Synthesiology”, a New Academic Journal
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MESSAGES FROM THE EDITORIAL BOARD There has been a wide gap between science and society. The last three hundred years of the history of modern science indicates to us that many research results disappeared or took a long time to become useful to society. Due to the difficulties of bridging this gap, it has been recently called the valley of death or the nightmare stage (Note 1). Rather than passively waiting, therefore, researchers and engineers who understand the potential of the research should be active. To bridge the gap, technology integration (i.e. Type 2 Basic Research − Note 2) of scientific findings for utilizing them in society, in addition to analytical research, has been one of the wheels of progress (i.e. Full Research − Note 3). Traditional journals, have been collecting much analytical type knowledge that is factual knowledge and establishing many scientific disciplines (i.e. Type 1 Basic Research − Note 4). Technology integration research activities, on the other hand, have been kept as personal know-how. They have not been formalized as universal knowledge of what ought to be done. As there must be common theories, principles, and practices in the methodologies of technology integration, we regard it as basic research. This is the reason why we have decided to publish “Synthesiology”, a new academic journal. Synthesiology is a coined word combining “synthesis” and “ology”. Synthesis which has its origin in Greek means integration. Ology is a suffix attached to scientific disciplines. Each paper in this journal will present scenarios selected for their societal value, identify elemental knowledge and/or technologies to be integrated, and describe the procedures and processes to achieve this goal. Through the publishing of papers in this journal, researchers and engineers can enhance the transformation of scientific outputs into the societal prosperity and make technical contributions to sustainable development. Efforts such as this will serve to increase the significance of research activities to society. We look forward to your active contributions of papers on technology integration to the journal. Addendum to Synthesiology-English edition, “Synthesiology-English edition” is a translated version of “Synthesiology” which is published quarterly, ISSN 1882-6229, by AIST. Papers or articles published in “Synthesiology-English edition” appear approximately four months after the publication of the original “Synthesiology”. The views expressed in translated version are exclusively those of the Japanese authors and editors. The Japanese authors are generally consulted regarding the translation of their papers, but are not responsible for the published English version. Papers or articles in the “Synthesiology” originally submitted in English are also reproduced just as they were published in “Synthesiology”. Some papers or articles in “Synthesiology” are not translated due to the authors’ or editors’ judgement. Synthesiology Editorial Board Note 1 : The period was named “nightmare stage” by Hiroyuki Yoshikawa, President of AIST, and historical scientist Joseph Hatvany. The “valley of death” was by Vernon Ehlers in 1998 when he was Vice Chairman of US Congress, Science and Technology Committee. Lewis Branscomb, Professor emeritus of Harvard University, called this gap as “Darwinian sea” where natural selection takes place. Note 2 : Type 2 Basic Research This is a research type where various known and new knowledge is combined and integrated in order to achieve the specific goal that has social value. It also includes research activities that develop common theories or principles in technology integration. Note 3 : Full Research This is a type of research where the theme is placed within a scenario of future society, and where a framework is developed in which researchers from a wide range of research fields can participate in studying actual issues. This research is done continuously and concurrently from Type 1 Basic Research (Note 3) to Product Realization Research (Note 5), centered by Type 2 Basic Research (Note 4). Note 4 : Type 1 Basic Research This is an analytical research type where unknown phenomena are analyzed, by observation, experimentation, and theoretical calculation, to establish universal principles and theories. Note 5 : Product Realization Research This is a type of research where the results and knowledge from Type 1 Basic Research and Type 2 Basic Research are applied to embody the use of a new technology in society. −i− Synthesiology - English edition Vol.1 No.2 Contents Messages from the editorial board i Research papers Creation of seamless geological map of Japan at the scale of 1:200,000 and its distribution through the web 73 (1) － For maximum accessibility and utilization of geological information － - - - K. Wakita, T. Igawa, S. Takarada and Y. Fusejima Development of a small-size cogeneration system using thermoelectric power generation 85 (13) － Recovery system of high-temperature waste heat by new thermoelectric oxides － - - - R. Funahashi and S. Urata Realization of a collaboration system for everyone to develop and manage 93 (21) － Practices of communication patterns using qwikWeb － - - - K. Eto, M. Hamasaki and T. Nishimura Introduction to service engineering 103 (31) －A framework for theoretical study of the service engineering － - - - H. Yoshikawa A systematic analysis of protein interaction networks leading to the drug discovery 114 (42) － Development of ultra sensitive mass spectrometry analytical platform － - - - S. Iemura and T. Natsume The aerosol deposition method 121 (49) － For production of high performance micro devices with low cost and low energy consumption － - - - J. Akedo, S. Nakano, J. Park, S. Baba and K. Ashida Interviews Hope for Synthesiology - - - R. K. Lester and N. Kobayashi 131 (59) The Toyota Motor approach from basic research to product realization 138 (66) - - - M. Umeyama and M. Akamatsu Reviewing papers in the new style - - - Synthesiology editorial board 143 (71) Editorial policy 150 (78) Instructions for authors 152 (80) − ii − Research paper Creation of seamless geological map of Japan at the scale of 1:200,000 and its distribution through the web - For maximum accessibility and utilization of geological information - Koji Wakita ＊ , Toshie Igawa ＊＊ , Shinji Takarada ＊＊ and Yuichiro Fusejima** [Translation from Synthesiology, Vol.1, No.2, p.82-93 (2008)] A seamless geological map with unified legend was created at the scale of 1:200,000 covering the entire Japanese Archipelago. This was accomplished by harmonizing regional geological maps that were compiled in various ages. A research scenario from basic geological research to information technology (IT) for distribution of digital geological maps was designed. Type 2 Basic Research was proposed to distribute the interoperable data set of geological maps, which were transformed from the results of Type 1 Basic Research for geological mapping. Seamless geological mapping was finally proposed as a Full Research program in geological research field. Keywords : Geological map, seamless, web distribution, standardization, GeoSciML, GEO Grid 1 Introduction basic information of the underground, but also are the distinguished products of Type 1 Basic Researches that Geology has two major characteristics: first, it is a basic contribute to the construction of knowledge system[2][3]. natural science that investigates natural phenomena on and beneath the earth’s surface; second, it is an applied Geological maps are always compiled based on the latest science that explores natural resources in response to social geological model of the time. Since new geological models requirements of the times. The first geological map created emerge with the progress of geology, it often happens that at the dawn of geology provided us with valuable knowledge two maps compiled at different periods, even though they and information about natural resources such as oil, coal, are adjacent, may be represented by different geological iron, and diamond[1]. It also introduced use to the mysteries of divisions and/or legend, and the distribution of formations the underground. Today, geology continues to evolve and is may be discontinuous. accumulating comprehensive knowledge of the earth system. It also plays an important role as a practical science in many Because of such inconveniences, we are faced with growing fronts such as natural resources, environment, and disaster need to revise and update these geological maps made at prevention. This practical role is emphasized in the subtitle different ages with latest model and knowledge obtained “Earth Science for Society” for the International Year of in field surveys. Expanding this operation nationwide will Planet Earth 2008. make geological maps more useful and helpful in our society. Likening the situation where current research become In Japan, numerous geological maps were published at different outdated and inapplicable as time goes by to the “valley of scales by the Geological Survey of Japan (the predecessor death” in research, we must promote Type 2 Basic Research of present Geological Survey of Japan of the AIST) since its to make past accomplishments more valuable and escape this establishment in 1882. From the Meiji Era (late nineteenth situation. The research of seamless geologic maps aims to century) to the reconstruction period after the Second World recreate valuable geoinformation for society. War, the geological maps were used as basic information for exploring