LIBRARIAN’S DEVLOPMENT PROGRAMME: EMERGING ISSUES IN LIBRARIANSHIP

OPEN ACCESS TRENDS

Prof. R. K. Mahapatra

College of Lib. & Info. Science (Berhampur University) SMIT, Ankushpur (Berhampur)

Lead Knowledge Partnership: My best wishes to KIIT University for organizing such a nice LDP, which will certainly help the fellow library professionals to meet the emerging challenges in librarianship today and hope this trend should continue in future Introduction Open-access mandates have almost doubled globally that has elapsed since Harvard’s mandate in May 2008’, Steven Harnard, University of Southhampton, U.K. (Nature, 2009). New trend the first International Week, 2009 at The National Library of Sweden called Open Access, ‘promote maximum accessibility and visibility of works produced by researchers, teachers and students’. Open Access Forum 2011: UNESCO UNESCO Open Access strategy approved by the UNESCO Executive Board 187th & 36th session of the General Conference. The invited experts from all over the world discussed how to create a network collaborative platform to promote Open Access to scientific information and research India: An” announcement made by CSIR, urging the establishment of institutional repositories in each of its more than laboratories & conversion of all their journals to open access.” (Chan, et al, 2009). The above demonstrates a current worldwide interest in and willingness to embrace open access. Problems  Rising costs of subscriptions  Permission barriers imposed by publishers  Barred access to the extent to research and care  Lack of information  Lack awareness  Lack of interest and willingness to do The now-annual event has been expanded from a single day to accommodate widespread global interest in the movement toward open, public access to scholarly research results.” (OpenAccessWeek.org, 2009). Information scientist Mikael Laakso, Hanken School of Economics, Helsinki, his colleagues, found the number of fully open-access journals growing at around 15% every year as new journals are founded and subscription journals switch to the open-access model The open-access publishing model has proven itself to work Laakso divides the into three phases. First the pioneering years of 1993–99, most open-access journals "home-brew" efforts, by individuals and hosted on university servers. Next the innovation years, the birth of publishers the Public Library of Science and software infrastructure that makes it much easier to launch a digital journal cont… Since 2005, Laakso says, innovation has slowed but growth continues — the consolidation phase. Following this trend, last week Nature Publishing Group (NPG) launched Scientific Reports , an author-pays, open-access, online- only journal, which reviews papers on technical soundness rather than impact.

Needs To resolving the deep knowledge gap lies in creating a global knowledge & essential research emanating from both research communities in developing countries as well as from ‘international’ research. To develop a better understanding of the common characteristics of OA scholarly publishing and citation network

Significance/OPPORTUNITY  Empowering authors with content creation using Tools that are not constrained by the paper metaphor so that, no matter what happens on the publisher's side of the transaction, authors can use and re-use their work as flexibly as possible.  The technology now exists for authors to transcend the limitations of paper formatting (Sefton, 2009),  Strengthening research capacity in developing countries is one of the most effective and sustainable ways of advancing, development and helping correct the gap in research (Chan, et al, 2009) OPEN ACCESS Free to access, Free to reuse, license, OPEN ACCESS = Free Access + Re-use Definition of OA No subscription or license required to access the electronic edition of the journal Licensing agreement that allows free use and re-use (downloading, sharing, printing copies, use of tables and figures, possibility for text-mining, etc.) at least for non-commercial/scholarly purposes. Changing metaphors Knowledge as ”paper” Knowledge as ”product” and ”property” Created by scientists Owned by publishers Archived by libraries -- , Science Commons, IATUL, 2007 New Metaphors Knowledge = NETWORK Knowledge = infrastructure ”A better reflection of the reality of knowledge” -- John Wilbanks, Science Commons, IATUL, 2007 A social network diagram, Screenshot taken by Darwin Peacock, accessed through Wikimedia Open Access (OA) is the provision of free access to peer-reviewed, scholarly and research information to all. It requires that rights holders grant worldwide irrevocable right to copy, use, distribute, transmit and make derivative works in any format for any lawful activities with proper attribution to the original author. (Unesco, 2011) OA is about freedom, flexibility and fairness Advantages: Ex. On-line journals No problem of space A constraint for print journals Unlimited use of colour images, figures, tables No need for limits on references (word counts?) Access to original data Multimedia (Audio/podcasts and Video) Hyperlinking and Text mining Plagiarism Online publication - easier to plagarize and be detected Software programs to detect plagarism Free and priced Crossref Crosscheck Theft of ideas is unethical Debate over reuse of content for results and methods Self-plagiarism Digital manipulation of images Ranges from enhancing the clarity of results presented to producing fraudulent data. Article usage Page views, downloads Media and blog coverage about the article Social tools Social bookmarks e.g. Connotea, Twitter, Facebook, etc. Reader evaluation

