DOCSLIB.ORG

The Need for Detailed Ionic Composition of the Near-Earth Plasma

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Need for Detailed Ionic Composition of the Near-Earth Plasma HeliophysicsHELIO 2050 2050 White Papers (2021) R. Ilie4094.pdf THE NEED FOR DETAILED IONIC COMPOSITION OF THE NEAR-EARTH PLASMA An impressive body of work has been devoted to the escape of H+, He+ and O+ ions from Earth’s ionosphere, and their circulation and redistribution throughout the terrestrial magneto- sphere (Schunk and Raitt, 1980; Schunk and Sojka, 1997; Winglee et al., 2002; Glocer et al., 2009; Ilie et al., 2015; Ilie and Liemohn, 2016). However, the transport and energization of N+, in addi- tion to that of O+, has not been considered by most studies, even though a number of direct and indirect measurements made to describe the ionic composition of the ionosphere-magnetosphere system, have established that N+ is a significant ion species in the ionosphere and its presence in the magnetosphere is significant. A wide range in the magnitude oftheN+ to O+ density ratio has been reported, with significant variations not only with geomagnetic activity, but also with solar cycle, season, time of day, latitude, etc (Mall et al., 2002; Christon et al., 2002). These vari- ations suggest that N+ and O+, while relatively close in mass, they obey different chemical and energization processes, and possibly follow different paths of energization. In addition, observations from the WIND STICS ISIS 2 spacecraft (Hoffman et al., 1974) indicated that not only N+, but also molecular ions were ob- served in the Earth’s magnetosphere Geotail STICS AMPTE and ionosphere. Measurements from CCE Explorer 31 Akebono SMS the Arase satellite (Miyoshi et al., MMS ISIS-2 IMS DE-1 RIMSS e-POP 2018) showed the existence of molec- OGO-6 OGOGO-2-2 IMSS Sputnik3 IMS AE-C ular ions in the Earth’s ring cur- RMS IMS rent region, even under moderate ge- omagnetic storm conditions. The 20 21 22 23 24 Low-Energy Particle experiments-Ion mass analyzer (LEPi) instrument (Asamura et al., 2018) on board the Figure 1. Sunspot number from 1958 to 2020 (black lines) in- Arase satellite clearly identified the dicative of solar cycles 19 through 24 (numbers in grey). Over- energies of the molecular ions above ∼ plotted are the “nitrogen measuring”” missions and their corre- 12 keV during most magnetic storms, sponding operating altitude (perigee to apogee) vs. time. and the average energy density ratio of the molecular ions to O+ is ∼ 3% (Seki et al., 2019). Furthermore, recent observations based on the CASSIOPE Enhanced Polar Outflow Probe (e-POP) mission data report on the presence + + + of cold atomic N , and molecular N2 and NO densities in both ion up-flows and down-flows. Interestingly enough, the densities of N+ can contribute up to 10-50% of the plasma density, at all times, independent of geomagnetic activity (Yau et al., 2019). Albeit limited, observations of outflowing nitrogen ions have been reported by early missions, spanning a wide range of altitudes, from ∼ 200 km for the Sputnik III spacecraft, to millions of km for the WIND spacecraft (see Figure 1 for their solar cycle coverage). However, most space missions lacked the possibility to reliably separate the N+ from O+ owning to their very close masses, and relatively few currently active ion spectrometers in space are capable of separating N+ from O+, therefore the observational record of its existence and significance has been overlooked. Although these observations show the importance of heavy ions in the high-altitude ionosphere and magnetosphere, the mechanisms responsible for accelerating the ionospheric heavy ions from eV to keV energies are still largely unknown. Their transport and acceleration in the ionospheric 1 HeliophysicsHELIO 2050 2050 White Papers (2021) R. Ilie4094.pdf outflow, as well as the relative abundance of the molecular ions in the low-altitude