Stormwater Management and Erosion Control Checklist
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Effects of Stormwater Runoff from Development by Robert Pitt, P.E
A River Network Publication Volume 14 | Number 3 - 2004 Effects of Stormwater Runoff from Development By Robert Pitt, P.E. Ph.D., University of Alabama ost people know that urban runoff is a problem, but very few realize just how harmful it can be for rivers, lakes and streams. In order to secure better control of urban runoff, we must make the public and its officials aware of the full extent of the problems that need to be prevented when new M development takes place. Urban runoff has been found to cause significant impacts on aquatic life. The effects are obviously most severe for waters draining heavily urbanized watersheds. However, some studies have shown important aquatic life impacts even for streams in watersheds that are less than ten percent urbanized. Most aquatic life impacts associated with urbanization are probably related to long- term problems caused by polluted sediments and food web disruption. Because ecological responses to watershed changes may take between 5 and 10 years to equilibrate, water monitoring conducted soon after disturbances or mitigation may not accurately reflect the long-term conditions that will eventually occur. The first changes due to urbanization will be to stream and groundwater hydrology, followed by fluvial morphology, then water quality, and finally the aquatic ecosystem. Effects of Stormwater Discharges on Aquatic Life Many studies have shown the severe detrimental effects of urban runoff on water Photo courtesy of Dr. Pitt organisms. These studies have generally examined receiving water conditions above and below a city, or by comparing two parallel streams, one urbanized and another nonurbanized. -
Lesson 4: Sediment Deposition and River Structures
LESSON 4: SEDIMENT DEPOSITION AND RIVER STRUCTURES ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What combination of factors both natural and manmade is necessary for healthy river restoration and how does this enhance the sustainability of natural and human communities? GUIDING QUESTION: As rivers age and slow they deposit sediment and form sediment structures, how are sediments and sediment structures important to the river ecosystem? OVERVIEW: The focus of this lesson is the deposition and erosional effects of slow-moving water in low gradient areas. These “mature rivers” with decreasing gradient result in the settling and deposition of sediments and the formation sediment structures. The river’s fast-flowing zone, the thalweg, causes erosion of the river banks forming cliffs called cut-banks. On slower inside turns, sediment is deposited as point-bars. Where the gradient is particularly level, the river will branch into many separate channels that weave in and out, leaving gravel bar islands. Where two meanders meet, the river will straighten, leaving oxbow lakes in the former meander bends. TIME: One class period MATERIALS: . Lesson 4- Sediment Deposition and River Structures.pptx . Lesson 4a- Sediment Deposition and River Structures.pdf . StreamTable.pptx . StreamTable.pdf . Mass Wasting and Flash Floods.pptx . Mass Wasting and Flash Floods.pdf . Stream Table . Sand . Reflection Journal Pages (printable handout) . Vocabulary Notes (printable handout) PROCEDURE: 1. Review Essential Question and introduce Guiding Question. 2. Hand out first Reflection Journal page and have students take a minute to consider and respond to the questions then discuss responses and questions generated. 3. Handout and go over the Vocabulary Notes. Students will define the vocabulary words as they watch the PowerPoint Lesson. -
Sandbridge Beach FONSI
FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT Issuance of a Negotiated Agreement for Use of Outer Continental Shelf Sand from Sandbridge Shoal in the Sandbridge Beach Erosion Control and Hurricane Protection Project Virginia Beach, Virginia Pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), Council on Environmental Quality regulations implementing NEPA (40 CFR 1500-1508) and Department of the Interior (DOI) regulations implementing NEPA (43 CFR 46), the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) prepared an environmental assessment (EA) to determine whether the issuance of a negotiated agreement for the use of Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) sand from Sandbridge Shoal Borrow Areas A and B for the Sandbridge Beach Erosion Control and Hurricane Protection Project near Virginia Beach, VA would have a significant effect on the human environment and whether an environmental impact statement (EIS) should be prepared. Several NEPA documents evaluating impacts of the project have been previously prepared by both the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and BOEM. The USACE described the affected environment, evaluated potential environmental impacts (initial construction and nourishment events), and considered alternatives to the proposed action in a 2009 EA. This EA was subsequently updated and adopted by BOEM in 2012 in association with the most recent 2013 Sandbridge nourishment effort (BOEM 2012). Prior to this, BOEM (previously Minerals Management Service [MMS]) was a cooperating agency on several EAs for previous projects (MMS 1997; MMS 2001; MMS 2006). This current EA, prepared by BOEM, supplements and summarizes the aforementioned 2012 analysis. BOEM has reviewed all prior analyses, supplemented additional information as needed, and determined that the potential impacts of the current proposed action have been adequately addressed. -
