Reiki Therapy in the Unified Health System: Meanings and Experiences in Integral Health Care
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE Reiki therapy in the Unified Health System: meanings and experiences in integral health care Terapia Reiki no Sistema Único de Saúde: sentidos e experiências na assistência integral à saúde Terapia Reiki en el Sistema Único de Salud: sentidos y experiencias en la asistencia integral de salud ABSTRACT Mariana Monteiro AmarelloI Objectives: to understand the meanings of Reiki therapy in the Unified Health System, based on the experiences of users and therapists. Methods: thematic oral history study, ORCID: 0000-0001-7702-5917 conducted with 12 users and 11 Reiki therapists, in three public health services, in the city Marcelo Eduardo Pfeiffer CastellanosII of São Paulo, SP, in 2018. The interviews were transcribed and categorized, through thematic content analysis, with the help of the Atlas.ti software. Results: for the interviewees, Reiki ORCID: 0000-0002-4977-5574 activates a universal energy, offering benefits to the body, mind, and spirit. The engagement Káren Mendes Jorge de SouzaI of therapists in such practice was motivated by the desire to carry out voluntary work. Users ORCID: 0000-0002-5563-1569 claim to seek this therapy to overcome a state of suffering and use natural practices. Final Considerations: the meanings and experiences with Reiki therapy are many, but they converge in the understanding of this practice as a producer of health, well-being, and quality of life, through care centered on the integral human being. Descriptors: Therapeutic Touch; Complementary Therapies; Unified Health System; IUniversidade Federal de São Paulo. São Paulo, Comprehensive Integral Healthcare; Qualitative Research. São Paulo, Brazil. IIUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. RESUMO Objetivos: compreender os significados da terapia Reiki, no Sistema Único de Saúde, com How to cite this article: base nas experiências de usuários e terapeutas. Métodos: estudo de história oral temática, Amarello MM, Castellanos MEP, Souza KMJ. Reiki therapy in realizado com 12 usuários e 11 terapeutas de Reiki, em três serviços públicos de saúde, no the Unified Health System: meanings and experiences in município de São PauloSP, em 2018. As entrevistas foram transcritas e categorizadas, mediante integral health care. Rev Bras Enferm. 2021;74(1):e20190816. análise de conteúdo temática, com auxílio do Atlas.ti. Resultados: para os entrevistados, o doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0816 Reiki aciona uma energia universal, oferecendo benefícios ao corpo, à mente e ao espírito. O engajamento dos terapeutas em tal prática foi motivado pelo desejo de realizar trabalho voluntário. Os usuários afirmam buscar essa terapia para superar um estado de sofrimento Corresponding author: e utilizar práticas naturais. Considerações Finais: os significados e as experiências com a Mariana Monteiro Amarello terapia Reiki são plurais, mas convergem na compreensão dessa prática como produtora de E-mail:[email protected] saúde, bem-estar e qualidade de vida, por meio do cuidado centrado no ser humano integral. Descritores: Toque Terapêutico; Terapias Complementares; Sistema Único de Saúde; Assistência Integral à Saúde; Pesquisa Qualitativa. EDITOR IN CHIEF: Dulce Barbosa ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Andrea Bernardes RESUMEN Objetivos: comprender los significados d e terapia Reiki, en Sistema Único de Salud, basado en experiencias de usuarios y terapeutas. Métodos: estudio de historia oral temática, Submission: 11-19-2019 Approval: 10-03-2020 realizado con 12 usuarios y 11 terapeutas de Reiki, en tres servicios públicos de salud, en municipio de São Paulo-SP, en 2018. Las entrevistas transcriptas y categorizadas, mediante análisis de contenido temático, con auxilio del Atlas.ti. Resultados: para los entrevistados, el Reiki acciona una energía universal, ofreciendo beneficios al cuerpo, mente y espirito. El compromiso de los terapeutas en tal práctica ha sido motivado por el deseo de realizar trabajo voluntario. Usuarios buscan esa terapia para superar un estado de sufrimiento y utilizar prácticas naturales. Consideraciones Finales: los significados y las experiencias con la terapia Reiki son plurales, pero convergen en la comprensión de esa práctica como productora de salud, bienestar y calidad de vida, por medio del cuidado centrado en el ser humano integral. Descriptores: Toque Terapéutico; Terapias Complementarias; Sistema Único de Salud; Asistencia Integral de Salud; Investigación Cualitativa. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0816 Rev Bras Enferm. 