Municipality of Northern Bruce Peninsula
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Examining Precontact Inuit Gender Complexity and Its
EXAMINING PRECONTACT INUIT GENDER COMPLEXITY AND ITS DISCURSIVE POTENTIAL FOR LGBTQ2S+ AND DECOLONIZATION MOVEMENTS by Meghan Walley B.A. McGill University, 2014 A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Archaeology Memorial University of Newfoundland May 2018 St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador 0 ABSTRACT Anthropological literature and oral testimony assert that Inuit gender did not traditionally fit within a binary framework. Men’s and women’s social roles were not wholly determined by their bodies, there were mediatory roles between masculine and feminine identities, and role-swapping was—and continues to be—widespread. However, archaeologists have largely neglected Inuit gender diversity as an area of research. This thesis has two primary objectives: 1) to explore the potential impacts of presenting queer narratives of the Inuit past through a series of interviews that were conducted with Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Queer/Questioning and Two-Spirit (LGBTQ2S+) Inuit and 2) to consider ways in which archaeological materials articulate with and convey a multiplicity of gender expressions specific to pre-contact Inuit identity. This work encourages archaeologists to look beyond categories that have been constructed and naturalized within white settler spheres, and to replace them with ontologically appropriate histories that incorporate a range of Inuit voices. I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, qujannamiik/nakummek to all of the Inuit who participated in interviews, spoke to me about my work, and provided me with vital feedback. My research would be nothing without your input. I also wish to thank Safe Alliance for helping me identify interview participants, particularly Denise Cole, one of its founding members, who has provided me with invaluable insights, and who does remarkable work that will continue to motivate and inform my own. -
Research Cruise Report: Mission HLY031
Research Cruise Report: Mission HLY031 Conducted aboard USCGC Healy In Northern Baffi n Bay and Nares Strait 21 July –16 August 2003 Project Title: Variability and Forcing of Fluxes through Nares Strait and Jones Sound: A Freshwater Emphasis Sponsored by the US National Science Foundation, Offi ce of Polar Programs, Arctic Division Table of Contents Introduction by Chief Scientist . 4 Science Program Summary . 6 Science Party List . 7 Crew List . 8 Science Component Reports CTD-Rosette Hydrography . 9 Internally recording CTD . 29 Kennedy Channel Moorings . 33 Pressure Array . 41 Shipboard ADCP . 47 Bi-valve Retrieval . 51 Coring . 55 Seabeam Mapping . 65 Aviation Science Report . 71 Ice Report . 79 Weather Summary . 91 Inuit Perspective . 95 Photojournalist Perspective . 101. Website Log . 105 Chief Scientist Log . 111 Recommendations . .125 Introduction Dr. Kelly Kenison Falkner Chief Scientist Oregon State University In the very early hours of July 17, 2003, I arrived at collected via the ship’s Seabeam system and the underway the USCGC Healy moored at the fueling pier in St. John’s thermosalinograph system was put to good use throughout Newfoundland, Canada to assume my role as chief scientist much of the cruise. for an ambitious interdisciplinary mission to Northern Part of our success can be attributed to luck with Mother Baffi n Bay and Nares St. This research cruise constitutes Nature. Winds and ice worked largely in our favor as we the inaugural fi eld program of a fi ve year collaborative wound our way northward. Our winds were generally research program entitled Variability and Forcing of moderate and out of the south and the ice normal to light. -
Preliminary Results of Archaeological Investigations in the Bache Peninsula Region, Ellesmere Island, N.W.T
