Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 11 (2018) 525e530

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Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity

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Short Communication Review of the genus Chaudoir (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Korea

Ik Je Choi a, Jong Kook Jung b, Jinyoung Park c, Jong Kyun Park d,* a Silkworm and Management Center, Sangju, Republic of Korea b Forest Insect Pests and Disease Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea c Department of Ecological Monitoring and Assessment, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon, Republic of Korea d Department of Ecological Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea article info abstract

Article history: This study was conducted to review the genus Apristus, which has been poorly known in Korea until now, Received 19 July 2018 comprising only one species, A. striatus Motschulsky. In this article, we reviewed the genus with the Received in revised form detail diagnostic characters. Among them, A. cuprascens Bates is recorded in Korea for the first time. In 11 October 2018 addition, a key to the Korean Apristus species is provided with new points of easy identification of this Accepted 12 October 2018 genus using drawing and photos, including the redescription and diagnostic characters. Available online 18 October 2018 Ó 2018 National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA), Publishing Services by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// Keywords: Apristus creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Carabidae Korean Peninsula New record

Introduction Microsystems, Germany). Then, images were manipulated using the LAS software (version 4.1.0., Leica Microsystems, Switzerland) Apristus Chaudoir is one of the genera in the tribe Bonelli in the Korea National Arboretum (Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea). and is very rare in Korea (Choi et al 2016). A total of 61 species of Abbreviations for biometric measurements and localities used Apristus are distributed worldwide (Löbl and Smetana 2003; Lorenz in this article are as follows: BL, maximum length of the body from 2005), and only one species, A. striatus Motschulsky, has been the median clypeus to the elytra at the apex; HW, maximum width known in the Korean Peninsula (Kirschenhofer 1997; Paik 1998; of the head including the eyes; PL, maximum length of the pro- Paik and Jung 2003). As a result of taxonomic studies on Korean notum measured along the median line; PW, maximum width of Apristus species, we discovered A. cuprascens Bates of the Korean the pronotum at its widest point; EL, length of the elytron from the carabid fauna. A key to the Korean Apristus species, redescription, base to the apex along the median line; EW, maximum width of the and photographs of diagnostic characters including male genitalia elytra; GB, Gyeongsangbuk-do; GN, Gyeongsangnam-do; JB, are provided. Jeollabuk-do; JN, Jeollanam-do. The specimens examined in this study are deposited in the Entomological Collection, Division of Forest Biodiversity, Korea Material and methods National Arboretum, Pocheon, Republic of Korea (KNA) and the Department of Ecological Science, Kyungpook National University, Most of the specimens examined in this article were collected Sangju, Republic of Korea (KNU). from the riverside of South Korea. Images were captured using a Leica M205A Stereozoom microscope (Leica Microsystems, Solms, Taxonomic accounts Germany) with a connected digital camera (Leica DFC 495: Leica Family Carabidae Latreille, 1802 Subfamily Bonelli, 1810 * Corresponding author. College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyung- pook National University, Sangju, 742-711, Republic of Korea. Tel.: þ82 54 530 1215; Tribe Lebiini Bonelli, 1810 fax: þ82 54 530 1218. E-mail address: [email protected] (J.K. Park). Genus Apristus Chaudoir, 1846 Peer review under responsibility of National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Apristus Chaudoir, 1846: 62. Type species: Apristus subaeneus Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Chaudoir, 1846 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2018.10.002 pISSN2287-884X eISSN2287-9544/Ó 2018 National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA), Publishing Services by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 526 IJ Choi et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 11 (2018) 525e530

