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A Strategic Assessment of Spatial Planning Options for Papua Province

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A Strategic Assessment of Spatial Planning Options for Papua Province A Strategic Assessment of Spatial Planning Options for Papua Province This assessment was supported by The Strategic Environmental Assessment Programme of the The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H St. NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 1-202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org E-mail: [email protected] December 2008, Jakarta – Indonesia The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Telephone: 978-750-8400; Fax: 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H St. NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; Fax: 202-522-2422; E-mail: [email protected]. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this volume do not imply on the part of the World Bank Group any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. This report was prepared by a consulting team comprised of Sekala, the Papuan Civil Society Strengthening Foundation and the Nordic Consulting Group under the leadership of Yohanes I Ketut Deddy Muliastra. The Study was conceived and managed by Josef Leitmann, with support from Andrew Sembel, both of The World Bank. Administrative assistance was provided by Ms. Anna Widiana. The work was financed by the EAP Strategic Environmental Assessment Program managed by Jian Xie. The peer reviewers were Fernando Loayza (The World Bank) and Barry Sadler (external consultant). The World Bank Office, Jakarta Indonesia Stock Exchange Building, Tower 2, 12th and 13th floor Jl. Jenderal Sudirman Kav 52-53, Jakarta, 12190 – Indonesia Ph (62-21) 5299-3000, Fax (62-21) 5299-3111 A Strategic Assessment of Spatial Planning Options for Papua Province December 2008 This assessment was supported by The Strategic Environmental Assessment Program of the i Papua Assessment CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................1 2. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................5 2.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................5 2.2 Objective of the Assignment ....................................................................................5 2.3 Scope and Tasks ........................................................................................................5 2.4 Methodology ..............................................................................................................6 3. ASSESSMENT OF SPATIAL DATA ON PAPUA PROVINCE........................7 3.1 Provincial and district boundaries ..........................................................................7 3.2 Papua’s geographical zones ....................................................................................7 3.3 Land and forest cover..............................................................................................9 3.5 Forest use categories...............................................................................................10 3.6 Soils..........................................................................................................................12 3.7 Peat soils..................................................................................................................13 3.8 Rainfall....................................................................................................................14 3.9 Human populations................................................................................................15 3.10 Transmigration .......................................................................................................17 4. ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PRIORITIES...................18 4.1 Economic priorities.................................................................................................18 4.1.1 Mining..............................................................................................................20 4.1.2 Logging............................................................................................................24 4.1.3 Oil palm...........................................................................................................24 4.1.4 Industrial timber plantations ............................................................................25 4.1.5 Agriculture .......................................................................................................26 4.1.6 Roads................................................................................................................27 4.1.7 Air and sea transport ........................................................................................29 4.1.8 Fisheries ...........................................................................................................30 4.1.9 Electricity.........................................................................................................32 4.1.10 Telecommunications........................................................................................33 4.1.11 Tourism............................................................................................................33 4.1.12 Trade ................................................................................................................34 4.2 Social priorities........................................................................................................34 4.2.1 Poverty alleviation...........................................................................................34 4.2.2 Health...............................................................................................................35 4.2.3 Education .........................................................................................................36 4.2.4 Food security....................................................................................................37 4.2.5 Sanitation .........................................................................................................37 4.2.6 Improved welfare and rights of indigenous Papuans.......................................38 4.3 Environmental priorities........................................................................................39 4.3.1 Global warming and climate change................................................................39 4.3.2 Deforestation....................................................................................................40 5.3.3 Peat conservation.............................................................................................42 4.3.4 Watershed management, particularly in Merauke district. ..............................43 4.3.5 Marine conservation.........................................................................................43 4.3.6 Terrestrial conservation management..............................................................44 5. DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS ................................................................................46 5.1 Transport and access options.................................................................................46 5.1.1 Business as usual option ..................................................................................46 5.1.2 Prioritize certain road developments ...............................................................46 Papua Assessment ii 5.1.3 Ensure existing roads are well maintained......................................................47 5.1.4 Improve air transport for passengers and cargo...............................................49 5.1.5 Improve sea and river transport .......................................................................51 5.1.6 Access to education and health services ..........................................................52 5.1.7 Summary and recommendations......................................................................53 5.2 Mining options.........................................................................................................53 5.2.1 Business as usual option .................................................................................53 5.2.2 Utilize mining revenues to promote equitable development that does not result in extensive deforestation.......................................................................54 5.2.3 Utilize mining revenues to build roads ............................................................56 5.2.4 Reallocate protection and conservation forest areas allocated for mining exploration for carbon storage or logging........................................................56 5.2.5 Increase revenue from mining by increasing the tax for utilizing forest lands57 5.2.6 Summary and recommendations......................................................................58
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