Why Open Access? Exploring the characteristics of formal on web becoming more important due to increasing numbers of authors, journals, and institutions publish and self-archive their research results online.” (Kousha, 2009). OA publishers lacked a voice in public debates about scholarly communications and Open Access Open Access had become an established part of the publishing landscape, it was time to address practical issues

Who are the beneficiaries? To scientists, Faculty, educator, students, scholars, researchers, publishers, aggregators, public… Nations where academic, medical and non-profit research institutions have limited resources, Libraries of inadequate funds to subscribe to scientific literature, Valuable in advancing the public understanding of science, knowledge... The demand for open access publishing is growing fast and has powerful support from the scientific community. (Scientific organizations, academic institutions and public sector are publicly funded). What way? Open Access uses information and communication technology (ICT) to increase and enhance the dissemination of scholarship. Books, Journals, Reports, Conference papers, Research papers, Technical Reports, Project Reports, Theses & Dissertations, Institutional Publications, Intellectuals Properties, Databases, etc. GOOGLE, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, SCOPUS, BioMed Central

Open resources Emerging Trends Related to OA/Guide to Open Access Guide to Open Access Tags: Free, open access, public, publishing, scholarly communication Open Access Books NCBI Bookshelf Community Books InTech Open Access Books O'Reilly Open Books Connecting Open Access Repositories CORE: aims to facilitate free access to content stored across Open Access repositories, a large aggregator of content (several million publications from hundreds of Open Access repositories) value added services are provided. CORE offers five applications: CORE Portal - Allows to search and navigate scientific publications aggregated from a wide range of Open Access Repositories (OARs) CORE Mobile - An Android application that enables to search and download open access articles. CORE Plugin - A Plugin to Open Access repositories that enables to search for related scientific publications. CORE API - Enables external systems and services to interact with the CORE repository. Repository Analytics - A tool that enables to monitor the intake of metadata and content from repositories and provides a wide range of statistics. Other Open Scholarship Initiatives , Open Science Grid : Science Commons, Panton Principles, Dryad, BioMart Open : MediaCommons - NYU Press Project Semantic Web W3C Semantic Web OpenID OpenID Cont… Open Knowledge Open Open Knowledge Foundation Project (PKP)

Future possibilities International OA Week an opportunity to broaden awareness and understanding OA access policies from all types of research funders, international higher education community and the general public. Barbara Fister believes “change is in the wind” as evidenced, “100s institutions have passed open access mandates Unesco Mandate