Stormwater Management Regulations
City of Waco Stormwater Management Regulations 1.0 Applicability: These regulations apply to all development within the limits of the City of Waco as well as to any subdivisions within the extra territorial jurisdiction of the City of Waco. Any request for a variance from these regulations must be justified by sound Engineering practice. Other than those variances identified in these regulations as being at the discretion of the City Engineer, variances may only be granted as provided in the Subdivision Ordinance of the City of Waco or Chapter 28 – Zoning, of the Code of Ordinances of the City of Waco, as applicable. 1.1 Definitions: 100 year Floodplain Area inundated by the flood having a one percent chance of being exceeded in any one year (Base Flood). (Also known as Regulatory Flood Plain) Adverse Impact: Any impact which causes any of the following: Any increased inundation, of any building structure, roadway, or improvement. Any increase in erosion and/or sedimentation. Any increase in the upstream or downstream floodplane level. Any increase in the upstream or downstream floodplain boundaries. Floodplane The calculated elevation of floodwaters caused by the flood Elevation of a particular frequency. Drainage System System made up of pipes, ditches, streets and other structures designed to contain and transport surface water generated by a storm event. Treatment Removal/partial removal of pollutants from stormwater. Watercourse a natural or manmade channel, ditch, or swale where water flows either continuously or during rainfall events 1.2 Adverse Impact No preliminary or final plat or development plan or permit shall be approved that will cause an adverse drainage impact on any other property, based on the 2 yr, 10 1 yr, 25 yr and 100 yr floods. -
Classifying Rivers - Three Stages of River Development
Classifying Rivers - Three Stages of River Development River Characteristics - Sediment Transport - River Velocity - Terminology The illustrations below represent the 3 general classifications into which rivers are placed according to specific characteristics. These categories are: Youthful, Mature and Old Age. A Rejuvenated River, one with a gradient that is raised by the earth's movement, can be an old age river that returns to a Youthful State, and which repeats the cycle of stages once again. A brief overview of each stage of river development begins after the images. A list of pertinent vocabulary appears at the bottom of this document. You may wish to consult it so that you will be aware of terminology used in the descriptive text that follows. Characteristics found in the 3 Stages of River Development: L. Immoor 2006 Geoteach.com 1 Youthful River: Perhaps the most dynamic of all rivers is a Youthful River. Rafters seeking an exciting ride will surely gravitate towards a young river for their recreational thrills. Characteristically youthful rivers are found at higher elevations, in mountainous areas, where the slope of the land is steeper. Water that flows over such a landscape will flow very fast. Youthful rivers can be a tributary of a larger and older river, hundreds of miles away and, in fact, they may be close to the headwaters (the beginning) of that larger river. Upon observation of a Youthful River, here is what one might see: 1. The river flowing down a steep gradient (slope). 2. The channel is deeper than it is wide and V-shaped due to downcutting rather than lateral (side-to-side) erosion. -
What Is Soil Erosion? Soil Erosion by Wind Or Water Is the Physical Wearing Away of the Soil Surface
Do you have a problem with: • Low yields • Time & expense to repair and gullies • Small rills and channels in your fields • Soil deposited at the base of slopes or along fence lines • Sediment in streams, lakes, and reservoirs Soil Erosion May be the Problem! Erosion from cropland What is soil erosion? Soil erosion by wind or water is the physical wearing away of the soil surface. Soil material and nutrients are removed in the process. Why be concerned? • Erosion reduces crop yields • Erosion removes topsoil, reduces soil organic matter, and destroys soil structure Signs of Erosion – Sediment entering river • Erosion decreases rooting depth • Erosion decreases the amount of water, air, and nutrients available to plants • Nutrients and sediment removed by water erosion cause water quality problems and fish kills • Blowing dust from wind erosion can affect human health and create public safety hazards • Increased production costs Erosion removes our richest soil. How much does it cost? • Technical assistance to assess and plan erosion control systems from NRCS is free • No till and mulch till may require special tillage equipment or planters if this equipment is not al- ready available • Vegetative barriers may cost $50-$100 per mile of barrier • Cover crops may cost between $10 and $40 per acre depending on the type of seed used Controlling Soil Erosion Signs of Erosion – Small rills and channels on the soil Dust clouds & “dirt devils” such as the one pictured surface are a sign of water erosion here are signs of wind erosion. How to Reduce Erosion: The key to reducing is erosion is to keep the soil covered as much as possible for both wind and water ero- sion concerns. -
