<<

I

NUCLEAR PSYCHOLOGY: A PRELIMINARY BIBLIOGRAPHY Bernard M. Kramer

with the assistance of

Catherine Girrier, Wendy Barrett, and Janice Chiaratto

CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 *uiiIIIllliluum unIMMuMEEEEEm Emiinn C/85-5

NUCLEAR PSYCHOLOGY: A PRELIMINARY BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bernard M. Kramer Department of Psychology University of Massachusetts/Boston

with the assistance of

Catherine Girrier Department of Political Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Wendy Barrett Psychology Department University of Massachusetts/Boston

Janice Chiaratto Political Science Department University of Massachusetts/Boston

Defense and Arms Control Studies Program Center for International Studies Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Mass. 02139

and

The William Joiner Center for the Study of War and Social Consequences University of Massachusetts/Boston Dorchester, Mass. 02125

August 1985

(Additional copies may be obtained by contacting Bernard M. Kramer, Psychology Department, University of Massachusetts/Boston, Dorchester, Mass. 02125)

NUCLEAR PSYCHOLOGY: A PRELIMINARY BIBLIOGRAPHY by Bernard M. Kramer, Professor of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston with the assistance of Catherine Girrier, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Wendy Barrett, and Janice Chiaratto, University of Massachusetts Boston

Abrams, L. (1973). Commitment: Public pr otest as a determinant of attitudes con cerning U.S. defense pol icy and political dissent. Psychological Reports, 32, 251-254. Abt,C.C., (September 1965) National opinion and military security: Research problems. Journal of Confl ict Resolution, 9, 334-44.

Adams, W.C., Smith, D.J., Salzman, A., Crossen, R., Hieber, S. (1984, May). Before and after "The day after" :A nati onwide survey of a mo vie's political impact. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association , San Francisco, CA. Adelson, J. and Finn, C.E. (1985). Terrorizing Children. Commentary, 79(4), 29-36.

Agnew, H.M. (1977). Plan to lessen suspicions. Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, 33(3), 6-7.

Albert, D.H. (1985). People's power: Applying nonviolence theory in the nuclear age. Philadelphia : New Society Education Foundation. Alfven,H. (1981). Human IQ vs nuclear IQ. Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, 37(1 ), 4-5.

Alger, C.F. (1965). Decis ion making theory and human conflict. In E.B. McNeil (Ed.), The na ture of human conflict (pp. 274-292). Englewood Cliffs , NJ: Prentice Hal 1.

Allen, B.P. (in press). After missiles: Sociopsychological effects of nuclear war. American Psychologist.

Allen, J. (1984). Averting world war III: An interview with Morton Deutsch. New ideas in psychology, 2, 189-199. Allison, G.T. (1971). Essence of decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. Boston, MA: Little, Brown.

Almond, G.A. (1968). Public opinion and the development of space technol ogy: 1957-60. In R.L. Merritt & D.J. Puchala (Eds.), Western Europea i perspectives on international affairs: Public opinion studies and evaluations (pp.86-110). New York: Praeger. Almond, G.A. (1973). The public's impact on foreign policy. publisher? Almond, G.A. (1983). Nuclear fear shall make us free. Human Rights, 11(1 ), 22. 2

Altman, J.W., Smith, R.W., Meyer, R.L., Mckenna, F.S., and Bryson, S. (1960). Psychological and social adjustment in a simulated shelter: A research report. American Institute for Research. (Reprint by Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization.).

Andreas, C. (1969). War toys and the . Journal of Social Issues, 25(1), 83-99.

Arbatov, G. (1982a ). The strategy of nuclear madness. Co-Existence 18(2), 162-17 4. Arbatov, G. (1982b ). A Soviet commentary. In A.M. Cox (Ed.), Russian roulet te: The superpower game (pp. 173-179). New York: Time Books.

Arbatov, G. (1983). The Soviet viewpoint. New York: Dodd Mead and Co. Archibald, K. (Ed.). (1966). Strategic interaction and conflict. Berkley, CA: University of California Press. Arnett, R.L. (1979). Soviet attitudes towards nuclear war: Do they really think that they can win? Journal of Strategic Studies , 2, 172-191. Awakening in the Nuclear Age Journal, (1985). Issue 9, Winter.

Axelrod, R. (1967). The structure of public opinion on policy issues. Public Opinion Quarterly, 31, 51-60.

Axlerod, R. (Ed.).(1976). Structure of decision. NJ: Princeton University Press. Bagby, R., Michal and Schuller, D. (1984) . A reply to "Psychol ogy and nuclearism." Ontario Psychologist, 16(1 ), 9-10. Bakan, D. (1982). The interface between war and the social sciences. Journal of Humanis tic Psychology, 22, 5-18. Baker, G.W., Rohrer, J. H. (Eds.).(1960). Human problems in the utilization of fal lout shelters. Washington, DC: National Academy of Science - National Research Council.

Ballard, S.C., Brosz, A.R. and Parker, L.B. (1981). Social science and social pol icy - Roles of the appl ied researcher . Policy Studies, 179-188. Bandura, A. (1979). Psychological mechanisms of aggression. In VonCranac h, M., Foppa, K., Lepenies, W., Ploog, D. (Eds.), Human Ethology: Claims and Limits of a New Discipline. (pp.301-3 15). Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.

Barash, D.P., Lipton, J.E. (1982). Psychology: Thinking and not thinking about the unthinkable. In Stop _Nuclear War: A Handb ook, (214-239), NY:Grove Press. Barghoorn, F. (1950). The soviet image of the : A study of distortion. New York: Harcourt Brace. 3

Bargman, A. (1967). Study of test ban and disarmament conferences: A review. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 11, 223-234. Barnaby, F. (1981). Social and economic reverberations of military research, Impact of Science on Society, 31(1), 73-83. Barnet, R.J. (1972). The roots of war. New York: Antheneum. Barnet, R.J. (1982a). Teaching peace. Teachers College Record, 84(1), 30-37. Barnet, R.J. (1982b). Fantasy, reality and the arms race: Dilemmas of national security and human survival. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52(4), 582-589.

Bass, G., Jenkins, B., Kel len, K., Krofchee,J., Petty, G., Reinsten, R., Ronfeldt, D. (1981). Motivations and possible actions of potential criminal adversaries of United-States nuclear programs. Nuclear Safety, 22(1), 21-25. Bates, D.G. (1983). International physicians group attacks illusions of nuclear war. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 129(4), 369-371.

Baugh, W.H. (1977). Response to sudden shifts in a two-nation arms race. Behavioral Science, 22(2), 69-86.

Beardslee, W.R. , & Mack, J.E. (1982). The impact on children and adolescent s of nuclear development. In Psycholog ical Aspects of nuclear development, (Task force report #20, pp. 64-93). Washington ,DC: American Psychiatric Association. Beardslee, W.R., & Mack, J.E. (1983). Adol escents and the threat of nuclear war - the evolution of a perspective. Yale Journal of Biology, 56(2), 79-91. Behavioral Sciences Tap e Library. (1974). Arms con trol attitudes: Three theoretical perspe ctives. c/o Sigma Informati on, Inc., 240 Grand Avenue, Leonia, N. J. (201-947-4154). Behr, R.L. and Iyengar, S. (1985). Television news, real-world cues, and changes in the public agenda. Public Opinion Quarterly, 49, 38-57. Bennett, P.G., Dando, M.R. (1983). The arms race: Is it just a mistake? New Scientist, Feb 17, 432-435. Berkun, M.M., Timi ras, P.S., Pace, N. (1958). Psychological and physiological responses in observers of an atomic test shot. Psychological Reports, 4, 679-682.

Berman, S. (1983). A break in the silence: Raising nuclear issues in the schools. Social Education, 47(7), 501-503, 556. 4

Bernard, V.W., Ottenberg, P., and Redl, F. (1965). Dehumanizati on: A composite psychological defense in relation to modern war. In Schwebel, M. (Ed.), Behavioral Science and Human Survival, (64-82), Palo Alto CA: Behavioral Science Press.

Bernard, V.W., Davidson, W.D. , Frank, J., & Ruin a, J.P. (1 972, September ). Human behavi or and the nuclear arms race. Paper presented at the 22nd Pugwash Conference, 0xford. Bernert, E.H., and Ikle, F.C. (1952). Evacuation and the cohesion of urban groups. American Journal of Sociology, 58, 133-138. Berrien, F.K., Schulman, C., & Amarel, M. (1963). The fallout-shelter owners: A study of attitude formation. Public Opinion Quarterly, 27, 206-215.

Beussee, M.P. Ahearn, T.R., & Hammes, J.A. (1970). Intros pective reports of large groups experimen tally confine d in an austere environment. Journal of Clinical Psych ology, 26(2), 240-244. Bhatia, S. (1977). Beyond proliferation - Political fears and scientific hopes and nuclear debate. Round Table, 1977(268), 325-336. Bialer, S. (1983, May 8). The Soviets really need their nukes. Washington Post, p. Bl. Blain, B.G. , & Brewer, G. D. (1977). Management of nuclear force: To err is human. New Haven, CT: Yale University, School of Organization and Management. Blechman, B.M. (1982). Do negotiated arms limitations have a future? In J. Reichar t & S. Sturm (Eds.), American Defense Policy (5th. ed. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press. Blight, J.G. (1984). How might psychology contribute to reducing the risk of nuclear war? Center for Science and International Affaires, Harvard University. Bloom, J.B. (1985, May). Women and war: A feminist perspective. Paper presented at the Massachusetts Psychological Association, Cambri dge, MA. Bloomfield, L.P. (1978). Public opinion and U.S. Foreign policy: Conventional wisdom revised. Cambridge, MA: Center for International Studies, MIT.

Blumenfeld, W.S., Franklin, R.D., & Memmers, H.H. (1962). Youth's atti tudes towards civil defense, fallout shelters and homework. Purdue Opinion Panel Poll, report #65, p. 39.

Bogardus, E. S. (1956). Social implications of atomic energy, Sociology and Social Research, 40, 190-196. Bogart, L. (1972). Silent politics: Polls and the awareness of public opinion. New York: Wiley - Interscience. 5

Bonham, G.M. (1971). Simulating international disarmament negotiations. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 15(3), 299-315. Boone, R., Cobb, N., Friedman, R., Lodwig, N., Marshall, M., and McCauley, K. (1983, January). Psychological effects of nuclear developments. California State Psychological Association Task Force on Psychologists for Social Responsibility. Booth, A. (1978). Atomic bombs and human beings. International Social Science Journal, 30(2), 377-392.

Borden, P.A., Finen, J.L., Hochstim, J.R., McFann, H.H. , and Schwartz, S.G. (1963). Desert Rock I: A psychol ogical study of troop reactions to an atomic explosio n.(Report No. 1) Human Resources Research Crganization Techn ical Report. Boserup, A. (1982). Deterrence and defense. Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, 38(1), 20-24. Boucher, N. (1983, Sept). Learning peace. The Atlantic, pp. 12-20.

Boulding, E. (1965). Who are these women? A progres s report on a study of the "Women strike for peace." In Schwebel, M.,(Ed.) Behavioral Science and Human Survival, Pal to Alto, CA: Beh avioral Science Press, 185-200. Boulding, E. (1967) . Study of conflict and community in the international system: Summary and challenges to research. Journal of Social Issues, 23, 144-58.

Boulding, E., Passmore, J.R. and Gassler, R.S. (1979). Bibliography on world conflict and peace. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Boulding, K.E. (1959). National images and international systems. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 3, 120-131. Boulding, K.E. (1967). The role of the war industry in international conflict. Journal of Social Issues, 23(1), 47-61. Bourne, P.G., Coli, W.M., and Datel, W.E. (1968). Affect levels of ten special forces soldiers under threat of attack. Psychological Reports, 22(2) ,363-366.

Braithwaite, V.A., & Law, H.G. (1977). The structure of attitudes to doomsday issues. Australian Psychologist, 12(2), 167-174. Branch, C.H. (1968). Challenge for the Mental Health Association. Mental Hygiene, 52(4) :483-486. Braude, T. (1985). The project on the present danger: Empowering the public with information. Awakening in the Nuclear Age, 9 Winter, 29.

Brehmer ,B. (1980). In a word: Not from experience. Acta Psychologica, 45 (1-3), 223-241. 6

Brewer, G.D., & Blair, B.G. (1979). War games and national security with a grain of SALT. The Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, 35(6), 18-26.

Britten, S. (1982). Strategic decision making. Science and Public Pol icy, April, 71-80.

Britten, S. (1983). Bias in risk assessment and skew in risk taking. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 36(A4-A5).

Bromet, E., Schulbars, H.C. and Dunn, L. (1982). Reactions of psychiatric patients to the three mile island nuclear accident. Archives of Gen eral Psychiatry, 39V(6),3 72/ -730u. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1961). The mirror image i n Soviet-American relations: A social-psychologist's report. Journal of Social Issues, 17(3), 45-56.

Brooks, F.R. , Bal son, P.M., Ebner, D.G. , and Xenakis,, S.N. (1983). Psychologica 1 reactions durin g chemical warfare training. U.S. Army, 148(3), 232- 235.