Conclusions: Barriers still exist and much more research is needed. Need to develop uniform standards and best practices Need to bring together the OA publishing community Need to share information and work collectively Creative Commons Licenses Most common http://creativecommons.org/licenses Other trends/opportunities: Experiments with peer review, Social networking Data mining, Literature mining, Sophisticated search tools, Open data, Multi-media, Open-access policy means: entire contents accessible and online The growth rate is portrayed as dramatic, but it's not dramatic at all if the goal is 100% open access," says Stevan Harnad, a cognition researcher at the University of Southampton, UK. Other ways to make papers freely accessible, such as self- archiving and hybrid journals, which allow authors to choose whether to pay for open access, are also growing only linearly, he says. "The rate is much too low for the needs of research." Open Access Forum 2011: UNESCO UNESCO Open Access strategy approved by the UNESCO Executive Board at its 187th session and further adopted by the 36th session of the General Conference. The invited experts from all over the world will also discuss how to create a network collaborative platform to promote Open Access to scientific information and research. Key global trends in Open Access to scientific information and research; Operationalizing the UNESCO Open Access strategy, including identifying partners and extrabudgetary funding sources; and Contributing ideas and new trends for future Cont.. OA the heart of UNESCO’s activities to build knowledge societies through the use of ICT. Mandated to maintain, increase and diffuse knowledge by assuring the preservation of books and knowledge resources through necessary international conventions, and by encouraging cooperation among the nations in all branches of intellectual activity through exchange of publications, objects of artistic and scientific interest and other materials of information. Developed a comprehensive strategy for OA within the framework of the Information for All Programme (IFAP) to promote universal access to information and bridge the gap between information rich and information poor. OA experts from universities, specialized non-governmental organizations, UN agencies and publishing houses together deliberated on the strategy, present the global trends in OA and identify opportunities to improve access to peer-reviewed research information to all. UNESCO OA strategy and discuss issues relevant to the promotion and development of Open Access, such as: OA strategy, policies, Curriculum for training on OA, Network and collaboration for the development of OA OA repositories and journals. The recommendations used for developing a plan of action for within the overall structure of the OA strategy. A platform for initiating dialogue and collaboration for improving access to scientific information in developing countries. Open Books O'Reilly Open Books--books with various forms of "open" copyright over the years.. Creative Commons Internet Archive, Open Library project, the Internet Archive hosting PDF open books: The Whole Internet User's Guide & Catalog Apprenticeship Patterns The Cathedral and the Bazaar CouchDB: The Definitive Guide Creating Applications with Mozilla DocBook: The Definitive Guide Embedding Perl in HTML with Mason Free as in Freedom Linux Device Drivers, 3rd Edition Managing Projects with GNU make, 3rd Edition MySQL Reference Manual OpenSources: Voices from the Revolution Producing Open Source Software: How to Run a Successful Project (Translations) Understanding Open Source and Free Software Licensing Practical mod_perl Version Control with Subversion, 2nd Edition We the Media Cont… Out-of-Print Books Asterisk: The Future of Telephony, Second Edition CGI Programming on the World Wide Web The Future Does Not Compute Java AWT Reference Linux Device Drivers, 2nd Edition Linux Network Administrator's Guide, 2nd Edition Making TeX Work MH & xmh: Email for Users & Programmers, 3rd Edition Microsoft RPC Programming Guide OpenOffice.org XML Essentials (Unpublished) PNG: The Definitive Guide Programming the Be Operating System The Whole Internet User's Guide & Catalog Unix Text Processing (Hayden Books) Using Samba Volume 3: OPEN LOOK User's Guide (Unpublished) Volume 6A: Motif Programming Manual Volume 6B: Motif Reference Manual, 2nd Edition Volume 7A: XView Programming Manual Volume 7B: XView Reference Manual Web Client Programming with Perl Windows NT Workstation Configuration and Maintenance World Wide Web Journal Xlib Reference Manual for Version 11 of the X Window System Xlib Reference Manual for Version 11 Volume 2, 5th Contd… X Toolkit Intrinsics Programming Manual for Version 11 X Toolkit Intrinsics Reference Manual for Version 11 of the X Window System X Tool Kit Intrinsics Programming Manual for Version 11 Volume 4 X Toolkit Intrinsics Programming Manual for X Version II X Toolkit Intrinsics Programming Manual: OSF/Motif 1.1 Edition for X11, Release 4 X Window System Administrator's Guide for X Version 11 X Window System User's Guide for X11 R3 and R4 of the X Window System X Window System User's Guide: OSF/Motif Edition Science Social sciences All subjects Languages Mathematics Miscellaneous Computing Engineering Humanities Wikibooks: Open-content textbooks collection, anyone can edit. 2,670 books with 46,245 pages, hosted by the , also hosts: Community learning The Wikimedia Foundation is a non-profit organization depends on voluntarism and donations to operate. If one find Wikibooks or other projects hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation useful, please volunteer or make a donation. Donations primarily helps to purchase server equipment, launch new projects, and develop MediaWiki—the software that makes Wikibooks possible. : Encyclopedia : Dictionary and thesaurus : Quotations : Documents : Species directory ; News reports Wikivoyage: guide : Knowledge database Commons: Media repository Meta; Coordination Mediawiki: MediaWiki software Bugzilla: MediaWiki bug tracker Wikimedia: MediaWiki development Cont… Community Toolbox In 80 languages including most Indian languages සිංහ বাংলা, �हन्द, മലയാളം, मराठ�, ਪੰ ਜ ਾ ਬ ੀ , संस्क ृत,म , தமிழ, �ెల�గ�

Science Commons Building on the Creative Commons model to Further Scientific Success Launched with the goal of bringing the and sharing made by Creative Commons licenses a success in the arts and cultural fields to the world of science. Design strategies, tools for faster, efficient Web-enabled scientific research Primary Focus: Making scientific research re-useful. Enabling “one-click” access to research tools Integrating fragmented information sources Cont… Programs: 1. Scholars Copyright Program: through Science Commons offers a spectrum of tools and resources catering to both methods of achieving OA. 2. Biological Materials Transfer Project: through Science Commons develops and deploys standard, modular contracts to lower the costs of transferring physical biological materials. 3. Neurocommons: through Science Commons is creating an open source knowledge management platform for neurological research. 4. HealthCommons: Coalition of parties interested in changing the way basic science is translated into the understanding and improvement of human health. Corporate Structure: The other programs include: 1. Creative Commons, devoted to expanding the range of creative works available for others to legally build upon and share. 2. Creative Commons International (CCi), works to “port” the core Creative Commons Licenses to different copyright legislations around the world. 3. ccLearn, mission to minimize barriers to sharing and reuse of educational materials. Contd…

Science Commons was housed at and received generous support from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where we shared space, staff and inspiration with the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. Science Commons has an annual budget of approximately $750,000 Operational support is raised from a variety of sources including private foundations, corporations and contracts

