2017 Newsletter 18
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Cheddar Complex
Love Somerset, Love Nature Love Somerset, Love Introduction Black Rock Nature Trails Long Wood Nature Trail Velvet Bottom Trail Situated at the heart of the Mendip Hills AONB, Somerset Wildlife There are two circular nature trails to follow in Black Rock reserve. This circular walk (1 km) is way-marked in green with numbered This linear walk leads 1.7km (3.4km return) from Black Rock Trust’s Cheddar Complex comprises three individual nature Both the short trail (1.6 km) and the long trail (2.4 km) are way- stops at points of interest. nature reserve, through Velvet Bottom nature reserve, to reserves each with its own unique character and wildlife. All of marked with numbered stops at points of interest and begin at the 1.1 Charterhouse and Ubley Warren nature reserve. the nature reserves are Sites of Special Scientific Interest which reserve entrance. Follow the green marker posts for the short trail provides protection to the plants and animals found there. and the red marker posts for the long trail. Hedgehog Award – Use the map to lead your group The trail follows the path at the bottom of a long dry valley which around the Long Wood nature trail. has been associated with lead mining since pre-Roman times. www.wildlifewatch.org.uk Black Rock nature reserve is managed by Somerset Wildlife Trust 1.1 1 The remains of this industrial past can still be seen amongst the on behalf of the National Trust, who purchased the site in 1971. From the start of the trail near the reserve entrance follow the path From the reserve entrance follow the path to stop1. -
Cally Plant List a ACIPHYLLA Horrida
Cally Plant List A ACIPHYLLA horrida ACONITUM albo-violaceum albiflorum ABELIOPHYLLUM distichum ACONITUM cultivar ABUTILON vitifolium ‘Album’ ACONITUM pubiceps ‘Blue Form’ ACAENA magellanica ACONITUM pubiceps ‘White Form’ ACAENA species ACONITUM ‘Spark’s Variety’ ACAENA microphylla ‘Kupferteppich’ ACONITUM cammarum ‘Bicolor’ ACANTHUS mollis Latifolius ACONITUM cammarum ‘Franz Marc’ ACANTHUS spinosus Spinosissimus ACONITUM lycoctonum vulparia ACANTHUS ‘Summer Beauty’ ACONITUM variegatum ACANTHUS dioscoridis perringii ACONITUM alboviolaceum ACANTHUS dioscoridis ACONITUM lycoctonum neapolitanum ACANTHUS spinosus ACONITUM paniculatum ACANTHUS hungaricus ACONITUM species ex. China (Ron 291) ACANTHUS mollis ‘Long Spike’ ACONITUM japonicum ACANTHUS mollis free-flowering ACONITUM species Ex. Japan ACANTHUS mollis ‘Turkish Form’ ACONITUM episcopale ACANTHUS mollis ‘Hollard’s Gold’ ACONITUM ex. Russia ACANTHUS syriacus ACONITUM carmichaelii ‘Spätlese’ ACER japonicum ‘Aconitifolium’ ACONITUM yezoense ACER palmatum ‘Filigree’ ACONITUM carmichaelii ‘Barker’s Variety’ ACHILLEA grandifolia ACONITUM ‘Newry Blue’ ACHILLEA ptarmica ‘Perry’s White’ ACONITUM napellus ‘Bergfürst’ ACHILLEA clypeolata ACONITUM unciniatum ACIPHYLLA monroi ACONITUM napellus ‘Blue Valley’ ACIPHYLLA squarrosa ACONITUM lycoctonum ‘Russian Yellow’ ACIPHYLLA subflabellata ACONITUM japonicum subcuneatum ACONITUM meta-japonicum ADENOPHORA aurita ACONITUM napellus ‘Carneum’ ADIANTUM aleuticum ‘Japonicum’ ACONITUM arcuatum B&SWJ 774 ADIANTUM aleuticum ‘Miss Sharples’ ACORUS calamus ‘Argenteostriatus’ -
A Wild Land Ready for Adventure the Mendip Hills
oS ExPlorEr maP oS ExPlorEr maP oS ExPlorEr maP oS ExPlorEr maP 141 141 154 153 GrId rEfErEnCE GrId rEfErEnCE GrId rEfErEnCE GrId rEfErEnCE A WILD LAND E Guid or T Visi St 476587 ST466539 St578609 St386557 POSTCODE POSTCODE POSTCODE POSTCODE READY FOR BS40 7au Car Park at tHE Bottom of BS27 3Qf Car Park at tHE Bottom BS40 8tf PICnIC and VISItor faCIlItIES, BS25 1DH kInGS Wood CAR Park BurrInGton ComBE of tHE GorGE nortH EaSt SIdE of lakE AdvENTURE BLACK DOWN & BURRINGTON HAM CHEDDAR GORGE CHEW VALLEY LAKE CROOK PEAK Courtesy of Cheddar Gorge & Caves This area is a very special part of Mendip.Open The internationally famous gorge boasts the highest Slow down and relax around this