ionosphere, is still unknown. Recently, numerical simulations using the 7iPWOM Lin et al. (2020), which solves for the trans- + + + + − + + + port of H , He ,O ,N , and e , and includes three static minor ion species, NO ,N2 and O2 , showed that N+ ions play a key role in the ionospheric outflow for all conditions. Accounting for the presence of N+ ions in the lower ionosphere and their transport outwards drastically improved the polar wind solution. Furthermore, as it leads to an improved solution for He+ ions and captures their seasonal variations. Figure 2, from Lin et al. (2020) shows the simulation results from eight different sets of numerical experiments. The upward transport of these ions in the Earth’s polar ionosphere is solved for using both the 7iPWOM (solid line) and the 3iPWOM (dashed line) which only considers H+, He+,O+, and e−, and comparison with the appropriate data (dotted line) from OGO-6 and AE-C for various solar flux and seasonal conditions is presented. Understanding plasma composition requires to ultimately include a variety of ions that are cur- rently known, although neglected, to be present in the low altitude ionosphere. Spatial and tem- poral variations in the heavy ion composition can provide unique insights into the dynamics of the terrestrial magnetosphere, as heavy ions alter the plasma mass density, the Alfvén velocity, they modulate wave-particle interactions and alter the development and decay of the ring current and radiation belt (e.g. Bashir and Ilie, 2018). Summer Noon Summer Midnight Winter Noon Winter Midnight Appropriate knowl- O+ edge of the ionic N+ H+ composition will He+ guide the devel- opment of instru- SOLAR MAXIMUM mentation and space missions, capable of distinguishing between O+ and N+ ions, since the differences between O+ and N+ trans- SOLAR MINIMUM port and ener- gization are not quantified, nor un- derstood, at this 3iPWOM 7iPWOM DATA time. Further- Figure 2. Polar wind densities for H+, He+,O+, and N+ ions as predicted by 7iP- more, understand- WOM (solid line) and 3iPWOM (dashed line) under various solar and seasonal condi- ing the differen- tions. The dotted lines show the data from AE-C (solar minimum) or OGO-6 (solar tial transport of maximum). Figure from Lin et al. (2020) nitrogen and oxy- gen ions, together with molecular ions, throughout the ionosphere-magnetosphere region can also provide knowledge of: i.Exospheric morphology, which at this time is unknown. Several models to predict the exosphere density have been developed throughout the years; however, aside form their lack of temporal variation, there is strong disagreement between all models. ii.Ionospheric physics, since ionosphere-exosphere-magnetosphere coupling is controlled by the ionization at the topside ionosphere, which is strongly dependent on external driving. iv. Planetary atmospheric evolution, by providing hints about variation in the nitrogen budget with solar activity over ge- ological scales time periods. The atmospheric escape via the polar wind is highly affected by the ionospheric composition, as the escape of the nitrogen ions three gigayears ago increases by ∼ 3 2 HeliophysicsHELIO 2050 2050 White Papers (2021) R. Ilie4094.pdf orders of magnitude compared to its present value (Kislyakova et al., 2020). References R. W. Schunk, W. J. Raitt, Atomic Nitrogen and Oxygen Ions in the Daytime High-Latitude F-Region, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 85 (1980) 1255–1272. R. W. Schunk, J. J. Sojka, Global ionosphere-polar wind system during changing magnetic activity, Journal of Geophysical Research 102 (1997) 11625–11652. R. M. Winglee, D. Chua, M. Brittnacher, G. K. Parks, G. Lu, Global impact of ionospheric outflows on the dynamics of the magnetosphere and cross-polar cap potential, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics) 107 (2002) 1237. A. Glocer, G. Tóth, T. Gombosi, D. Welling, Modeling ionospheric outflows and their impact on the magnetosphere, initial results, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics) 114 (2009) 5216–+. R. Ilie, M. W. Liemohn, G. Toth, N. Yu Ganushkina, L. K. S. Daldorff, Assessing the role of oxygen on ring current formation and evolution through numerical experiments, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 120 (2015) 4656–4668. 