MediaCommons A digital scholarly network The , MediaCommons and New York University Press have together been given MediaCommons Press, scholarly networks, and assesses the state of open peer review in the humanities today. Semantic Web Health Care and Life Sciences (HCLS) Interest Group Semantic Web Health Care and Life Sciences Interest Group (HCLS IG) support the use of Semantic Web technologies across health care, life sciences, clinical research and translational medicine. These domains stand to gain tremendous benefit from intra- and inter-domain application of Semantic Web technologies as they depend on the interoperability of information from many disciplines. This includes public meeting records and access to the archives of the public- [email protected] mailing list. Invited Experts W3C also invites some individuals to participate as Invited Experts. If you would like to apply, please verify or create your W3C web account, apply for IE status, and, if accepted, join the HCLS IG. News, Announcements Semantic Web Japan, Personalized Medicine, and Knowledge Explorer RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research). RIKEN database, such as Semantic-JSON and Semantic Table. Best Practices in Personalized Medicine Workshop, Heart + Lung Research & Education FEST. new approach to medicine powerfully predictive, personalized, preventative and participatory and described progress. Many participants expressed interest in making use of network to further the cause of personalized medicine. IO Informatics. Knowledge Explorer includes the generation of SPARQL queries from user selected sub- networks without requiring knowledge of SPARQL. A full description at the W3C “Case Study: Applied Semantic Knowledgebase for Detection of Patients at Risk of Organ Failure through Immune Rejection”. C-SHALS 2011 The Conference on Semantics in Health Care and Life Sciences (C-SHALS) Semantic Web Technologies in the Life Sciences. HCLS and pharma community. NCBO, PharmaIT, Pistoia, Biobanking and publishing opportunities NCBO team as well as Protégé and others in Biomedical Informatics Research Mark Musen. Healthcare and Life Sciences (CSHALS) Semantic Web Applications for the Life Sciences (SWAT4LS) is open for submissions Journal of Biomedical Semantics RDF Symposium at ACS Meeting and Data Sharing hits the papers Linking open drug data task RDF Symposium of the American Chemical Society, Boston. Linking the Resource Description Framework to Cheminformatics and Proteochemometrics”. Sharing of Data Leads to Progress on Alzheimer’s. NCBO: National Center for Biomedical Ontologies (NCBO) NeuroInformatics Framework (NIF). provided an overview of general to specific applications of ontologies and Semantic Web Electronic Health Records. EHR’s and HCLS create a demo that employs EHR scenarios. HCLS Gatherings HCLS IG WWW 2010 CSHALS Tutorial W3C’s HCLS Conference on Semantics in Healthcare and Life Sciences (CSHALS), giving background information on all of the key Semantic Web standards. Developed within pharma, healthcare, and scientific publishing, respectively. Documents Emerging practices for mapping and linking life sciences data using RDF — A case series Ontology of Rhetorical Blocks (ORB) Semantically enabling pharmacogenomic data for the realization of personalized medicine Translating standards into practice – One Semantic Web API for Gene Expression On-line Demos Clinical Observations Interoperability Demo Description of the 7tm Receptor Demo HCLS Knowledge Base: Examples Provenance of Microarray Experiments Contd… Other Previous Charter Previous Homepage Semantic Web Activity Home Categories group logistics (23) Meta Log in Entries RSS Comments RSS WordPress.org OpenID: A safe, faster, and easier way to log in to web sites. OpenID News and Activity OpenID Foundation 2013 Community Board Member Election Results OpenID Connect: Salesforce.com works with OIDF members to transform the future of enterprise identity Registration Now Open: OIDF London Workshop: “Open Standards and Internet Identity” Benefits of OpenID Bloggers and individuals Website operators Government add OpenID to your site in free, open source library. Contd… Who is using OpenID? Google Six Apart Yahoo! Flickr MySpace Facebook Wordpress Verisign AOL Common Knowledge A network of librarians, universities, students, lawyers, and technologists working on the challenges and opportunities of building a knowledge commons. Activities are in two main areas: Digital Public Library of America and . Medical Heritage Library Medical Heritage Library Medical Heritage Library OPEN CONFERENCE SYSTEM: open source software for conference management and publication PKP Scholarly Publishing Conference 2013 The (PKP) and the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) International Scholarly Publishing Conference The Public Knowledge Project National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) Fourth International PKP Scholarly Publishing Conference The newest Public Knowledge Project (PKP) software module, the Open Monograph Press (OMP) Open Webcast webcast A free current state of affairs for PKP, including a brief demonstration and overview of latest application in the PKP suite of open source publishing software. Webcast Live Link: http://www.ustream.tv/channel/publicknowledgeproject omp Open Monograph Press (OMP) an open source software platform for managing the editorial workflow required to see monographs, edited volumes, and scholarly editions through internal and external review, editing, cataloguing, production, and publication. PKP's New Sponsorship Program: PKP Conference. help to ensure the ongoing progress and development of all of our software, including OJS, OCS, OHS, and OMP. Find us on Facebook community a new Facebook page post a comment and let us know what are up to, add a photo, or otherwise PKP blog Survey on the characteristics of library-based publishing programs in academic libraries Public Knowledge Project announces the 1.0 release of Open