DOCSLIB.ORG

Nyambe Nyambe

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nyambe Nyambe ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND ITS UNDERLYING BASIC ASSUMPTIONS AS A DETERMINANT OF RESPONSE TO CHANGE: A CASE STUDY OF KWAZULU-NATAL'S CONSERVATION SECTOR, SOUTH AFRICA NYAMBE NYAMBE Submitted in fulfilment of the academic requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Environment and Development) in the Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Centre for Environment and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Pietermaritzburg 2005 i ABSTRACT This study was concerned with elaborating theory and informing practice about the process of managing change in organizations. It was premised on the implications of organizational culture and its underlying basic assumptions for strategy, particularly in terms of responsiveness and resistance to change. Harmony between the external environment and an organization's culture was postulated as a critical determinant of the rate of uptake and acceptance of new strategic directions in an organization. Drawing from organizational and critical social theories, past conservation efforts in KwaZulu-Natal were reinterpreted in the light of historical and contemporary developments. The theoretical contribution rests on exploring how basic assumptions, as the core of a culture, may be conceptualized and accessed to examine historically and culturally based meanings of conservation. The practical contribution relates to the need for mechanisms to explicitly address basic assumptions as the core of an organizational culture. Data collection and analysis were informed by the ideas of hermeneutic philosophy, Giddens' Theory of Structuration and Schein's framework of organizational culture. The main source of primary data was interviews that were tape-recorded, transcribed and analysed using a multi-stage process in data organization and interpretation. The analysis involved the identification of common themes and differences in opinion amongst the respondents. Data analysis was done with the help of Nvivo - computer software for qualitative research. The software did not effect the analysis, but assisted in organizing the interview transcripts for analysis purposes: facilitating easy storage, retrieval and querying. The findings revealed a temporal variance in the understanding and interpretation of the mission of conservation in KwaZulu-Natal. Respective executive leaders of the two erstwhile conservation agencies in KwaZulu-Natal were historically very influential in shaping the mission. For the present leadership, four basic assumptions emerged from the data: 'public funding defines who we are'; 'we are leaders in conservation'; 'we know our realities are changing' and 'we are conserving a great natural and cultural heritage'. 11 These assumptions reflect the various themes which the respondents discussed in respect of the present-day strategy processes in conservation in KwaZulu-Natal. Within and across these four assumptions, respondents expressed variable and sometimes contradictory meanings and interpretations. Differences were especially noticeable between the conservation sector's historical inclinations towards public service and its emergent commercial activities. Overall, the study demonstrated the variety of perspectives the respondents used to interpret their understanding and meanings of what the fundamental mission of conservation in KwaZulu-Natal ought to be. The findings highlight the need for those involved in strategic processes to base their activities, and their approaches to managing change, on the continual exploration of basic assumptions as the portal for the ideas, perceptions and beliefs that influence change. In matters of strategy, leaders should work with the prevailing organizational culture and its underlying basic assumptions, rather than develop the strategy and then attempt to deal with the basic assumptions and cultural support afterwards. Finally, the findings suggest that in all visioning and strategy development processes, whether in a conservation agency or some other organization, explicit analysis of assumptions is critical for securing support for, and reducing prospects of resistance to change. Among members of an organization, visions, missions and strategies are unlikely to be effectively internalized unless they accord with the assumptions they hold. This process requires explicit mechanisms for doing so, and this study highlights such mechanisms. Ill DECLARATION The work described herein was undertaken in the Centre for Environment and Development, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, under the Supervision of Professors Charles Breen and Robert Fincham at the Centre of Environment and Development, University of KwaZulu - Natal, Pietermaritzburg. I hereby declare that this is an authentic record of work and has not in its entirety nor in part, previously formed the basis for the award of any degree of this or any other University. Wherever use is made of others' work, it is duly acknowledged in the text. *+....Ap\...9:<5pk. Signed Date Nyambe Nyambe H_, bn^^U 'Uro 1 Signed Date Prof. Charles M. Breen t>S~ Signed Date Prof. Robert. J. Fincham iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS During the course of writing this dissertation, I have been much obliged to many people who provided time and support, good judgement, helpful suggestions, source