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Open Access Trends LIBRARIAN’S DEVLOPMENT PROGRAMME: EMERGING ISSUES IN LIBRARIANSHIP OPEN ACCESS TRENDS Prof. R. K. Mahapatra College of Lib. & Info. Science (Berhampur University) SMIT, Ankushpur (Berhampur) Lead Knowledge Partnership: My best wishes to KIIT University for organizing such a nice LDP, which will certainly help the fellow library professionals to meet the emerging challenges in librarianship today and hope this trend should continue in future Introduction Open-access mandates have almost doubled globally that has elapsed since Harvard’s mandate in May 2008’, Steven Harnard, University of Southhampton, U.K. (Nature, 2009). New trend the first International Open Access Week, 2009 at The National Library of Sweden called Open Access, ‘promote maximum accessibility and visibility of works produced by researchers, teachers and students’. Open Access Forum 2011: UNESCO UNESCO Open Access strategy approved by the UNESCO Executive Board 187th & 36th session of the General Conference. The invited experts from all over the world discussed how to create a network collaborative platform to promote Open Access to scientific information and research India: An” announcement made by CSIR, urging the establishment of institutional repositories in each of its more than laboratories & conversion of all their journals to open access.” (Chan, et al, 2009). The above demonstrates a current worldwide interest in and willingness to embrace open access. Problems Rising costs of subscriptions Permission barriers imposed by publishers Barred access to the extent to research and care Lack of information Lack awareness Lack of interest and willingness to do The now-annual event has been expanded from a single day to accommodate widespread global interest in the movement toward open, public access to scholarly research results.” (OpenAccessWeek.org, 2009). Information scientist Mikael Laakso, Hanken School of Economics, Helsinki, his colleagues, found the number of fully open-access journals growing at around 15% every year as new journals are founded and subscription journals switch to the open-access model The open-access publishing model has proven itself to work Laakso divides the history of open access into three phases. First the pioneering years of 1993–99, most open-access journals "home-brew" efforts, by individuals and hosted on university servers. Next the innovation years, the birth of publishers the Public Library of Science and software infrastructure that makes it much easier to launch a digital journal cont… Since 2005, Laakso says, innovation has slowed but growth continues — the consolidation phase. Following this trend, last week Nature Publishing Group (NPG) launched Scientific Reports , an author-pays, open-access, online- only journal, which reviews papers on technical soundness rather than impact. Needs To resolving the deep knowledge gap lies in creating a global knowledge base & essential research emanating from both research communities in developing countries as well as from ‘international’ research. To develop a better understanding of the common characteristics of OA scholarly publishing and citation network Significance/OPPORTUNITY Empowering authors with content creation using Tools that are not constrained by the paper metaphor so that, no matter what happens on the publisher's side of the transaction, authors can use and re-use their work as flexibly as possible. The technology now exists for authors to transcend the limitations of paper formatting (Sefton, 2009), Strengthening research capacity in developing countries is one of the most effective and sustainable ways of advancing, development and helping correct the gap in research (Chan, et al, 2009) OPEN ACCESS Free to access, Free to reuse, Creative Commons license, OPEN ACCESS = Free Access + Re-use Definition of OA No subscription or license required to access the electronic edition of the journal Licensing agreement that allows free use and re-use (downloading, sharing, printing copies, use of tables and figures, possibility for text-mining, etc.) at least for non-commercial/scholarly purposes. Changing metaphors Knowledge as ”paper” Knowledge as ”product” and ”property” Created by scientists Owned by publishers Archived by libraries -- John Wilbanks, Science Commons, IATUL, 2007 New Metaphors Knowledge = NETWORK Knowledge = infrastructure ”A better reflection of the reality of knowledge” -- John Wilbanks, Science Commons, IATUL, 2007 A social network diagram, Screenshot taken by Darwin Peacock, accessed through Wikimedia Open Access (OA) is the provision of free access to peer-reviewed, scholarly and research information to all. It requires that rights holders grant worldwide irrevocable right to copy, use, distribute, transmit and make derivative works in any