Brosin, H.W. (1967). Introduction: Transition without precedent. Current Psychiatric Therapies, 7, 1-6

Broughton, J.M. & Zahaykevich, M. K. (1982). The peace movement threat. Teachers College Record, 84(1 ),I 152-173.

Brown, H. (1982). Nuclear war and journalism. Fortune, 105(3), 19-20. Brown, H. (1983). Domestic consensus and nuclear deterrence. In Defense and con sensus: The domestic aspects of western security, part II. Adel phi paper, #183.

Buchanan, W., & Cantril, H. (1953). How nations see each other: A study in publi c opinion. Urba na 11: University of Illinois Press. Buck, L.A. (1984). Nonviolence and Satyagratia in Attenborough's "Gandhi." Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 24(3), 130-141. Bugard, P. (1977 ). Psychologi cal and social - factors of pathology in nuclear environment. Arch Mal Pr, 38(10), 943-946. (French).

Bundy, M. (1982). The missed chance to stop the H-bomb. New York Review of Books, 25(8), p. 13.

Burns, R.D. (1977). Arms control and disarmamen t debates and public opinion. In R.D. Burns (Ed.), Arms Control and Disarmament: A bibliography. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC Clio, Inc.

Buttner, C. (1983). Children's war fantasies. Journal of Psycho- history, 10(4), 491-510.

Butterfield, F. (1982, July 11). Anatomy of a nuclear protest. New York Times, pp. 14, 17, 32, 34, 38-39. 7

Calder, N. (1981). Nuclear Nightmares. New York: Penguin Books. Caldicott, H. (1978). Nuclear madness: What can you do? Brookline, MA: Autumn Press.

Campbell, J.T. and Cain, L.S. (1965). Public opinion and the outbreak of war. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 9, 318-333. Cantril, H. (1967). The human dimension: Experiences in policy research. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. Cantril, A.H., & Roll,, C.W., Jr. (1971). Hopes and fears of the American people. New York: Universe Books. Carey, M.J. (1982, January). Psychological fallout. The Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, pp. 20-24. Carlin, D.R. (1982). Civil disobedience, self righteousness and the antinuclear movement. America, 147, 152-154. Carson, D.I. (1982). Nuclear weapons and secrecy. In Psychosocial aspects of nuclear developments, (Task force report #20), Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Carstairs, G.M. (1980). The prospects for human survival. Samiksa, 34( 3), 77-89. . Caspary, W. (1970). The 'mood' theory: A study of public opinion and foreign policy. American Political Science Review, 64, 536-547. Cassel, C.K. (1983). War, peace and professional responsibility. Social Science and Medicine, 17(6), 1199-1203. Cazeneuve, J. (1 949). Psychology of the warrior. Egyptian Journal of Psychology, 5(1), 69-85.

Chafe'i , A.M. (1949). Voluntary control of war and peace. Egyptian Journal of Psychology, 5(1), 123-128. Chandler, R. (1972). Public opinion: Changing attitudes on contemporary political and social issues. New York: Bowker. Chantelo, R.E. (1970). Hawks and doves - Analysis of a Catholic attitude toward nuclear war. Social Analysis, 31(1), 23-35.

Chazov, E.I ., and Vartanian, M.E. (1982). Efffects on human behavior. Ambio, 11 , 158-160. Chisholm, R.F. and Kasl, S.V. (1982). The effects of work site, super- visi ng status, and job function on nuclear workers responses to the three mile island accident. Journal of Occupation Behavior, 3(1) , 39-62. Chilstrom, G.A. (1984). Psychological aspects of the nuclear arms race, 24(3) , 39-54. 8

Chivian, E., Snow, R. (1985, May). What soviet, British and American children are sayi ng about nuclear weapons and each other. Paper presented at t he Massachusetts Psychological Association, Cambridge, MA.

Chivian, E. (1983). Adverse effects on children. In S. Farrown and A. Whown (eds.), The Human Cost of nuclear war: medical campaign against nuclear weapons, 105-118.

Christiansen, B. (1959). Attitudes toward foreign affairs as a function of personality. Oslo: Oslo University Press.

Churcher, J. (1982). Living with the bomb. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 35, Al-A58.

Churcher, J. Gleisner , J Lieven, E., and Pushkin, R. (1982). Nuclear war and civil defense: Some psychological and social implications. Paper presented at SANA Annual Conference.

Churcher, J., & Lieven, E. (1983). Images of nuclear war and the public in British Civil Defense. Journal of Social Issues, 39(1 ), 117-132.

Cioffi-Revilla, C. (1983). A probability model of credibility: Analyzing strategic nuclear deterrence systems. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 27(1), 73-108.

Clark, R.A. (1966). Psychiatrists and psychoanalysts on war. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 44(3), 363-370.

Cleveland, S.E., Boyd, I ., q Sheer, D., and Reitman, E.E. (1963). Effects of fallout shelter con finement on family adjustment . Archives of General Psychiatry, 8, 38-46.

Cloud, K., Deegan, Er A Evans, A., Hayat, I., Signer, B. (1984). Water- melons not war: A support book for parenting in the nuclear age. Philadelphia: New Society Educational Foundation.

Clymer, A. (1982, May 6). Nuclear issue yields run on pollsters. New York Times, sec II, p. 14. Cockburn, A. (1983). Graphic evidence of nuclear confusion. Columbus Journal, 22(1 ), 38-41. Cohen, B.C. (1973). The public's impact on foreign policy. Boston, MA: Little, Brown.

Coles, R. (1984, November). Class politi cs and the nuclear freeze: The numbing polemics of Dr. Cal dicott. Boston Obse rver, 3(11), 1, 25- 27. (See December, 1984 issue, 13(12 ),9 5-6, for letters of response to Coles.).

Coles, R. (in press). The moral life of children: The political life of children. Boston: Atlantic Monthly Press. 9

The Committee for the Compilation of Materials on the Damage Caused by the Atomic Bombs in and Nagasaki (1981).Psychological trends among A-Bomb victims. In Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The physical, medical and social effects of the atomic bombings. New York: Basic Books. Conduit, E., and Shanley, R. (1984). Prospects of annihilation: Anxiety and defense in the anticipation of nuclear war. Changes, 2, 60-63. Conn, J.H. (1953). Hypnosynthesis II. Hypnotherapy of chroni c war neuroses with a discussion of the value of abreaction, r egress i on and revivicati on, Journal of Cl in ical and Experimental Hypnosi S, I, 29-43. Conquest, R. (1979). Present danger: Toward a foreign policy. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institute Press. Cooney, J.P.Col . (1949, August). Psychological factors in atomic warfare. American Journal of Public Health, 39, 96 9-973.

Cooper, D. (1982). When students tried to think about the nuclear arms race. Center Magazine, 1(4), 38-41. Cottrell . L. , & Eberhardt, S. (1948). American opinion on world affairs in the atomic age. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Cottrell, F.W. (1955). Research to establish the conditions for peace. Journal of Social Issues, 11(1), 13-20. Coulam, R.F., & Fischer, G.W. (date?). Problems of command and control in a major European war. In R.F. Coulam, & R.A . Smith (Eds.), Advances in Infor mation Processing in Organizations, volume II. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Cousins, N. (1945). Modern man is obsolete. The Saturday Review. (Reprinted: August 1, 1970). Covello, V., Flamm, G., Rodericks, J., & Tardiff, R. (1983). Analysis of actual vs. perceived risks. New York: Plenum. Cowther, M.P. (1973). The decline of public concern over the atomic bomb. Kansas Journal of Sociology, 9, 77-88. Cox, A.M. (Ed.). (1982). Russian roulette: The superpower game. New York: Times Books.

Crocq, L., Lefebvre, P., and Gir ard, V. (1965). Considerations sur 1 'evolution des conceptions en psychopathologie de guerre/Evol uti on of the Concept of War Psych oneurosis. Revue de Medicine Psychosomatique 7(3), 253-2 62.) Cunningham, S. (1982). Questions dominate New York meeting. APA Monitor, 13(8), 8, 11. (Brief report of the meeting of social scientists Tor the prevention of nuclear war.) 10

Davis, R.H. (1966), The international influence process: How relevant is the contribution of psychologists? American Psychologist, 21(3), 236-243.

DeBoer, C. (1981). The polls: Our committment to world war III. Public Opinion Quarterly, 45, 126-134.

DeBoer, C. (1985). The polls: The european peace movement and deploy- ment of nuclear missiles. Public Opinion Quarterly, 49(1 ), 119-132. DeBenedetti, C. (1980). The peace reform in American history. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

DeMan, A., Simpson-Housley, P., Curtis, F. (1984 June). Trait anxiety, perception of potential nuclear hazard, and state anxiety . Psychological Reports, 54( 3), 791-794. DeRivera, J. (1982). Afterword: "value The tension between "value free" and laden" teaching in addressing the issues of nuclear war. Proceedings from The role 0f the academy in addressing the issues of nuclear war. Washington, D C. (March 25-26, 1982,129-132) Geneva, New York: Hobart and William Smith Colleges.

DeRivera, J. (1984). Facing nuclear weapons. American Behavioral Scientist, 27(6), 739-756.

DeRuech, A., & Knight, J. (Eds.). (1965). Conflict in society. Boston. MA: Little, Brown.

Deschin, C.S. Social systems engineering: The new form of Pentagon deception and control. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 44(2), 186-187.

Deutsch, K.W. (1965). Power and communication in international society. In A. De Ruech, & J. Knight (Eds.), Conflict in society. Boston, MA: Little, Brown.

Deutsch, K.W., and Merritt, R.L. (1965). Effects of events on national and inter national images. In H.C. Kelman (ed.), International Behavior, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Deutsch, M. (1958). Trust and suspicion. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2, 265-279. Deutsch, M. (1961). Some considerations relevant to national policy. Journal of Social Issues, 17(3), 57-68.

Deutsch, M. (1962a). Psychological alternatives to war. Journal of Social Issues, 18(2), 97-119.

Deutsch, H. (1962b). A Psychological basis for peace. In Wright, Evans & Deutsc h (Eds.), Preventing World War III: Some proposals. New York: Simon and Shuste r.

Deutsch, N. (1963). On changing an adversary. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 33, 244-246. 11

Deutsch, M. (1965) . A psychological approach to international conflict. In Sperazzo, (Ed.), Psychology and international relations. Washington DC : Georgetown University Press.

Deutsch, M. (1969). Conflicts: Productive and destructive. Journal of Social Issues, 25(1), 7-41.

Deutsch, M. (1973). The resolution of conflict: Constructive and destructive processes. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Deutsch, fl. (1980). Fifty years of conflict. In L. Festinger (Ed.), Retrospective on social psychology, (46-77), New York: Oxford University Press.

Deutsch, M. (1983a). The prevention of World War III: A psychological perspective. Political Psychology, 4(1), 3-31. Deutsch, M. (1983b). Conflict resolution: Theory and practice. Political Psychology, 4, 431-453.

Dieckmann, H. (1984). Psychologische Gedanken zum Problem der Atomaren Bedrohun g./ Psychological thoughts on the problem of nuclear threat. Analytische Psychologie, 15(1), 19-36. Dixon, B. (1982). Belief without drugs. Mental Health in Austalia, 1(8), 7-17.

Dixon, N.F. (1975). On the psychology of military incompetence. New York: Basic Books

Dorman, J.E., Jr. (1977). An assessment of European attitudes on tactical nuclear force modernization (Vol. II, main study). Arlington, VA: SRI International, Strategic Studies Center. Dougall, L. (1982). War and peace in literature. Chicago, IL: World Without War Publications.

Dougherty, J .E. (1966 ). Catholic church, war, and nuclear weapons . Orbis, 9,845-897.

Douvan. E., and Withey, S. (1953). Some attitudinal con sequences of atomi c energy. Annals of the American Academy of Pol itical and Social Science, 290, 108-117. Douvan, E., and Withey, S. (1954). Publi c reaction to nonmilitary aspects of atomic energy. Science, 119, 1-3. Dudley, H.C. (1978). Criti cal assumptions in nucl ear planning historical analysis ( A viewpoint). International Journal of Environmental Studies , 12(3), 163-18/. Dumas, L.J. (1980). Human fallibility and weapons. Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, nov, 15-20.

Eckhardt, W., & Lentz, T. (1967). Factors of war/peace attitudes. Peace Research Reviews, 1, 1-22. 12

Edwards, W. (1954). The theory of decision making. Psychological Bulletin, 51, 380-417.

Edwards, W. (1961). Behavioral decision theory. Annual Review of Psychology, 12, 473-498.

Eggertson, P.F. (1964). The di lemma of power: Nuclear weapons and human reliability . Psychiatry, 27, 211-218.

Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. (1979). The biology of peace and war: Men, animals and aggression. New York: Viking.

Einhorn, H.J., & Hogarth, R.M. (1981). Behavioral decision theory. Annual Review of Psychology, 32, 53-88. Eisenbud, M.M., Van Hoorn, J.L., Gould, B.B. (1985, March). Children, adolescents and the th reat of nuclear war: An internati onal perspective. Advances in International Maternal and Ch ild Health, 6.