material, encouragement, friendship and personal kindness. It is a pleasure for me to acknowledge the contributions of these people. I owe a great debt to my supervisors, Professors Charles Breen and Robert Fincham. I am also greatly indebted to the students and staff at CEAD for their support and encouragement. Kerry and Faith, your support over the years kept me going. Philippa McCosh deserves special mention for helping with transcribing and keeping me informed about developments at Ezemvelo KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife while in I was in the USA and Drummond Densham who provided me with reading material and was always available for discussions on his experiences in the former Natal Parks Board. To George Tembo and Blandine Umurerwa, I will always remain grateful for helping me with transport during the data collection phase. Spending a year at the University of Montana during the course of writing this dissertation allowed me to experience the personal kindness of the following: Wayne Freimund and Steve McCool and their families, Perry Brown and all the staff and graduate students in the College of Forestry with whom I had the opportunity to interact. Special thanks to Charles Besancon for lending me his bicycle while in Missoula, and Xolani Funda for keeping me company during the 'sleepless nights' in Missoula. To my parents, siblings, cousins and Kash, their love and support is immeasurable. Lastly, I thank the staff at Ezemvelo KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife, past and present, who gladly participated in the study, carefully explaining their perspectives on the challenges confronting conservation in KwaZulu-Natal and South Africa at large. To all the above and many others too numerous to mention, I am truly grateful. V ACRONYMS ANC African National Congress CBNRM Community Based Natural Resource Management CEAD Centre for Environment and Development CEO Chief Executive Officer DAEA Department of Agriculture and Environmental Affairs - KZN DEAT Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism DNC Directorate of Nature Conservation EKZNW Ezemvelo KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife GEF Global Environmental Facility ICDP Integrated Conservation ad development projects IUCN The World Conservation Union KBNRM KwaZulu Bureau of Natural Resource Management KZN KwaZulu-Natal NPB Natal Parks Board VI CONTENTS ABSTRACT i DECLARATION iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv ACRONYMS v CONTENTS vi LIST OF APPENDICES ix LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Problem statement, aim and objectives 6 1.3 Why South Africa and KwaZulu-Natal? 8 1.4 Study overview 9 CHAPTER 2: CONSERVATION'S CHANGING ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE 2.1 Introduction 10 2.2 Conservation's changing environmental context 11 2.2.1 Background to conservation's changing environmental context 11 2.2.2 Phases of southern Africa's conservation policies 13 2.3 Organizational culture-an overview 21 2.3.1 Research on organizational culture 22 2.3.2 Critical and postmodernist perspectives in organizational culture research 28 2.4 Organizational culture and conservation 30 2.5 Summary 34 CHAPTER 3: THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: HERMENEUTICS, CRITICAL THEORY AND BASIC ASSUMPTIONS 3.1 Introduction 35 3.2 Theoretical framework 36 vii 3.2. J Hermeneuticphilosophy 36 3.2.2 Critical theory 40 3.2.3 Giddens and the 'theory of structuration' 41 3.3 Conceptual framework 48 3.3.1 Schein's concept of culture 49 3.3.2 Schein's framework of culture 50 3.3.3 Schein on strategy and organizational culture 55 3.3.4 Schein on leadership and culture 62 3.3.5 Schein on culture and organizational learning 63 3.4 Implications for research 64 3.5 Summary 66 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH SETTING AND METHODOLOGY 4.1 Introduction 68 4.2 Research setting: overview of the case 68 4.2.1 A brief history of formal conservation in KwaZulu-Natal 69 4.3 Research design 75 4.3.1 Case study approach 76 4.4 Sampling 79 4.5 Methods and data collection 80 4.5.1 Observations 81 4.5.2 Documentary review 82 4.5.3 Interviews 82 4.6 Data analysis and interpretation 87 4.6.1 Choosing excerpts for inclusion in the text 91 4.7 Summary 92 CHAPTER 5: LEADERSHIP AND BASIC ASSUMPTIONS IN KWAZULU- NATAL'S CONSERVATION SECTOR: AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 5.1 Introduction 93 5.2 The Natal Parks Board - Founding circumstances
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Complete Dissertation
    VU Research Portal Private Wildlife Governance in a Context of Radical Uncertainty Kamuti, T. 2016 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Kamuti, T. (2016). Private Wildlife Governance in a Context of Radical Uncertainty: Dynamics of Game Farming Policy and Practice in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Vrije Universiteit. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 29. Sep. 2021 VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT Private Wildlife Governance in a Context of Radical Uncertainty Dynamics of Game Farming Policy and Practice in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr. V. Subramaniam, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van de promotiecommissie van de Faculteit der Sociale Wetenschappen op woensdag 22 juni 2016 om 13.45 uur in de aula van de universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105 door Tariro Kamuti geboren te Mt Darwin, Zimbabwe promotoren: prof.dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Jack Vincent MBE (Photograph
