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Lipara (Diptera: Chloropidae) Jako Univerzita Hradec Králové Přírodovědecká fakulta Katedra biologie Lipara (Diptera: Chloropidae) jako Hálky zelenušek rodu Aculeata) hnízdiště žahadlových blanokřídlých Hymenoptera: Disertační práce Autor: Mgr. Alena Astapenková Studijní program: Biologie D Studijní obor: Aplikovaná biologie a ekologie (DR-BI) Vedoucí práce: Doc. Mgr. Petr Bogusch, Ph.D. Hradec Králové duben 2017 Univerzita Hradec Králové Přírodovědecká fakulta Zadání dizertační práce Autor: Mgr. Alena Astapenková Studijní program: Biologie D Studijní obor: Aplikovaná biologie a ekologie (DR-BI) Název práce: Lipara (Diptera: Chloropidae) jako Hálky zelenušek rodu hnízdištěAculeata) žahadlových blanokřídlých Hymenoptera: Název práce v AJ: Cigar galls of Lipara (Diptera: Chloropidae) flies as nest sites of aculeate Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) Cíl a metody práce: hnízdících v Lipara na rákosu obecném.Cílem práce V rámcije studium tohoto žahadlových projektu budou blanokřídlých zpracovány hálkách zelenušek rodu seznamy druhů využívajících tyto hálky jako hnízdní dutiny se zaměřením na specializaci konkrétních druhů na hálky a různé typy mokřadů. Proběhne i studium morfologie hnízd a maturních larev jednotlivých druhů, závislosti druhů na budeznečištění práce prostředí, a marginálně i výzkum dalších vbezobratlých, hálkách a jejich kteří vazbou využívají na hostitele. hálky zelenušek. Kromě toho se týkat i parazitoidů zelenušek a blanokřídlých katedra biologie GarantujícíVedoucí práce: pracoviště: Doc. Mgr. Petr Bogusch,Přírodovědecké Ph.D. fakulty UHK Oponent: Oponent: prof.Mgr. JakubRNDr. Straka, Zdeněk Ph.D. Laštůvka, CSc. Datum zadání práce: 5. 2. 2016 Datum odevzdání práce: 7. 4. 2017 Prohlášení: vypracovala Prohlašuji, že jsem dizertační práci kterých jsemsamostatně vycházela. a že jsem v seznamu použité literatury uvedla všechny prameny, z V Hradci Králové dne 7. 4. 2017 Mgr. Alena Astapenková Poděkování: svému vedoucímu práce, Doc. Mgr. Petru Boguschovi, Ph.D., Tímto bych ráda poděkovala y zav odborné vedení při zpracování mé. dizertační práce, za cenné rady naa připomínk odborných průběhu celého doktorskéhoRNDr. Miro studia Dále děkuji kolegům za spolupráci článcích,Univerzita jmenovitěKarlova v Praze), Ing. slavu Kolaříkovi,, Ph.D.Ph.D. Přírodovědecká fakulta, Praha) a Ing. Janu Havelkovi, CSc.Štěpánu Kubíkovi Česká zemědělská univerzita,vice). V ovalaEntomologický RNDr. Petru ústav Henebergovi, AV ČR, České Ph.D. Budějo fakulta,neposlední Univerzita řadě Karlovabych ráda v Praze) poděk za zpracování analýz a za pomoc . lékařská terénu. Tato práce a publikace s ní spojené vznikly z při práci v Specifického výzkumu Univerzity Hradec Králové,a finanční uvedených podpory v jednotlivýchgrantových publikacích. projektů Anotace: ASTAPENKOVÁ, A. Hálky zelenušek rodu Lipara Diptera: Chloropidae jako hnízdiště žahadlových blanokřídlých Hymenoptera: Aculeata. Hradec Král práce na P ové, . Dizertační Petr Bogusch,řírodovědecké 33 s. fakultě Univerzity Hradec Králové. Vedoucí dizertační práce hálkách Cílem této práceLipara bylo na rákosustudium obecném. žahadlových Tímto výzkumemblanokřídlých se zabýváme hnízdících od rokuv 2013 zelenušekdosud. V rodu rámci tohoto projektu byly zpracovány seznamy druhů využívajících tyto hálky jako hnízdní dutiny se zaměřením na specializaci konkrétníchdních rezervacích druhů naversus hálky rákosiny a různé typyna post- mokřadů např. přirozené rákosiny v mokřa 46 industriálních stanovištích. rákosovými Celkem hálky, bylo zzaznamenáno 37 druhů žahadlových blanokřídlýchk asociovaných s nichž druhů využívá tyto hálky roduhnízdění, Stelis dále bylo zjištěno šest parazitoidů z čeledi Chrysididae hálkách a tři kukaččíbyl včely Pemphredon. fabriciiNejdominantnějším zaznamenaným hálkách druhemspecializuje. v U tohoto druhustopčík byl , který se na hnízdění v ísní, které popsán nový typ larev progresivního krmení larev. aDále byly byla zjištěny popsaná hlavní struktura druhy pl hnízd u 13 způsobují úhyn tohoto i dalších byl druhůzhotoven popis 16 maturních larev druhů žahadlových a také blanokřídlých larvy parazitické a Thyridanthrax fenestratus. Bylžahadlových sestaven blanokřídlých černule seznam druhů bezobratlých živočichů, zejména hmyzu, kteří využívajíivých rákosové podmínek. hálky jako zdroj potravy, hnízdiště, úkryt či jako místo pro přečkání nepřízn : diverzita,Klíčová slova bioindikace, maskonoska Hylaeus pectoralis, hnízdní kleptoparazit, Penicillium buchwaldii Annotation: ASTAPENKOVÁ, A. Cigar galls of Lipara (Diptera: Chloropidae) flies as nest sites of aculeate Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera: Aculeata). Hradec Králové 2017. Dissertation at Faculty of Science University of Hradec Králové. Dissertation Supervisor Petr Bogusch, 33 p. The aim of this study were aculeate Hymenoptera nesting in cigar galls of Lipara flies