Diagnosis. This genus is morphologically similar to Anomotarus penultimate labial palpomere slender, long with several long setae and of Lebiini. However, Apristus can be distinguished at inner side. Antennae long with densely pubescences, but from the latter genus as it has a combination of the following antennomeres 1e2 and base of antennomere 3 without pubes- characteristics: the basal pronotum with distinct posterior angles in cences (Figure 2C). Thorax: Pronotum (Figure 2E) slightly cordate, the dorsal view and tarsal claws smooth without the denticulate or convex dorsally, broader than long, widest slightly behind; disk pectinate. glabrous with very small punctures; lateral margins with two pair Remarks. In Korea, Apristus species occurs on stony ground along lateral pronotal setae; anterolateral angles prominent, pointed the river and valleyside (Figure 1)(Paik and Jung 2003), and they (Figures 2I and 2J); posterolateral angles nearly right angle; are commonly found with Bembidion spp. and Dicheirotrichus (Tri- posterolateral margins with relatively slightly sinuate; median line chocellus) spp. Adults overwinter under stones. distinct; microsculpture strong, mashes nearly isodiametric. Pros- ternum with several short setae. Proepisternum glabrous; micro- Apristus cuprascens Bates, 1873 sculpture strong, mashes slightly transverse. Elytra: Flat, elongate, Apristus cuprascens Bates, 1873: 309. almost glabrous but truncation region with slightly pubescences, Diagnosis. Lateral margin of mentum rounded, short. Pronotum widest slightly behind middle; microsculpture distinct, mashes slightly cordate, convex; anterolateral angles prominent, pointed; nearly isodiametric; intervals slightly convex; striae deep. Humerus posterolateral angles nearly right angle; posterolateral margins region very convex in dorsal view (Figures 2F and 2G); humeral with relatively weakly sinuate. Humerus region of elytra very carina long. Posterolateral region of elytra not sinuate (Figure 2K). prominent in dorsal view; humeral carina long. Posterolateral re- Base of the elytra with scutellar pore. Abdomenal sternites nearly gion of elytra not sinuate. glabrous, microsculpture indistinct, mashes slightly transverse; Redescription. Color (Figures 2A and 2B): Head, pronotum, and sternite VII with two setae in both sexes (Figure 2H). Male genitalia: elytra dark brown or brown with coppery metallic shine. Mandi- Aedeagus slightly robust in lateral view (Figures 4Aand 4B), bles, palps, antennae, and legs dark brown with faint reddish shade. strongly contracted before the apex in dorsal view (Figure 4F); Ventral surface dark brown or black with faint reddish. apical lamella slightly thick and short in lateral and dorsal view Morphology. Head (Figure 2D): Wide, with two pairs of supra- (Figures 4A, B and D); inner sac large and short with densely pro- orbital setae near the eye; microsculpture distinct, mashes almost tuberance (Figure 4C). Left paramere longer than wide, nearly isodiametric. Vertex with very sparsely small punctures. Palp with triangular at apex (Figure 4E). sparsely short setae. Eye moderately prominent. Labrum relatively Measurements (n¼8). BL ¼ 2.98e3.31 mm (mean ¼ 3.15 mm), short; anterior margin straight with six setae. Mentum (Figure 2L) HW ¼ 0.68e0.73 mm (mean ¼ 0.71 mm), PL ¼ 0.61e0.65 mm with short median tooth; lateral margin rounded, short. Anterior (mean ¼ 0.63 mm), PW ¼ 0.75e0.81 mm (mean ¼ 0.78 mm), EL¼ margin of clypeus concave with one pair setae. Maxillary palpi 1.78e1.95 mm (mean ¼ 1.87 mm), EW¼ 1.38e1.45 mm (mean ¼ robust; apical maxillary palpomere more or less fusiform; penul- 1.42 mm). timate maxillary palpomere short, inverted cone. Labial palpi Material examined.4_,3\, Yecheon-eup, Yecheon-gun, GB, relatively slender; apical labial palpomere more or less fusiform; South Korea, 16 x 1983 (Y.J. Gwon Leg.); 1_, Hyangseok-ri,

Figure 1. The habitats and ecological pictures of Apristus spp. in South Korea (Hyangseok-ri, Yonggung-myeon, Yecheon, GB): A, adults of Apristus sp. hide under the stone; BeD, habitat of Apristus spp. (stony ground along the riverside). IJ Choi et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 11 (2018) 525e530 527

Figure 2. Diagnostic characters of Apristus cuprascens Bates (male): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, ditto, ventral view; C, antenna, dorsal view; D, head, dorsal view; E, pronotum, dorsal view; F, humerus region of elytra, dorsal view (picture); G, ditto (illustration); H, abdominal sternites; I, anterolateral angles of pronotum, dorsal view; J, ditto (illustration); K, posterolateral region of elytra, dorsal view; L, mentum. .