reservoir that sits in The distinctive peak that most of us see from the heathland covers Black Down, with Beacon Batch at inland limestone cliffs in the country. Incredible cave the sheltered Chew Valley. Internationally important M5 as we drive by. This is iconic Mendip limestone its highest point. Most of Black Down is a Scheduled systems take you back through human history and are for the birds that use the lake and locally loved by the countryside, with gorgeous grasslands in the summer ENTURE dv A Monument because of the archaeology from the late all part of the visitor experience. fishing community. and rugged outcrops of stone to play on when you get Stone Age to the Second World War. to the top. Travel on up the gorge and you’ll be faced with Over 4000 ducks of 12 different varieties stay on Y FOR FOR Y D REA Burrington Combe and Ham are to the north and adventure at every angle. -
Watsonia 27 (2008), 171-187
Watsonia 27: 171–187 (2008) PLANT RECORDS 171 Plant Records Records for publication must be submitted to the appropriate Vice-county Recorder (see BSBI Year Book 2008), and not to the Editors. Following publication of the New Atlas of the British & Irish Flora and the Vice-county Census Catalogue, new criteria have been drawn up for the inclusion of records in Plant Records. (See BSBI News no. 95, January 2004 pp. 10 & 11). These are outlined below: First records of all taxa (species, subspecies and hybrids) included in the VCCC, designated as native, archaeophyte, neophyte or casual. First record since 1970 of the taxa above, except in the case of Rubus, Hieracium and Taraxacum. Records demonstrating the rediscovery of all taxa published as extinct in the VCCC or subsequently. Newly reported definite extinctions. Deletions from the VCCC (e.g. through the discovery of errors, the redetermination of specimens etc.) NB – only those errors affecting VCCC entry. New 10km square records for Rare and Scarce plants, defined as those species in the New Atlas mapped in the British Isles in 100 10km squares or fewer. (See BSBI News no. 95, January 2004 pp. 36–43). Records for the subdivisions of vice-counties will not be treated separately; they must therefore be records for the vice-county as a whole. However, records will be accepted for the major islands in v.cc. 102–104, 110 and 113. In the following list, records are arranged in the order given in the List of Vascular Plants of the British Isles and its supplements by D. -
The Stratigraphy and Archaeology of the Late-Glacial and Post
LATE-GLACIAL AND POST-GLACIAL DEPOSITS AT BREAN DOWN 67 The Stratigraphy and Archreology of the Late-Glacial and Post-Glacial Deposits at Brean Down, Somerset By A. M. ApSIMON, B.A., D. T. DONOVAN, D.Sc., AND H. TAYLOR, M.B., Ch.B. CONTENTS PAGE I. Introduction and Acknowledgements - 67-69 z. Erosion Features on the Down 69 3. Description of the Deposits - 71 Site A. The Sand Cliff - 72 Site B. The"Reindeer Rift" 88 Site C- 90 Site D- 91 Site D' - 93 Site E. The" Cemented Breccia" 93 Site F- 94 4. Interpretation of the Sections 9S S. Correlation - 99 Local Correlation 99 General Correlation 1°4 6. Pottery and Other Artefacts - 1°9 7. The Cemetery 120 8. Conclusions and ArchleOlogical Summary 122 References - 127 Appendix I: Fauna, by R.J. G. Savage 13° Appendix 11: Report on the Soil Samples, by I. W. Cornwall 132 Appendix Ill: Carbon-I4 Age Determinations of the" Solutrean Ameliora tion" I. INTRODUCTION The first writer to notice the deposits at Brean Down was the local historian, F. A. Knight, who wrote: "Against the southern side of the down ..• is a great heap of drifted sand, in which human bones are sometimes brought to light by rabbits •.. several complete skeletons have been found"; and .. in the fissures on the south side there have been found many bones and antlers of Reindeer" (Knight, 19°2, pp. 299, 308). Twenty years later Knight's daughter, Mrs. Dutton, published a pamphlet on the Down in which the deposits were again briefly mentioned, although they were referred to as . -
28. GALIUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 105. 1753
Fl. China 19: 104–141. 2011. 28. GALIUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 105. 1753. 拉拉藤属 la la teng shu Chen Tao (陈涛); Friedrich Ehrendorfer Subshrubs to perennial or annual herbs. Stems often weak and clambering, often notably prickly or “sticky” (i.e., retrorsely aculeolate, “velcro-like”). Raphides present. Leaves opposite, mostly with leaflike stipules in whorls of 4, 6, or more, usually sessile or occasionally petiolate, without domatia, abaxial epidermis sometimes punctate- to striate-glandular, mostly with 1 main nerve, occasionally triplinerved or palmately veined; stipules interpetiolar and usually leaflike, sometimes reduced. Inflorescences mostly terminal and axillary (sometimes only axillary), thyrsoid to paniculiform or subcapitate, cymes several to many flowered or in- frequently reduced to 1 flower, pedunculate to sessile, bracteate or bracts reduced especially on higher order axes [or bracts some- times leaflike and involucral], bracteoles at pedicels lacking. Flowers mostly bisexual and monomorphic, hermaphroditic, sometimes unisexual, andromonoecious, occasionally polygamo-dioecious or dioecious, pedicellate to sessile, usually quite small. Calyx with limb nearly always reduced to absent; hypanthium portion fused with ovary. Corolla white, yellow, yellow-green, green, more rarely pink, red, dark red, or purple, rotate to occasionally campanulate or broadly funnelform; tube sometimes so reduced as to give appearance of free petals, glabrous inside; lobes (3 or)4(or occasionally 5), valvate in bud. Stamens (3 or)4(or occasionally 5), inserted on corolla tube near base, exserted; filaments developed to ± reduced; anthers dorsifixed. Inferior ovary 2-celled, ± didymous, ovoid, ellipsoid, or globose, smooth, papillose, tuberculate, or with hooked or rarely straight trichomes, 1 erect and axile ovule in each cell; stigmas 2-lobed, exserted. -
Mining the Mendips
Walk Mining the Mendips Discover the hidden history of a small Mendips village Black Down in winer © Andrew Gustar, Flickr (CCL) Time: 3 hours Distance: 6 miles Landscape: rural Welcome to the Mendips in Somerset. This is Location: an area of limestone escarpments and open Shipham, Somerset countryside; with rich and varied scenery, magnificent views and a fascinating history. Start: The Square, Shipham BS25 1TN Discover why the area’s curious geology made Finish: this a centre of lead and zinc mining and find Lenny’s Cafe out how the lives of villagers changed during the ‘boom and bust’ stages of Mendip’s mining Grid reference: past. ST 44416 57477 Rich resources need defending and this walk Keep an eye out for: will take you on a journey through the past Wonderful views of the Bristol Channel and its islands from an Iron Age hill fort to the remains of a fake decoy town designed to distract German bombers away from Bristol. Thank you! This walk was created by Andrew Newton, a Fellow of The Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) Every landscape has a story to tell – find out more at www.discoveringbritain.org Route and stopping points 01 Shipham Square 02 Layby on Rowberrow Lane 03 The Swan Inn, Rowberrow Lane 04 Rowberrow Church 05 Dolebury Warren Iron Age Hill Fort 06 Junction between bridleway to Burrington Combe and path to Black Down 07 Black Down 08 Starfish Control Bunker 09 Rowberrow Warren Conifer plantation 10 The Slagger’s Path 11 Gruffy Ground 12 St Leonard’s Church 13 Lenny’s Café Every landscape has a story to tell – Find out more at www.discoveringbritain.org 01 Shipham Square Welcome to the Mendips village of Shipham. -
Pierre Huyghe (Paris, 1962)