2015JA021157. R. Ilie, M. W. Liemohn, The outflow of ionospheric nitrogen ions: a possible tracer for the altitude dependent transport and energization processes of ionospheric plasma, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics) (2016). U. Mall, S. Christon, E. Kirsch, G. Gloeckler, On the solar cycle dependence of the N+/O+ content in the magnetosphere and its relation to atomic N and O in the Earth’s exosphere, Geophysical Research Letters 29 (2002) 1593–34–3. S. P. Christon, U. Mall, T. E. Eastman, G. Gloeckler, A. T. Y. Lui, R. W. McEntire, E. C. Roelof, Solar cycle and geomagnetic N+1/O+1 variation in outer dayside magnetosphere: Possible rela- tion to topside ionosphere, Geophysical Research Letters 29 (2002) 2–1–2–3. J. H. Hoffman, W. H. Dodson, C. R. Lippincott, H. D. Hammack, Initial ion composition results from the Isis 2 satellite, Journal of Geophysical Research 79 (1974) 4246–4251. Y. Miyoshi, I. Shinohara, T. Takashima, K. Asamura, N. Higashio, T. Mitani, S. Kasahara, S. Yokota, Y. Kazama, S.-Y. Wang, et al., Geospace exploration project erg, Earth, Planets and Space 70 (2018) 101. K. Asamura, Y. Kazama, S. Yokota, S. Kasahara, Y. Miyoshi, Low-energy particle experiments–ion mass analyzer (lepi) onboard the erg (arase) satellite, Earth, Planets and Space 70 (2018) 70. K. Seki, K. Keika, S. Kasahara, S. Yokota, T. Hori, K. Asamura, N. Higashio, M. Takada, Y. Ogawa, A. Matsuoka, et al., Statistical properties of molecular ions in the ring current observed by the arase (erg) satellite, Geophysical Research Letters 46 (2019) 8643–8651. A. Yau, V. Foss, A. H. Abstracts, EBSCOhost | 140486134 | Swarm-E (e-POP) Observations of Atomic N+ and Molecular Ions in Topside Ion Up-flows and Down-flows: Occurrence Characteris- tics and Impact on Magnetosphere-Plasmasphere-Thermosphere Coupling., search.ebscohost.com (2019). M.-Y. Lin, R.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Information Summaries
    TIROS 8 12/21/63 Delta-22 TIROS-H (A-53) 17B S National Aeronautics and TIROS 9 1/22/65 Delta-28 TIROS-I (A-54) 17A S Space Administration TIROS Operational 2TIROS 10 7/1/65 Delta-32 OT-1 17B S John F. Kennedy Space Center 2ESSA 1 2/3/66 Delta-36 OT-3 (TOS) 17A S Information Summaries 2 2 ESSA 2 2/28/66 Delta-37 OT-2 (TOS) 17B S 2ESSA 3 10/2/66 2Delta-41 TOS-A 1SLC-2E S PMS 031 (KSC) OSO (Orbiting Solar Observatories) Lunar and Planetary 2ESSA 4 1/26/67 2Delta-45 TOS-B 1SLC-2E S June 1999 OSO 1 3/7/62 Delta-8 OSO-A (S-16) 17A S 2ESSA 5 4/20/67 2Delta-48 TOS-C 1SLC-2E S OSO 2 2/3/65 Delta-29 OSO-B2 (S-17) 17B S Mission Launch Launch Payload Launch 2ESSA 6 11/10/67 2Delta-54 TOS-D 1SLC-2E S OSO 8/25/65 Delta-33 OSO-C 17B U Name Date Vehicle Code Pad Results 2ESSA 7 8/16/68 2Delta-58 TOS-E 1SLC-2E S OSO 3 3/8/67 Delta-46 OSO-E1 17A S 2ESSA 8 12/15/68 2Delta-62 TOS-F 1SLC-2E S OSO 4 10/18/67 Delta-53 OSO-D 17B S PIONEER (Lunar) 2ESSA 9 2/26/69 2Delta-67 TOS-G 17B S OSO 5 1/22/69 Delta-64 OSO-F 17B S Pioneer 1 10/11/58 Thor-Able-1 –– 17A U Major NASA 2 1 OSO 6/PAC 8/9/69 Delta-72 OSO-G/PAC 17A S Pioneer 2 11/8/58 Thor-Able-2 –– 17A U IMPROVED TIROS OPERATIONAL 2 1 OSO 7/TETR 3 9/29/71 Delta-85 OSO-H/TETR-D 17A S Pioneer 3 12/6/58 Juno II AM-11 –– 5 U 3ITOS 1/OSCAR 5 1/23/70 2Delta-76 1TIROS-M/OSCAR 1SLC-2W S 2 OSO 8 6/21/75 Delta-112 OSO-1 17B S Pioneer 4 3/3/59 Juno II AM-14 –– 5 S 3NOAA 1 12/11/70 2Delta-81 ITOS-A 1SLC-2W S Launches Pioneer 11/26/59 Atlas-Able-1 –– 14 U 3ITOS 10/21/71 2Delta-86 ITOS-B 1SLC-2E U OGO (Orbiting Geophysical
    [Show full text]