format for any lawful activities with proper attribution to the original author. (Unesco, 2011) OA is about freedom, flexibility and fairness Advantages: Ex. On-line journals No problem of space A constraint for print journals Unlimited use of colour images, figures, tables No need for limits on references (word counts?) Access to original data Multimedia (Audio/podcasts and Video) Hyperlinking and Text mining Plagiarism Online publication - easier to plagarize and be detected Software programs to detect plagarism Free and priced Crossref Crosscheck Theft of ideas is unethical Debate over reuse of content for results and methods Self-plagiarism Digital manipulation of images Ranges from enhancing the clarity of results presented to producing fraudulent data. Article usage Page views, downloads Media and blog coverage about the article Social tools Social bookmarks e.g. Connotea, Twitter, Facebook, etc. Reader evaluation Why Open Access? Exploring the characteristics of formal scholarly communication on web becoming more important due to increasing numbers of authors, journals, and institutions publish and self-archive their research results online.” (Kousha, 2009). OA publishers lacked a voice in public debates about scholarly communications and Open Access Open Access had become an established part of the publishing landscape, it was time to address practical issues Who are the beneficiaries? To scientists, Faculty, educator, students, scholars, researchers, publishers, aggregators, public… Nations where academic, medical and non-profit research institutions have limited resources, Libraries of inadequate funds to subscribe to scientific literature, Valuable in advancing the public understanding of science, knowledge... The demand for open access publishing is growing fast and has powerful support from the scientific community. (Scientific organizations, academic institutions and public sector are publicly funded). What way? Open Access uses information and communication technology (ICT) to increase and enhance the dissemination of scholarship. Books, Journals, Reports, Conference papers, Research papers, Technical Reports, Project Reports, Theses & Dissertations, Institutional Publications, Intellectuals Properties, Databases, etc. GOOGLE, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, SCOPUS, BioMed Central Open resources Emerging Trends Related to OA/Guide to Open Access Guide to Open Access Tags: Free, open access, public, publishing, scholarly communication Open Access Books NCBI Bookshelf Internet Archive Community Books InTech Open Access Books O'Reilly Open Books Wikibooks Connecting Open Access Repositories CORE: aims to facilitate free access to content stored across Open Access repositories, a large aggregator of content (several million publications from hundreds of Open Access repositories) value added services are provided. CORE offers five applications: CORE Portal - Allows to search and navigate scientific publications aggregated from a wide range of Open Access Repositories (OARs) CORE Mobile - An Android application that enables to search and download open access articles. CORE Plugin - A Plugin to Open Access repositories that enables to search for related scientific publications. CORE API - Enables external systems and services to interact with the CORE repository. Repository Analytics - A tool that enables to monitor the intake of metadata and content from repositories and provides a wide range of statistics. Other Open Scholarship Initiatives Open science, Open Science Grid Open data: Science Commons, Panton Principles, Dryad, BioMart Open peer review: MediaCommons - NYU Press Project Semantic Web W3C Semantic Web OpenID OpenID Cont… Open Knowledge Open Knowledge Commons Open Knowledge Foundation Public Knowledge Project (PKP) Future possibilities International OA Week an opportunity to broaden awareness and understanding OA access policies from all types of research funders, international higher education community and the general public. Barbara Fister believes “change is in the wind” as evidenced, “100s institutions have passed open access mandates Unesco Mandate Conclusions: Barriers still exist and much more research is needed. Need to develop uniform standards and best practices Need to bring together the OA publishing community Need to share information and work collectively Creative Commons Licenses Most common http://creativecommons.org/licenses Other trends/opportunities: Experiments with peer review, Social networking Data mining, Literature mining, Sophisticated search tools, Open data, Multi-media, Open-access policy means: entire contents accessible and online The growth rate is portrayed as dramatic, but it's not dramatic at all if the goal is 100% open access," says Stevan Harnad, a cognition
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