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Essex, DVM, Phd Celebration© Evelyn E NATIONAL VETERINARY LABORATORY P.O. Box 239, 1Tice Road Franklin Lakes, NJ 07417 877-NVL-LABS (877-685-5227) www.natvetlab.com NEWSLETTER Myron “Max” Essex, DVM, PhD Celebration© Evelyn E. Zuckerman, Editor Fall 2018 Vol. 17, Number 4 postdoctoral fellow. Dr. Klein and Dr. Old rest (28%) were neither infected nor immune, In This Issue: 2,3 A celebration symposium, occurred on thought that Max and I would be right for they just had not been exposed. Infected cats November 9, 2018 in Boston, to honor Max collaboration on the FeLV. After reading were at high risk of developing lymphosarcoma. Max’s excellent letter, I eagerly returned my Essex’s 46 years at Harvard, as the Mary Top: Healthy FeLV-infected cat Woodard Lasker Professor of Health Sciences positive reply. When Max returned to a normal chest in 9-11-1972. at Harvard University, Chair of the Harvard position at Harvard, we began our nine-year friendly and very productive research effort on School of Public Health AIDS Initiative (HAI) in the Department of Immunology and the FeLV. An important point to remember is Infectious Diseases, and Chair of the that in “those days” retroviruses of chickens Bottom: Large anterior mediastinal lymphosarcoma developed 3 Botswana–Harvard AIDS Institute in and mice were known (dogma) to be only transmitted vertically as integrated viral genes months later by Gaborone, Botswana. I was honored to have 12-6-1972. been asked to present the opening lecture, or as replicating virus in the egg and sperm and Surprisingly however, we found that more FeLV covering our early retrovirus collaboration, NOT contagiously. Our clinical association in infected pet cats died from FeLV-induced along with Evelyn Zuckerman, on the feline New York City was with the Henry Berg immunosuppression (secondary diseases) than leukemia virus (FeLV) from 1972 to 1981 with Memorial Hospital of from FeLV-induced neoplasia- leukemia, Max Essex’s group. In this Fall, 2018 NVL the ASPCA and the Animal Medical lymphosarcoma, or erythroid neoplasia.4,5 Newsletter, we will review the symposium of our friend Max’s outstanding research Center while Max’s accomplishments held in celebration of his clinical associate, Dr. pending retirement in 2019. We, as Susan Cotter, was an veterinarians, should take enormous pride in excellent clinician Max’s accomplishments for animals and and researcher at humans. Angell Memorial Animal Hospital in Boston. These three Drs. Cotter, Hardy & Essex metropolitan veterinary hospitals were the largest in the country and FeLV-immunosuppressive diseases: Upper: left- FIP, were ideal for our clinical epidemiological middle- pyothorax, right- URI; lower right- research of FeLV in pet cats. myeloblastopenia- leukopenias and anemia, middle- GI inflammation and right- FeLV antigens in the intestinal We developed an IFA test for detection of epithelial cells and Peyer’s patches. FeLV in the blood of cats which we then used for our collaborative epidemiological studies In 1976 we developed the FeLV Test and 1 Isolation Program to prevent the spread of FeLV of multiple cat households (MCHH). 6 1984 2018 among cats in MCHHs. In 1979-1980 our groups Max Essex reported the development of FeLV non-producer Myron “Max” Essex is Chair of the Harvard (FeLV-neg) lymphosarcomas in pet cats exposed AIDS Initiative (HAI), the Mary Woodard to FeLV.7,8 Lasker Professor of Health Sciences at Harvard University, and Chair of the Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership (BHP). He received FeLV negative WBCs FeLV positive WBCs his DVM degree at Michigan State University in 1967, his PhD at the University of FeLV+ lymphosarcoma FeLV - lymphosarcoma California, Davis in 1970, and was a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of For the 9-year collaboration, we published 40 Tumor Biology at the Karolinska Institute papers, 6 in Nature, 1 in Science, 1 in PNAS, 1 in School of Medicine in Stockholm with Dr. J. Virol., 41 others and numerous meeting Cat salivary glands: abstracts. We also appeared on the cover of the George Klein. FeLV – non-infected FeLV + Infected journal Cancer Research in 1984. Essex-Hardy FeLV Collaborative Research- These collaborative studies enabled us to 1972-1981 observe that FeLV is transmitted contagiously In 1971, while I was a postdoctoral fellow at among cats, mainly through the saliva, a Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, my paradigm change at that time.2 We were also mentor, Dr. Lloyd J Old met with Dr. George able to determine the outcomes of exposed cats Klein from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden. by longitudinal studies lasting 5 to 10 years. Upon Dr. Klein’s return to Sweden, I received Some cats became infected with FeLV (30%), a 3-page letter from Dr. Max Essex, his some became immune (42%) to FeLV, and the Max Essex, Bill Jarrett, Bill Hardy Our Collaboration Ends in 1982: In 1984, Essex identified gp120, the virus for all AIDS activities in During the late 1970s, many scientists thought surface protein that is used worldwide