El Derecho a Vivir Una Vida Libre De Violencia
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No more! The right of women to live a life free of violence in Latin America and the Caribbean October 2007 No more! The right of women to live a life free of violence in Latin America and the Caribbean LC/L.2808 October 2007 This report was prepared under the supervision of Sonia Montaño, Head of the ECLAC Women and Development Unit, who, along with Diane Alméras, was responsible for the final version and organization of all the contributions. Contributions to the preparation of the report were also made by Verónica Aranda, who was in charge of the preliminary version, and by María de la Luz Ramírez in processing the data. Comments were provided by Víctor Abramovich, Eliana Arauco, Irma Arriagada, Reynaldo Bajraj, Haydée Birgin, Susana Chiarotti, Lorena Fries, Carlos Guïda, Rosario Mamani, Mary Marca, Cecilia Medina, Todd Minerson, Christine Norton, Laura Pautassi, Patricia Provoste, Nieves Rico, Jimena Rojas, Lorena Valdebenito and Carmen Rosa Villa-Quintana. Particular thanks are due to the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), as well as the other organizations, funds and programmes that currently make up the Inter-Agency Working Group on Violence against Women in all its Manifestations, which is coordinated by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC): Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCHR), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), International Labour Organization (ILO), Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), International Organization for Migration (IOM), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA). Thanks are also given to UNICEF, UNIFEM and UNAIDS for their financial contribution. 2 No more! The right of women to live a life free of violence in Latin America and the Caribbean Index Presentation.............................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................................................. 9 Chapter I. How violence is experienced in Latin America and the Caribbean A. Violence against Women in a context of social inequality................................................................................. 15 B. Violence: A human rights violation ......................................................................................................................... 17 1. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women ............................ 18 2. The Convention of Belém do Pará................................................................................................................... 20 3. The Rome Statute................................................................................................................................................ 23 Chapter II. Violence in numbers A. Violence in Intimate Spaces...................................................................................................................................... 29 1. Violence against women within the couple................................................................................................... 30 2. Violence against girl children, boy children and adolescents..................................................................... 40 B. Violence within the community ............................................................................................................................... 48 1. Sexual violence in the public sphere or the discomfort of women........................................................... 48 2. Sexual Harassment at Work.............................................................................................................................. 51 3. Trafficking in women .......................................................................................................................................... 52 4. Violence against women and HIV/AIDS ........................................................................................................ 54 C. Violence Perpetrated or Tolerated by the State or its Agents............................................................................ 62 1. Institutional violence........................................................................................................................................... 62 2. Violence against migrant women..................................................................................................................... 64 3. Violence against indigenous and afro-descendant women ........................................................................ 65 4. Violence against women in armed conflicts .................................................................................................. 67 D. Femicide........................................................................................................................................................................ 70 1. Intimate femicide................................................................................................................................................. 70 2. Femicide in the public sphere........................................................................................................................... 74 E. Effects and Costs of Violence ................................................................................................................................... 77 Chapter III. Laws, programmes and good practices A. Legislation against violence....................................................................................................................................... 81 B. Government policies and programmes.................................................................................................................. 83 C. Protagonists in the fight against violence............................................................................................................... 86 1. Civil society and women’s organizations ....................................................................................................... 86 2. The voice of men................................................................................................................................................. 92 3. National Human Rights Institutions ................................................................................................................. 94 3 No more! The right of women to live a life free of violence in Latin America and the Caribbean 4. The International Community ........................................................................................................................... 96 Chapter IV. Toward a life free of violence A. Challenges to prevent, sanction and eradicate violence against women......................................................101 1. The legal framework .........................................................................................................................................101 2. Access to Justice................................................................................................................................................102 3. Plans, programmes and strategies executed by sector and territory ......................................................103 B. Promotion of an integral intervention model ......................................................................................................103 C. Constructing a regional Observatory on gender violence................................................................................105 1. Application of international instruments on violence against women....................................................105 2. Execution of policies, plans and programmes .............................................................................................105 3. Legislative dispositions and law reforms.......................................................................................................106 4 Establishment of alliances and cooperation networks ...............................................................................106 5. Production of Statistics.....................................................................................................................................106 6. Information and Dissemination ......................................................................................................................106 D. Promote mechanisms for supervision and follow up.........................................................................................107 1. Promote the Follow-up Mechanism of the Convention of Belém do Pará............................................107 2. Disseminate the Convention and implement the recommendations of the Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women .......................................................108 Bibliography..........................................................................................................................................................................111