Eiser, J.R., & Van Der Pligt, J. (1979). Beliefs and values in the nucl ear debate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 9(6), 524-536. Elder, J.H. (1967). A summary of research on reactions of children to nuclear war. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 37, 120-123. Eldredge, L.E., Jr., (date?). Attitudes toward death (Ed.D. dissertation). Dissertation Abtracts International, No. 75-27689.

Engel, B.S. (1984). Between feeling and fact: Listening to children. Harvard Educational Review, 54(3), 304-314. Engle, T.L. (1953). Attitudes toward war as expressed by Amish and Non-Ami sh children: A follow-up study. Elementary School Journal, 53, 345 -351. Epstein, E.J. (1977, July). Dis information: Or, why the CIA cannot verify an arms-control agreement. Commentary, pp. 21-28. Epstein, E.N., (1965). Effects of the cuban crisis upon attitudes related to war and peace. Psychological Reports, 17(2), 424-426. Ermarth, F.W. (1981). Contrasts in American and Soviet military strategic thought. In D. Leevaert (Ed.), Soviet military thinking (pp. 50-69). Boston, MA: George Allen and Unwin.

Erskine, A. (1983). Human fallibility and nuclear weapons. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 36, A5-A6. Erskine, H.G. (1961a). The : report from the polls. Public Opinion Quarterly, 25(2), 300-315.

Erskine, H.G. (1961b). The polls: Defense, peace and space. Public Opinion Quarterly, 25(3), 478-489.

Erskine, H.G. (1963a). The polls: Atomic weapons and nuclear energy. Public Opinion Quarterly, 27(2), 155-190. 13

Erskine, H.G. (1963b). The polls: Exposure to international information. Public Opinion Quarterly, 27, 658-662. Erskine, H.G. (1969). The polls: Some recent opinions on NATO. Public Opinion Quarterly, 33(3), 487-499.

Escalona, S.K. (1963 ). Children's responses to the nuclear war threat. Chil dren, 10(4) 137-142. Escalona, S. ( 1965). Children and the threat of nuclear war. In M. Schwebel (Ed.), Behavioral science and human survival. Palo Alto, CA: Behav ioral Science Press. Escalona, S. (1982). Growing up with the threat of nuclear war: Some indirect effects of pers onal ity devel opment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52(4), 600-607. Etzioni, A. (1962). The hard way to peace. New York: Collier Books. Etzioni, A. (1967). The Kennedy experiment. Western Political Quarterly, 20(2), 361-380.

Etzioni, A. (1969). Social-psychological aspects of international relations. In G. Lindzey, & E. Aron son (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology, (second edition, volume 5), (pp.538-601). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Etzioni, A. (1970). The Kennedy experiment. In E.I. Megargee, & J.E. Hokanson (Eds. ), The dynamics of aggression: Individual, group and international analysis. New York: Harper and Row. Etzold, T.H., and Gaddis, J.L. (eds.). (1978). Containment: Documents on american policy and strategy, 1945 - 1950. New York: Columbia University Press.

Fear of nuclear destruction. (1967). In Soddy, K., & Ahrenfeldt, R.H., eds. Menta 1 Health and Contemporary Thought. Volume 2, London: Tavistok, p 105-123. Feiveson, H.A. (1982). Thinking about nuclear weapons. Dissent, 29(2), 183-194. Feld, W.J. (1983). European security, nuclear weapons and public confidence. American Policy Science, 77(3), 809-810.

Fernandez, R. (1983). Obliteration bombing. The Humanist, 33(2), 14-17.

Feshbach, S. (1982, August). Resistance to : A psychologi cal perspective. Paper presented to the 90th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. Finlay, D., Holsti, 0., & Fagan, R. (Eds.). (1967). Enemies in politics. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally. Firebaugh, M.V. (1981). Public attitudes and information on the nuclear option. Nuclear Safety, 22(2), 147-156. 14

Fischer, G.W. (1983). Conceptual models, judgment, and the treatment of uncertainty in nuclear threat assesment. Journal of Social Issues, 39(1), 87-116.

Fischhoff, B. , Slovic, P. Lichtenstein, S., Read, S., & Combs, B. (1978). How safe is s5 afe enough? A psychometric study of attitudes towards technologica l1 risks and benefits. Policy Studies, 9(2), 127-152.

Fischhoff, B., Lichtenstein , S., Slovic, P., Derby, S., & Keeney, R. (1981). Acceptable ris k. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. Fischhoff, B., Pidgeon, N., & Fiske, S. (1983). Social science and the politics of the arms race. Journal of Social Issues, 39(1), 161-180. Fischhoff, B., Slovic, P., & Lichtenstein, S. (1983). The 'public' vs. the 'experts': Percei ved vs. actual disagreements about the risks of nuclear power. In V. Covello, G. Flamm, J. Rodericks, & R. Tardiff (Eds.)., Analysis of actual vs. perceived risks. New York: Plenum. Fischhoff, B. (1983). Strategic policy preferences: A behavioral decisi on theory perspective. Journal of Social Issues, 39(1), 133-160.

Fischhoff, B. (in press). Defense policy preferences. In T. Lanir (ed. ) Defense and national economy in the 1980's, Tel Aviv, Isreal: Tel Aviv University Press.

Fisher, R., & Ury, W. (1981). Getting to yes: Negotiating agreement without giving in. Boston, MA: Houghton Miffl in. Fiske, S.T., Fischhoff, B., & Milburn, M.A. (1983a). Image s of nuclear war: An introduction. Journal of Social Issues 39(1), 1-6. Fiske, S.T., Fischhoff, B., Milburn, M.A. (1983b). Journal of Social Issues. Special issue: Images of nuclear war, 39(1). Fiske, S.T., Pratto, F., & Pavelchak, M. (1983). Citizens' images of nuclear war: Contents and consequences. Journal of Social Issues, 39(1), 41-65.

Fleming, D.B. (1983). Nuclear war: What do high school history books tell us? Social Education, 47(7), 480-484. Ford, D.D. (1982). Beyond the freeze: The road to nuclear sanity. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.

Forman, W., Greenwald, D., Reusser, J1, Zeitlin, S (1985, May). Communicating with young children and adolescents about nuclear war. Paper presented at the Massachusetts Psychological Associa- ti'on, Cambridge, MA.

Fornari, F. (1974). The psychoanalysis of war (A. Pfeifer, Trans.). Garden City, NY: Anchor. Fraise, P., Klineberg, 0., & Leontiev, A. (1966). An appeal to psychologists. International Journal of Psychology, 1(2), 165-167. 15

Frank, J.D. (1960). Breaking the thought barrier: Psychological challenge of the nuclear age. Psychiatry, 23, 245-266.

Frank, J.D. (1961). Emotional and motivational aspects of the disarmament problem. Journal of Social Issues, 17(3), 20-27. Frank, J.D. (1964a). Contributions of behavioral scientists toward a world without War. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 5(5), 283-292. Frank, J.D. (1964b). Group psychology and the elimination of war. International Journal of Group Pyschotherapy, 14(1), 41-48. Frank, J.D. (1967). Sanity and survival: Psychological aspects of war and peace. New York: Vantage Books.

Frank, J.D. (1970). The pursuit of peace. Transactions, 2(2), 4-9. Frank, J.D. (1976). Psychological aspects of the nuclear arms race. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 32(4), 22-24. Frank, J.D. (1979). When fear takes over. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, April, 24-26.

Frank, J.D. (1980). The nuclear arms race -- sociopsychological aspects. American Journal of Public Health, 70, (9), 950-952. Frank, J.D. (1982a). Prenuclear-age leaders and the nuclear arms race. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52(4), 630-637. Frank, J.D. (1982b ). Psychological causes of the nuclear arms-race. Chem Tech US, 12(8), 466-469.

Frank, J.D. (1983a). Galloping technology: A new social disease. Journal of Social Issues, 39(4), 193-206.

Frank, J.D. (1983b). Nuclear arms and prenuclear leaders: Sociopsycholo gical aspects of the nuclear arms race. Political Psychology, 4(2), 393-408.

Frank, J.D. (1983c). The prevention of nuclear war: Psychological considerations. Academy Forum (New York), 2-6.

Frank, J.D. and Nash, E.H. (1965). Commitment to pea ce work: A pre- liminary study of determinants and sustainers of behavior change. American Journal of Orthopsych iatry, 35, 106-119. Frank, J.D., Schoenfeld, J. (1967). Commitment to peace work: II. A closer look at the determinants. American Journal of Ortho- psychiatry, 37, 112-119.

Fraser, N.M., Hipel , K.W. & Delmonte, J.R. (1983). Approaches to con flict model ing -A s tudy of a possible USA-USSR nuclear con frontation. Journal of Policy Modeling, 5(3), 397-417. Free, L., Watts, W.(1980). Internationalism comes of age again. Public Opinion, 3(2), 46-50. 16

Frei, D. (1983). Risks of unintentional nuclear war. New Jersey: Allenheld, Osmum and Co.

French, C.C. (1984). Psychological aspects of the nuclear arms threat: An Annot ated Bibliography. Journal of Preventive Psychiatry, 2(3-4), 247-273.

French, P.L. (1982, October). Attitude chang es produces by education about nuclear war. Paper presented at the conference entitled "The psy chological causes and effects of the nuclear arms race," Stanford University Medical Center, Pal o Alto, CA. Freund, H. (1982). We need a special nuclear psychology. Atomwirtsch, 27(10),543.

Friedman, M. (1984). The nuclear threat and the hidden human image. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 24(3), 65- 76.

Frisch, D.H. (1970). Scientists and the decision to bomb Japan. Science and Public Affairs, 26(6), 107-115. Gaddis, J.L. (1978). The strategy of containment. In Containment: Documents on American policy and strategy, 1945-1950. T.H. Etzold and J.L. Gaddis (eds.).,(pp. 25-41). New York: C1olTumbia University Press.

Gallup report. (1983, May). Nuclear arms. (Report # 212, pp. 25-30). Gallup, G.H. (1981). Nuclear disarmament. The Gallup Poll (pp. 133-137). Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, Inc.

Gallup, G.H. (1982). Nuclear freeze. The Gallup Poll (pp. 280-285). Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, Inc.

Gamson, W.A., & Modigliani, A. (1971). Untangling the cold war. Boston, MA: Brown and Company.

Gamson, W.A. and Modigliani, A. (1967). Knowledge and foreign policy opinions: Some models for consideration. Public Opinion Quarterly, 30, 187-199.

Geiger, H.J. (1981 ). Adressing apocalypse now - the effects of nucl ear warfare as a public - health concern. American Journal of Public Heal th, 70(9) , 958-961. Geiger, H.J. (1984) . Learning from the P.S.R.: Successful methods for major impact. In S. Miller (Ed.), The nuclear weapons freeze and arms control, (pp. 41-43). Camridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing Company.

Gelb, L.H. (1983, April 15). Poll finds doubt over responses to Soviet threat. New York Times, pp. 1, 13.

George, A.L. (1969). The operati onal code: A neglected approach to the study of political 1eaders and decision-making. International Studies Quarterl, 13(2), 190-222. 17

George, A.L. (1980). Presidential decision making in foreign policy: On the effective use of information and advice. Boulder, CO: Westview press.

Gewirtz, M.H. (1965). An investigation of some person ality determinants of attitudes towards fallout shelter s. (Doctoral dissertation at Washington University). Dissertation Abstracts International, 26(8), 4852. Giegerich, W. (1983). Wildn is und Geborgenheit. Das Konsultationszimmer als Ort der Psychother apie. [Wilderness and sec urity: The consulting-room as the topos of psychotherapy], Analytische Psychologie, 14(2), 108-125.

Gilbert, L., Goldgeier, J., Lie, J., and York, H.S. (1982). Armistice or armageddon? Debate around the world. Harva rd Political Review, 9, 5-9.

Glad, B. (1983). Black-and-white thinking: Ronald Reagan's approach to foreign policy. Political Psychology, 4(1 ), 33-76. Glass, A.J. (1956). Psychological considerations in atomic warfare. U.S. Armed Forces Medical Journal, 7, 625-639. Gleisner, J . (1982). The social and psychological effects of a nuclear attack . In The chances of nuclear conflict in Europe, C. Bourn and R. Colls (eds.). Proceedings of the Leicester Conference held in Vau ghan College, Vaughan Paper No. 28, University of Leicester, 47-61.

Glendinning, C. (1981). Telling our nuclear stories. Fellowship, 47(10), 4-7. Glenn, E.S., Johnson, R.H., Kimmel, P.R., and Wedge, B. (1970). A cognitive interaction model to analyze cultural conflict in international relations. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 14(1 ), 35-48. Goldman, D., & Greensberg, W.M. (1982). Preparing for nuclear war: The psychological effects. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52(4), 580-581. Goldman, D. (1985, April 2). Political forces come under new scrutiny of psychology. , pp. Cl, C4. Goodall , M.C. (1983). Suicide by nuclear war (letter to editor). Nature, 304(5925), 390.

Goodman, L.A., Mack, J.E., Beardslee, W.R., and Snow, R.M. (1983). The threat of nuclear war and the nuclear arms race: Adolescent experience and perceptions. Poli tical Psychology, 4, 501-530. Gordon, E.W. (ed). (1982). Forum on the psychological effects of pre- paring for nuclear war. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52(4), 580-645. 18

Gottlieb, S. (1982). What about the Russians? Student/teacher organization to prevent nuclear war. Northfield, MA.