4.3 Water Has a Major Role in Shaping the Earth's Surface. Enduring
4.3 Water has a major role in shaping the Earth’s surface. Enduring Understanding(s) Essential Questions (A) Water has a major role in shaping • How does water affect the Earth’s the Earth’s surface. surface? (B) Water moves in a predictable cycle. • Where does water come from? Where does it go? GRADE-LEVEL EXPECTATIONS: 1. Water is continuously moving between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere in a process called the water cycle. Water evaporates from the surface of the earth, rises into the air and cools, condenses, collects in clouds, and falls again to the surface as precipitation. The energy that causes the water cycle comes from the sun. 2. Most precipitation that falls to Earth goes directly into oceans. Some precipitation falls on land and accumulates in lakes and ponds or moves across the land. Rain or snowmelt in high elevations flows downhill in many streams which collect in lower elevations to form a river that flows downhill to an ocean. 3. Water moving across the earth in streams and rivers pushes along soil and breaks down pieces of rock in a process called erosion. The moving water carries away rock and soil from some areas and deposits them in other areas, creating new landforms or changing the course of a stream or river. 4. The amount of erosion in an area, and the type of earth material that is moved, are affected by the amount of moving water, the speed of the moving water, and by how much vegetation covers the area. 5. Rivers carve out valleys as they move between mountains or hills. -
2013 Stormwater Status Report
2013 Fairfax County � STORMWATER STATUS REPORT � A Fairfax County, Va., publication � June 2014 � Photos on cover (from top left): Fish sampling; Wolftrap Creek stream restoration in Vienna, VA; Fish – small mouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) at Water Quality Field Day; Sampling station being serviced — Occoquan; Water Quality Field Day – Woodley Hills School; Tree planting; Stormwater Management Pond – Noman M. Cole, Jr., Pollution Control Plant. (photo credit Fairfax County) i Report prepared and compiled by: Stormwater Planning Division Department of Public Works and Environmental Services Fairfax County, Virginia 22035 703-324-5500, TTY 711 www.fairfaxcounty.gov/dpwes/stormwater June 2014 To request this information in an alternate format call 703-324-5500, TTY 711. Fairfax County is committed to nondiscrimination on the basis of disability in all county programs, services and activities. Reasonable accommodations will be provided upon request. For information, call 703-324-5500, TTY 711. ii This page was intentionally left blank. iii iv Table of Contents Table of Contents .............................................................................................................................. iv List of Figures ......................................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgments -
Problems and Solutions for Managing Urban Stormwater Runoff
Rained Out: Problems and Solutions for Managing Urban Stormwater Runoff Roopika Subramanian* The Clean Water Rule was the latest attempt by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Army Corps of Engineers to define “waters of the United States” under the Clean Water Act. While both politics and scholarship around this issue have typically centered on the jurisdictional status of rural waters, like ephemeral streams and vernal pools, the final Rule raised a less discussed issue of the jurisdictional status of urban waters. What was striking about the Rule’s exemption of “stormwater control features” was not that it introduced this urban issue, but that it highlighted the more general challenges of regulating stormwater runoff under the Clean Water Act, particularly the difficulty of incentivizing multibenefit land use management given the Act’s focus on pollution control. In this Note, I argue that urban stormwater runoff is more than a pollution-control problem. Its management also dramatically affects the intensity of urban water flow and floods, local groundwater recharge, and ecosystem health. In light of these impacts on communities and watersheds, I argue that the Clean Water Act, with its present limited pollution- control goal, is an inadequate regulatory driver to address multiple stormwater-management goals. I recommend advancing green infrastructure as a multibenefit solution and suggest that the best approach to accelerate its adoption is to develop decision-support tools for local government agencies to collaborate on green infrastructure projects. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 422 I. Urban Stormwater Runoff .................................................................... 424 A. Urban Stormwater Runoff: Multiple Challenges ........................... 425 B. Urban Stormwater Infrastructure Built to Drain: Local Responses to Urban Flooding ....................................................... -
Stormwater from Kc to the Sea