2021;74(1): e20190816 1 of 7 Reiki therapy in the Unified Health System: meanings and experiences in integral health care Amarello MM, Castellanos MEP, Souza KMJ. INTRODUCTION promotion of human care, especially self-care. The results, there- fore, can benefit users, workers, and management of this system. Traditional and complementary medicine (TCM) is an important Finally, it should be noted that knowing the implementation of part of health care, with growing demand in several countries, for these new practices is also a significant strategy for monitoring health upkeep and treating diseases, especially chronic ones. In this and evaluating the NPICP. sense, the World Health Organization (WHO), through the WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014-2023 document, encourages OBJECTIVES the use of traditional, complementary, and integrative medicines in health systems, aiming at the promotion of person-centered To understand the meanings of Reiki therapy in SUS, based care, with safety, quality, and regulation of products, practices on the experiences of users and therapists. and professionals(1). In Brazil, we can list some advances and challenges in the process METHODS of implementing integrative practices in Brazil’s Unified Health Ethical aspects System, hereinafter referred to as SUS, since the publication of the National Policy for Integrative and Complementary Practices in The project for this research was approved by the Research Health (NPICP) in 2006. Along this path, we can observe an increase Ethics Committee of the Hospital do Servidor Público de São Paulo in the supply of these practices, especially in Primary Health Care (HSPM) [Public Servant Hospital of São Paulo], of the Federal (PHC), with two public policy updates — including 14 practices University of São Paulo, and the Municipal Health Secretariat of in 2017 and another 10 in 2018 —, in addition to the growing the City of São Paulo. The ethical aspects of research involving public approval and increase in the number of scientific studies human beings were adhered to. Each interviewee participated in on the topic. However, as challenges, we emphasize the focus on the research by signing the Free and Informed Term of Consent the dissemination of practices whose conceptions are rooted in (FITC), with confidentiality of information being guaranteed. allopathic medicine; and the need for greater insertion of integra- tive and complementary health practices (ICHP) in undergraduate Theoretical-methodological framework and graduate education, increased budgetary allocation for this purpose in the management of public policy, expansion of profes- This research is based on the theoretical-methodological sional qualification for these therapies, supply of resources, and framework of oral history, which is a practice of apprehending (2-4) specific regulation on practices, based on scientific evidence . narratives in order to record people’s experiences, as a legitimate With the expansion of NPICP practices, Reiki therapy started expression of the present time, and to promote analyzes of social to be offered to the SUS user population in 2017. Reiki is a processes(15) — in this case, the experience of different participants therapeutic practice, originating in Japanese culture, that uses with Reiki therapy in SUS. the laying on of hands to channel life energy, to stimulate the Considering that such therapy constitutes a counter-hegemonic (5) natural mechanisms of recovery and maintenance of health” . movement to the biological based care model, it is understood Several scientific studies show health benefits of Reiki therapy, that oral history fulfills, in this study, one of its functions related (6-9) (9-10) such as: pain relief ,the reduction of stress and anxiety , better to the expression of the sectors that are “without a voice”, as a (11) coping with illness and therapeutic processes ,decreased blood sense of practical and public utility. (9) (12) pressure , improvement of depressive symptoms and sleep Within oral history, the thematic genre was used by starting (13) problems .However, most of these studies have methodological from a previously established specific subject. In this method, designs that make little room for the expression of the central- no absolute truth is sought, following a cohesive itinerary, but ity of the subject in the care process. It is worth noting that “any rather through the recording of a particular version of historical attempt to exclude subjectivity from the process of illness and feelings and events narrated by a certain person(15). cure — due to carelessness or technical imposition — proves to (14) be unsuccessful” . Therefore, it is understood that the meanings Type of study and effects of Reiki therapy as subjective phenomena, including emotional responses and global judgments of life satisfaction, Qualitative study based on the methodological framework of should also be investigated. thematic oral history. With this study design, the authors adopted With these considerations,