The Potential of Geopark in Kenong, Kuala Lipis, Malaysia
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THE POTENTIAL OF GEOPARK IN KENONG, KUALA LIPIS, MALAYSIA Noor Izzan Nordin, Civil Engineering Department, Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah E-mail: [email protected] Zuraini Din, Civil Engineering Department, Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah E-mail: [email protected] Noriza Mat Hashim Civil Engineering Department, Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah E-mail: [email protected] Abstract National Geoparks create awareness of the importance of geological processes for the development of the earth’s surface, the distribution of natural resources. Nowadays, growing public awareness of the necessity for the conservation and protection of geological and geomorphological features and play an important role in our ecosystem. This study is to propose Kenong as a future of Geoparks. The objectives of study are to promote geological heritage to the public as well as to support sustainable economic development of the area through the development of geological tourism. Qualitative methods are use in collecting data and the instrument used is observations. The main findings are Geofeatures inventory and issues, concerns and opportunities based on the parameter. Kenong has the characteristics which are a Geopark has to encompass a particular geological heritage, with specific geological and geomorphological features. Both of them are important in terms of their scientific quality, rarity, aesthetic appeal or educational value. Keywords: Geopark, Heritage, Geoscience education, Sustainable development 1. Introduction A Geopark location contains a few geologically or geomorphological features. This location is a unified area that advances the protection and use of geological heritage in a sustainable way and also promotes the economic well-being of the people who live there. According to the UNESCO, Global Geopark Network (2006), a Geopark is defined as a territory with a particular geological heritage of international significance, rarity or aesthetic appeal which is developed as part of an integrated concept of conservation, education and local economic development. National Geoparks create awareness of the importance of geological processes for the development of the Earth’s surface, the distribution of natural resources, land use and also the economic and cultural history. A Geopark must have a sufficiently large surface area to develop a sustainable development strategy. It must have a clear boundary and it must be managed by a clearly defined management structure. Zouros & Valiakos (2010), stated a Geopark requires an efficient, flexible and possible management plan or guidelines in order to maintain the originality, quality and sustainability of the geo-heritage area. All Geoparks must not only be active by local means, but also by the means of the Geopark community, and thus cooperate on mutual projects and exchange of ideas for the improvement of promoting their activities. Geoparks are run by local communities which can recognise and wish to confirm their geological, historical and cultural heritage. Geoparks give local people a sense of pride in their region and strengthen their identification with the area. Geoparks use their activities to attract a large number of visitors and enable the founding of different manufacturing and utilities which help improve the social-economic development of the community. Thus, the important geological features within the Geopark area must be accessible to visitors. The creation of innovative local enterprises, new jobs and high-quality training courses is stimulated as new sources of revenue are generated through geo-tourism, while the geological resources of the area are protected. The objectives of study are to promote geological heritage to the public as well as to support sustainable economic development of the area through the development of geological tourism. 2. Area of Study The name of the area proposed for inclusion in the Global UNESCO Network of Geoparks is the “Kenong Geopark”. The proposed of Geopark site is located at Kenong, Kuala Lipis in Lipis district of Pahang, Malaysia. Lipis District is located in the Northern Corridor Pahang economic activities focused on agriculture, mining and forestry. The site is one of place are rich the geological and geomorphological features. The area of study is Kenong. Preface the geological heritage interest of Kenong is based primarily on three factors, i.e., a large continuous sedimentary series, a network of rivers that exposing this sedimentary series and the scarcity of population and industrial development have preserved geological heritage in optimal conditions for study. 