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The Geotechnical Maps for Gypsum by Using Gis for Najaf City (Najaf - Iraq)

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The Geotechnical Maps for Gypsum by Using Gis for Najaf City (Najaf - Iraq) International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 7, Issue 4, July-August 2016, pp. 329–338 Article ID: IJCIET_07_04_028 Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=7&Issue=4 ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 © IAEME Publication THE GEOTECHNICAL MAPS FOR GYPSUM BY USING GIS FOR NAJAF CITY (NAJAF - IRAQ) Asst. Prof. Kadhim Naief Kadhim and Ghufran Ahmed Jwad Al-Baaj Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Babylon University, Iraq ABSTRACT In this research presents the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to production a Geotechnical maps for gypsum for soil of AL-Najaf Governorate- Iraq. As well as description the layer of soil. Geotechnical maps provide a powerful database and strong visual presentation of geotechnical data. This research is performed in several stages that started with get a space map and administrative boundaries of the study area then collect the data required for the research from National Center for Construction Laboratories (NCCL) and AL- Mawal Company for soil investigation. Then enter this data to the program (ArcGIS9.3) after determining their position using a GPS. The total number of test wells used in this research (28) well them depth up to (6m). Results obtained from this research stressed the possibility of producing Geotechnical maps for gypsum in AL-Najaf. This Geotechnical maps can provide a description fast and easy access to these properties such as gypsum. Key words: Geotechnical Maps and Geotechnical Maps by Using GIS. Cite this Article: Kadhim Naief Kadhim and Ghufran Ahmed Jwad Al-Baaj, The Geotechnical Maps For Gypsum by Using GIS For Najaf City (Najaf - Iraq). International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(4), 2016, pp.329–338. http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=7&Issue=4 1. INTRODUCTION Geographical information systems (GIS) have developed over the years as a very important tool for graphic representation of geospatial data. Geotechnical, geologic and hydrologic data as represented on GIS based maps has put a great impact on civil engineering, especially in regards to how subsurface geospatial data is communicated with clients and with people at large. GIS has evolved as the principal technical communication medium over the last four decades because data represented in GIS formats can be widely and easily disseminated through the World Wide Web. In this research will be used GIS program (Geographic Information System) because it is suitable to the requirements of search. This study will be discus some Geotechnical properties for soil of residential areas of AL-Najaf Governorate. This Geotechnical properties are: Gypsum (gyp) and Soil layer description. The property that will be analyzed by GIS is quality of gypsum other properties will be analyzed according to the result of lab tests as will show later. http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 329 [email protected] Kadhim Naief Kadhim and Ghufran Ahmed Jwad Al-Baaj 2. STUDY AREA The studied area is located in AL-Najaf Governorate at the southwest of Iraq away from the capital Baghdad at about 161km southwest as shown in fig(1). It has an area of 29000 Km2. It constitutes approximately 7% of Iraq's total area .Its geographical area extends between longitudes (42º – 44º45’) Eastwards and (29º50’–32º21’) latitudes Northwards by degrees system. Figure 1 Location of Najaf City http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 330 [email protected] The Geotechnical Maps For Gypsum by Using GIS For Najaf City (Najaf - Iraq) 3. DATA COLACTION The data that used in this research took from the National Center for Construction Laboratories (NCCL) reports and AL- Mawal Company for soil investigation. Data collected concerning to (28) test boreholes are distributed randomly on residential area in AL-Najaf city; this test boreholes have depth up to (6 m). 4. GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES 4.1. SOIL LAYER DESCRIPTION Soil layer is one of physical soil properties. According to the data that collected, soil of AL-Najaf city is a layered soil, this layers are: silty sand, clayey sand , gypsum and sand distributed randomly on the depths as in figure (2) that shows some samples of boreholes in AL-Najaf city, the other boreholes are similar to these bore holes approximately. Figure 2 Samples of boreholes in Najaf City. http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 331 [email protected] Kadhim Naief Kadhim and Ghufran Ahmed Jwad Al-Baaj 4.2. Gypsum (Gyp) Gypsum is one important of engineering soil properties. In this research gypsum analyzed by GIS version (ArcGIS 9.3). After entering the data of gyp in the program has been producing geotechnical color maps represent gyp distributed to residential areas for each (1.5m) depth up to the depth (6m) as shown in maps (1,2,…….., 4). Depending on these geotechnical color maps concluded the following: maximum gyp is (16%) at