Monograph Press OJS 2.4.2 Released PKP Scholarly Publishing Conference 2013 – First confirmed speakers 's Legacy OTARIO COUNCIL OF UNIVERSITY LIBRARY The Open Knowledge Foundation EMPOWERING THROUGH OPEN KNOWLEDGE global movement to open up knowledge around the world bring together a diverse community, building a network of individuals and organisations, founded on key principles. trusted, non-partisan, pioneering and passionate. create change by educating, empowering, evangelising and making. School of Data teaches journalists, CSOs and others how to use data to pursue their mission. OKFestival: is the biggest open knowledge event in the world. The Review: interesting public domain works on the web. CKAN: is the world’s leading open-source data portal platform. Open Knowledge Conference (OKCon) Open Data – Broad, Deep, Connected. A study of open-access publishing open-access journal PLoS ONE freely accessible journals. (Pub. Lib. of Sc.) Contd… PLoS ONE (Nature Publishing Group) 2010 published 6,749 papers, world's largest journal, authors and readers like the model of a broad-based journal with light peer review. The trends "show the success of open access", says , director of the Open Access project Public Knowledge in Washington DC. The growth rate is portrayed as dramatic, but it's not dramatic at all if the goal is 100% open access," says Stevan Harnad, a cognition researcher at the University of Southampton, UK. Other ways to make papers freely accessible, such as self-archiving and hybrid journals, which allow authors to choose whether to pay for open access, are also growing only linearly, he says. What is not known is whether open-access journals are competing with subscription journals, or whether they have opened up a publishing niche. Harnad believes that most open-access journals are new ventures. Institutions and funders — who have led the demand for open access — must mandate grantees to deposit papers published in subscription journals in open repositories. This would free up resources to support author-pays open access. "Publishers won't convert until the money is available to pay them," he says. Cont.. Unfortunately now too many open access journals are mushrooming & publishing low standard papers just by taking money. Being freely available such publications are dangerously affecting the science. Stories by subject Lab life Policy Stories by keywords Open access Publishing PLoS Journals Digital nature jobs More science jobs Post a job for free Resources elsewhere on nature.com Scientific Reports external links Directory of Open Access Journals Unesco Education Natural Sciences Social and Human Sciences Culture Communication and Information Media Services MEDIA SERVICES Open Access Forum 2011: UNESCO UNESCO Open Access strategy approved by the UNESCO Executive Board at its 187th session and further adopted by the 36th session of the General Conference. The invited experts from all over the world will also discuss how to create a network collaborative platform to promote Open Access to scientific information and research. Key global trends in Open Access to scientific information and research; Operationalizing the UNESCO Open Access strategy, including identifying partners and extra budgetary funding sources; and Contributing ideas and new trends for future (OA) is the provision of free access to peer-reviewed, scholarly and research information to all. It requires that rights holders grant worldwide irrevocable right to copy, use, distribute, transmit and make derivative works in any format for any lawful activities with proper attribution to the original author. Open Access uses information OA heart of UNESCO’s activities to build knowledge societies through the use of ICT. Mandated to maintain, increase and diffuse knowledge by assuring the preservation of books (ICT) to increase and enhance the dissemination of scholarship. OA is about freedom, flexibility and fairness. knowledge resources through necessary international conventions, and by encouraging cooperation among the nations in all branches of intellectual activity through exchange of publications, objects of artistic and scientific interest and other materials of information. Developed a comprehensive strategy for OA within the framework of the Information for All Programme (IFAP) to promote universal access to information and bridge the gap between information rich and information poor. OA experts from universities, specialized non- governmental organizations, UN agencies and publishing houses will gather together to deliberate on the strategy, present the global trends in OA and identify opportunities to improve access to peer-reviewed research information to all. Strategy and discuss issues relevant to the promotion and development of Open Access: UNESCO Open Access strategy, Open Access policies, Curriculum for training on Open Access, Network and collaboration for the development of Open Access, and Open Access repositories and journals. Contd… The recommendations of the expert meeting will be used for developing a plan of action for UNESCO within the overall structure of the Open Access strategy adopted by the General Conference. The meeting will also serve as a platform for initiating dialogue and collaboration for improving access to scientific information in developing countries. Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) Open access to scientific information Open educational resources LINKS Global Open Access Portal Files Open Access brochure Global Open Access Portal brochure Contd… UNESCO RESOURCES Photobank, Conventions & recommendations Publications ,Statistics Priorities Africa Gender Equality, Education for All Sustainable Development, Intercultural Dialogue Knowledge Societies Popular topics World Heritage, Water Intangible Heritage, Press Freedom HIV & AIDS, Climate Change Languages, Post-Crisis Youth Resources Conventions & Recommendations Documents, Statistics Photos, Bookshop Media, Name and Logo Human rights violation

Thank you