3. The Content Analysis Study Qualitative methods are use in collecting data and the instrument used is observations. 3.1 Geology and Geomorphology Inventory Table 1 below shows the inventory for geology and geomorphology for Yong Reserve Forest, Kenong Rimba Park, Forested State land outside Hutan Simpan Yong and villages. Table 1. Geology and geomorphology inventory PARAMETER AREA DESCRIPTION UNIQUENESS Geology Yong Formation Mostly the Reserve Kayu Ara Volcanic geological Forest, Kenong Limestone features in Kenong Telong Formation Kenong are Rimba Fossils uniqueness Park, Microscopic fossils and nowhere Forested of foraminifera else. State land Algae outside Coral formations Hutan Rocks Simpan Sedimentary Yong and Igneous villages. Older metamorphic rock Plutonic rock Limestone The uniqueness i) Batu Tinggi Cave of tectonic in ii) Batu Kajang Cave limestone may iii) Batu Tangga Cave attract visitors iv) Telungkup Cave to come the v) Harimau Cave geopark. vi) Batu Gajah Cave vii) Kesong Cave viii) Buta Cave ix) Hijau Cave Lubuk Puteri Latar Babi Waterfall Lata Kenong 7 Step Waterfall Batu Hampar Kesong Mount Kesong River Kenong River Geomorphology Forest Flora Tualang tree Shrub Mushroom Fauna Frog Termite Birds Fish Elephants Snakes Villages Indigeneous people Batek people (nomads and gatherers) Village house Traditional old Melayu house Foods Nasi Kebuli 4. Result and Recommendation 4.1 Result - Issues, Concerns and Opportunities Table 2 below shows the Issues, concerns and opportunities in Kenong, Kuala Lipis based on Natural Heritage Management parameter. Table 2. Issues, concerns and opportunities PARAMETER AREA ISSUES CONCERN OPPORTUNITY Natural Hutan Leasing Uncontrolled Sustainable Heritage Simpan System for logging environment as Management Yong and the Kenong a geopark Kenong Rimba Park Rimba Park management Villages Uncontrolled Nuisance of Promote the Rivers fishing biodiversity water activities activities Forested Uncontrolled Damage the Logging State land logging uniqueness of sustainable outside activities natural Hutan features Simpan Yong Limestones out crops outside Hutan Simpan Yong Local State land Lack of Less Protection of Involvement in cooperation awareness nature resources Conservation between local about the by community and community important of based Management of themselves flora and Natural and external fauna in Heritage agencies Kenong Villages Poor Lack of Communicati understanding on between regarding the local people information and agencies given Less Local participation community by local not interests community to involve in natural resources Economic State Unbalance No tourist Increase the Development government logging connection of activities and tourism around tourism geosites of Kenong Local Migration of Loss the Provide job community local younger future opportunity generations generation to Focus on develop the agriculture local economy activities as a main income Protection and Forest Lack of Loss of nature Sustainable Conservation State land legislative features in environment to of Natural Villages protection Kenong be a geopark Heritage Environmental Forested Uncontrolled Pollution Sustainable State land destruction of (water, air and environment to outside forest land) be a geopark Hutan Simpan Yong Limestones out crops outside Hutan Simpan Yong Hutan Simpan Yong and Kenong Rimba Park 4.2 Recommendation 4.2.1 Size and Setting Each Geopark should display though a range of sites of international, regional and/or national importance, a region’s geological history, and the events and processes that formed it. The proposed Lipis Geopark is located in the Kenong, which is situated in the Lipis District. Kenong divided to three section, i.e., Yong Reserve Forest and Kenong Rimba Park; State Land and two main villages adjacent to the forest are Kg. Kuala Kenong and Kg. Batu Sembilan as shown at Figure 1 Kenong is borders with National Park at the northeast with coordinate (4.18N, 102.2E) liked to National Park. Lagend Yong Forest Reserve & Kenong Rimba Park State land Kg. Kenong Figure 1. Kenong map (Source: JUPEM, 2016) 4.2.1.1 Surface area (Geology and geomorphology), physical and human geography characteristics of the proposed Geopark 4.2.1.1(a) Geology Surface Area characteristics of the proposed Geopark Kenong have a lot of geological and geographical features. All the geology features have valuable and suitable as a geopark site. The combination of geological and geomorphological features in this site attract the local and international visitors. Both of the sites related to the geology. There are several branches of geology such as physical geology, paleontology, petrology, sedimentology, geochemistry and structure geology. The sites impress a lot of land formations, unique ecosystem, lifestyle and culture. The geology of this site consists of Kayu Ara Volcanic, Kenong Limestone and