  • Polar Topside Ionosphere During Geomagnetic Storms: Comparison
    Radio Science RESEARCH ARTICLE Polar Topside Ionosphere During Geomagnetic Storms: 10.1029/2018RS006589 Comparison of ISIS-II With TDIM Special Section: J. J. Sojka1,2 , D. Rice2 , V. Eccles2 , M. David1 , R. W. Schunk1 , R. F. Benson3 , URSI General Assembly and and H. G. James4 Scientific Symposium (2017) 1Center for Atmospheric and Space Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA, 2Space Environment Corporation, 3 Key Points: Logan, UT, USA, Geospace Physics Laboratory, Heliophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, • The paper focuses on prestorm and Greenbelt, MD, USA, 4Natural Resources Canada Geomagnetic Laboratory, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada main phase topside ionospheric response to a mild and a severe geomagnetic storm Abstract Space weather deposits energy into the high polar latitudes, primarily via Joule heating that is • Simulations from an extensively used associated with the Poynting flux electromagnetic energy flow between the magnetosphere and F region model, TDIM, are compared fl fi to ISIS-II topside ionosphere ionosphere. One way to observe this energy ow is to look at the ionospheric electron density pro le observations (EDP), especially that of the topside. The altitude location of the ionospheric peak provides additional • Surprisingly, the TDIM is unable to information on the net field-aligned vertical transport at high latitudes. To date, there have been few simulate the observed storm response while satisfactorily studies in which physics-based ionospheric model storm simulations have been compared with topside simulating the prestorm topside EDPs. A rich database of high-latitude topside ionograms obtained from polar orbiting satellites of the International Satellites for Ionospheric Studies (ISIS) program exists but has not been utilized in comparisons with physics-based models.
    [Show full text]
  • AUTOMATED NEAR REAL TIME RADARSAT-2 IMAGE GEO-PROCESSING and ITS APPLICATION for SEA ICE and OIL SPILL MONITORING )/,( )/,( Vugy
    AUTOMATED NEAR REAL TIME RADARSAT-2 IMAGE GEO-PROCESSING AND ITS APPLICATION FOR SEA ICE AND OIL SPILL MONITORING Ziqiang Ou Canadian Ice Service, Environment Canada 373 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Canada K1A 0H3 - [email protected] KEY WORDS: RADARSAT, SAR, Georeferencing, Real-time, Pollution, Snow Ice, Detection ABSTRACT: Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from RADARSAT-1 are an important operational data source for several ice centres around the world. Sea ice monitoring has been the most successful real-time operational application for RADARSAT-1 data. These data are used by several national ice services as a mainstay of their programs. Most recently, Canadian Ice Service launched another new real-time operational program called ISTOP (Integrated Satellite Tracking Of Pollution). It uses the RADARSAT-1 data to monitor ocean and lakes for oil slicks and tracking the polluters. In this paper, we consider the ice information requirements for operational sea ice monitoring and the oil slick and target detection requirements for operational ISTOP program at the Canadian Ice Service (CIS), and the potential for RADARSAT-2 to meet those requirements. Primary parameters are ice-edge location, ice concentration, and stage of development; secondary parameters include leads, ice thickness, ice topography and roughness, ice decay, and snow properties. Iceberg detection is an additional ice information requirement. The oil slick and ship target detection are the basic requirements for the surveillance and pollution control. 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GEOMETRIC TRANSFORMATION RADARSAT-2 products are provided in a GeoTIFF format There are two major techniques for correcting geometric with a sets of support XML files for all products except the distortion present in an image.