Granberg, D, & Faye, S. (1982). Sensitizing people by mak ing the abstract concrete : Study of the effect of Hiro shima - Nagasaki. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 42( 5), 81 1-815. Gray, C.S., Payne, K. (1980). Victory is possible. Foreign Affairs, 39, 14-27.

Gray, C.S. (1982). 'Dangerous to your health': The debate over nuclear strategy and war. Orbis, 26, 327-349. Gray, J. Glenn (1967). The Warriors: Reflections on Men in Battle. New York, NY: Harper and Row.

Greene, 0. (1982). London after the bomb. New York: Oxford University Press.

Greene, T.H. (1968). Is international conflict inev itable? Main Currents in Modern Thoughts, 25(2), 31-37. Greene, W. (1981, March 3). Rethinking the unthinkable. New York Times, p. 45. Greening, T. (ed.). (1984). Special peace issue. (Entire issue). Journal of Hunanistic Psychology, 24(3).

Grinspoon, L. (1964). Fallout shelters and the unacceptability of disquieting facts. In G. Grosser, et. al (Eds.), The threat of impending disaster: Contributions to the psychology of stress. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Grosser, G.H., Wech sl er, H., & Greenblatt, M. (1971). The threat of impending disa ster. Contributions to the psychology of stress. Cambridge M. I. T. Press. Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry (1964, September). Psychiatric aspects of the prevention of nuclear war (vol. V, #57). 104 East 25 St., NY, NY. 10010.

Guertner, G.L. (1982) Nuclear war in suburbia. Orbis, 26, 49-69. Guroff, G. (1980, June 27). Soviet perceptions of the US: Results of a surrogate intervi ew project. Inernational Comnunication Agency USA. Washington, DC.

Guroff, G., & Grant, S. (1980, September 29). Soviet elites: World view and perceptions of the US. International Communication Agency - USA. Wash ington, DC.

Gutteridge, W. (Ed.). (1981). European security, nuclear weapons and public confidence. NY: St. Martin Press. Haas, S. (1984, April). The nuclear state: Hope in the face of danger. Psychology Today, pp. 6, 8. 19

Hallstrom, A.G. (1973). Problems of military panic: An overview based on literary study. MPI A-Rapport, No. 18. Hamilton, R.F. (1968). A research note on the mass support for ' tough' military initiatives. American Sociological Review, 33(3), 439-445. Hammes, J.A., Ahearn, T.R., and Beussee, M.P. (1970). Personal survival supplies in community fallout shelters in a nucl ear emergency situation. Journal of Clinical Psychology , 26(2) , 237-239. Harman, W.W. (1984). Peace on earth: The impossible dream become possible. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 24(3), 77-92. Harris, L. (1984). Public attitudes toward the freeze. In S. Miller (Ed.), The nuclear weapons freeze and arms control (pp, 39-40). Cambri dge, MA: Ballinger Publishing Company. Harris, R.A., Proshansky, H.M., Roskin, E. (1956). Some attitudes of college students concerning the hydrogen bomb. Journal of Psychology 42, 29-33. Hart, H. (1952). Social science and the atomic crisis. In F. Baumgarten (Ed.)., La psychotechnique dans le monde moderne (Paris: Presses Universitaires de ). Harvard Educational Review. (1984). Education and the threat of nuclear war. LEntire isssueJ. 54(3). Herman, C. (1972). International crises: Insights from behavioral research. New York: Free Press. Herman, R. (1983). Perceptions and foreign policy analysis. Paper presented at the 24th Annual Meeting of the International Studies Associations, Mexico City, Mexico. Hero, A.0. (1959). Studies in citizen participation in world affairs, (7 vols.). Boston, MA: World Peace Foundation. Hertsgaard, M. (1983). Nuclear Inc. New York: Pantheon. Herz, S. (1968) . Behavioral patterns in sex and drug use on three campuses: Implications for education and society. Psychiatric Quarterly Supplement, 42(2), 258-271. Herzog, A. (1963). The war - peace establishment. New York: Harper & Row. Hilgard, E. (1945, September). Psychological problems of the coming peace. Unpublished manuscript, SPSSI Archives, University of Akron, OH. Hilgartner, S. (1983). Nukespeak. East Rutherford, NJ: Penquin Books.

Hochman, B. (1980). On imagination of death. Advances in Thanatology, 4(2), 7-22. Hocking, F. (1970). Extreme environmental stress and its significance on psychopathology. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 24(1), 4-26. 20

Holdren, J.P. (1976). Nuclear controversy and limitations of decision making by experts. Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, 32(3), 20-22. Holmes, J. (1982). The psychology of nuclear disarmament: A case study. Bulletin of the Royal Colleqe of Psychiatrists, 6, 136-138. Holsti, 0. (1962). The belief system and national images: A case study. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 6, 244-252.

Holsti, 0. (1963). The value of international tension measurement. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 7(2), 608-711.

Holsti, 0., North, R. C. (1965). The history of human conflict. In E.B. McNeil (e d. ). The Nature of Human Conflict. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice - Hal 1 .

Holsti, 0. (1967). Cognitive dynamics and images of the enemy: Dulles and Russia. In D. Finlay, 0 Holsti, & R. Fagan (Eds.), Enemies in politics. Chi cago, IL: Rand McNal ly.

Hol sti, 0., North, R. , & Brody, R. (1968). Perception and action in the 191 4 crisis. In D.j . Singer ( Ed.), Quantitative international pol itics: Ins ights and eviden ce. New York: The Free Press.

Holsti, 0, Brody, R.A., & North, R.C. (1969). The management of international cris is: Affect and action in American-Soviet relations. In D.G. Pruitt, & R.C Synder (Eds.), Theory and res earch on the causes of war. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice - Hall. Holsti, 0. (1972a). Crises escalation war. Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press.

Holsti, 0. (1972b). Time, alternatives and communications: The 1914 and Cuban missile crises. In C.F. Herman (eds), International Crisis: Insights from Behavioral Research, New York: Free Press.

Holsti, 0., & George, A.L. (1975). Effects of stres s upon foreign policy-making. In C.P. Cotter (Ed.), Political Science Annual. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merril 1.

Hol sti, 0. (1976). Foreign policy formation viewed cognitively. In R. Axl erod (Ed.), Structure of decision. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Uni versity Pres S.

Hoover, M.D. (1977). Graduate-students' view of nuclear criticality safety education. Transactions of the American Nuclear Society, 27(NOV) 403.

Hopkins, G.E. (May 1966). Bombing and the American conscience during WWII. Historian, 28, 451-473.

Hughes, B.B. (1978). The domestic context of American foreign policy. San Francisco, CA: W.H. Freeman & Co.

Humphrey, N. (1981). Four minutes to midnight. Listener, Oct 29, 493-499. 21

Hunter, D.E. (1972). Aspects of a decision-making model in nuclear deterrence theory. Journal of Peace Research, 9(3), 209-222. Huppert, P. (1983). The psychology of nuclear war. Mental Health in Australia, 1(10), 10-13.

Ikle, F.C. (1967). When the fighting has to stop: The arguments about escalation. World Politics, 19, 692-697. Image and reality in world politics, [Seven articles] Journal of International Affairs, 21(1), 1-140.

Intriligator, M.D., & Brito, D.L. (1984). Can arms races lead to the outbreak of war? Journal of Conflict Resolution, 28(1), 63-84. Jackson, W.D. (1981). Soviet images of the United-States as nuclear adversary 1969-1979. World Politics, 33(4), 614-638. Jacobson. J. (1984). Beginnings. Harvard Educational Review, 54(3), 337-341.

Jacobson, W., Reardon, B., and Sloan, D. (1983). A conceptual framework for teaching about nuclear weapons. Social Education, 47(7), 475-479.

Janis, I.L. (1951). Air war and emotional stress. New York: Rand Corp. Janis, I.L. & Smith, M.B. (1965 ). Effects of education amd persuasion on national and international images. In H.C. Kelman (Ed.), Internati onal behavior: A social -psychological analysis (pp. 190-235). New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.

Janis, I.L. , & Mann, L. (1977). Decision making. New York: The Free Press.

Janis, I. L. (1 983). Groupthink: A psychological study of foreign policy decisions and fiascos. Boston, MA: Houghton-Mifflin. (2nd ed. , 197_2 orig.).

Jeffries, V. (1974). Political generations and the acceptance or rejection of nuclear warfare. Journal of Social Issues, 30, 119-136. Jensen, L. (1965) Military capabilities and bargaining behavior, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 9, 155-163. Jensen, L. (1983). Negotiating strategic arms control. Paper presented at the 24th Annual Meeting of the International Studies Association, Mexico City, Mexico. Jervis, R. (1970). The logic of images in international relations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Jervis, R. (1976). Perception and misperception in international politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Jervis, R. (1979) Deterrence theory revisited. Review of R. Smoke (1974), Deter rence in American foreign policy: Theory and practice. New York: Columb ia University Press. In World Polltics, 31(2), 289-324. 22

Jervis, R. (1982). Perception and misperception: an updating of the analysis. Pap er presented at the 24th Annual fleeting of the International Society of Political Psychology, Washington, DC.

Judd, B.R., Weissenberg, S. (1979). Methodology for aiding nuclear safeguards decision-making. Transactions of the American Nuclear Society, 32(JUN), 346-347.

Judd, B.R. and Weissenberg, S. (1982). A systematic approach to nuclear safeguards decision making. Management Science, 2(3), 289-302. Kaagan, L. (1983). Public opinion and the defense effort: Trends and lessonS. In Defense and consensus: The domestic aspect of western securi ty Part I. Adelphi Paper, 182.

Kahnert, M. (Ed.). (1983). Children at war. Helsinki : Peace Union of Finland.

Kaiser, R.G. (1980). US-Soviet relations: Goodbye to detente. Foreign Affairs, 59(3), 500-521. Kasl, S.V., Chisholm, R.F., Eskenazi, B. (1981a). The impact of the accident at the three-mile island on the behavi or and well-being of nuclear workers. I. Perceptions and evaluati ons, behavioral- responses, and work-related attitudes and feeli ngs. American Journal of Public Health, 71(5), 472-483.

Kasl, S.V., Cjisholm, R.F., Eskenazi, B. (1981b). The impact of the accident at the three-mile island on the beh avior and well -being of nuclear workers. II. Job tension, psycho physiological symptoms and indexes of stress. American Journal of Public Health, 71(5), 484-495.

Katz, A.M. (1982). Life after nuclear war. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing Company.

Katz, D. (1961). Current and needed psychological research in international relations. Journal of Social Issues, 17(3), 69-78. Kavka, G.S. (1980). Deterrence, utility and rational choice. Theory and Decision, 12(1), 41-60. Kay, L.W., Gitlin, I.J. (1949). Atomic energy and the atomic bomb: A problem in the development of morale and opinion. Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 57-84.

Kay, L.W. (1950). The effectiveness of public information on three films about the atomic bomb. Public Opinion Quarterly, 17(4), 773-774.

Keeny, S.M., & Panofsky, W.K. H. (1 981-82). MAD versus NUTS: Can doctrine on weaponry remedy the mutual hostage relationship of the superpowers? Foreign Affairs, 60(2), 287-304.

Kegley, L.W. McGowan, P. (Eds.).(1982). Foreign policy: USA/USSR. (Vol .7) Beverly Hills, CA: Sage International. 23

Kelman, H.C. (Ed.). (1965). International behavior: A social-psychological analysis. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. Kelman, H.C., & Bloom, A. (1973). Assumptive frameworks in internati onal politics. In J. Knutson (Ed.), Handbook of political psychology. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Kennan, G.F. (1972). The Reith lectures. Reprinted in Memoirs: 1950-1963. Boston, MA: Little, Brown. Kennan, G.F. (1981, May 19). A proposal for international disarmament. Address in acceptance of the Albert Einstein Peace Prize, Washington, DC. Kennan, G.F. (1982). The nuclear delusion: Soviet-American relations in the atomic age. New York: Pantheon.

Kennedy, R.F. (1971). Thirteen days: A memoir of the Cuban missile crisis. New York: Norton. Keresztesi, M. (1983). Peace and war: A guide to bibliographies. Santa Barbara, CA: Clio Press, Ltd. Kimmel, P. (1983, April). The war over peace. Society for the Psych- ological study of social issues newsletter, 161, 3-4. Kimmel, P.R. (1985). Learning about peace: Choices and the U.S. Academy of Peace as seen from two different perspectives. American Psychologist, 40, 536-541. King, W. (1981, January 15). Fearing society's collapse, 'survival ists' cache goods. New York Times, p. 18. Klineberg, 0. (1964). The human dimension in international relations. New York: Holt, Rineh art & Winston. Klineberg, 0. (1984). Public opionion and nucl ear war. American Psychologist, 39, 1245-1253. Knap, T. (1983, Nov 22). "Day after" impact sl ight, poll finds. The Press, p. A12. Knudsen-Hoffman, G. (1985). Discovering your vocation in the nuclear age. Awakening in the Nuclear Age Journal, 9, Winter, 30. Knutson, J.N. (Ed.).(1973). Handbook of political psychology. San Francisco, CA: Josey-Bass.