ENGLISH OTHER PLANTS IN THE VARIOUS BIOTOPES La Saison des Fêtes is a ‘living artwork’ by also spread out across the garden. There the French artist Pierre Huyghe (Paris, 1962). are also plants that keep the soil covered Huyghe is fascinated by the ambiguous way and that reinforce the atmosphere in that people relate to nature. He works in various places. many different media and creates, among other things, large-scale installations in La Saison des Fêtes reveals the connection between humans and nature in a stylized A. Tussock grass A. Tussock grass A. Wavy Hair-grass A. Sand sedge which animals or plants play a role. Deschampsia Deschampsia Deschampsia Carex arenaria manner. Here, art has forced nature into cespitosa cespitosa ‘Goldtau’ flexuosa In La Saison des Fêtes it involves plants: a certain order. Humans, in this case the a colourful collection of trees, shrubs, Kröller-Müller Museum, will have to continue perennials, annuals and bulbs, arranged in intervening in the natural development to a circular garden. The plants are related to maintain the artwork in its intended form. festivals and memorial days from all around the world, twenty in total and all selected With the flowering of the different plants by Pierre Huyghe. From the large, visually and the reference to the festivals, seasons A. Common rush A. Hairawn muhly B. Sweet woodruff B. Cinquefoils dominant palm tree to the tiny clover, all and months, La Saison des Fêtes remains constantly topical. The work is an important Juncus effusus Muhlenbergia Galium odoratum Potentilla tridentata the plants play a role in a celebration or capillaris ‘Nuuk’ commemoration, somewhere in the world. -
Wrenna Climbing in the Mendip Hills
Climbing in the Mendip Hills AONB Introduction to the Mendips Climbing places within the AONB This is one of England’s most special places – the There are 22 climbing places within the AONB, with Cheddar limestone Mendip Hills with the lakes of the Chew Gorge being the best known. The others are: Ubley warren, Valley is a stunning landscape of steep slopes and Goblin Combe, Banwell, Knightcott rocks, North Quarry, undulating plateau punctuated by spectacular gorg- Crooks Peak, Compton Hill Cliff, Wavering Down, Sandford es and rocky outcrops. On the hilltops there are Quarry, Callow Rocks, Churchill Rocks, Doleburry Warren, hundreds of ancient monuments, whilst on steeper Burrington Combe, Deepstar Wall, The perch Quarry, Black slopes flower rich grasslands and wooded combes Rock Quarry, Pylon King’s Secret Crag, Ebbor Gorge, Split offer varied habitats for a wide variety of wildlife. Rock Quarry, and Horrington Hill Quarry For more information check out the RAD (Regional Access Database) on the BMC’s (British Mountaineering council) website. The AONB and the BMC Restrictions The BMC access rep for Cheddar Gorge can provide information and answer questions on climbing in Be aware that throughout the year there are restrictions the Gorge. on the times you can access climbing places. To make sure you are permitted to climb please check out the BMC RAD (link at bottom of the page) Conserving the AONB while you climb You always have to be careful whilst climbing. You have to be extra-careful in the AONB. Be aware of your surroundings and make sure you don’t have an impact on the wildlife, plants or animals. -
Secretary's Report. 1937-1944
100 SECRETARY'S REPORT SECRETARY'S REPORT 101 1943. EAST TWIN SWALLET surveyed. 1944. In March of this year a new cave system was entered after a Secretary's Report, 1937-1944. successful dig had been carried out in a dry swallet close to the Society's bath. The activities of the Society, like those of so many others, have The new cave is of rather a different character from necessarily had to be curtailed somewhat during the past few years others in the Burrington area, and contains several large owing to wartime restrictions. vertical avens, one of which is over 60 ft. in height, and We have suffered from the loss of active members and have had makes one of the best rope ladder climbs in Mendip. In it largely to neglect some branches of our work, by reason of lack of also are some very fine formations, including two remarkable time, manpower, and transport facilities, but aHer a period of readjust white curtains, about 6 ft. long, in which run bands of colour. ment the Society has settled down to the new conditions, and is still The cave has been penetrated to a depth of about 200 ft. very active. and work is in progress on the mud ' choke at the bottom. During the years 1940-43 we were glad to see a number of our A full account of the cav~ will appear in the he;xt issue friends from King's College, London, taking an interest in the Society, of Proceedings when the task of surveying and photographing and in 1941 and 1942 two of their members served on the Committee. -