ARCnC VOL. 31, NO.4 (DEC.1978). P. 49474 Preliminary results of archaeological investigations in the Bache Peninsula region, Ellesmere Island, N.W.T. I ! PETER SCHLEDERMANN' INTRODUCTION The results of the 1977 archaeological investigations in the Bache Peninsula region on the east coast of Ellesmere Island, N.W.T. (Schledermann 1977) suggested that extensive prehistoric human occupation had taken place in the area over the last four millenia or more. Based upon an assessment of data collected in 1977, a number of research problems were slated for investigation during the 1978 season. The primary research focus centered upon the excavation of archaeological sites believed to represent various stages of the High Arctic cultural continuum from the initial arrival of the people of the Arctic Small Tool tradition (ASTt) to the later stages of the Thule culture occupations. To facilitate this stage of the investigations, two principal site areas were selected, each containing a number of individual sites of various cultural affiliations. The first area (Fig. 1, A) is located along the northeast coast of KnudPeninsula adjacent to a relativelylarge polynya which, according to LANDSAT images, begins to appear in late April or early May. The polynya is an expanse of water which remains free of solid ice cover considerably longer than the regular open water season. Upon arrival in this area in early July large numbers of walrus were observed in the polynya, and approximately 300 animals, distributed on 18 ice floes, were noted at one point. The second area of primaryinvestigation (Fig. 1, B) wasSkraeling Island located about 5 km northeast of the R.C.M.P. -
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Classic Thule [Classic Precontact Inuit]
OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF – FIRSTPROOFS, Fri Apr 22 2016, NEWGEN Chapter 35 Classic Thule [Classic Precontact Inuit] Peter Whitridge Introduction The precontact Inuit (“Classic Thule”) lifeworld can readily be carved up into a series of discrete topical areas reflecting such things as the history of research, the chrono- logical unfolding of Inuit history, and the character of particular domains of precon- tact life (material culture, economy, social life, belief systems) that are given both by the nature of the archaeological record and by analytical conventions that have taken shape in the discipline over the past century. This is largely the tack adopted here. It should be remembered, however, that this organization has inherently limited bearing on the universe as Inuit people lived and understood it— which was undoubtedly shot through with more belief and less system than archaeologists would normally be comfortable with. It seems equally possible (although more difficult, and riskier) to attempt to enter into this world in substantially different ways— from the perspective, for example, of Inuit cosmologies that understand the relationships between people and between peo- ple and nonhuman creatures in fashions that Western archaeology typically disallows (Wenzel 1991), or from the perspective of women or children or ritualists rather than that of adult male hunters and household heads. While the nonarchaeological and the perspectival are perhaps necessarily suspended here, they stand as silent witnesses and challenges to the accounts we provide of the lives of people in the past. Before proceeding further, a note on terminology is in order. “Thule” has been used to refer to a precontact culture in the North American Arctic since Therkel Mathiassen (1927) first employed the term, in recognition of the Fifth Thule Expedition that -pro vided the logistical umbrella for his pioneering research. -
1988 Science·Institute Of·The·Northwest·Territories
NORTHWEST· TERRITORIES SCIENTIFIC·RESEARCH · 1988 SCIENCE·INSTITUTE OF·THE·NORTHWEST·TERRITORIES Contents Introduction ... iii Baffin Region ... 1 lnuvik Region ... 23 Keewatin Region ... 33 Kitikmeot Region ... 39 Fort Smith Region . 45 Index by Researcher ... 53 Index by Category ... 55 Research Reports . .. 60 Regional Map ... 64 Introduction Research Licence. The only exceptions are archaeology, which is administered Was the Arctic once a lush tropical envi by the Prince of Wales Northern Heritage ronment inhabited by dinosaurs? Centre in Yellowknife, and studies of land animals, which are licenced through the Who were the people who lived on Elles Wildlife Management Division of the De mere Island in the High Arctic thousands partment of Renewable Resources, also of years ago? in Yellowknife. How prepared are the communities in the The Scientific Research Licences were Eastern Arctic for the economic develop established for a number of reasons. ment that would follow the establishment Generally, it was felt that northern resi of Nunavut? dents should be informed about and invit ed to participate in research that occurs What sort of a fish is an Arctic Cisco? in and around their communities. To this end, scientists are required to discuss Should northerners be worried about their proposed research with local com contaminants in their country food? munity representatives before they begin work. They must also submit reports on Can computers be used to predict their research results when they are fin the way a forest fire will spread? ished and are encouraged to give public presentations where appropriate. In addition, the licencing information is contributed to the Arctic Science and These are just a few of the questions Technology Information System, a com scientists in the N.W.T. -