Kohn, H. (1983, January 15). Nuclear war and TV: Are the networks playing fair? TV Guide, pp. 4-10. Koupernick, C. (1967 ). Refusal of an adolescent to accept the modern world. Journal of Child Psychology and Psych iatry and Allied Disciplines, 8, 233-240. Kovel, J. (1984). Against a state of nuclear terror. Boston: South End Press. 24

Kramer, B.M., Kalick, S.M., & Milburn, M.A. (1983). Attitudes toward nuclear weapons and nuclear war: 1945-1982. Journal of Social Issues, 39(1), 7-24. Kramer, B.M., Graham, T.W. (1985, May). Star wars: Public attitudes toward nuclear weapons and defense against nuclear weapons. Paper presented at the Massachusetts Psychological Association, Cambridge, MA.

Kraus, S. Mehling, R., & El-Assal, E. (1963). Mass media and the fallout controversy. Public Opinion Quarterly, 27, 191-205. Krech, D. (1946a). The challenge and the promise. Journal of Social Issues, 2, 2-6.

Krech, D. (1946b). Psychology and atomic energy. American Psychologist, 1 , 358-359. Krim, M. (1962). Psychologists and public information. American Psychologist, 17, 712-714.

Kubo, Yoshitoshi (1955) A s tu dy of A-bomb suffer[er]'s behavior in Hiroshima - A socio psychol ogical re search on A-bomb and A-energy. Japanese Journal of Pyschol ogy, 22, 103-110. Kubo, Y. (1961). Data about the suffering and opinion of the A-bomb sufferers. Psychologia, 4, March, 56-59. Kull, S. (1984). War as a species di sorder. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 24(3), 55-64.

Ladd, E.C. (1982a). Americans assess the nuclear option. Public Opinion, 5(4), 20-41.

Lambert, W.E., & Klineberg, 0. ). Children's views of foreign peoples: A cross-national . New York: Appleton, Century, Crofts. Lambeth, B. (1982). What deters? In J. Reichart, & S. Sturm (Eds.), American defense policy (5th ed.),(pp. 188-198). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press.

Lana, R.E. (1963). Controversy of the topic and the order of presentation in persuasive communications. Psychological Reports, 12, 163-170. Lana, R.E. (1964). Perceptions of social controversy in professors and college students. Journal of Psychology, 57, 213-218. Lasswell, H.D. (1960). Psychopathology and politics. (reprinted from 1930). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Lee, R., Watkins, D., Pertmer, G. (1980). Public nuclear education at the University of Maryland student chapter. Transactions of the American Nuclear Society, 34(JUN), 66-68.

Legras, D. (1970). Interest in a psychological study of the atomic phenomenon. Bulletin de Psychologie, 24(16-18), 925-931. 25

Legras, D. (1971). Significance of Psychological-study of the nuclear peril B Psychol, 24(16), 925-931. [French]. Legras, D. (1977). Public reactions to nuclear danger. [Esquisse des reactions du publique au peril nucleaire.] , Bulletin de Psychologie, 30(328), 611-614.

Leiderman, D.H., and Mendelson, J.H. (1962). Some psychiatric and social aspects of the defense - shelter program. New England Journal of Medicine, 266, 1149-1155. Leigh, M. (1976). Mobilizing consent: Public opinion and American foreign policy, 1937-1947. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Lerner, M.P. (1965). The effect of preparatory action on beliefs concerning nuclear war, Journal of Social Psychology, 65(2), 225-231 Levering, R.B. (1978). The public and American foreign policy, 1918-1978. New York: William Morrow & Co., Inc.

Levine, G.N., & Modell, J. (1965). American public opinion and the fallout shelter issue. Public Opini on Quarterly, 29(2), 270-279.

Levinger, G. (196 3, February 13). A social psychologist looks at mutual deterrence, (the present arms strategy of the major powers). From the lecture series, The hard way to peace. United World Federalists. (location?). Levinger, G. (198 3, April). Social psychology and the nuclear arms race. Societ y for the Psychological Study of Social Issues News- letter, pp. 1-2.

Levinson, D.J. (1957). Authoritarian personality and foreign policy. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 1, 37-47. Lieven, E. (1982). The psychology of peace. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society (London), 35, Al-A51.

Lifton, R.J. (1963) Psychological effects of the atomic bombing in Hiroshima: The theme of death. Daedalus, 92, 462-497. Lifton, R.J. (1965). On death and death symbolism: The Hiroshima Disaster, American Scholar, 34, 257-72.

Lifton, R.J. (1967). Death in life: Psychology of A-bomb survivors. New York: Random House. Lifton, R.J. (1979). The broken connection: On death and the continuity of life. New York: Simon & Schuster. Lifton, R.J. (1980a). The prevention of nuclear war. The Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, 36(8), 38-43. Lifton, R.J. (1980b). Nuclearism. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 11, 119-124. 26

Lifton, R. J. (1982a). Beyond nuclear numbing. Teachers College Record, 84(1) , 30-37.

Lifton, R. J. (1982b) Beyond psychic meaning: A call to awareness. Ameri can Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52( 4), 619-629. Lifton, R.J. (1985). The image of "the end of the world": A psycho- histori cal view. Michigan Quarterly Review, 70-90. Lifton, R.J., & Erikson, K. (1982, March 15). Nuclear war's effect on the mind. New York Times, p. A17.

Lifton, R.J., & Falk, R. (1982). Indefensible weapons - The political and psychological case against nuclearism. New York: Basic Books. Lifton, R.J. (1982, September 26). The psychic toll of the nuclear age. The New York Times Magazine, p. 52+.

Linden, G.W. (1977). Dr. Strangelove and erotic displacement. Journal of Aestheti c Education, 11(1), 63-83. Lindskold, S. (1978). Trust development, the GRIT proposal , and the effects of concil iatory acts on conf lict and cooperation. Psychological Bul letin, 85, 772-793.

Lipton, J.E. ( 1983). The last traffic jam - psychological consequences of nuclear war. Western Journal of the Medical and Physical Sciences, 138(2) , 222-226.

Lipset, S.M. (1966a). Doves, hawks and polls. Encounter, 27, 38-45. Lipset, S.M. (1966b). The president, the polls and Vietnam. Trans-Action, 3( 6), 19-24.

Lorenz, K. (1974). Civilized man's eight deadly sins. New York: Harcourt Brace Jonavitch.

Lorman, C. (1985, May). Jung's shadow cast over the superpowers. Paper presented at the Massachusetts Psychological Association, Cambridge, MA.

Lovell, J.P., & Kronenberg, P.S. (Eds.).(1974). New civil-military relations. New Brunswick NJ: Transaction Books.

Lowther, M.P. (1973). The decl ine of public concern over the atomic bomb. Kansas Journal of Sociolo gy, 9, 77-88. Luttwak., E.N. (1 982, August). How to think about nuclear war. Commentary, pp. 21-28.

MacFarlane, L.J. (October 1966). Disobedience and the bomb. Political Quarterly, 37, 366-377.

Mack, J.E. (1981). Psychological effects of the nuclear arms race. The Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, 37(4), 18-23. 27

Mack, J.E. (1982). The perception of US-Soviet intentions and other psychological dimensions of the nuclear arms race. American Journal of Orthopsych iatry, 52(4), 590-599. Mack, J.E. (1982, March-April). But what about the Russians? Harvard Magazine, pp?. Mack, J.E., Rogers, R., Beardslee, W., Carson, I., et. al. (1982). Psychosocial aspects of nuclear developments. (Report No. 20). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Associati on.

Mack, J.E. (1984). Resistances to knowing in the nuclear age. Harvard Educational Review. 54(3), 260-270.

Mack, J. (1 985, May). On the technology of survival in the nuclear age. Paper presented at the meeting of The Massachusetts Psychological Associ ation, Cambri dge, MA. Mackay, J. (1967). Psychiatric aspects of prevention of nuclear war - Group for the advancement of Psychiatry. Canadian Mental Health, 15(1-2), 39-41 . Macleod, GK. (1982). A role for public in the nuclear age. American Journal of Public Health, 72(3), 237-239. MacPherson, M.J. (1983a). Public knowledge of and attitudes to nuclear issues. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 36, A10-All. MacPherson, M.J. (1983b). Psychological aspects of the nuclear war threat: The development of a research agenda. In S. Farrow and A.Chown (eds.), The Human Cost of Nuclear War: Medical Campaign Against Nuclear Weapons, 154-159. Macy, J. (1984a). Despair and Personal Power in the Nuclear Age. Philadelphia: New Society. Macy, J. (1984b). Buddhist approaches to socal action. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 24(3), 117-129. Magnelia, P.F. (1969). The inter-nation simulation and secondary education. Journal of Creative Behavior, 3(2), 115-121.

Mann, Brett. (1983). Psychology and Nuclearism. Ontario Psychologist, 15(4), 23-26.

Mansfield, S. (1982). The gestalts of war: An inquiry into its origins and meaning as a social institution. New York: Dial Press.

Marquis, D.G. (1950). Social psychology and the atomic bomb: A round table discussion. In J.G. Miller (ed.), Experiments in social Process (pp. 169-194). New York: McGraw Hill. Masserman, J.H.,(Ed.), (1963). Science and Psychoanalysis: VI. Violence and War with Clinical Studies. New York: Grune and Stratton.

Masserman, J.H., & Schwab, J.J. (Eds.). (1972). Man for humanity. Sprin gfield IL: Charles C. . 28

Masserman, J.H. (1983). On nuclear unconscious. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 11(3), 325-330.

Markel, L. (1949). Public opinion and foreign policy. New York: Harper Brothers.

Markey, E.J. (1965). The politics of arms control: A matter of per- ception. America n Psychologist, 40, 557-560.

Markey. E.J. (1984). Public support for the freeze: The people speak. In S. Miller (Ed.), The nuclear weapons freeze and arms control (pp. 163-164). Cambridge MA: Ballinger Publishing Company. Markusen, E., Dunham, J., Bee, R., (1981). A nuclear education campaign. Bull etin of Atomic Scientists, 3(5), 39-42. Markusen, E., Har ris, J.B. (1984). The role of education in preventing nuclear war. Harvard Education al Review, 54(3), 282-303. Marmor, J., (1965). Psycholo gical obstacles to the peaceful resolution of the Cold War. In M. Schwebel (Ed.), Behavior Science and human Survival, . Palo Alto, CA: Behavioral Science Press, 57-63. Marmor, J. (1982). Psychological aspects of the nuclear arms race. Archives of Internal Medicine, 142(13), 2262-2263.

Marseille, W.W. (1955). Negotiation from strength? The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 11(1), 13-18. Mazrui, A.A. (1967). Numerical strength and nuclear status in the politics of the Third World. Journal of Politics, 29, 791-820. McClosky, H. (1967). Personal ity and atti tude correl ates of foreign pol icy orientation. In J.N. Roseneau (Ed.), Domestic sources of foreign policy. New York: Free Press.

McConeghey, E., McConnel, J. (eds.). (1984). Nuclear Reactions, Albuquerque, NM: Image Seminars, Inc.

McGinnies, E. (1968). Studies in persuasion: V. perceptions of a speaker as related to communication content. Journal of Social Psychology, 75(1 ), 21-33.

McNeil, E.B. (Ed.).(1965). The nature of human conflict. Englewwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Mead, M. (1962). Science, freedom and survival. American Association for the Advancement of Science Bulletin, 7. Meerloo, J.A. (1968)). Creativity and eternalization. New York, NY: Humanities Press.

Megargee, E.I., & Hokanson, J.E. (Eds.).(1970). The dyanamics of aggression: Individual, group and international analysis. New York: Harper & Row. 29

Melamed, E. (1982). Reclaiming the power to act. Fellowship, 48(4-5), 6-7. Menninger, K. (1983). The suicidal intention of nuclear armament. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 47(4), 325-253. Menninger, W.W. (1970). Violence and the urban crisis. Crime and Delinquency, 16(3), 229-237. Menninger, R. W. (1964). Attitudes toward international crises in relation to personality structure. In The threat of impending disaster Contributions to the psychology of stress. G.H. Grosser, H. Wechsler, and M. Greenblatt (eds.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 131-151.

Merritt, R.L. (1968). Visual representati of mutual friendliness. In R.L. Merritt & D.J. Puchala (eds.), stern Europ ean perspectives on international affairs: Public opinic studies and evaluations (pp. 111-141). New York: Praeger.

Merritt, R.L. , & Puchala, D.J. (Eds.).(1968). Western European perspectives on international affairs: Public opinion studies and evaluations. New York: Praeger. Mervis, J. (1982). Jerome Frank: 25 years of straight thinking about the threat of nuclear war. APA Monitor, 1(8), 9-10. Michael, D. (1961 ). Ritualized rationality and arms control. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientist, 24(2), 71-73. Michel, D.N. (1955a). Civilian behavior under atomic bombardment. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 11, 173-177. Michel, D.N. (1955b). Guilty or not guilty - Selective inattention and the atomic bomb. Psychiatry, 18, 196-199. Milburn, T.W. (1961). The concept of deterrence: Some logical and psychological considerations. Journal of Social Issues, 17( 3), 3-11.