for blood Botswana. At that time, that infectious diseases caused by microbes, screening, HIV detection, and epidemiological former President Festus including viruses, no longer posed a threat in monitoring.11 Since 1986, he has developed Mogae acknowledged that industrialized countries. Scientists, even at programs for AIDS collaboration in Senegal, Botswana had one of the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Thailand, Botswana, India, Mexico, and China. highest HIV-infected believed that there were no viruses that caused In 1996, Essex helped establish the Botswana– populations in the world human cancers and that no retroviruses infected Harvard Partnership for HIV Research and and welcomed the help humans. Many virologists, that had the greatest Education (now the from Harvard. retrovirus expertise, turned their efforts toward Botswana–Harvard Festus Mogae, Former President of Botswana research on oncogenes- endogenous genes that AIDS Institute). This could be triggered into transforming cells into is a collaboration of The BHP is an NIH-funded Clinical Trials Unit site cancer cells. One stalwart researcher at the the Ministry of Health for various trial networks including the HIV NIH, Dr. Robert Gallo (co-discoverer of the in Botswana and HAI. Prevention Trials Network, AIDS Clinical Trials AIDS virus, HIV), persisted In 2007, the Harvard Group, the International Maternal Pediatric in the hunt for human T. H. Chan School of Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Group, and the Steve O’Brien, Essex & Hardy Public Health established HIV Vaccines Trial Network. cancer viruses. He was the nidus to bring together the Essex Fellowship for Students from Africa many of the animal in his honor. His recent research has focused on retrovirus researchers with the use of antiretroviral drugs for Treatment as his yearly lab meetings. Prevention (TasP) in adults. He and his team This was very important, as have conducted several breakthrough studies on Dr. Hardy and Dr. Gallo it fostered collaborations. the prevention of mother-to-infant transmission The search finally paid off with his discovery of of HIV.12-13 These studies have resulted in the human T-cell leukemia virus types 1 and 2 guideline recommendations used by the World (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2), the first of which was Health Organization (WHO) to reduce maternal Now, after 46 years at Harvard, Max will retire to shown to cause an unusual human T-cell transmission of HIV in developing countries. emeritus status. On this occasion, the Essex leukemia and neurological disease.9 Essex has published 678 research papers; more celebration symposium brought together dozens of than 40 have been in Science or Nature. He has Max’s doctoral students, postdocs and collaborators Max Essex’s HIV/AIDS Accomplishments: edited 11 books, including AIDS in from the US and Africa. Bob Gallo gave an The first recognized cases of AIDS were Africa and Emerging Infections in Asia (ISBN excellent summary lecture of Max’s reported by the CDC in the Morbidity and 0306466996). His most recent book, coauthored accomplishments. All of his former students and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) on June 5, 10 with AIDS activist and former Botswana collaborators could not praise Max enough for his 1981. By the time the AIDS epidemic hit, Supreme Court Justice, Unity Dow, Saturday Is guidance and thanked their mentor. His daughters retrovirologists saw FeLV, an animal model, as for Funerals (ISBN 0674050770), was each gave loving appreciative speeches to the a possible unknown retrovirus etiology for published in 2010. He has trained 27 doctoral assembled attendees. And as usual, Max took the AIDS. Essex and Robert Gallo and Luc students and 60 postdoctoral fellows. accolades in quiet appreciation, fitting the Harvard Montagnier hypothesized in 1982, that a tradition. Science and humanity will miss retrovirus was the likely cause of AIDS. For Research Associates: veterinarian, mentor, and humanitarian, Max Essex. this incite, the three eventually shared the 1986 Standing: We wish him a healthy and happy retirement, Lasker Award, the highest honor given for Evelyn Zuckerman although we are sure he will remain scientifically medical research in the U.S, the American 44 years of service productive. “Nobel Prize.” Evelyn Zuckerman and I were Seated: honored to have been asked to attend the Lasker Left Mary Fran References: McLane 53 years of Award ceremony. Max was the first, of now 1. Hardy, W.D., Jr., Hirshaut, Y., and Hess, P. Detection of the feline two, veterinarians to receive a Lasker Award. service, and leukemia virus and other mammalian oncornaviruses by immunofluorescence. Dr. Ann Sliski. Vth International Leukemia Symposium. Padova, Italy. September 1971. The second recipient, Dr. John Glen, a Scottish Bibl. Haemat. Vol. 39, Karger, Basel/New York, pp. 778-779, 1973. veterinarian, received the recent 2018 award for 2. Hardy, WD, Jr., Old, LJ, Hess, PW, Essex, M & Cotter, S.: Horizontal transmission of feline leukemia virus.
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