    [Show full text]
  • Design of Power, Propulsion, and Thermal Sub-Systems for a 3U Cubesat Measuring Earth’S Radiation Imbalance
    Article Design of Power, Propulsion, and Thermal Sub-Systems for a 3U CubeSat Measuring Earth’s Radiation Imbalance Jack Claricoats 1,† and Sam M. Dakka 2,*,† 1 Department of Engineering and Math, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; [email protected] 2 Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-115-748-6853 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 22 April 2018; Accepted: 6 June 2018; Published: 11 June 2018 Abstract: The paper presents the development of the power, propulsion, and thermal systems for a 3U CubeSat orbiting Earth at a radius of 600 km measuring the radiation imbalance using the RAVAN (Radiometer Assessment using Vertically Aligned NanoTubes) payload developed by NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). The propulsion system was selected as a Mars-Space PPTCUP -Pulsed Plasma Thruster for CubeSat Propulsion, micro-pulsed plasma thruster with satisfactory capability to provide enough impulse to overcome the generated force due to drag to maintain an altitude of 600 km and bring the CubeSat down to a graveyard orbit of 513 km. Thermal analysis for hot case found that the integration of a black high-emissivity paint and MLI was required to prevent excessive heating within the structure. Furthermore, the power system analysis successfully defined electrical consumption scenarios for the CubeSat’s 600 km orbit. The analysis concluded that a singular 7 W solar panel mounted on a sun-facing side of the CubeSat using a sun sensor could satisfactorily power the electrical system throughout the hot phase and charge the craft’s battery enough to ensure constant electrical operation during the cold phase, even with the additional integration of an active thermal heater.
    [Show full text]
  • The Physics of Space Security a Reference Manual
    THE PHYSICS The Physics of OF S P Space Security ACE SECURITY A Reference Manual David Wright, Laura Grego, and Lisbeth Gronlund WRIGHT , GREGO , AND GRONLUND RECONSIDERING THE RULES OF SPACE PROJECT RECONSIDERING THE RULES OF SPACE PROJECT 222671 00i-088_Front Matter.qxd 9/21/12 9:48 AM Page ii 222671 00i-088_Front Matter.qxd 9/21/12 9:48 AM Page iii The Physics of Space Security a reference manual David Wright, Laura Grego, and Lisbeth Gronlund 222671 00i-088_Front Matter.qxd 9/21/12 9:48 AM Page iv © 2005 by David Wright, Laura Grego, and Lisbeth Gronlund All rights reserved. ISBN#: 0-87724-047-7 The views expressed in this volume are those held by each contributor and are not necessarily those of the Officers and Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Please direct inquiries to: American Academy of Arts and Sciences 136 Irving Street Cambridge, MA 02138-1996 Telephone: (617) 576-5000 Fax: (617) 576-5050 Email: [email protected] Visit our website at www.amacad.org or Union of Concerned Scientists Two Brattle Square Cambridge, MA 02138-3780 Telephone: (617) 547-5552 Fax: (617) 864-9405 www.ucsusa.org Cover photo: Space Station over the Ionian Sea © NASA 222671 00i-088_Front Matter.qxd 9/21/12 9:48 AM Page v Contents xi PREFACE 1 SECTION 1 Introduction 5 SECTION 2 Policy-Relevant Implications 13 SECTION 3 Technical Implications and General Conclusions 19 SECTION 4 The Basics of Satellite Orbits 29 SECTION 5 Types of Orbits, or Why Satellites Are Where They Are 49 SECTION 6 Maneuvering in Space 69 SECTION 7 Implications of
    [Show full text]
  • Read PDF Version