THE ARCTIC an OCEAN at the TOP of the WORLD Massive Sheets of Slowly Rotating Sea Ice Shield the Heart of the Arctic
THE ARCTIC AN OCEAN AT THE TOP OF THE WORLD Massive sheets of slowly rotating sea ice shield the heart of the Arctic... where life abounds. ABOARD NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC EXPLORER TM AND NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC ORION | 2017/18 TM Lindblad Expeditions and National Geographic have joined forces to further inspire the world through expedition travel. Our collaboration in exploration, research, technology and conservation will provide extraordinary travel expe- riences and disseminate geographic knowledge around the globe. DEAR TRAVELER, On October 8 I gave a talk at the Arctic Circle Conference (www.arcticcircle.org) in Reykjavík about tourism in the Arctic. It was the fourth year of what has become the most important gathering in the world to discuss and communicate Arctic issues. Over 2,000 people attended this year’s gathering which was capped by U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon’s address about our collective responsibility for good and sensible stewardship of this remarkable region that belongs to seven nations. Business, political, scientific and indigenous leaders listened to each other’s perspectives, all understanding in some fashion that the Arctic is changing dramatically, and with it comes both opportunity and peril. The Arctic is a magnificent and magical part of our world. It’s massive—full of empty space untouched by humans, rich in wildlife, stunning vistas and hearty, innovative people. People come to visit largely for the wonder of it all, but often leave with a profound feeling of nature’s forces and our effect on them. There are dilemmas to ponder. In the past decade, for example, we have consistently found more and more polar bears, but for reasons that are problematic—diminishing sea ice which concentrates their populations. -
Dorset, Norse, Or Thule? Technological Transfers, Marine Mammal Contamination, and AMS Dating of Spun Yarn and Textiles from the Eastern T Canadian Arctic
Journal of Archaeological Science 96 (2018) 162–174 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Archaeological Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jas Dorset, Norse, or Thule? Technological transfers, marine mammal contamination, and AMS dating of spun yarn and textiles from the Eastern T Canadian Arctic ∗ Michèle Hayeur Smitha, , Kevin P. Smitha, Gørill Nilsenb a Haffenreffer Museum of Anthropology, Brown University, 300 Tower St, Bristol, RI, 02809, USA b Department of Archaeology, History, Religious Studies and Theology, Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Education, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Post Box 6050, Langnes, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Yarn and textiles recovered from prehistoric Dorset and Thule culture sites in the Eastern Canadian Arctic AMS dating have raised questions about the extent and timing of indigenous and Norse interaction in the New World, Marine mammal oil contamination whether the yarn represents technological transfers between Greenland's Norse settlers and the Dorset, or Pre-treatment methods for AMS dating whether these Indigenous Arctic groups had independent fiber technologies before contact with Europeans. Spun yarn However,theextensiveuseofmarinemammalsinnorthern cultural contexts, and the penetration of oils Textiles from these animals' tissues into datable terrestrial materials, has posed general problems for reliably dating Canadian eastern arctic fi ff fi Norse Greenland sitesintheArcticandhasraisedquestionsspeci cally about previous e orts to date these ber objects. In this paper, we use a recently developed protocol for removing marine mammal organic contaminants en- tirely from radiocarbon samples, making AMS dating possible and reliable for Arctic research. This study uses those protocols to directly date a suite of woven and spun animal fiber artifacts from five Dorset and Thule archaeological sites in the eastern Canadian Arctic. -