Yonggung-myeon, Yecheon-gun, GB, South Korea, 3635’17.0"N sinuate. Humerus region weakly prominent in dorsal view; hu- 12818’18.2"E, 29 x 2015 (J.K. Jung Leg.)-coll. KNU. meral carina short. Posterolateral region of elytra slightly sinuate. Distribution. Korea (new record), Japan, China, the Philippines, Redescription. Color (Figures 3A and 3B): Head, pronotum, and and Taiwan elytra almost black with coppery metallic shine. Mandibles, palpi, Remarks. A. cuprascens and A. striatus share similar external antenna, and legs dark brown with slightly reddish. Ventral surface morphological characters. However, A. cuprascens is smaller and dark brown or black with faint reddish. has a light coppery metallic luster than A. striatus. Morphology. Head (Figure 3D): Wide, nearly equal to pronotum across eyes, with two pairs of supraorbital setae near eye; Apristus striatus (Motschulsky, 1844) microsculpture distinct, mashes almost isodiametric. Eye moder- striatus Motschulsky, 1844: 63. ately prominent. Labrum relatively short; anterior margin straight Diagnosis. Lateral margin of mentum nearly obtuse triangle, with six setae. Mentum (Figure 3L) with short tooth; lateral short. Pronotum distinctly cordate, convex in dorsal view; antero- margin nearly obtuse triangle. Anterior margin of clypeus concave lateral angles slightly prominent, not pointed; posterolateral angles with one pair setae. Vertex with very sparsely small punctures. nearly obtuse angle; posterolateral margins with relatively strongly Palpi with sparsely short setae. Maxillary palpi robust; apical 528 IJ Choi et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 11 (2018) 525e530

Figure 3. Diagnostic characters of Apristus striatus (Motschulsky) (male): A, habitus, dorsal view; B, ditto, ventral view; C, antenna, dorsal view; D, head, dorsal view; E, pronotum, dorsal view; F, humerus region of elytra, dorsal view (picture); G, ditto (illustration); H, abdominal sternites; I, anterolateral angles of pronotum, dorsal view; J, ditto (illustration); K, posterolateral region of elytra, dorsal view; L, mentum. . maxillary palpomere more or less fusiform; penultimate maxillary deep. Humerus region (Figures 3F and G) weakly convex in dorsal palpomere short, inverted cone. Labial palpi relatively slender; view; Humeral carina short. Posterolateral region of elytra slightly apical labial palpomere more or less fusiform; penultimate labial sinuate. Base of the elytra with scutellar pore. Abdomenal ster- palpomere slender, long with several long setae at inner side. nites (Figure 3H) nearly glabrous, microsculpture indistinct, Antennae (Figure 3C) long with densely pubescences, but anten- mashes slightly transverse; sternite VII with two setae in both nomeres1e2 and base of antennomere 3 without pubescences. sexs. Male genitalia: aedeagus slender in lateral view (Figures 5A Thorax: Pronotum (Figure 3E) distinctly cordate, convex in dorsal and 5B) strongly contracted before the apex in dorsal view; apical view, broader than long, widest slightly behind; disk glabrous lamella slender and long in lateral and dorsal view (Figures 5A, B with very small punctures; lateral margins with two pair lateral and D); inner sac slightly slender and long, with very faint pro- pronotal seta; anterolateral angles slightly prominent, not pointed tuberance (Figure 5C). Left paramere longer than wide, rounded at (Figures 3I and 3J); posterolateral angles nearly obtuse angle; apex (Figure 5E). posterolateral margins with relatively strongly sinuate; median Measurements (n¼20). 3.32e3.87 mm (mean ¼ 3.6 mm), HW ¼ line distinct; microsculpture strong, mashes nearly isodiametric. 0.76e0.84 mm (mean ¼ 0.8 mm), PL ¼ 0.71e0.82 mm (mean ¼ 0.77 Prosternum with several short setae. Proepisternum glabrous, mm), PW ¼ 0.64e0.95 mm (mean ¼ 0.8 mm), EL¼ 2.07e2.34 mm microsculpture strong, mashes slightly transverse. Elytra: Flat, (mean ¼ 2.21 mm), EW¼ 1.39e1.69 mm (mean ¼1.54 mm). elongate, almost glabrous, but truncation region with slightly Material examined. 3_,5\, Hyangseok-ri, Yonggung-myeon, pubescences, widest slightly behind middle; microsculpture Yecheon-gun, GB, South Korea, 3635’17.0"N 12818’18.2"E, 29 x distinct, mashes nearly isodiametric; intervals convex; striae 2015 (J.K. Jung Leg.)-coll. KNU; 3_,2\, Chuseong-ri, Macheon- IJ Choi et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 11 (2018) 525e530 529

Figure 4. Male genitalia of Apristus cuprascens Bates: AeB, aedeagus, lateral view; C, inner sac; D, apical lamelle; E, left paramere; F, aedeagus, dorsal view. .