Palaeolithic and Pleistocene Sites of the Mendip, Bath and Bristol Areas
Proc. Univ. Bristol Spelacol. Soc, 19SlJ, 18(3), 367-389 PALAEOLITHIC AND PLEISTOCENE SITES OF THE MENDIP, BATH AND BRISTOL AREAS RECENT BIBLIOGRAPHY by R. W. MANSFIELD and D. T. DONOVAN Lists of references lo works on the Palaeolithic and Pleistocene of the area were published in these Proceedings in 1954 (vol. 7, no. 1) and 1964 (vol. 10, no. 2). In 1977 (vol. 14, no. 3) these were reprinted, being then out of print, by Hawkins and Tratman who added a list ai' about sixty papers which had come out between 1964 and 1977. The present contribution is an attempt to bring the earlier lists up to date. The 1954 list was intended to include all work before that date, but was very incomplete, as evidenced by the number of older works cited in the later lists, including the present one. In particular, newspaper reports had not been previously included, but are useful for sites such as the Milton Hill (near Wells) bone Fissure, as are a number of references in serials such as the annual reports of the British Association and of the Wells Natural History and Archaeological Society, which are also now noted for the first time. The largest number of new references has been generated by Gough's Cave, Cheddar, which has produced important new material as well as new studies of finds from the older excavations. The original lists covered an area from what is now the northern limit of the County of Avon lo the southern slopes of the Mendips. Hawkins and Tratman extended that area to include the Quaternary Burtle Beds which lie in the Somerset Levels to the south of the Mendips, and these are also included in the present list. -
Flood Risk Management Plan
LIT 10224 Flood risk management plan South West river basin district summary March 2016 What are flood risk management plans? Flood risk management plans (FRMPs) explain the risk of flooding from rivers, the sea, surface water, groundwater and reservoirs. FRMPs set out how risk management authorities will work with communities to manage flood and coastal risk over the next 6 years. Risk management authorities include the Environment Agency, local councils, internal drainage boards, Highways Authorities, Highways England and lead local flood authorities (LLFAs). Each EU member country must produce FRMPs as set out in the EU Floods Directive 2007. Each FRMP covers a specific river basin district. There are 11 river basin districts in England and Wales, as defined in the legislation. A river basin district is an area of land covering one or more river catchments. A river catchment is the area of land from which rainfall drains to a specific river. Each river basin district also has a river basin management plan, which looks at how to protect and improve water quality, and use water in a sustainable way. FRMPs and river basin management plans work to a 6- year planning cycle. The current cycle is from 2015 to 2021. We have developed the South West FRMP alongside the South West river basin management plan so that flood defence schemes can provide wider environmental benefits. Both flood risk management and river basin planning form an important part of a collaborative and integrated approach to catchment planning for water. Building on this essential work, and in the context of the Governments 25-year environment plan, we aim to move towards more integrated planning for the environment over the next cycle.