Milburn, T.W., Stewart, P.D. ,& Hermann, R.K. (1982). Perceiv ing the others' intentions: A comparison of Us and Soviet model s. In Kegly, McGowan ( Eds.), Foreign policy: USA/USSR, vol. 7. Sage Internati onal: Sage Pub lications. Miller, J. (1982, May 30). 72% in pol 1 back nuclear halt if doesn't gain. New York Times, pp. 1,22. Molander, R., Woodward, E. (1983). How to teach nuclear war to high school students. Education Leader, 40(8), 44-48. Moore, D.W. (1979). SALT: A question of trust. Public Opinion, 2(1), 49-59.

Moore, J (1984). The freeze in political context. In S. Miller (Ed.), The nuclear weapons freeze and arms control (pp. 44-46). Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing Company. 30

Morawski, J.G., Goldstein, S. E. (1985). Psychology and nuclear war: A chapter in our legacy of social responsibility. American Psychologist, 40(3), 276-284.

Morris, R. (1984). Nuclear nightmares. Dream Network Bulletin, 3(1), 4-5. Most, B.A., Starr, H. (1982). Case selection, conceptualizations and basic logic in the study of war. American Journal of Political Science, 26(4) , 834-856.

Mountbatten, L. (1979). A military commander surveys the nuclear arms race. International Security, 4(3), 3-5. Moyer, R.S. (1985). The enemy within: Psychological threats to real security. Psychology Today, 19, 30-37. Moyer, R. (1985, May) Teaching psychology courses about the nuclear arms race. Paper presented at the Massachusetts Psychological Association, Cambridge, MA.

Mueller, J.E. (1971). Trends in popular support for the wars in Korea and Vietnam. American Political Science Review, 65, 358-375. Mueller, J.E. (1973). War, presidents and public opinion. New York: Wiley.

Mufson, M. (1982a). Three mile island: Psychological effects of a nuclear accident and mass media coverage. In Psychological Aspects of nuclea r develo pments, (Task Force Report #2), Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Mufson, M. (1982b). Psychosocial aspects of nuclear power: A review of the international literature. In Psychological Aspects of nuclear development, (Task Force Report #20), Washington,DC: American Psychiatric Association.

Musil, R.K. (1982). Growing up nuclear. Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, 38(1 ), 19.

Myers-Walls, J.A., and Fry-Miller, J.M. (1984). Nuclear war: Hel ping children overcome fears. Young Children, 39(4), 27-32.

Nagler, M.N. (1981). Peace as a paradigm shift. The Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, 37(4), 49-52.

Nash, H.T. (1982 ). The bureaucratization of homi cide. In E.P. Thompson and Dan Smi th, (eds.), Protest and Survive New York: Penguin Books. [Reprinted from Bulletin of Atomic Scientis ts, April 1980]. Nathan, J.A., & Oliva, J.K. (1975). Public opinion and US security policy. Armed Forces and Society, 2, 46-62.

National Conference of Catholic Bishops. (1983, May). The challenge of peace: God's promise and our respon se. A pastoral letter on war and peace. Washington, D.C.: United States Catholic Conference, Office of Publishing Services. 31

Nature of public concern and psychologic reaction: Discussion. (1968). Pediatrics, 41(1-2), 345-351. Naughton, J. (1981, October 18). Anti-war warriors. The Observer, p. 35.

Nealy, S.M. (1983). Public opinion and nuclear energy. Lexington: Lexington Books.

Nelson, A. (1984). Prayer for peace: Mediation , contemplation and non- viol ence in our nuclear age. Journal of humanistic psychology, 24(3), 93-116.

Nelson, A. (1985). Psychological equivalence: Awareness and response- ability in our nuclear age. American Psychologist, 40, 549-556. Newcombe,A. (1978). Some contributions of the behavioural sciences to the study of violence. International Social Science Journal, 30(4), 750-775. Newell, A. (1981, Summer). The knowledge level. AI Magazine, pp. 1-20.

The New York Times. (1980, July 11). Mirror, mirror on the wall. OpEd, Sec. A, p. A24.

Newnes, C. (1982). Facing the reality of nuclear death. New Forum, 8, 75-88.

Nincic, M., Russett, B.(19 79). The effect of similarity and interest on attitudes towards foreign countries. Public Opinion Quarterly, 43(1 ), 68- 78. Novak, D.W., Lerner, M.J. (1966 ). Effects of preparatory action on beliefs concerning nuclear war - A test of some alternative explanations. Journal of social psychology, 70(1), 111. Nye, J. (Ed.).(1984). Managing US-Soviet relations. New York: Council on Foreign Relations. Oliphant, M. (2975). Pressures of the modern technological age. Mental Health in Australia, 1(3), 78-82. Oppenheimer, R. (1955, September 4). Analogy in science. Paper presented at the 63rd Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco, CA.

Osada, A. (1982). Children of Hiroshima. New York: Harper & Row. Osgood, C. (1959). Suggestions for winning the real war with communism. Journal of conflict resolution, 3, 295-325. Osgood, C.E. (1960a) . A case for graduated unilateral disengagement. In The Atomic Age: Scientists in National and Worl d Affairs. (Articles from The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientis t, 1945-962.). M. Grodzin, anc E. Robinowitch, (eds.). New York: Basic Books, 269-276. 32

Osgood, C.E. (1960b). Psychological aspects of policy problems in the nucl ear age. Canadian Psychologist, la, 97-98.

Osgood, C.E. (1961). An analysis of the cold war mentality. Journal of Social Issues, 17(3), 12-19.

Osgood, C.E. (1962a). An alternative to war or surrender. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.

Osgood, C.E. (1962b). Toward internatio nal behavior appropri ate to a nuclear age. In G. Nielson, (Ed.) , Proceedings of the XIVth International Congress of Applied Psychology, Vol. I, Psychology and International Affairs, Copenhagen, Denmark, Munksgaard. Osgood, C.E. (1965). Ques tioning some unquestioned assumptions about national securi ty. In M. Schwebel (Ed.) Behavioral Scien ce and Human Survival. (pp. 13-21), Palo Alto, CA: Behavioral Science Press, Osgood, C.E. (1971) . Conservative words and radical sentences in the semantics of international politics. In Absarian, Soule (Eds Social psychol ogy and political behavior. Columbus, OH: Merrill. Oskamp, S. (1965). Attitudes toward US and Russian actions: A double standard. Psychological Reports, 16, 43-46.

Oskamp, S., and Hartry, A. (1968). A factor-analytic study of the double standard in US and Russian actions. Behavioral Science, 13, 178-188.

Ostrc m, T.M. (1969 ). The relationship between the affective, behavioral and cognitive components of attitude. Journal of Experimental Social psychology, 5 12-30.

Otway, H.J., & von Winterfe ldt, D. (1982). Beyond acceptable risk: On the social acceptability o f technologies. Policy Sciences, 14(3), 247-256.

Oye, K.A., Rothchild, D., & Lieber, R.J. (Eds. ). (1983). Eagle defiant: United States foreign policy in the 1980's. Boston, MA: Little, Brown.

Paarlberg, R. (1973). Forge tting the unthinkable. Foreign Policy, 10, 132-140.

Pande, M, and Gupta, P. (1975). Comparative study of attitudes held by Indian and Japanese college students toward nuclear testing and poliferation. Psychologia, 18(4), 224-229.

Parsons, H.M. (1970). Life and death. Human Factors, 12(1), 1-6. Pauling, F.J., and Land, R.E. (1969). The effects of pretest commitment and information upon opinion change. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 29(3), 653-663

Payne, J.L. (1970). The American threat: The fear of war as an instrument of foreign policy. Chicago, IL: Markham. 33

Payne, J.W. (1982). Contingent decision behavior, Psychological Bulletin, 382-402. Perlman, M. (1983). Phaethon and the thermonuclear chariot. Spring 87, 108. Perlman, M. (1985, May). Hiroshima and the art of memory. Paper presented at the Massachusetts Psychological Association, Cambridge, MA.

Perry, H.S. (1954). Selective inattention as an explanatory concept for U.S public attitudes toward the atomic bomb. Psychiatry, 17, 225 -242. Perry, R.W. (1982). The social psychology of civil defense. Lexington: Lexington Books. Peter, M. (1982). USA conception of the limited nuclear war threatening to humanity and non-cognizant of reality. IPW Berichte, 11(11 ),13-18. Philbin, M. (1983). Give peace a chance: Music and the struggle for peace. Chicago, IL: Chicago Review Press. Physicians for Social Responibility, (Eds.). (1982). Preparing for nuclear war: The psychological effects. New York: PSR LA symposium held at the Roosevelt Hotel, New York City, Feb 13].

Pilisuk, M. , & Hayden, T. (1965). Is there a military industrial complex which prevents peace ? Consens us and countervailing power in pl ural istic systems. Journal of Social Issues, 21(3), 67-115. Pilisuk, M., Winter, J.A., & Chapman, R. (1967). Honesty, deceit, and timing in the display of intentions. Behavioral Science, 12(3), 205-215.

Pilisuk, M, & Skolnick, P. (1968). Inducing trust: A test of the Osgood proposal. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8(2, pt. 1), 121-133. Pilisuk, M1., Skol nick, P., & Overstreet, E. (1 968). Predicting cooperation from the two sexes in a confl ict simulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 10(1 ), 35-43. Pilisuk, M. (1968c). The university contribution to resolution of international conflicts. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 38, 493-502. Pilisuk, M. (1984). Experimenting with the arms race. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 28(2), 296-315. Pipes, R. (1977). Why the Soviet Union thinks it could fight and win a nuclear war. Commentary, pp 21-34. Plovic, P., Fischhoff, B., & Lichtenstein, S. (1976). Cognitive processes and societal risk taking (Technical Report). 34

Pool, I. (1960). Public opinion and the control of armaments. Daedalus, 89(4), 984-999.

Pool, I. (1965). Effects of cross- national contact on national and international images. In H.C. Kelman (Ed.), In ternational behavior: A socio-psychological analysis (pp. 106-129). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Powell, L. (1979). Depression and nuclear arms deployment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 136(10), 1349.

Pruitt, D. (1981). Negotiating behavior. New York: Academic Press. Pruyser, P.W. (1983). The suicidal intention of nuclear armament. Bulletin of the Menniger Clinic, 47(4), 322-353. Psychological Warfare. (1968). Sciences, 8(4), 12-15, 36. The Public Agenda Foundation. (1984). Voter options on nuclear arms policy: A briefing book for the 1984 elections. New York: Brown Uni versity, Center for Foreign Policy Development.

Public reaction to the atomic bomb and world affairs: A nation-wide survey of attitudes and information. (1947). Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.

Putney, S., & Middleton, R. (1962). Some factors associated with student acceptance or rejection of war. American Sociological Review, 27(5), 655-667. Raiffa, H. (1968). Decision analysis. Reading, MA: Addison - Wesley.

Ramirez, J. R. (1982). Echein: The built-in problem in the psychology of vehicle driving, arms pos session and nuclear capab ility. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 3(1-2), 86-102. Rand, H.P. (1960). Mental conditioning of the soldier for nuclear war. Military Medicine, 125, 116-119. Rappaport, L., & Cvetkovich, G. (1968). Opinion on Vietnam: Some findings from three studies. Proceedings, 76th Annual Convention, APA, 3, 381-382. Raser, J.R. (1966). Personal characteristics of political decision-makers A literature review. Peace Research Society (International ) Papers, 5, 161-181.

Rathj ens, G. (1982 ). The scientific community and nuclear arms issues. Proceedings of the symposium, The role of the academy in addressing the issues of nuclear war. Washington, D.C. (March 25-26, 1982). (pp. 77-86). Geneva, New York: Hobart and William Smith College, pub.

Reichart, J.F., & Sturm, S.R. (Eds.).(1982). American defense policy (5th ed. ). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press. Relman, A. S. (1982). Phycisians, nuclear war, and politics. New England Journ al of Medicine, 307, 744-755. 35

Reverson, D. (1982). Nuclear war: A make believe world. APA Monitor, 13(4), 3, 17.

Reychler, L. (1979). Patterns of diplomatic thinking: A cross-national study of structural and socio-psychological determinants. New York: Praeger. Revel, J. (1978). Reflections on foreign policy and public opinion. Public Opinion, 1(3), 15-20. Richardson, L. F. (1950). Statistics of deadly quarrels. In T.H. Pear (ed.). Psychological factors of peace and war. New York: Philosophical Librar. Richman, A. (1981-1982). Public attitudes on military power, 1981. Public Opinion, 4(6), 44-46.

Rielly, J.E. (1975). American public opinion and US foreign policy, 1975. Chicago, IL: Chicago Council on Foreign Affairs. Rielly, J.E. (1979). American public opinion and US foreign policy, 1979. Chicago, IL: Chicago Council on Foreign Relations. Rielly, J.E. (1983). American public opinion and US foreign policy, 1983. Chicago, IL: Chicago Council on Forei gn Relations. Richter, H.E. (1983). Psychological effects of living under the threat of nucle ar war. In S. Farrow and A. Chown (eds.), The Huma n Cost of Nucl ear War. Medical Campaign Against Nuclear Weapons, 94- 104.