    Ohiluaries 97 Lorraine Kellley Bonakelc Ntshal intshal i (PhotoKraph. The ,":ata! Witness) (Photograph: The ,1I,'ala! Witness) Professor Patrick Smythe Col. Jack Vincent MBE (Photograph. The Natal Witness) Hubert von Klemperer Natalia 29 (1999) Copyright © Natal Society Foundation 2010 Ohituaries 101 would attend an overseas congress as the keynote speaker, wearing khaki longs, held up by baling twine?! Above all else, he had an abiding interest in and love of people and his family. its heritage and future. For instance, he and a cousin recently spent months researching and restoring the family cemetery on the original Smythe family farm, Strathearn. Their efforts culminated in a wonderful, two-hundred-strong gathering of the Smythe clan where Pat gave a talk and planted a Pepperwell Oak. One of his greatest joys was welcoming guests to Allandale. Nothing gave him more pleasure than driving guests around the farm and also debating issues at the dining room table. No topic was closed to his open and enquiring mind whether moral. philosophical, Christian or topical matters. At his memorial service, Professor John Hansen said 'As a person Pat was a wonderful warm friend of countless colloogues and families. Many of these and VIPs from overseas visited him at Allandale. This kind and generous man, who can be regarded as one of the greats in South African paediatrics during the last 50 years. will be sadly missed.' SUSAN SMYTHE Jack Vincent (1904 999) Jack Vincent was born in London in 1904. He went to school at Willington, before earning a scholarship to Christ's Hospital at Horsham, Sussex, where he went at the tender age of 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation
    Darwin Initiative Award 15/036: Monitoring and Managing Biodiversity Loss in South-East Africa's Montane Ecosystems MT MABU, MOZAMBIQUE: BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION November 2012 Jonathan Timberlake, Julian Bayliss, Françoise Dowsett-Lemaire, Colin Congdon, Bill Branch, Steve Collins, Michael Curran, Robert J. Dowsett, Lincoln Fishpool, Jorge Francisco, Tim Harris, Mirjam Kopp & Camila de Sousa ABRI african butterfly research in Forestry Research Institute of Malawi Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 2 Front cover: Main camp in lower forest area on Mt Mabu (JB). Frontispiece: View over Mabu forest to north (TT, top); Hermenegildo Matimele plant collecting (TT, middle L); view of Mt Mabu from abandoned tea estate (JT, middle R); butterflies (Lachnoptera ayresii) mating (JB, bottom L); Atheris mabuensis (JB, bottom R). Photo credits: JB – Julian Bayliss CS ‒ Camila de Sousa JT – Jonathan Timberlake TT – Tom Timberlake TH – Tim Harris Suggested citation: Timberlake, J.R., Bayliss, J., Dowsett-Lemaire, F., Congdon, C., Branch, W.R., Collins, S., Curran, M., Dowsett, R.J., Fishpool, L., Francisco, J., Harris, T., Kopp, M. & de Sousa, C. (2012). Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation. Report produced under the Darwin Initiative Award 15/036. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London. 94 pp. Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 3 LIST OF CONTENTS List of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 3 List of Tables .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Ibis, Journal of the British Ornithologists' Union: a Pre-Synthesis Poredacted for Privacy Abstract Approved: Paul L
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Kristin Renee Johnson for the degree of Master of Science in History of Science, th presented on August 7 , 2000. Title: The Ibis, Journal of the British Ornithologists' Union: A Pre-Synthesis poRedacted for privacy Abstract approved: Paul L. Farber In 1959 the British Ornithological journal, The Ibis, published a centenary commemorative volume on the history of ornithology in Britain. Over the previous few decades, the contributors to this volume had helped focus the attention of ornithologists on the methods, priorities, and problems of modem biology, specifically the theory ofevolution by natural selection and the study ofecology and behaviour. Various new institutions like the Edward Grey Institute ofField Ornithology symbolized the increasing professionalization of both the discipline's institutional networks and publications, which the contents of The Ibis reflected in its increasing number ofcontributions from university educated ornithologists working on specific biological problems. In looking back on the history of their discipline, the contributors to this centenary described both nineteenth century ornithology and the continued dominance oftraditional work in the pages of The Ibis in distinctive ways. They characterized them as oriented around specimens, collections, the seemingly endless gathering of facts, without reference to theoretical problems. The centenary contributors then juxtaposed this portrait in opposition to the contents ofa modem volume, with its use of statistics, graphs, and tables, and the focus ofornithologists on both natural selection and the living bird in its natural environment. This thesis returns to the contents ofthe pre-1940s volumes of The Ibis in order to examine the context and intent ofthose ornithologists characterized as "hide-bound" by the centenary contributors.