Figure 5. Male genitalia of Apristus striatus (Motschulsky): AeB, aedeagus, lateral view; C, inner sac; D, apical lamelle; E, left paramere; F, aedeagus, dorsal view. . myeon, Hamyang-gun, GN, South Korea, 6 vi 2002 (J.C. Paik Leg.); Remarks. This species was first recorded from South Pyongan, 6_,3\, Gaemyeong-ri, Goje-myeon, Geochang-gun, GN, South Ko- North Korea (3ex., Sa-gam, South Pyongan Province, 45 km from rea, 14 vii 2002 (J.C. Paik Leg.); 3_,1\, Daeseong-ri, Hwagae-myeon, Pyongyang, 12. VIII. 1971) by Kirschenhofer (1997). Later, Paik Hadong-gun, GN, South Korea, 22 vi 2005 (J.C. Paik Leg.); 1_,4\, (1998) reported this species in South Korea (4_,4\, 10. VIII. 1998, Buun-ri, Sannae-myeon, Namwon-si, JB, South Korea, 10 vi 2002 Suncheon-si, Jeollanam-do). A. striatus is widely distributed in the (J.C. Paik Leg.); 5\, Eochi-ri, Donggye-myeon, Sunchang-gun, JB, Korean Peninsula, and it is rapid in action especially on the warm South Korea, 10 vi 2002 (J.C. Paik Leg.); 2_,2\, Kwaesang-ri, days, making it not easy to collect (Paik and Jung 2003). Boseong-eup, Boseong-gun, JN, South Korea, 12 iv 2007 (J.C. Paik Key to the Korean Apristus species Leg.); 8_,7\, Gildu-ri, Podu-myeon, Goheung-gun, JN, South Korea, 21 iv 2007 (J.C. Paik Leg.); 5_,3\, Sinwon-ri, Daap-myeon, Gwangyang-si, JN, South Korea, 3 vi 2007 (J.C. Paik Leg.)-coll. KNA. 1. Pronotum slightly cordate; anterolateral angles prominent, Distribution. Korea, Japan, and Russia pointed (Figure 2E). Humerus region (Figures 2F and G) of elytra 530 IJ Choi et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 11 (2018) 525e530

very prominent in dorsal view; humeral carina long References ...... A. cuprascens 2. Pronotum distinctly cordate; anterolateral angles slightly promi- Bates HW. 1873. On the geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1837:219e322. nent, not pointed (Figure 3E). Humerus region (Figures 3F Chaudoir M. 1846. Carabiques. Pp. 47e209. Carabiques nouveaux de la Cimée. Pp. and G) weakly prominent in dorsal view; humeral carina 227e234. In: Chaudoir M, Hochhuth H, editors. Enumération des carabiques et short ...... A. striatus hydrocanthares recueillis pendant un voyage au Caucase et dans les provinces transcaucasiennes par Baron M. de Chaudoir et le Baron A. de Gotsch. kiev: J. Wallner. 268 pp. Conflicts of interest Choi IJ, Lim JO, Park JY, et al. 2016. Study on the genus Daptus ground- (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Korea. Journal of Asia-pacific Biodiversity 9:34e38. Kirschenhofer E. 1997. Beitrag zur Faunistik und Taxonomie der Carabidae (Cole- The authors declare that there is no conflicts of interest. optera) Koreas. Annales Historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 89:103e 122. Löbl I, Smetana A. 2003. Catalogue of Palaearctic ColeopteraIn Archostemata- Myx- Acknowledgments ophaga-, vol. 1. Denmark: Apollo Books. 819 pp. Lorenz W. 2005. Systematic list of extant ground beetles of the world (Insecta Cole- optera Geadephaga: Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, The authors deeply thank Dr J.O. Lim of National Arboretum, Rhysodinae). 2nd ed. Tutzing, Germany: Wolfgang Lorenz. 530 pp. Korea Forest Service. This study was supported by a grant from the Paik JC, Jung SH. 2003. Some ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from Jeju Is- land. Korean Society of Soil Zoology 8(1e2):46e53. National Institute of Biological Resourcea (NIBR), funded by the Paik JC. 1998. Some ground-beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from Korea. Korean Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the South Korea (NIBR No. 2016). Society of Soil Zoology 3 (1):1e9.