Ringler, D. (Ed.). (1984) Nuclear war: A teaching guide, , Bulletin -6 of the atomic scientists supplement, 3s-32s. Roberts, A. (1982, February 4). The alternative, non-nuclear way to defend ourselves. New Society, pp. 175-177. Robinson, J.D. (1967). Public information about world affairs. Ann Arbor, MH: Survey Research Center. Rogers, C.R. (1982a). A psycho logist looks at nuclear war: Its threat, its possible prevention. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 22(4), 9-2 0. Rogers, C. (1982b). Nuclear war: A personal response. APA Monitor, 13(8) , 6-7. Rogers, R. (1980). On emotional responses to nuclear issues and terrorism. Psychiatric Journal of the University of Ottawa, 5(3), 147-152. Rogers, R. (1982). Soviet-Ameri can relationshi ps under the nuclear umbrella. In R. Rogers, et.al. , Psychosoc ial aspects of nuclear developments (Task force #20). Washington , DC: American Psychiatric Association. Roiser, M. (1983). Public opinions on nuclear issues. British Psychological Society, 36, A13. 36

Rosenbaum, M., Snadoiwsky, A., and Hartley, E. (1967). Psychotherapy and nuclear disarmament, Journal of the Long Island Consultation Center, 5(1), 19-25.

Rosenberg, M.J. (1965). Images in relation to the policy process: American publ ic opinion on cold war issues. In H. C. Kelman (ed.), International behavior: a social -psychol ogi cal analysis (pp. 278-334). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. Rosenberg, M.J. (1967). Attitude change and foreign policy in the cold war era. In J.N. Roseneau (Ed.), Domestic sources of foreign policy (pp. 111 -159). New York: Free Press. Rosenau, J.N. (1961). Public opinion and foreign policy. New York: Random House.

Rosenau, J.N., (Ed.), (1967). Domestic sources of foreign policy. New York: Free Press.

Rosenau, J.N. (1968). The attentive public and foreign policy: A theory of growth and some new evidence. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Pess .

Rosenau, J.N., & Holsti, 0. (1983). US leadership in a shrinking worl d: The breakdown of consensus and the emergence of conflicting belief systems. World Politics, 35(3), 368-392. Roshco, B. (1983). Review of Michiewicz: Media and the Russian public. Public Opinion Quarterly, 47(2), 295-296.

Rosi, E.J. (1965). Mass and attentive opinion on nuclear weapons tests and fallout, 1954-1963. Public Opinion Quarterly, 29, 280-297.

Rothman, S.., & Lichter, S.R. (1982). The nuclear energy debate: Scientists, the media and the public. Public Opinion, 5(4), 47-52. Roy, P.J. (1984). An examination of psychological vari abl es related to nuclear attitudes and nuclear activism. UnpublishedI doctoral dissertation. California School of Professi onal Psycho logy, Berkeley, CA. Rubenfeld, F. (1984). Building peace. Therapy Now, 1(2), 22-23, 39.

Rubin, D. (Ed.). (1983, March 18-19). War, peace and the news media. Conference at New York University. Foundation and Dept. of Journalism and Mass Communication, NYU. Rubin, J.Z., Brown, B.R. (1975). The social psychology of bargaining and negotiation. New York: Academic Press. Rubin, J.Z. (1980). Dynamics of third party intervention: Interdiciplinary perspectives on international conflict. New York: Praeger. 37

Rubin, J .Z. (1983, August). Toward the cause of peace: What can psychology contribute? Symposium conducted at the meeting of th"e American Psychological Association, Anaheim, CA.

Russell, R. (1961a). Roles for psychologists in the formula tion and evaluation of policy. Journal of Social Issues, 17(3), 79-84. Russell, R.W. (Ed.). (1961b). Psychology and policy in a nuclear age. [Entire issue]. Journal of Social Issues, 17(3). Russett, B. (1967). Pearl Harbor: Deterrence theory and decision theory. Journal of Peace Research, No. 2, 89-106. Russett, B. (1974). The revolt of the masses: Public opinion on military expenditures. In J.P. Lovell & P.S. Kron enberg (Eds.), New civil-military relations. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.

Russett, B, & Hanson, E.C. (1975). Interest and ideology: Foreign policy beliefs of American businessmen. San Francisco, CA: W.H. Freeman. Russett, B.., & Nincic, M. (1976). American opinion on the use of military force abroad. Political Science Quarterly, 91, 411-431. Russett, B., & Deluca, D.R. (1981). 'Don't tread on me': Public and foreign policy in the eighties. Political Science Quarterly, 96(3), 381-399. Sackett, W., & Salmon, J. (1982). Shaping undergraduates world view: Global disinformation. Public Opinion, 5(1), 12-15.

Sagan, J. (1970). Knowledge and the human predicament. Medical Journal of Australia, 1(16), 787-791. Sager, C.J. (1952) The concept of aggression in mode rn psychiatry. Mental Hygien e, 36, 210-219.

Salguero, C. (1983 ). Children and the nuclear threat: A child psychiatrists personal reflections. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 56( 2), 93-96. Salter, L.M. (1967). The resolution of internati 0nal conflict. New York: Vantage Press. San dole, D.J.D. (1984). The subjectivity of theor ies and actions in wor ld society. In M. Banks (Ed.). Conflict in world society: A new perspective on international relations . New York: St. Martins Press. Sargent, L. (1984). Dreams in the nuclear age. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 24(3), 142-156.

Satloff, A. (1967). Psychiatry and nuclear submarines. American Journal of Psychiatry, 124(4), 547. Saul, L.J. (1961). Some psychological bases of war and peace. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2(3), 134-139. 38

Schneider, J. (1952). On the beginnings of warfare. Social Forces, 31, 68-74.

Schneidman, E.S. (1974). Deaths of man, Baltimore: Penguin Books. Scharioth, J. (1977). Nuclear controversy from sociological and psychological points of view. Atomwirtsch, 22(6), 338-343. [German].

Schelling, T. (1966). Uncertainty,, brinkmanship, and the game of chicken. In K. Archibald (Ed.), Strategic interaction and conflict. Berkley, CA: University o f California Press. Schimel, J.L. (1977). The consequences of predicting disaster. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 13(1 ), 94-101. Schmitt, R.L. (1982-83). Symbolic immortality in ordinary contexts: Imp ediments to the nuclear era. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 13( 2), 95-116. Schneider, W. (1983 ). Conservatism, not interventionism: Trends in foreign pol icy opinion. In K.A. Oye, D. Rothchild, & R.J. Liebe r (Eds.), Eagle defiant: United States foreign policy in the 1980 Is. Boston, MA: Li ttle, Brown.

Schneider,, W. (1984). Public opinion. In J. Nye (Ed.). Managing US- Soviet relations. New York: Council on Foregn Relations. Schofield, J.W., Pavelchak, M.C. (1984, Sept). The origins of anti- nuclear behavior: Cognitive and affective determinants. In C. Harari (Chair), Applied peace psychology. Symposium conducted at the meeting of The International Congress of Psychology, Acapulco, Mexico. Schofield, J., Pavelchak, M. (1985). The day after: The impact of a media event. American Psychologist, 40, 542-548.

Schwartz, D.C. (1967) . Decision theories and crisis behavior: An empirical s tudy of nuclear deterrence in international political crises. Orb is, 11, 495-490 . Schwartz, S. and Winograd, B. (1954). Preparation of soldiers for atomic maneuvers. Journal of Social Issues, 10(3), 42-52. Schwartz, S., Syme, L. J. (1982). Criteria - based measures of beliefs and atti tudes toward nuclear development. Australian Psychologist, 17(1), 4 7-61. Schwebel, M. (1965a). Nucl ear cold war: Student opinion and professional responsibility. In M. Sch webel (Ed. ), Behavioral science and human survival. Palo Alto, CA: Behavioral Science Press. Schwebel, M. (Ed.). (1965b). An annotated bibliography. In Behavioral Science and Human Survival. Palo Alto, CA: Behavioral Science Press, 248-266. 39

Schwebel, M. (1982). Effects of the nuclear war threat on children and teenagers: Implications for professionals. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52(4), 608-618. Scott, J.F. (1927). Five weeks: The surge of public opinion on the eve of the Great War. New York: John Day. Scott, W.A. (1965). Psychological and social correlates of international images. In H.C. Kelman (Ed.), International behavior: A social-psychological analysis (pp. 71-103). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. Sheridan, T.B. (1980). Human error in nuclear power plants. Technology Review, 82(4), 23-33. Sherif, M., & Sherif, C. (1966). In common predicament: Social psychology of international group conflict and cooperation. New York: Houghton Mifflin. Shils, E. (1956). The torment of secrecy: The backround and consequences of American security policies. Glencoe, IL: Free Press. Shulman, M. (1980, October 2). The path of US-Soviet relations: From Rorschach to Rashoman to bumper stickers. Inaugural presentation, Columbia School of International Affairs. Silberner, J. (1981). Psychological A-bomb wounds. Science News, 120(19), 296-298. Simon, R. (1985, May). Dilemmas of psychotherapy in the nuclear age. Paper presented at the Massachusetts Psychological Association, Cambr idge, MA. Singer, J.D. (Ed.).(1968). Quantitative international politics: Insights and evidence. New York: Free Press. Singer, J.D. (Ed.). (1965). Human behavior and international politics; contributions from the social psychological sciences. Chicago: Rand McNally. Singer, J.D. (Ed.).(1979). Explaining war: Selected papers from the correlates of war project. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications. Singh, B. (Spring 1965). Irrationality of the nuclear rationale. Midwest Quarterly, 6, 277-284. Sivadon, P., Fernande, A. (1968). Psychological aspects of accidents in a nuclear work situation. Trav Humain, 31(3-4), 253.

Skinner, B.F. (1975). Are we free to have a future? Impact, 3( ), 4-12.

Skinner, B.F. (1985, May). Why we are not acting to save the world. Paper presented at the Massachusetts Psychological Association, Cambridge, MA. 40

Slovic, P., Fischhoff, B. , & Lichtenstein, S. (1980). Perceived risk and quantative safety goals for nuclear power. Transactions of the American Nuclear Society , 35, 400-401. Sorenson, D. S. (1981). Nuclear deterrence as an adaptive frame for crisis decision-making. Journal of Experimental Learning, 3(2), 103-109.

Smith, J., Smith, T. (1981). Medicine and the bomb - attitudes towards civil defense and the psychological effects of nuclear war. Br Med J, 283 (6297), 963-965.

Smith, M.B. (1983). Hope and despair: Keys to the socio-psychodynamics of youth. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 53(3), 388-399. Smith, T.W. (19 80). America's most important problem: A trend analysis, 1946-1976. Public Opinion Quarterly, 44(2), 164-180. Smith, T.W. (1983). The polls: American attitudes toward the Soviet Union and Communism. Public Opinion Quarterly, 47(2), 277-292. Smurthwaite, T.J. (1985). Nuclear arms escalation and the role of psychologists. American Psychologist, 40, 575-577. Snow, R., and Goodman, L. (1984). A decisionmaking approach to nuclear education. Harvard Educational Review, 54(3), 321-328.

Snowman, D. (1966). President Truman's decision to drop the first atomic bomb. Political Studies, 14, 365-373.

Snyder, J.L. (1978). Rationality at the brink: The role of cognitive processes in failures of deterrence. World Politics, 30, 345-365. Social Alternatives (1982). Special issue devoted to peace and disarmament, 3(1 ). Society for the Psychological study of social issues, Committee on atomic information. (1946, July 29). Sterotypes in the public thinking. (Available from SPSSI Archives, Un i- versity of Akron, OH. ).

Solomon, L. (1985, May). Dilemmas of psychotherapy in the nuclear age. Paper presented at the Massachusetts Psychological Association, Cambri dge, MA. Sommers, F. G. (1983a). On the medical and psychological effects of nuclear war. The Canadian Public Heal th Association, 74(1 ), pp?. Sommers, F.G. (1983b). Psychological aspects of the nuclear arms race. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 74(1), 26-28. Somerville, J. (1979). Nuclear omnicide. The Churchman, August- Sept. South, D. (1984). Notes for a final exam. Journal of Humanistic Psych- ol gy, 24(3), 5-38. 41

Speier, H. (1952a). The historical development of public opinion. In H. Speier, Social order and the risk of war: Papers in pol itical psychology. New York: George W. Stewart. Speier, H. (1952b). Social order and risk of war: Papers in political psychology. New York: George W, Stewart. Sperazzo, ,(Ed). (1965). Psychology and international relations. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. Spretnak, C. (1983). Naming the cultural forces that push us toward war. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 22(3), 104-114. Staub, E. (1985, May). Creating enemies and victi ms: The Psycholoical bases of gen ocide and war, and of prosocial alternati ves. Paper presented at the Massachusetts Psychologi cal Associat ion, Cambridge, MA. Stafford, R.E. (1983, May). Students attitudes concerning the threat of nuclear war. Paper presented at the Massachusetts Psychological Association, tambridge, MA.

