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The Beacon Pakistan Navy War College Review (2017-2018) 47th Pakistan Navy Staff Course PAKISTAN NAVY WAR COLLEGE Naval Complex Walton, Askari V, Gulberg III, Lahore, Pakistan Ph: 0092-42-99232416, 66960103, Fax: 0092-42-99232419 Email: [email protected], Web: www.paknavy.gov ISO 9001:2015 certified The Beacon Pakistan Navy War College Review (2017-2018) The Beacon is the new avatar of Pakistan Navy War College’s annual publication. It carries a compilation of selected research papers contributed by Course Participants and College Faculty of the 47th Pakistan Navy Staff Course. The Beacon primarily endeavours to disseminate maritime and security knowledge related to oceanic affairs. The Beacon also includes other selected titles for wider readership both, within and outside the Navy. Subjects of national or international significance such as; conflict and conflict resolution, socio-economic challenges, climate change and environmental security as well as regional & international geopolitical trends appear on the pages of The Beacon. Disclaimer The thoughts and views expressed in The Beacon are those of authors and not necessarily those of Pakistan Navy War College or Pakistan Navy. PATRON-IN-CHIEF Rear Admiral Naveed Ahmed Rizvi HI(M) PATRON Cdre Ch.Sajjad Akber Khan SI(M) CHIEF EDITOR Ms. Sana Saghir EDITOR Lt Cdr Aamer Shakoor PN MEMBERS Lt Cdr Saeed Ur Rehman PN Lt Cdr M Asad Yaseen PN Lt Cdr Kashif Azeem PN Lt Cdr M Mohsin Qadeer PN iii ADVISORY BOARD Dr. Stanley Byron Weeks Consulting Employee Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) Mc Lean, Virginia, USA Dr. Wang Dakui Director National Marine Environmental Forecasting Centre (NMEFC), China Prof Wang Dehua Director Institute of South and Central Asian Studies, China Dr. Amin Tarzi Director Middle East Studies Marine Corps University (MCU), USA Cdre Dr. S. M. Shahzad SI(M) Naval Headquarters, Islamabad Cdr (R) Dr. Azhar Ahmad HOD (Humanity and Social Sciences), Bahria University, Islamabad Cdre (R) Dr. Ihsan Qadir SI(M) Ex-Director NCMPR, Karachi Dr. Hasan Yaser Malik TI(M) Manager (Corporate Affairs) Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim Limited, Islamabad Dr. Aiysha Safdar Lecturer, Kinnaird College, Lahore iv CONTENTS Sr. # Title Page # Improving Health of Fishing Industry to 1 Revive Country’s Blue Economy 1 Lt Cdr Tahir Majeed Asim TI(M) PN Analyzing The Evolving Defence 2 Collaboration Between Pakistan and Russia 19 Major Tipoo Awan PA Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme 3 and Its Implications for Pakistan 31 Lt Cdr Usman Zafar TI(M) PN Emerging Regional Faultlines in Middle East 4 and Its Ramifications for Pakistan 41 Lt Cdr Muhammad Sumair Irshad PN Development of Coastal Tourism in Pakistan 5 Prospects & Way Forward 54 Lt Cdr Zahid Khan PN Impact of 2050 African Integrated Maritime 6 Strategy (Aims) on South African Navy 69 Commander Dieter Jones (South African Navy) Connecting Ships, Ports and People – 7 Challenges and Way Forward for Pakistan 80 Cdr Shahzad Aslam Syal PN BOOK REVIEWS Sea Power – The History and Geopolitics of 8 The World’s Oceans 88 Admiral (R) James Stavridis USN (United States Navy) Reviewed by Lt Cdr Tahir Majeed Asim TI(M) PN Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind 9 Yuval Noah Harari 92 Reviewed By Lt Cdr Asad Yaseen PN v Sr. # Title Page # India-Pakistan Nuclear Diplomacy – Constructivism and The Prospects for Nuclear 10 Arms Control and Disarmament in South Asia 95 Mario E Carranza Reviewed by Lt Cdr Mobeen Ul Haq PN A LEAF FROM HISTORY 11 Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbour- A Strategic 98 Mistake Capt. Umar Hayat PN Alumni Section Research at Pakistan Navy War College Gets 12 105 Global Accreditation vi IMPROVING HEALTH OF FISHING INDUSTRY TO REVIVE COUNTRY’S BLUE ECONOMY Lt Cdr Tahir Majeed Asim TI(M) PN* ABSTRACT Pakistan is blessed with 290,000 km2 of EEZ and continental shelf and its waters contain the world’s most diverse species of fish. However, in absence of a strategic vision, guidelines, lack of political will, non-coherent and conflicting interests of provinces, fishing industry of Pakistan is transiting through its lowest ebb. Ever increasing fishing fleet and use of banned nets has caused immense destruction in fisheries sector of the country. Moreover, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, destruction of mangroves forest, damage to ecosystem due rising pollution in Arabian Sea, non-adherence to policies and local/international fishing laws, unhygienic conditions at fish harbours, absence of stowage facilities for preservation of fish catch have further aggravated the challenges associated with fisheries sector of Pakistan. This research work discusses the challenges faced by Pakistan’s fishing industry and recommends a way forward to transform this industry into a cornerstone of country’s Blue Economy. Keywords: continental shelf, exclusive economic zone, strategic vision _______________________ *Lt Cdr Tahir Majeed Asim TI (M) was commissioned in Operations Branch of Pakistan Navy in 2002. He has done his