THE NORDIC IMPRINT in the CANADIAN ARCTIC by John Bechtel, Freelance Writer
THE NORDIC IMPRINT IN THE CANADIAN ARCTIC By John Bechtel, Freelance Writer ince many place names of the provinces and parts of the states of North American Arctic may not North and South Dakota, Minnesota Sbe well known to the general and Montana. It is the second largest reader, your enjoyment of this article bay in the world, and connects with will be enhanced by referring to the both the Arctic Ocean and the Atlantic. maps. Here are some fun facts which If the Hudson Bay were a landmass may help you to follow the story: instead of body of water, it would be Greenland is the largest island in the about the size of Iran. world. It has a population of 56,000 but If the province of Nunavut were is bigger in size than Mexico that has a a country, it would be 15th in size, population of 122 million. Greenland worldwide. It is also the most desolate has about the same population as and least populous political national Minot, North Dakota, where this subdivision in the world. magazine is published, and they have Most searches for the Northwest been known to share similarities in Passage began by proceeding weather. Greenland has semi-autonomy northward on the western side of under the crown of Denmark. It is not Greenland, between Greenland and a part of Canada. Baffin Island to the Parry Channel The Arctic Archipelago is the large which went due west to the Beaufort group of Arctic islands north of the Sea, and separated the Queen Elizabeth Canadian mainland. -
Greenland to Canadian Arctic
CANADIAN ARCTIC BOUTIQUE DISCOVERY: GREENLAND TO CANADIAN ARCTIC Voyage on this unforgettable 17-day High Canadian Arctic Discovery cruise that circles around Baffin Bay among mountainous icebergs and some of the most active glaciers in the world. We visit UNESCO World Heritage sites, Inuit communities and Viking ruins in a history lesson like no other. Witness polar bears roam and be enchanted by a blessing of narwhal dive before you, then glimpse long white tusks break the icy arctic waters. This region has been visited by some of history’s greatest explorers such as Norwegian Roald Amundsen and we will navigate from colourful harbour houses and charming fjords to beguiling landscapes covered in arctic willow ITINERARY and purple saxifrage. DAY 1, KANGERLUSSUAQ At the head of one of the longest fjords in western Greenland, Kangerlussuaq has a history as a World War II airbase. Visit the 60-metre tall face of the Russell Glacier on the edge of the Greenland ice cap to hear and see it crack and break off into the meltwater. Other popular activities include kayaking on the fjords and wildlife tours of the glacial areas that attract muskoxen, reindeer, arctic foxes and gyrfalcons. DAY 2, SISIMIUT Just north of the Arctic Circle and the northernmost city in Greenland, Sisimiut remains ice free in winter and is known as an adventure sports hub. Inhabited for more than 4,500 years by the Inuit, Dorset and then Thule people, dog sled remains a common form of transport and we have a chance to see abandoned settlements but it also has a cool, modern side. -
Introduction Itinerary
THE ARCTIC - PONANT: ULTIMA THULE, THE HORIZONTAL EVEREST TRIP CODE ACTSUT DURATION 17 Days LOCATIONS Canadian Arctic, Greenland INTRODUCTION EARLY BIRDS ON SALE - Book and save up to 25% OFF* Arctic 2021 voyages with PONANT. This incredible 17-day expedition cruise takes you to the far reaches of the planet to discover the raw landscapes and natural beauty of the Arctic and its rich fauna. Witness some of the polar regionâs most spectacular scenery as you set off from Greenlandâs Kangerlussuaq to explore Baffin Island and sail as far north as the Geomagnetic North Pole and Hans Island. Visit Sam Ford Fjord where rock walls plunge into the water and Beatrice Point at the entrance to the Canadian High Arctic, where ice floes descend from the North Pole. Visit ancient Inuit hunting camps and whalerâs graves and discover the mythical northern kingdom of Ultima Thule. See the spectacular Humboldt Glacier that calves ice cathedrals, marvel at the surreal beauty of UNESCO Disko Bay and hike along magnificent tundra at Feachem Bay. ITINERARY Copyright Chimu Adventures. All rights reserved 2020. Chimu Adventures PTY LTD THE ARCTIC - PONANT: ULTIMA THULE, THE HORIZONTAL EVEREST TRIP CODE ACTSUT DAY 1: Paris - Kangerlussuaq DURATION Flight from Paris to Kangerlussuaq is included in your cruise package and it is highly recommended to arrive in Paris the day before this flight. On 17 Days arrival at Kangerlussuaq, you will be met and transferred to the pier. Embarkation time is LOCATIONS between 4.00pm and 5.00pm, at which time cabins and suites will be ready to check in to. -