    Success Story Launching Complex Systems Solutions Unparalleled spacecraft structural and thermal analysis Magellan Aerospace Key Projects Magellan Aerospace is a global Magellan was responsible for designing and aerospace company that provides manufacturing SCISAT-1, the first Canadian-built complex systems solutions and atmospheric research satellite since the 1971 ISIS-2 assemblies to aircraft and engine mission. SCISAT-1 launched in 2003. Magellan built manufacturers, as well as for defense the complete spacecraft bus for the CASSIOPE and space agencies worldwide. spacecraft that launched in 2013. Magellan was the bus Magellan designs and manufactures subcontractor for the three RADARSAT Constellation systems and components for Mission (RCM) spacecraft, launched in June 2019. aerospace, military and space markets, and supplies engine and Incorporating Maya HTT’s expert input as an integral component repair and overhaul consultant and innovation partner contributed services. Magellan’s major customers significantly to the success of these complex missions. include Airbus, Boeing, NASA, the Canadian Space Agency, BAE Systems, and Lockheed Martin. Success at a Glance With more than 50 years of experience, Magellan provides • Shorter product development cycles customers with solutions for space missions that span sounding rockets • Enhanced engineering performance and payloads, space shuttle payloads, satellite missions and International • Improved product quality Space Station payloads. + 1 800-343-6292 [email protected] mayahtt.com CASSIOPE Challenge Results CASSIOPE (CAscade, SmallSat and IOnospheric With the support of Maya HTT, Magellan Polar Explorer) is a small hybrid satellite. delivered a superior and simpler Its structure is an assembly of aluminum and honeycomb panel design. Maya HTT composite honeycomb panels held together also helped to reduce the number and with machined aluminum brackets and stringers.
    [Show full text]
  • Satellite Communications in the New Space
    IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS & TUTORIALS (DRAFT) 1 Satellite Communications in the New Space Era: A Survey and Future Challenges Oltjon Kodheli, Eva Lagunas, Nicola Maturo, Shree Krishna Sharma, Bhavani Shankar, Jesus Fabian Mendoza Montoya, Juan Carlos Merlano Duncan, Danilo Spano, Symeon Chatzinotas, Steven Kisseleff, Jorge Querol, Lei Lei, Thang X. Vu, George Goussetis Abstract—Satellite communications (SatComs) have recently This initiative named New Space has spawned a large number entered a period of renewed interest motivated by technological of innovative broadband and earth observation missions all of advances and nurtured through private investment and ventures. which require advances in SatCom systems. The present survey aims at capturing the state of the art in SatComs, while highlighting the most promising open research The purpose of this survey is to describe in a structured topics. Firstly, the main innovation drivers are motivated, such way these technological advances and to highlight the main as new constellation types, on-board processing capabilities, non- research challenges and open issues. In this direction, Section terrestrial networks and space-based data collection/processing. II provides details on the aforementioned developments and Secondly, the most promising applications are described i.e. 5G associated requirements that have spurred SatCom innovation. integration, space communications, Earth observation, aeronauti- cal and maritime tracking and communication. Subsequently, an Subsequently, Section III presents the main applications and in-depth literature review is provided across five axes: i) system use cases which are currently the focus of SatCom research. aspects, ii) air interface, iii) medium access, iv) networking, v) The next four sections describe and classify the latest SatCom testbeds & prototyping.