Bachelors in Electronics Engineering from Pakistan Naval Engineering College (PNEC) and was awarded Chief of Naval Staff (CNS) Gold Medal for overall best performance in academics. The author has held various appointments: Flag Lieutenant to Commander Pakistan Fleet, Principal Warfare Officer (PWO) onboard PNS ZULFIQUAR, Commanding Officer onboard PNS ZARRAR, Executive Officer onboard PNS AZMAT. He has also done Master’s degree with distinction in Joint C4I Systems Technology and Master’s degree in Joint Information Operations from US. He is also a recipient of Tamgha-e-Imtiaz (Military). The officer is a graduate of 47th Pakistan Navy Staff Course (PNSC). His Individual Research Paper (IRP) was adjudged best amongst Pakistani Course Members of the 47th PNSC. This paper is an abridged version of author’s IRP. 1 INTRODUCTION Geographical location of Pakistan with more than 1000 km coastline along Arabian Sea, 240,000 km2 of exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and 50,000 km2 of continental shelf provides Pakistan significantly large maritime avenues for exploration. This includes but not limited to exploration of oil, gas & mineral reserves from sea, seabed & subsea soil mineral, marine & coastal tourism, seafaring community, coastal economy, development of port infrastructure to handle country’s seaborne trade, shipbuilding & shipbreaking industry and fisheries industry. Realization of this sector’s potential can benefit and expand the country’s Blue Economy.1 Among segments of Blue Economy, fisheries sector is currently contributing marginally towards national economy in terms of foreign exchange earnings. Besides, being the cheapest source of animal protein from variety of species found in country’s EEZ, fisheries also provides livelihood to thousands of people residing near Makran coast. Today Pakistan’s fishing industry has evolved into a fairly large fleet comprising of a variety of boats with varying sizes and fishing nets. Among many other factors, this increase in fishing fleet size has affected this industry on two fronts. On one hand, more people have been provided livelihood but at the same time, it has resulted in over-fishing and illegal sale of fish at sea. This has eradicated numerous fish species owing to over-fishing. Exports from this sector have been drastically reduced owing to ban imposed by European Union (EU) since 2007 on the pretext of unhygienic conditions onboard fishing vessels and fisheries auction yards and other unsanitary practices involved in fish processing plants. While battling with its existence and remaining engulfed with multifaceted problems, a total of 103,277 tonnes of fish and its value-added products were exported during 2016-17 (July-March) earning US $ 276.269 million as compared to 92,046 tonnes of exports worth US $ 240.038 million during 2015-16. Pakistan’s fish industry contributes less than 0.5% to the country’s GDP. On a comparative scale, other regional countries such as Bangladesh whose annual earnings from seafood exports totalled US $ 530 million in the year 2015-16 while contributing over 4.5% to country’s GDP, Pakistan seafood industry has a negligible contribution in country’s economy. It is imperative for Pakistan to fully exploit its 2 THE BEACON - PNWC Review (2017-2018) marine resources to earn a significant amount of foreign exchange reserve thereby improving the overall health of this sector, ensuring food security and respectable livelihood for those directly or indirectly involved in the fishing industry. Maritime Dimensions of Pakistan Pakistan is blessed with a coastline of more than 1000 km and rich marine resources including unexplored oil, gas and mineral reserves. Totalling an area of 290,000 km2, Pakistan’s exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and extended continental shelf are bigger than combined areas of the province of Punjab and Sindh and slightly less than the area of Balochistan. The coastal area of Pakistan is regarded as a complex system of rivers, inlets, mangroves, and contains world’s sixth largest river Indus flowing from Himalayas to the Arabian Sea.2 Pakistan’s marine fishery sector accounts for approximately 80% of the country’s total fish production.3 The marine fisheries sector of Pakistan remains a vital source of food and income for over a million people residing in the coastal areas and foreign exchange for the country.4 The coastal economy is largely dependent on fishing sector and remains a vibrant element of country’s economic arena. In general, Pakistani population is more dependent on chicken for animal protein as consumption of seafood is one of the worlds’ lowest in Pakistan with annual per capita intake of about 1.8 kg as compared to around 20 kg per capita in other parts of the world.5 Fishing Zones In order to regulate the overall fishing activity and facilitate the local fishermen, the Federal Government has delineated fishing in following three zones in its Deep Sea Fishing Policy 2009: • Zone – I. Zone – I start from internal waters and from baseline to 12 nautical miles (NM).
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