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Deliverable 4.3:Comparative Case Study Reort PARTISPACE Working Paper 2 November 2017 Claiming spaces and struggling for recognition : Youth participation through local case studies Janet Batsleer, Kathrin Ehrensperger, Demet Lüküslü, Berrin Osmanoğlu, Alexandre Pais, Christian Reutlinger, Patricia Roth, Annegret Wigger,Youth Dominic participation Zimmermann through local case Manchesterstudies Metropolitan University, United Kingdom ; Yeditepe University, Turkey and FHS St.Gallen, University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland University of Bologna, Italy and University of Gothenburg, Sweden WP4 Comparative Report This Working Paper is published in the Working Paper Series of the international research project “Spaces and Styles of Participation. Formal, non-formal and informal possibilities of young people’s participation in European cities” (PARTISPACE). The project involves ten research teams from Bulgaria, France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Switzerland and Turkey. Further information on the project is available the project website http://partispace.eu Contact details Prof. Dr. Andreas Walther Professor for education, social pedagogy and youth welfare Goethe University of Frankfurt/Main Institut für Sozialpaedagogik und Erwachsenenbildung Theodor-W.-Adorno-Platz 6, PEG D-60629 Frankfurt am Main [email protected] This project receives funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 649416. 1 WP4 Comparative Report CONTENTS 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 4 2. Methods and methodology ..................................................................................................... 8 2.1. Overall approach .............................................................................................................. 8 2.2. Approaching the fieldwork: Mapping and sampling ....................................................... 9 2.2.1. Expert interviews..................................................................................................... 11 2.2.2. Group discussions and city walks ........................................................................... 12 2.2.3. Local advisory board ............................................................................................... 13 2.3. Choosing the final six case studies ................................................................................ 14 2.4. Ethnography................................................................................................................... 17 2.4.1. Research journal and fieldnotes .............................................................................. 18 2.5. Biographic interviews .................................................................................................... 19 2.6. Coding and emergent categories (elaborating local constellations of youth participation in terms of qualitative multilevel analysis) ........................................................................... 19 2.7. Obstacles ........................................................................................................................ 20 3. Presentation and discussion of findings ............................................................................... 21 3.1 Structures of youth policy and lived experience of youth in urban contexts – A comparison............................................................................................................................ 21 3.1.1. Structures of youth policy, youth support and youth work in urban contexts ........ 22 3.1.2. Being young in one's own city ................................................................................ 30 3.1.3 Participation through the lenses of different actors .................................................. 39 3.2 Participatory Activities .............................................................................................. 43 3.2.1 Methodological note .......................................................................................... 45 3.2.2 Description of clusters of participatory activities .............................................. 45 3.2.3 The range of participatory activities .................................................................. 85 3.3 Participation biographies ................................................................................................ 88 3.3.1 Methodological note and description of the sample across cities ............................ 88 3.3.2 Clusters of biographies ............................................................................................. 90 3.3.3 Relation between clusters of participatory activities and biographies ................... 126 4. Comparative cross-cutting themes: Divided cities and nations - Clusters of activities, clusters or biographies ........................................................................................................... 129 4.1. Divided cities ............................................................................................................... 129 2 WP4 Comparative Report 4.2. Relationship between case clusters and biographies: The emergence of cross-cutting themes ................................................................................................................................. 131 3.4.3. Discussion of cross-cutting themes .......................................................................... 136 4.3.1. Cross cutting theme 1: Participation, spaces and narratives - the negotiation of boundaries and what is pushed to an edge or beyond the boundary ............................... 136 3.4.3.2. Cross-Cutting Theme 2: Tensions of Participation - Political, Cultural, Social 158 3.4.3.3. Cross-cutting theme 3: Relations between young people and adults and implicit and explicit models of learning and education ................................................................ 164 3.4.3.4. Cross-cutting theme 4: “We are like a family” – Emotions and participation in young people’s lives ........................................................................................................ 168 3.4.3.5. Cross-cutting theme 5: Temporalities of participation ....................................... 170 5. Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 178 References .............................................................................................................................. 185 Appendixes ............................................................................................................................ 187 Appendix A – Table Case studies ....................................................................................... 188 Appendix B – Table Biographies ....................................................................................... 214 Appendix C – Table Bio Cluster Cities .............................................................................. 231 Appendix D – Table Bio Clusters Age ............................................................................... 235 Appendix E – Table Bio Cluster Gender ............................................................................ 239 Appendix F: Biographies according to clusters .................................................................. 243 3 WP4 Comparative Report 1. INTRODUCTION “The crisis consists precisely in the fact that the old is dying and the new cannot be born; in this interregnum a great variety of morbid symptoms appear.” (Antonio Gramsci, The Prison Notebooks) The PARTISPACE research reported on here occurred between September 2015 and October 2017 and involved all the teams working on the project. During this period, teams undertook a detailed mapping of formal, non-formal and informal activities, settings, actors, infrastructures and issues of youth participation in eight major European cities; followed by an in-depth analysis of youth participation in different settings and the reconstruction of local constellations of youth participation and participation biographies. For the first phase of the project – the mapping – each city team carried out 20 or more expert interviews (EI) with key persons in the urban context; 10 or more group discussions (GD) with a diverse range of young people; the setting up of local advisory groups including policy makers, practitioners and young people; numerous city walks as well as other data collection strategies (participation in youth events, online monitoring, exploration of literature about the city among others). For the second phase each city developed 6 in depth-case studies of practices, taking advantage of the data collected and contacts already developed during phase one, and applying an ethnographic approach which generated rich and “thick” data about the different dynamics affecting youth participation in each city. Concomitant with the ethnographic approach, each city team undertook 12 or more biographic interviews, which provided the material to reconstruct 12 participation biographies by city. The analysis of all this data, which followed the general indications of grounded theory and qualitative multilevel analysis, allowed for the elaboration of local constellations of youth participation in each city. The headlines of these local constellations are reported in section 3.4 of this report and
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