    [Show full text]
  • Canada's First Foray Into Space -Alouette 1
    3 5 6 7 16 20 24 28 33 41 48 52 56 62 66 68 70 Contents Editor-in-Chief ‘s Message Founders’ Profiles 1988-1990 1990-1992 1992-1994 1995-1996 1997-1999 Anniversary Canada’s first foray into space -Alouette 1 louette I, the first Canadian- with much cooperation between project Alouette II and two observatory satellites, built satellite had more than a engineers and the Defense department. Isis I and II launched in 1969 and 1971. few sceptics to convince when The recognition for needed expertise in The Canadian Space Agency launched initial plans for it were satellite communication was the impetus MOST, a micro satellite in 2003 followed Adiscussed at the Pentagon in 1958. Expected for the development of a strong domestic by SCISAT for ozone exploration in the by some to function for less than 2 hours, it space industry. Canada went on to develop same year. endured until 1972, having transmitted 10 years of comprehensive and detailed data about Earth’s ionosphere and upper atmosphere. Despite unanticipated design challenges requiring novel approaches the “One of the ten most outstanding achievements in Canadian engineering in satellite was ready for launch on schedule the past 100 years” (Centennial Engineering Board of Canada, 1987) Awards Brochure 2000-2002 2003-2004 2005-2006 2007-2008 2009-2010 2011-2012 EPEC conference CCECE conference IEEE Spring / Printemps 2007, No. 54 Canadian Re La revue canadienne view de ll’IEEE’IEEE ••B Broroadband over Power Line CONTENTS / SOMMAIRE • BrBroaoa dband (AcAca Peninsula adian) • Sécurité des réseaux Aerospace and Electronic Systems / sans fil • Imperfections géométriques Aérospatiale et Systémes biréfringence et des fibres microstructurées Électroniques es nt # 40592512 The Alouette ian Publications Mail Sal Satellite Program: Canada Post—Canad Product Agreeme The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Flood Monitoring of the Inner Niger Delta Using High Resolutions Radar
    78 GRACE, Remote Sensing and Ground-based Methods in Multi-Scale Hydrology (Proceedings of Symposium J-H01 held during IUGG2011 in Melbourne, Australia, July 2011) (IAHS Publ. 343, 2011). Flood monitoring of the Inner Niger Delta using high resolution radar and optical imagery ALAIN DEZETTER1, DENIS RUELLAND2 & CAMILLE NETTER1 1 IRD, UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, Maison des Sciences de l’Eau, Université Montpellier II, Case Courrier MSE, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France [email protected] 2 CNRS, UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, Maison des Sciences de l’Eau, Université Montpellier II, Case Courrier MSE, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Abstract This paper describes the monitoring of flooding in the Inner Niger Delta (Mali) from September 2008 to April 2010 using high resolution radar (C-band quad-polarization from Radarsat-2) and optical imagery (SPOT 4 and 5). Treatments, based on statistical parameters calculated using co-occurrence matrices, supervised classifications and three field surveys, were used to classify the images in three categories: open water, flooded vegetation and unflooded land. The overall accuracy evaluated by confusion matrices varies from 81% to 96%. The flooded areas, ranging from 3% to 65% of the surface studied, confirm the significant impact of annual flooding in the region. Radar images can identify soil properties even when remotely-sensed objects are characterized by dense, herbaceous vegetation and are also effective when cloud cover is thick. Key words Radarsat-2; SPOT; Inner Niger Delta; flood monitoring; Mali INTRODUCTION Wetlands are the richest and most diverse ecosystems in the world. They control flooding, prevent drought, improve water quality, maintain water resources, temper erosion and serve as leisure areas (Novitzki et al., 1996).
    [Show full text]
  • Mobile Satellite Services Patented Roto-Lok® Cable Drive Only From
    Worldwide Satellite Magazine July / August 2008 SatMagazine - GEOSS To The Rescue - Expert insight from Chris Forrester, NSR’s Claude Rous- seau, WTA’s Robert Bell - Times Are A’ Changin’ For MSS Operators - Universal Service--Who Pays For It? - Boeing’s President of SSI In The Spotlight - In-Depth Look At GOES - ICO MSS Trials Set To Start - Part Three Satellite Imagery... - San Diego Venue Big Hit - Relay Examined - ...and more Mobile Satellite Services www.avltech.com Patented Roto-Lok® Cable Drive only from Thousands of Antennas, Thousands of Places SATMAGAZINE JULY/AUGUST 2008 CONTENTS LETTERS TO THE EDITOR FEATURES GOES Image Homage to Excellence Navigation + Registration by Stephen Mallory by Bruce Gibbs 05 For me, two of the most important stan- 32 GOES, operated by the National dards to live by are honor and integrity. Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), continuously track evolution of IN MY VIEW weather over almost a hemisphere. The Importance of GEOSS by Elliot G. Pulham MSS Goes Live In The Here’s a major global space effort that S-Band, Or, “Meet Me 07 doesn’t receive adequate recognition 44 In St. Louis” from the press—GEOSS. by David Zufall The MSS industry is on the cusp of delivering ground- breaking mobility services to meet Americans’ love for EXECUTI V E SPOT L IGHT mobility and connectivity. Stephen T. O’Neill The Re-Birth Of Block D President by Jim Corry Boeing Satellite Systems Int’l In January of 2008, the Federal Com- 24 47 munications Commission (FCC) con- ducted an auction of 62 MHz..