    [Show full text]
  • The Maintenance of Wilderness Diversity in Africa K.L
    In October 1977 South Africa hosted the first international World Wilderness Congress. Delegates to the congress came from 26 countries; among them were statesmen and artists, scientists and poets, writers and businessmen and indigenous people from many parts of the globe. All came with the intention of expressing their hopes, fears and plans for the world's wilderness on an international platform. They came to establish a world understanding of the need for conservation, to make known to the public and the administrators of nations the fact that commercial and industrial growth must go hand in hand with the setting aside and preservation of more wild and natural areas. They came to establish a world wilderness order. Voices of the Wilderness is an edited compilation of papers presented to this congress. It will provide a worthy souvenir of the event for those who attended the congress, but more than this, it gives valuable insight into the problems threatening wilderness and wildlife throughout the world for all lovers of nature and the wild. Among the eminent contributors to the book are Laurens van der Post, (who has also written the foreword) Robert Ardrey, Iain Douglas-Hamilton, Ian Player, Edmund d.e Rothschild and a host of other renowned conservationists. Voices of the Wilderness is a handsome volume which should find a place in the library of every nature lover. International .... · WIidernessLeadnhlp ,-; Foundation 211 West Magnolia Vance G. Martin Fort Collins, CO USA 80521 President TEL (303) 498-0303 TU< 9103506389 FAX (303) 498-0403 Voices of the Wilderness Edited by Ian Player Jonathan Ball Publishers All rights reseived.
    [Show full text]
  • Mt Namuli, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation
    Darwin Initiative Award 15/036: Monitoring and Managing Biodiversity Loss in South-East Africa's Montane Ecosystems MT NAMULI, MOZAMBIQUE: BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION February 2009 Jonathan Timberlake, Francoise Dowsett-Lemaire, Julian Bayliss, Tereza Alves, Susana Baena, Carlos Bento, Katrina Cook, Jorge Francisco, Tim Harris, Paul Smith & Camila de Sousa ABRI african butterfly research instit Forestry Research Institute of Malawi Biodiversity of Mt Namuli, Mozambique, 2009, page 2 of 115 Front cover: Namuli peaks with Ukalini forest below (JT). Frontispiece: Mts Pesse & Pesani above Muretha plateau (JT, top); campsite. Muretha plateau (JT, middle L); dwarf chameleon (JB, middle R); Pavetta sp. nov? (TH, bottom L); Mt Namuli & Ukalini forest from air (CS, bottom R). Suggested citation: Timberlake, J.R., Dowsett-Lemaire, F., Bayliss, J., Alves T., Baena, S., Bento, C., Cook, K., Francisco, J., Harris, T., Smith, P. & de Sousa, C. (2009). Mt Namuli, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation. Report produced under the Darwin Initiative Award 15/036. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London. 114 p. Biodiversity of Mt Namuli, Mozambique, 2009, page 3 of 115 LIST OF CONTENTS LIST OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................... 3 LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... 5 LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • BES 6.0 the Njesi Expedition
    Biodiversity ExpressExpress SurveySurvey The NjesiNjesi PlateauPlateau expedition,expedition, Niassa, Mozambique November 20162016 Biodiversity Express Survey Express Biodiversity 7.0 Biodiversity Express Survey 6.3 Express Biodiversity Biodiversity Inventory for Conservation Biodiversity Inventory for Conservation 1 Biodiversity Express Survey (BES) 6.3, The Njesi Plateau expedition, Niassa, Mozambique November 2016 Biodiversity Inventory for Conservation (BINCO) http://www.binco.eu [email protected] Editors: Sam Jones ([email protected]) , Merlijn Jocque ([email protected]) Contributing authors: Justin Clause, Lore Geeraert, Gabriel Jamie, Emidio Sumbane, Tim van Berkel Publication date: Version 6.3 - 25 October 2017 Picture covers: 1. Aerial view of the slopes of Mt Chitagal (Picture: Mac Stone) 2. Artisornis moreaui (Picture: Mac Stone) 1 3. Hyperolius sp. (Picture: Justin Clause) 4. Chameleo dilepis (Picture: Justin Clause) 2 3 4 Biodiversity Express Surveys (BES) are snapshot biodiversity studies of carefully selected regions. Expeditions typically target understudied and/or threatened areas with an urgent need for more information on the occurring fauna and flora. The results are presented in an Express Report that is made publicly available online for anybody to use and can be found at www.BINCO.eu. Teams consist of a small number of international specialists and local scientists. Results presented in Express Reports are dynamic and will be updated as new information on identifications from the survey become available. Suggested citation: Jones S.E.I., Clause J.K., Geeraert L., Jamie G.A., Sumbane E., van Berkel, T. and Jocque M. (2017) The Njesi Plateau expedition: a biological assessment of Mt Chitagal, Mt Sanga and the Njesi Plateau in Niassa Province, Mozambique.
