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Between promise and practice Exploring the politics of urban food strategies in European cities Cretella, A.

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Download date:25 Sep 2021 strategies Cretella Practice food Agnese and urban cities in European politics of

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Exploring Promise Between

Between Promise and Practice: Exploring the politics of urban food strategies in European cities Agnese Cretella 2019 ISBN: 978-94-6380-328-1

Between Promise and Practice

Exploring the politics of urban food strategies in European cities

Agnese Cretella

Between Promise and Practice

Exploring the politics of urban food strategies in European cities

ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT

ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor

aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam

op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. dr. ir. K.I.J. Maex

ten overstaan van een door het College voor Promoties ingestelde commissie,

in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Agnietenkapel

op dinsdag 14 mei 2019, te 14.00 uur

door Agnese Cretella

geboren te Pescara

Promotiecommissie:

Promotor: prof. dr. J. Grin Universiteit van Amsterdam

Copromotor: dr. A.M.C. Loeber Universiteit van Amsterdam

Overige leden:

prof. dr. E.H.M. Moors Universiteit Utrecht

prof dr. J.L. Uitermark Universiteit van Amsterdam

prof dr. R.K. Jaffe Universiteit van Amsterdam

dr. D.W. Laws Universiteit van Amsterdam

dr. F.R. Dinis de Araújo Avelino Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam

Universiteit van Amsterdam

Faculteit der Maatschappij‐ en Gedragswetenschappen

Content

1 — Introduction 1

1.1 Problematizing food and the city 3

1.2 Research questions and thesis outline 12

2 — Urban Food Strategies. Exploring definitions and diffusion of European cities’ latest policy trend 15

2.1 Relevance 19

2.2 Urban Food Strategies. Emerging narratives 21

Urban 23

Food 24

Strategy 27

2.3 Filling the gaps: definition and diffusion 28

2.4 The origin of a trend 31

2.5 Discussion and concluding remarks 33

3 — Beyond the Alternative Complex. The London Urban Food Strategy and Neoliberal Governance 35

3.1 Introduction 39

3.2 Urban Food Strategies: Is an alternative model emerging? 41

3.3 Methodology 43

3.4 The shift to sustainable development in London’s governance 44

3.5 Introducing food in urban policy 45

3.6 Bipartisan convergence 48

3.7 “The greenest games ever” 52

3.8 Conclusions 54

4 — Food as creative city politics in the city of Rotterdam 57

4.1 Introduction: The drive towards urban food governance 61

4.2 Methodology 65

4.3 Rotterdam’s “creative” turn 66 4.4 Rotterdam’s “green” turn 69

4.5 Food and UA in the Sustainability Program 76

4.6 The Agenda Food and the City 80

4.7 A “new” Rotterdam, but for whom? 83

5 — The Pisa Food Plan. The challenge of bringing sustainable food to the institutional agenda 87

5.1 Introduction 91

5.2 Methodology 93

5.3 Setting the scene 97

5.4 The Pisa Food Plan 106

5.5 Conception of the project 111

5.5.1 International ‘best practices’ 111

5.5.2 Established network 113

5.5.3 Relevance to the context 114

5.6 Project interruption 115

5.6.1 Academic format 115

5.6.2 Organization/Broad objectives 117

5.6.3 Appropriation of movements instances 118

5.7 Discussion and concluding remarks 120

6 — Discussion and Conclusions 125

6.1 Urban food strategies and the ‘food governance’ trend 128

6.2 UFSs: “Alternative” or “neoliberal” policies? 132

6.3 Promoting the urban food policy agenda. The contested role of researchers, food movements and local institutions 141

References 147

Summary 165

Samenvatting 171

Acknowledgments 177

List of visual content

Graph 1: From Harris, Dougill et al. 2015, p.70: “Number of Publications by Year (Urban Food Systems); reproduced from Scopus search results accessed on February 2015”...... 4

Map 1: European distribution of UFSs ...... 30

Figure 1: The cover page of the “Investing in sustainable growth”, “Sustainability Program” (authorsʹ translation). City of Rotterdam — Gemeente Rotterdam (2011). 70

Figure 2: The cover page of the strategic document “Food & the city”, “Stimulating urban agriculture in and around Rotterdam” (authorsʹ translation). City of Rotterdam— Gemeente Rotterdam (2012)...... 71

Figure 3: Rendering of the project for the redevelopment of Schiebroek Zuid — courtesy of EXCEPT (2015)...... 78

Photo 1: The market organized in Rotterdam by “Rotterdamse Oogst”. Courtesy of Rotterdamse Oogst...... 72

Photo 2: Interior view of the Markthal, a residential and commercial building provided with an indoor market hall. The municipality is the institutional partner of the project. Photo by the authors...... 75

Photo 3: GAS distribution session taking place in the squat Newroz, May 2016. Picture by the author...... 102

Photo 4: Entrance of the squat Newroz. June 2014. Picture by the author...... 103

Photo 5: Urban agriculture at the squat Newroz. June 2014. Picture by the author. 103

Photo 6: Entrance of the local/organic shop La bottega della leopolda, June 2014. Picture by the author...... 105

Photo 7: Fruit and vegetables on display at the Bottega della leopolda, June 2014. Picture by the author...... 105

Photo 8: The ʺSanta Caterinaʺ farmers market in Pisa, June 2016. Picture by the author...... 106