Stagner, R. (1960). Personality dynamics and social conflict. Journal of Social Issues, 17(3), 28-44. Stagner, R. (1965). The psychology of human conflict. In E.B. McNeil (Ed.). The Nature of Human Conflict, (pp. 45-63). NJ: Prentice Hall. Stagner, R. (1967). Psychological aspects of international conflict. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press. Stanmeyer, W.A. (1982). Toward a moral nuclear strategy. Policy Review, 21(SUM), 59-71. Starr, J. (1974). The peace and love generation: Changing attitudes toward sex and violence among college youth. Journal of Social Issues, 30, 73-106.

Starr, J.M. (1975). Religious preference, religiosity and opposition to war. Sociological Analysis, 36, 323-334. Stiefel, R. (1985). Interview: The project on the present danger with Joan Bokaer and Nancy Moorehead. Awakening in the Nuclear Age Journal, 9, Winter, 24-25. Steinbruner, J. (1974). The cybernetic theory of decision: New dimensions of political analysis. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Steinbruner, J. (1982). Fears of war. The Brookings Review, vol?, 6-10.

Stenzel, A.K., Baeck, A. (1983). Social work and human survival in the nuclear age - A call for action. Social Work, 28(5), 399-401.

Stern, H. (1982). Reconceiving the future. Teachers College Record, 84(2), 509-519. 42

Stevens, L.F. (1951). The care of psychologic casualties in atomic disaster. American Journal of Nursing, 51, 513-514.

Streufert, S., & Sandler, S.I. (1971). A laboratory test of the mirror image hypothesis. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 1, 378-397.

Suedfeld, P., & Tetlock , P.E. (1977). Integrative complexity of communications in international crisis. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 21(1), 169-184. Sussman, B. & Kaiser, R.G. (1982, April). Survey finds 3-to-i backing A-freeze. Washington Post, pp. 1, 17. Tanaka, Y. (1970). Japanese attitudes toward nuclear arms. Public Opinion Quarterly, 34(1 ), 26-42. Tanaka, Y. (1971). Psychological factors in international persuasion. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, 398(Nov), 50-6 0. Tanaka, Y. (1973). Cross-cultural psycholinguistic study of attitudes toward nuclear space development case study of learning in sub- jective culture. Japanese Psychological Research, 15(2) , 65-81.

Tanaka, Y. (1977). Subjective culture and technology - social psycholog ical- examination of nuclear allergy in Japanese. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 285(Mar 18), 516-538. Teller, E., & Brown, A. (1962). Legacy of Hiroshima. Garden City, NJ: Doubleday. Templin, R..T. (1968). Psychology of war and peace. Journal of Human Relations, 16( 2), 239-249. Tetlock, P.E. (1 979). Identifying victims of groupthink from public statements of decision makers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1314-1324.

Tetlock, P.E. (1981a). Integrative complexity and international confl ict. Paper presented at the 89th Annual Meeti ng of the American Psychological Ass ociation, , CA. Tetlock, P.E. (1981b). Personality and isolationism: Content analysis of Senatorial speeches. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41-, 737-743. Tetlock, P.E. (1983). Policymakers' images of international conflict. Journal of Social Issues, 39(1), 67-86. Tetlock, P.E. (date?). Psychological research on foreign pol icy: A methodol ogical overview. In L. Wheeler ( Ed.), Review of personality and soci al psychology (vol. 4). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Theisen, S.P. (1963). Man and nuclear weapons. The American Benedictine Review, 14(3), 369-391. 43

Thompson, J.A. (1982). Introduction - The nature of the threat. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society (London), 35, Al-A58.

Thompson, J ., Cull, C. Erskine, A., Haug, U., Roper-Hall, A. (1983). Human fallibility in the control of nu clear weapons. In S. Farrow and A. Chown (eds .), The Human Cost of Nucl ear Weapons, 76-85. Thompson, J., Ballard, M. (in press). A shaky finger on the button. World Medicine.

Thurlow, S. (1982). Nuclear war in human perspective : A survivor's report. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52 (4), 638-645. Tizard, B. (1984). Problematic aspects of nuclear education. Harvard Educational Review, 54(3), 271-281. Tolkunov, L. (1982 ). Psychological war - A sympton of nuclear pathology. Co-Existence, 19(2), 142-157. Tolley, H. (1973). Children and war: Political socialization to international conflict. New York: Teachers College Press.

Torney, J., & Hess , R. (1971). The development of political attitudes in chil dren In G. Lesser (Ed.), Psychology and educational practice. Glenview , IL: Scott, Foresman and Co. Torney, J. (1977). The international attitudes and knowledge of adolescents in nine countries: The IEA civic education survey. International Journal of Politics, 1, 3-20. Tucker, R. C. (1963). The Soviet political mind. New York: Praeger. Tucker, R.C. (1982, June 26) Self images an d how they influence adversary images. Paper presen ted at the Annual Meeting of the International So ci ety of Pol itical Psychology, Washi ngton, DC. Turner, C. & Martin, E. (1982). Survey measures of subjective phenomena. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences. Tyler, T.R. (1982). Personalization in attributing responsibility for national problems to the president. Political Behavior, 4(4) 379-399. Tyler, T.R., & McGraw, K.M. (1983). The threat of nuclear war: Risk interpretation and behavioral response. Journal of Social Issues, 39(1), 25-40.

Tysoe, M. (1983). The psychology of nuclear accidents. New Society, 63(1063), 505-507. Ulam, A. (1971). The rivals: America and Russia since World War II. New York: Viking Press.

Unesco yearbook on peace and conflict studies. (1981). Westport: Greenwood, Press. 44

Uzoka, A.F. (1981). The nulear myth alive and well even among family therepists. American Psychologist, 36(3), 313-314.

Valett, R.E. (1983). 100+ Peace strategies for conflict resolution and the prevention of nuclear war. Fresno, CA: Panorama West Books.

Van Atta, L.C. (1963). Arms control: Human control. American Psychologist, 18, 37-46.

Vartanyan, M.E. (1983). Psychological factors of the nuclear arms race. Vestnik Akademi Meditsinskikh Nauk SSSR, 4, 26-29. Vestermark, S.D. (June 1965). Social science as systematic anxiety: A case study in the civil defense dialogue. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 9, 264-287. Vineberg, R. (1967). Human factors in tactical nuclear combat. HumRRO Professional Paper, No. 2-67, (26 pp.).

Von Cranach, M . Foppa, K., Lepenies, W., Ploog, D. (Eds.).(1979). Human Ethology: Claims and Limits of a New Dicipline. Cambridge, MA: Cambri dge University Press.

Von Greyerz, W. (1962). Psychology of Survival: Human Reactions to the Catastrophes of War. New York: Elsevier.

Waggoner,R.W. (1970). The presidential address: Cul tural dissonance and psychiatry. American Journal of Psychiatry, 127(1), 1-8. Wagner, R.V. (1985). Psychology and the threat of nuclear war. American Psychologist, 40(5), 531-535. Wagner, R.H. (1982). Deterrence and bargaining. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 26(2), 329-358.

Walker, E.L., Atkinson, J.W. (1958). The expression of fear -related motivation in thema tic appercept ion as a function of proximity to an atomic explosion In J.W. Atk inson (Ed.), Moti ves in fantasy, action and society (pp. 143-159) . New York: D. Van Nostrand. Walker, P. (1982). History's final test. Harvard Political Review, 9, 13-14. Wallace, M. (1979) Arms race and escalation. In J. Singer (Ed.), Explain ing war Sel ected papers from the correlates of war project. everly Hil ls,. CA : Sage Publications.

Waller, D.C. (1984). The impact of the nuclear freeze movement on Congress . In S. Mill er (Ed.), The nuclear weapons freeze and arms control (pp. 47-52). Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing Company. Wallstein, T.S., & Budescu, D.V. (1983). Encoding subjective probabil ities: A psychological and psychometric review. Management Science, 29(2), 151-168. 45

Walsh, R. (1984). Staying alive: The psychology of human survival. Boulder, CO: Shambala.

Waltz, K.N. (1959). Man, the state and war. New York: Columbia University Press. Waltz, K.N. (July 1965). Contention and management in international relations. World Pol itics, 17, 720-727+. Wangh, M. (1981). On aggression: 1. The psychological fallout of surface nuclear testing. American Imago, 38(3), 305-322. Wasdell, D. (1982). The dynamics of disarmament. Chronicle, September. Waskow, A.I. (1965). Social science and civil defense: Problems in the study of an unprecedented future. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 9, 397-412. Watson, P. (1978). War on the mind. London: Hutchinson & Co., 321-329.

Watts, W., & Free, L.A. (1973). State of the nation. New York: Universe Books.

Wedge, B. and Muromcew, C. (1965). Psychological factors in Soviet disarmament negotiation. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 9, 18-36. Wedge, B. (1972). Mass psychotherapy for intergroup conflict. In J.H. Masserman & J.J. Schwab (Eds.), Man for humanity. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas. Weick, K.E. (1984). Small wins: Rede fining the scale. of social problems. American Psychologist, 39, 40-4 9. Werner, P.D. & Roy, P.J. (1985). Measuring activism regarding the nuclear arms race. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(2), 181-186.

White, R.K. (1961, September). Misconceptions in Soviet and American images. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association meeting, New York. White, R.K. (1965a). Images in the context of international conflict: Soviet perceptions of the US and the USSR. In H.C. Kelman (Ed.), International behavior: A social-psychological analysis (pp. 238-276). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. White, R.K. (1965b ). Soviet perceptions 0f the US and the USSR. In H.C. Kelman (Ed.), Internati onal behavi or A social-psychological analysis. New York: Hol t, Rinehart Winston. White, R.K. (1966). 'Socialism' and 'capitalism': An international misunderstanding. Foreign Affairs, 44(2), 216-228.

White, R.K. (1969). Three not-so-obvious contributions to the psychology of peace. Journal of Social Issues, 25(4), 23-29. White, R.K. (1970). Nobody wanted war: Misperception in Vietnam and other wars (rev. ed.). Garden City, NY: Doubleday. 46

White, R.K. (1983). Empathizing with the rulers of the USSR. Political Psychology, 4, 121-137.

White, R.K. (1984). Fearful warriors: A psychological profile of U.S. - Soviet relations. New York: The Free Press. Whitney, C. (1980, April 20). The view from the Kremlin. New York Times Magazine, pp. 30-91.

Wilson, W. (1981). Nuclear ignorance. The Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, 37(9), 24-25.

Wigutoff, S., & Herscovici, S. (1982). Militarism in textbooks: An analysis. Bulletin of the Council on Interracial Books for children, 13(6-7), 15-17.

Wilson, A. (1983). The disarmer's handbook. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Wilson, W. (1983). The schools must teach nuclear weapons issues. Education Week, 2(29), 19.

Winnik, H.Z., Moses, R., & Ostow, M. (Eds.).(1973). The psychological bases of war. New York: Quadrangle Books (The New York Times Book Company).

Withey, S.B. (1954, September). Fourth survey of public knowledge and attitudes concerning civil defense. Ann Arbor, MI: Survey Research Center, Institute for Socia 1 Research, University of Michigan.

Withey, S., Katz, D. (1965). The social psychology of human conflict. In E.B. McNei 1 (Ed.), The Nature of Human Conflict, (pp. 64-90). NJ Prentice Hall .

Wi tzig, W.F., McKee, J.R., Boyle, S. (1981). For nuclear education - it takes more than one. Transactions of the American Nuclear Society, 39 47-49 . Wohlstetter, A. (1959). The delicate balance of terror. Foreign Affairs, 37(2), 211-234.

Woodward, P. (1948). How do the American people feel about the atomic bomb? Journal of Social Issues, 4(1), 7-14.

Wright, R.K., Evans, & Deutsch, M. (Eds.).(1962). Preventing World War III: Some proposals. New York: Simon & Shuster.

Yankelovich, D. (1978a). Farewell to 'president knows best'. Foreign Affairs, 57(3), 671-693.

Yankelovich, D. (1978b). Cautious internationalism: A changing mood toward US foreign policy. Public Opinion, 1, 693-693.

Yankelovich, D., & Kaagan, L. (1980). Assertive America. Foreign Affairs, (Special issue, America and the World, 1980), 59(3), 696-71 3. Yankelovich, D., and Doble, J. (1984). The public mood: Nuclear weapons and the USSR. Foreign Affairs, 63(1), 33-46. 47

Yudkin, M. (1983). Their problem/ My probl em/ Our problem. The Humanist, 43(1), 9-10. Yudkin, M. (1984, April). When kids think the unthinkable. Psychology Today, pp. 18-20, 22, 24-25.

Zartman, I.W. (1977). Negotiation as a joint decision-making process. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 21 , 619-638. Ziferstein, I. (1967). Psychological habituation to war: A sociopsychological case study. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 37(3), 457-468.

Zuckerman, S. (1982a). Nuclear illusion and reality. London: Collins.

Zuckerman, S. (1982b). Fantasies about nuclear war. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 38(8), 2-3.

Zwei genhaft, R.L. (1985, February). Students surveyed about nuclear war. Bul letin of the Atomic Scientists, pp. 26-27.