on common reed. We are working on this project from the year 2013 till now. Within this project, list of all species using these galls as nest cavities was prepared and specialization of every species was evaluated. Also the difference between inhabiting of natural reed beds in wetland reservation versus reed beds in post-industrial sites was evaluated. Forty six species of Hymenoptera: Aculeata are known to be associated with reed galls, of which 37 make their nests there, and the other are six parasitoids of the family Chrysididae and three cuckoo bees of the genus Stelis. The most dominant species recorded was crabronid wasp Pemphredon fabricii, the specialist on nesting in reed galls. We have described new type of progressive provisioning as typical parental behaviour of this species and also the main fungal species with significant negative effect on its brood. The nest structure of 13 species was recorded and also the description of mature larvae of 16 species and one parasitic fly Thyridanthrax fenestratus was described. The list of all invertebrate species, particularly the insect species, using the cigar galls for food source, nest site, shelter or place for overwintering was compiled. Key words: diversity, bioindication, Hylaeus pectoralis, nest cleptoparasite, Penicillium buchwaldii OBSAH 1 ÚVOD 9 2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........12 TEORETICKÁ2.1 Hálky ČÁST…………………………………………………………………………… a hálkotvorné organ …………… 12 2 Lipara Meiizmy…………………………………………………………………14 2. Zelenušky rodu gen, …………………………………………………………18 2. Hálky jako úkryt či hnízdiště…………………………………………………………………….. v 21 2. Žahadloví blanokřídlí rákosových hálkách……………………………………………… v rákosových hálkách 28 2.6. Bioindikace žahadlových blanokřídlých ……………...........29 3 Literatura……………………………………………………………………………… ………………… PŘÍLOHY3.1 HENEBERG P., BOGUSCH P. & ASTAPENKOVÁ A. 2014: Reed galls serve as an underestimated but critically important resource for an assemblage of aculeate hymenopterans. Biological Conservation 172: 146-154. 3.2 BOGUSCH P., ASTAPENKOVÁ A. & HENEBERG P. 2015: Larvae and Nests of Six Aculeate Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) Nesting in Reed Galls Induced by Lipara spp. (Diptera: Chloropidae) with a Review of Species Recorded. PLoS ONE 10: e0130802. M., ASTAPENKOVÁ A. & BOGUSCH. HENEBERGP. 2016: AssemblageP., BIZOS J., ofČMOKOVÁ filamentous A., KOLAŘÍK fungi associated with aculeate hymenopteran brood in reed galls. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 133: 95-106. 3.4 BOGUSCH P., MACEK J., M.,JANŠTA ASTAPENKOVÁ P., KUBÍK A.Š., & ŘEZÁČHENEBERG M., HOLÝP. 2016: K., MALENOVSKÝIndustrial and post-industrialI., BAŇAŘ P., habitatsMIKÁT serve as a criticial refugia for pioneer species of newly identified arthropod assemblages associated with reed galls. Biodiversity Conservation 25: 827-863. 3.5 ASTAPENKOVÁ A., HENEBERG P. & BOGUSCH P. 2017: Larvae and Nests of Aculeata Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) Nesting in Reed Galls Induced by Lipara spp. (Diptera: Chloropidae) with a Review of Species Recorded. Part II. PLoS ONE 12: e0169592. 3.6 BOGUSCH P., HAVELKA J., ASTAPENKOVÁ A. & HENEBERG P. 2017: New type of progressive provisioning as a characteristic parental behavior of the crabronid wasp Pemphredon fabricii (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae). Ethology, Ecology & Evolution, accepted. 1 ÚVOD Úvod k rákosových této dizertační Liparapráci obsahuje rešerši o druzích bezobratlých v hálkách zelenušek rodu se zaměřením na žahadlové blanokřídlé, kteří tyto hálky využívají k hnízdění. Úvodní rešerše je vyčerpávají, ale nejsou v ní podrobně opakovány detailní informace, které jsou obsažené v přiložených článcích.pitola shrnuje základní a obecné Teoretická část zahrnuje podkapitol. První ka informaceVe druhé o hálkách, jejich charakteru a původcích, se zaměřením na hmyz. a kapitole jsou uvedeny druhy zelenušek vyskytující se na našem území, jsou komentovány rozdíly mezi dospělci a rozdíly mezi hálkami, které tyto zelenušky vytvářejí. Je zmíněno, které z hálek jsou vhodné pro hnízdění žahadlových blanokřídlých. Další kapitola shrnuje využívání rákosových hálek bezobratlými živočichy, zejména hmyzem. Hálky slouží jako zdroj potravy, úkryt, hnízdiště, místo pro přezimování či přečkání nepříznivých podmínek. Hálkoví inkvilíni slouží jako hostitelé pro parazitoidy čibezobratlých, hnízdní kleptoparazity. které v hálkách Tato najdeme. kapitola přináší i informace o nejpočetnějších druzích Další kapitola představuje všechny druhy žahadlových blanokřídlých,specialisty nakteří rákosové hálky využívají k hnízdění či k parazitaci. Tyto druhy jsou rozděleny na , hálky,a mokřadní druhy, které rákosovév hálky využívají pouze příležitostně. V všudypřítomné druhy, které hnízdí rozličných typech dutin včetně rákosových hálek kapitoleV jsou uvedeny
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