stormwater from kc to the sea A 5-day Workshop for Students in the 4th - 6th Grades TEACHER’S GUIDE contents introduction 1 day one : It’s an Event 3 learning objectives 4 background 5 procedure 6 discussion questions 7 day two : Dangerous Travel 13 learning objectives 14 background 15 procedure 16 discussion questions 19 day three : Cleaning up (our Water) Act 21 learning objectives 22 background 23 procedure 26 discussion questions 27 day four : Those Traveling Stormwater Teams 29 learning objectives 30 background 31 procedure 32 discussion questions 33 day five : Walking the Talk 35 learning objectives 36 background 37 procedure 38 discussion questions 39 vocabulary 40 stormwater ~ from kc to the sea introduction The Water Services Department of Kansas City, Missouri believes good water quality is everybody’s business. The agency is providing this curriculum for students, and ultimately their parents and the community, to become aware of one aspect of our City’s water – the treatment of stormwater. This guide addresses that topic and is aligned with Common Core State Standards and New Generation Science Standards for students in the 4th and 5th grades. We see that 6th grade standards would be more advanced yet similar should 6th grade instructors wish to use this curriculum.Through five interactive and fun days, students will learn how precipitation moves through the watershed and how to measure rainfall amounts; they will learn to demonstrate how water becomes polluted and determine how best management practices (BMPs) improve the quality and quantity of our water; they will also locate current BMPs in their community, design the ideal street, and create a public service announcement, brochure or poster that persuades people to follow BMPs in their treatment of this valuable resource. -
A Practical Guide to Implementing Integrated Water Resources Management and the Role for Green Infrastructure”, J
A Practical Guide to Implementing Integrated Water Resources Management & the Role of Green Infrastructure Prepared for: Prepared for: Funded by: Prepared by: May 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Environmental Consulting & Technology, Inc. (ECT), wishes to extend our sincere appreciation to the individuals whose work and contributions made this project possible. First of all, thanks are due to the Great Lakes Protection Fund for funding this project. At Great Lakes Commission, thanks are due to John Jackson for project oversight and valuable guidance, and to Victoria Pebbles for administrative guidance. At ECT, thanks are due to Sanjiv Sinha, Ph.D., for numerous suggestions that helped improve this report. Many other experts also contributed their time, efforts, and talent toward the preparation of this report. The project team acknowledges the contributions of each of the following, and thanks them for their efforts: Bill Christiansen, Alliance for Water Efficiency James Etienne, Grand River Conservation Christine Zimmer, Credit Valley Conservation Authority Authority Cassie Corrigan, Credit Valley Conservation Melissa Soline, Great Lakes & St. Lawrence Authority Cities Initiative Wayne Galliher, City of Guelph Clifford Maynes, Green Communities Canada Steve Gombos, Region of Waterloo Connie Sims – Office of Oakland County Water Julia Parzens, Urban Sustainability Directors Resources Commissioner Network Dendra Best, Wastewater Education For purposes of citation of this report, please use the following: “A Practical Guide to Implementing -
The Causes of Urban Stormwater Pollution
THE CAUSES OF URBAN STORMWATER POLLUTION Some Things To Think About Runoff pollution occurs every time rain or snowmelt flows across the ground and picks up contaminants. It occurs on farms or other agricultural sites, where the water carries away fertilizers, pesticides, and sediment from cropland or pastureland. It occurs during forestry operations (particularly along timber roads), where the water carries away sediment, and the nutrients and other materials associated with that sediment, from land which no longer has enough living vegetation to hold soil in place. This information, however, focuses on runoff pollution from developed areas, which occurs when stormwater carries away a wide variety of contaminants as it runs across rooftops, roads, parking lots, baseball diamonds, construction sites, golf courses, lawns, and other surfaces in our City. The oily sheen on rainwater in roadside gutters is but one common example of urban runoff pollution. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) now considers pollution from all diffuse sources, including urban stormwater pollution, to be the most important source of contamination in our nation's waters. 1 While polluted runoff from agricultural sources may be an even more important source of water pollution than urban runoff, urban runoff is still a critical source of contamination, particularly for waters near cities -- and thus near most people. EPA ranks urban runoff and storm-sewer discharges as the second most prevalent source of water quality impairment in our nation's estuaries, and the fourth most prevalent source of impairment of our lakes. Most of the U.S. population lives in urban and coastal areas where the water resources are highly vulnerable to and are often severely degraded by urban runoff.