Residential project north of Najaf at depth (6m) bounded by the coordinates (434743.708, 3551172.550) and (435401.383 , 3550062.724), minimum gyp is ( 0.0397%) at Residential project north of Najaf at depth (6m) bounded by the coordinates (431167.603, 3553844.353), (432893.999, 3553186.678), (433181.732, 3551213.655) and substation gas power south of Najaf at depth (6m) bounded by the coordinates (441537.333, 3538143.168). So by knowing the amount of gypsum in the region, we can put the solutions to processing this problem when engineering projects constructed over the soil and determine the quality of the cement used for foundations. http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 332 [email protected] The Geotechnical Maps For Gypsum by Using GIS For Najaf City (Najaf - Iraq) Map (1): Distribution of (gyp%) in Najaf City at depth (1.5m) from N.G.L. http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 333 [email protected] Kadhim Naief Kadhim and Ghufran Ahmed Jwad Al-Baaj Map (2): Distribution of (gyp%) in Najaf City at depth (3m) from N.G.L. http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 334 [email protected] The Geotechnical Maps For Gypsum by Using GIS For Najaf City (Najaf - Iraq) Map (3) Distribution of (gyp%) in Najaf City at depth (4.5m) from N.G.L. http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 335 [email protected] Kadhim Naief Kadhim and Ghufran Ahmed Jwad Al-Baaj Map (4) Distribution of (gyp%) in Najaf City at depth (6m) from N.G.L. http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 336 [email protected] The Geotechnical Maps For Gypsum by Using GIS For Najaf City (Najaf - Iraq) 5. CONCLUSION 1. The introduction of the geographic information system (GIS) in the work concerning geotechnical engineering helped in linking those properties to known and specific locations. This integration made it possible to generate missing spatial data to cope with existing geographically referenced data and the corresponding attribute information. It also resulted in the possibility of performing modeling and simulation for specific requirement 2. Soil of Al-Najaf city is a layered soil, this layers are: clayey sand, silty sand, gypsum and sand distributed randomly on the depths. 3. Maximum gyp (16%) at Residential project north of Najaf at depth (6m) bounded by the coordinates (434743.708, 3551172.550) and (435401.383 , 3550062.724), minimum gyp is ( 0.0397%) at Residential project north of Najaf at depth (6m) bounded by the coordinates (431167.603, 3553844.353), (432893.999 , 3553186.678) , (433181.732 , 3551213.655) and substation gas power south of Najaf at depth ( 6m) bounded by the coordinates (441537.333 , 3538143.168). 4. By knowing the amount of gypsum in the soil can be processing using the appropriate cement, as well as to protect the foundation of buildings. REFERENCES [1] National Center for Construction Laboratories (NCCL). [2] AL- Mawal Company for soil investigation. [3] Kadhim Naief Kadhim and Ahmed Awad Matr Al-Abody, The Geotechnical Maps For Bearing Capacity by Using GIS and Quality of Ground Water For Al-Imam District (BABIL - IRAQ), International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET),2015. [4] Mohammed Kazem Jawad Al-Khafaji, Cartography Representation of The Geographical Characteristics of AL- Najaf Governorate, Submitted to Council Collage of Arts Athesis University of Kufa, 2012. [5] Sharma, B., Rahman, S. K. and Saikia, B.D, Use of GIS Based Maps For Preliminary Assessment of Subsoil of Guwahati City, Research, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, India, 2013. [6] Al-Saoudi, N. K. S., Kadhim, M. M. and Ziboon A. T, Digital Geotechnical Maps of Basrah City Using Geographical Information Systems Technique, Research, Department of Building and Construction Engineering, University of Technology, Iraq, Eng. & Tech. Journal, 31(4), 2013. [7] Anu K., Jyothypriya C.G. and Vijayalakshmi, T.S., Bore Hole Data Management and Analysis Using GIS, Research, Department of IES, College of Engineering, Chittilappilly, Thrissur, India, December,2013. [8] Sharma, B., Rahman, S. K. and Saikia, B.D, Use of GIS Based Maps For Preliminary Assessment of Subsoil of Guwahati City, Research, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, India, 2013. http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 337 [email protected] Kadhim Naief Kadhim and Ghufran Ahmed Jwad Al-Baaj [9] Mustafa Hamid Abdulwahid and Kadhim Naief Kadhim, Application of Inverse Routing Methods to Euphrates River (IRAQ). International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 4(1), 2013, pp. 97 - 109. [10] Mohammed Mustafa Mahmood, Digital geotechnical map of Baghdad city Al-Rasafah side using GIS and remote sensing techniques, A thesis submitted to the building and construction engineering department university of technology, 2006. [11] Mustafa Hamid Abdulwahid and Kadhim Naief Kadhim, Application of Inverse Routing Methods To Euphrates River (Iraq). International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 4(1), 2013, pp.97– 109. [12] Kadhim Naief Kadhim, Feasibility of Blending Drainage Water with River Water for Irrigation In Samawa (IRAQ).
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