Cataloging Service Bulletin 086, Fall 1999
ISSN 0160-8029 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS/WASHINGTON CATALOGING SERVICE BULLETIN LIBRARY SERVICES Number 86, Fall 1999 Editor: Robert M. Hiatt CONTENTS Page GENERAL MARC Content Designation 2 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGING Publication, etc., Area for Books Published by St. Martin’s Press 2 Standard Citation Forms 2 MUSIC CATALOGING DECISIONS 2 SUBJECT CATALOGING Subdivision Simplification Progress 9 Changed or Cancelled Free-Floating Subdivisions 10 Revisions in Cataloging of Art Materials 11 Subject Headings of Current Interest 12 Revised LC Subject Headings 12 Subject Headings Replaced by Name Headings 22 MARC Language Codes 22 Editorial postal address: Cataloging Policy and Support Office, Library Services, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540-4305 Editorial electronic mail address: [email protected] Editorial fax number: (202) 707-6629 Subscription address: Customer Support Team, Cataloging Distribution Service, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20541-4912 Subscription electronic mail address: [email protected] Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 78-51400 ISSN 0160-8029 Key title: Cataloging service bulletin Copyright ©1999 the Library of Congress, except within the U.S.A. GENERAL With this issue of Cataloging Service Bulletin, certain characters used in examples showing MARC 21 content designation are being changed to accommodate the loading of documents to electronic media (e.g., the Internet, Cataloger’s Desktop) by reducing the amount of editing needed to load the documents. The characters involved are the “blank” (slashed “b”) which will appear as the number sign (#) and the delimiter which will appear as a dollar sign ($). DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGING PUBLICATION, ETC., AREA FOR BOOKS PUBLISHED BY ST. MARTIN'S PRESS The Library of Congress has been asked to update its policy on the publication, distribution, etc., area for certain books published by St. -
&Ender, Hou5ehold5, And
164 BRIAN W. HOFFMAN chapter-that the needles differed in manufacturing costs, durability, or size. The ability to make exceptionally thin grooved needles was the only I I practical advantage supported by the experimental and archaeological data. &EnDER, HOU5EHOlD5, AnD THE mATERIAL [On5TRU[TIOn OF 50[IAl DIFFEREn[E AI:KnaWLEDsmEnTS METAL CONSUMPTION I thank Lisa Frink, Greg Reinhardt, and Rita Shepard for inviting me to contribute to this volume. Rita, Greg, and Nancy Hoffman provided AT ACLASSIC THULE WHALING VILLAGE valuable advice on earlier drafts of this chapter. Nancy illustrated the PETER WHITRIDGE artifacts used in Figure 10.1. The Agayadan Village excavations were funded by the National Science Foundation (Grant OPP-9629992), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Aleut Corporation, Reeve Aleutian Airways, and residents of Cold Bay, Alaska. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Regional Archaeology Office (Anchorage), financed my spring 2000 trip to False Pass, Alaska, with additional support provided by the Izembek National Wildlife Refuge. I especially want to acknowledge the contributions of the False Pass High School students-Alan Hoggard, Carlin Hoblet, Nikki Hoblet, Christopher Freeman, Thshla Freeman, Karita Freeman, and their teacher, Virginia Berlin. This chapter would not have happened without their curiosity, enthusiasm, and effort. A special thanks also goes to Lillian Bear for providing the ptarmigan bones. This project DESPITE ATTEMPTS 1D DISPEL THE STEREOTYPE of the egalitarian band (e.g., built on the needle replica experiments conducted by Randy Cooper Collier and Rosaldo 1981; Dunning 1960; Flanagan 1989; Speth 1990; Thstart and Stephanie Butler. I thank them for sharing their knowledge and 1988a), the smallest-scale societies, predominantly hunter-gatherers, unpublished data.