    [Show full text]
  • IN MEMORIAM: ERNST SUTTER, 1914&Ndash
    October2000] In Memoriam 1031 The Auk 117(4):1031-1032, 2000 IN MEMORIAM: ERNST SUTTER, 1914-1999 RAFFAEL WINKLER • AND LUC SCHIFFERLI 2 •NaturalHistory Museum, P.O. Box 1048, CH-4001 Basel,Switzerland; and 2SwissOrnithological Institute, CH-6204 Sempach,Switzerland Ernst Sutter died on 9 November 1999 after a Sutter's other main interests concerned avian short illness. He was born in Basel, Switzer- growth patterns.As a student of Professor land,on 7 August1914 and was educated there. Adolf Portmann, a leading zoologist and an- As a schoolboy,he was in the field well before thropologistinvolved in juveniledevelopment the first morninglessons started. In the 1930s, of birds in an evolutionarycontext, Sutter orig- togetherwith the SwissOrnithological Insti- inally workedon growthand functionaldevel- tute,he participatedin the firstpioneering field opmentof the brain and body as well as on courses to band and measure birds in their mi- molt and feathergrowth. His major publica- grationthrough the Alps. He completedhis tions coveredwoodpeckers, the White Stork, Ph.D.thesis on growthand developmentof the and growthand molt in buttonquailsand gal- avian brain in Galliformes and Passeriformes in liforms. Late in life, Sutter reanalyzed some of 1943under the supervisionof ProfessorAdolf his originaldata, and in his last dayshe com- Portmann.Two yearslater, he becameCurator pletedediting a final manuscriptin the hospi- of the Bird Collectionof the Natural History tal. An enormous amount of information on Museumin Basel.Following his retirementin molt and feathergrowth was incorporatedin 1980, he continued his scientific work on an the Handbuchder VdigelMitteleuropas by Glutz von Blotzheim and Bauer, and Stresemann and honorarybasis until his death,thus serving the Baselmuseum for 55 years.
    [Show full text]
  • 6 the Njesi Plateau Expedition
    Biodiversity ExpressExpress SurveySurvey The NjesiNjesi PlateauPlateau expedition,expedition, Niassa, Mozambique November 20162016 Preliminary report Biodiversity Express Survey Express Biodiversity 7.0 Biodiversity Express Survey 6.0 Express Biodiversity Biodiversity Inventory for Conservation Biodiversity Inventory for Conservation 1 Biodiversity Express Survey (BES) 6.0, The Njesi Plateau expedition, Niassa, Mozambique November 2016 Biodiversity Inventory for Conservation (BINCO) http://www.binco.eu [email protected] Editors: Sam Jones, Merlijn Jocque Contributing authors: Justin Clause, Lore Geeraert, Gabriel Jamie, Pim Niesten, Mac Stone, Emidio Sunbane, Tim van Berkel Publication date: Version 6.0 - 17 December 2016 Picture covers: 1. Njesi Plateau (Picture: Mac Stone) 2. Artisornis moreaui (Picture: Mac Stone) 1 3. Afrixalus sp. (Picture: Justin Clause) 4. Chameleo dilepis (Picture: Justin Clause) 2 3 4 Biodiversity Express Surveys (BES) are snapshot biodiversity studies of carefully selected regions. Expeditions typically target understudied and/or threatened areas with an urgent need for more information on the occurring fauna and flora. The results are presented in an Express Report (ER) that is made publicly available online for anybody to use and can be found at www.BINCO.eu. Teams consist of a small number of international specialists and local scientists. Results presented in Express Reports are dynamic and will be updated as new information on identifications from the survey and from observations in the area become available. Suggested citation: Jones S.E.I., Clause J., Geeraert L., Jamie G., Sunbane E., van Berkel T. and Jocque M.J. (2016). Biodiversity Express Survey, The Njesi Plateau expedition: a biological assessment of Mt Chitagal, Mt Sanga and the Njesi Plateau in Niassa Province, Mozambique.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study of Forest Research Organization and Policy
    A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FOREST RESEARCH ORGANIZATION AND POLICY by JACK VINCENT THIRGOOD B.Sc, University of Wales, 1950 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF FORESTRY in the Faculty of FORESTRY We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA November i960 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia., I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of Silviculture State University College of Forestry at Syracuse University. Syracuse, New York, U.S.A. Date - November 25, i960 i ABSTRACT An attempt is made to evaluate the various concepts and to identify the orderly processes that allow of the efficient conduct of forestry research. Differing national research patterns are discussed. Emphasis is on the organization of forestry research from the viewpoint of public and quasi-official bodies. The scope of forestry research is considered. It is stressed that for• estry research to be purposeful must be reflected in the prac• tice of forestry. Importance is attached to the maintenance of close relationships between research officers and forestry practitioners and consideration is given to the means by which this may be attained.