    [Show full text]
  • Status of and Scientific Results from the ISIS-I Topside Digital Ionogram Data Enhancement Project
    Status of and scientific results from the ISIS-I Topside Digital Ionogram Data Enhancement Project Robert F. Benson*(1), Dieter Bilitza(2), Shing F. Fung(1), Vladimir Truhlik(3), and Yongli Wang(4) (1) Geospace Physics Laboratory, Heliophysics Science Division, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 USA, http://science.gsfc.nasa.gov/heliophysics/ (2) Heliospheric Physics Laboratory, Heliophysics Science Division, GMU/SWL/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 USA (3) Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (4) Space Weather Laboratory, Heliophysics Science Division, UMBC/GPHI/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 USA ABSTRACT Selected original analog telemetry tapes from three of the topside-sounder satellites of the International Satellites for Ionospheric Studies (ISIS) program, namely Alouette 2, ISIS I, and ISIS II, were used in an earlier project to produce more than ½ million digital topside ionograms; the resulting digital topside ionograms from ISIS II were used to produce more than 86,000 globally-distributed vertical topside ionospheric electron density profiles Ne(h) that cover a time span of more than a solar cycle. These Ne(h) were produced using the TOPIST auto-scaling software. Before attempting to automatically process Alouette-2 or ISIS-I ionograms a data-enhancement project was initiated so as to increase the auto- processing success rate. These enhancements were mainly to correct problems that often occurred during the analog-to-digital conversion of the original telemetry tapes. Here we present the status of, and results from, this ongoing enhancement effort. 1. INTRODUCTION The four polar-orbiting Canadian-built and U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • MASTER's THESIS Nanosat / Cubesat Constellation Concepts
    2009:092 MASTER'S THESIS Nanosat / Cubesat constellation concepts Alexandru Catalin Munteanu Luleå University of Technology Master Thesis, Continuation Courses Space Science and Technology Department of Space Science, Kiruna 2009:092 - ISSN: 1653-0187 - ISRN: LTU-PB-EX--09/092--SE CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY ALEXANDRU CATALIN MUNTEANU NANOSAT / CUBESAT CONSTELLATION CONCEPTS SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING Astronautics and Space Engineering MSc. THESIS Academic year: 2008 – 2009 Supervisor: Dr. Stephen Hobbs June 2009 CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING Astronautics and Space Engineering MSc THESIS Academic Year 2008 – 2009 ALEXANDRU CATALIN MUNTEANU Nanosat / Cubesat Constellation Concepts Supervisor: Dr. Stephen Hobbs June 2009 This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science © Cranfield University 2009. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the written permission of the copyright owner. Alexandru Munteanu ABSTRACT This thesis was produced at Cranfield University, with support from EADS Astrium who introduced the base requirements for the study. The subject to be researched was the possibility of using Cubesats for producing viable Earth Observation missions when they would be used in some constellation configuration. The project involved surveying nanosat / Cubesat constellation markets and concepts (e.g. real-time data) for Earth Observation, using new / enabling technologies (i.e. deployable membranes, quad junction cells, miniature instruments). The project also contributes to the Cubesat projects by providing a roadmap of possible future missions enabled by advanced Cubesats. The study concluded by selecting a present day possible mission which could be developed by using COTS components and space-proved instruments and some missions which could be developed in the near future using other new technologies yet to be made available for space applications.
    [Show full text]