    [Show full text]
  • BLEC 2017-03.Cdr
    Bee-eater 68 (1), March 2017 2 EDITORIAL It was a great pleasure, as always, to be back in Port Elizabeth at the start of the year and to have the privilege of talking to the club at the January meeting. That evening, I pointed out that I had received no material at all, other than sightings, for the coming Bee-eater but am pleased to say that following a subsequent plea for articles from our chair, we now have what I hope you will agree is an interesting read. In addition to a variety of articles and observations there is also a review of the new Roberts Field Guide. Sadly, at the end of last year and at the beginning of this, the Eastern Cape lost two of its finest ornithologists. Both André Boshoff and Norbert Klages made major contributions to the study of birds in this province and will be sorely missed but they leave a rich legacy behind, particularly in the study of raptors and seabirds. It has been a summer to remember for rare birds, especially for those in the Western Cape, but the Eastern Cape has also had its share of unusual sightings, including a glut of Honey Buzzard records and an obliging Bateleur in the Alexandria district. My thanks as always go to all those who contributed articles, sightings and photographs, and to Jean Munro for putting it all together. Phil Whittington NAMING THE MOUNTAIN PIPIT – AN UNOFFICIAL HISTORY Adrian Craig, Department of Zoology & Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown Soon after I arrived in the Eastern Cape in the 1980's, I spent a few days in the Rhodes area with a collecting party from Durban Museum.
    [Show full text]
  • 6 the Njesi Plateau Expedition
    Biodiversity ExpressExpress SurveySurvey The NjesiNjesi PlateauPlateau expedition,expedition, Niassa, Mozambique November 20162016 Biodiversity Express Survey Express Biodiversity 7.0 Biodiversity Express Survey 6.3 Express Biodiversity Biodiversity Inventory for Conservation Biodiversity Inventory for Conservation 1 Biodiversity Express Survey (BES) 6.3, The Njesi Plateau expedition, Niassa, Mozambique November 2016 Biodiversity Inventory for Conservation (BINCO) http://www.binco.eu [email protected] Editors: Sam Jones ([email protected]) , Merlijn Jocque ([email protected]) Contributing authors: Justin Clause, Lore Geeraert, Gabriel Jamie, Emidio Sunbane, Tim van Berkel Publication date: Version 6.3 - 25 October 2017 Picture covers: 1. Aerial view of the slopes of Mt Chitagal (Picture: Mac Stone) 2. Artisornis moreaui (Picture: Mac Stone) 1 3. Hyperolius sp. (Picture: Justin Clause) 4. Chameleo dilepis (Picture: Justin Clause) 2 3 4 Biodiversity Express Surveys (BES) are snapshot biodiversity studies of carefully selected regions. Expeditions typically target understudied and/or threatened areas with an urgent need for more information on the occurring fauna and flora. The results are presented in an Express Report that is made publicly available online for anybody to use and can be found at www.BINCO.eu. Teams consist of a small number of international specialists and local scientists. Results presented in Express Reports are dynamic and will be updated as new information on identifications from the survey become available. Suggested citation: Jones S.E.I., Clause J.K., Geeraert L., Jamie G.A., Patel, H., Sumbane E., van Berkel, T. and Jocque M. (2017) The Njesi Plateau expedition: a biological assessment of Mt Chitagal, Mt Sanga and the Njesi Plateau in Niassa Province, Mozambique.
    [Show full text]