Horizon Therapeutics Public Annual Report 2020
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Sodium Phenylbutyrate (PB), Is a New Active Substance
SCIENTIFIC DISCUSSION This module reflects the initial scientific discussion for the approval of Ammonpas. This scientific discussion has been updated until 1 November 2001. For information on changes after this date please refer to module 8B. 1. Introduction Ammonaps, sodium phenylbutyrate (PB), is a new active substance. It is indicated as adjunctive therapy in the chronic management of urea cycle disorders, involving deficiencies of carbamylphosphate synthetase, ornithine transcarbamylase, or argininosuccinate synthetase. It is indicated in all patients with neonatal-onset presentation (complete enzyme deficiencies, presenting within the first 28 days of life). It is also indicated in patients with late-onset disease (partial enzyme deficiencies, presenting after the first month of life) who have a history of hyperammonaemic encephalopathy. The dossier submitted in support of the application comprises data generated by the applicant: all chemical/pharmaceutical data, the two mutagenicity studies for Part III, and for Part IV, the bioequivalence study and a review of the US IND/NDA programme. Additional information was available from published literature. Urea cycle disorders (UCD) are inherited deficiencies of one of the enzymes involved in the urea cycle, by which ammonium is converted to urea. Ammonium is highly toxic to nerve cells and hyperammonaemia may result in metabolic derangement, leading to anorexia, lethargy, confusion, coma, brain damage, and death. The most severe forms of UCDs occur early in life (complete enzyme deficiencies). The classic neonatal presentation of all the UCD (with the exception of arginase deficiency) is quite uniform and includes, after a short symptom-free interval of one to five days, poor feeding, vomiting, lethargy, muscular hypotonia, hyperventilation, irritability and convulsions. -
Transaction Drug 1St (DIN) 2Nd (PIN) 3Rd (PIN) 4Th (PIN) 5Th (PIN) 6Th
Transaction Drug 1st (DIN) 2nd (PIN) 3rd (PIN) 4th (PIN) 5th (PIN) 6th (PIN) 7th (PIN) 8th (PIN) 9th (PIN) 10th (PIN) 11th (PIN) 12th (PIN) 13th (PIN) Alectinib (Alecensaro®) 02458136 00904400 − − − − − − − − − − − 150 mg capsule Alemtuzumab (LemtradaTM) 02418320 00904161 00904162 00904163 00904164 00904165 00904166 00904167 − − − − − 12 mg / 1.2 mL single-use vial Asfotase alfa (Strensiq®) 02444615 00904483 00904484 00904485 − − − − − − − − − 18 mg / 0.45 mL single-use vial Asfotase alfa (Strensiq®) 02444623 00904486 00904487 00904488 00904489 00904490 − − − − − − − 28 mg / 0.7 mL single-use vial Asfotase alfa (Strensiq®) 02444631 00904491 00904492 00904493 − − − − − − − − − 40 mg / 1 mL single-use vial Asfotase alfa (Strensiq®) 02444658 00904494 00904495 00904496 00904497 00904498 00904499 00904500 00904501 00904502 00904504 00904505 − 80 mg / 0.8 mL single-use vial Canakinumab (Ilaris®) 150 mg/mL powder for solution 02344939 00904404 00903809 00904410 − − − − − − − − − for injection Canakinumab (Ilaris®) 02460351 00904405 00904411 00904412 − − − − − − − − − 150 mg/mL solution for injection Ceftolozane / Tazobactam 02446901 00904433 − − − − − − − − − − − (Zerbaxa®) 1 g / 0.5 g vial Cerliponase Alfa (Brineura®) 150 mg / 5 mL solution for 02484013 00904634 00904635 00904636 − − − − − − − − − intracerebroventricular infusion Cladribine (MavencladTM) 02470179 00904524 00904525 00904526 00904642 − − − − − − − − 10 mg tablet Cysteamine (ProcysbiTM) 02464713 00904354 00904355 − − − − − − − − − − 75 mg delayed-release capsule Daclastavir (DaklinzaTM) -
Primechoice Accord Formulary, January 2019 I 2018
January 2019 PrimeChoice Accord Formulary Please consider talking to your doctor about prescribing preferred medications, which may help reduce your out-of-pocket costs. This list may help guide you and your doctor in selecting an appropriate medication for you. The drug list, also known as a formulary, is regularly updated. You can view the most up-to-date list, or the specialty drug list, at MyPrime.com. Contents Therapeutic Class Drug List Introduction ...................................................................... I Anti-Infective Agents ....................................................... 1 Coverage considerations ................................................. I Biologicals ....................................................................... 5 Abbreviation/acronym key ............................................... I Antineoplastic Agents ..................................................... 5 Endocrine and Metabolic Drugs ...................................... 7 Cardiovascular Agents .................................................. 13 Respiratory Agents ....................................................... 19 Gastrointestinal Agents ................................................. 21 Genitourinary Agents .................................................... 23 Central Nervous System Drugs .................................... 24 Analgesics and Anesthetics .......................................... 29 Neuromuscular Drugs ................................................... 32 Nutritional Products...................................................... -
Carbaglu and Ravicti
PHARMACY COVERAGE GUIDELINES ORIGINAL EFFECTIVE DATE: 7/16/2015 SECTION: DRUGS LAST REVIEW DATE: 2/18/2021 LAST CRITERIA REVISION DATE: 2/13/2020 ARCHIVE DATE: CARBAGLU® (carglumic acid) oral tablet RAVICTI® (glycerol phenylbutyrate) oral liquid Coverage for services, procedures, medical devices and drugs are dependent upon benefit eligibility as outlined in the member's specific benefit plan. This Pharmacy Coverage Guideline must be read in its entirety to determine coverage eligibility, if any. This Pharmacy Coverage Guideline provides information related to coverage determinations only and does not imply that a service or treatment is clinically appropriate or inappropriate. The provider and the member are responsible for all decisions regarding the appropriateness of care. Providers should provide BCBSAZ complete medical rationale when requesting any exceptions to these guidelines. The section identified as “Description” defines or describes a service, procedure, medical device or drug and is in no way intended as a statement of medical necessity and/or coverage. The section identified as “Criteria” defines criteria to determine whether a service, procedure, medical device or drug is considered medically necessary or experimental or investigational. State or federal mandates, e.g., FEP program, may dictate that any drug, device or biological product approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) may not be considered experimental or investigational and thus the drug, device or biological product may be assessed only on the basis of medical necessity. Pharmacy Coverage Guidelines are subject to change as new information becomes available. For purposes of this Pharmacy Coverage Guideline, the terms "experimental" and "investigational" are considered to be interchangeable. -
New Drug Approvals and Extended Indications for Infants, Children, and Adolescents Marcia L
PEDIATRIC PHARMACOTHERAPY Volume 21 Number 11 November 2015 New Drug Approvals and Extended Indications for Infants, Children, and Adolescents Marcia L. Buck, PharmD, FCCP, FPPAG ver the past six months, a number of which slowly releases the drug over time, O significant new drugs have been approved providing up to 13 hours of symptom control. by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In The safety and efficacy of the product was addition, several drugs already on the market established in a phase 3 randomized, placebo- have been granted an indication for use in controlled trial in 108 children with ADHD.4 pediatric patients. Following a 5-week open-label dose optimization period, patients were randomized to New Drug Product Approvals treatment (2.5-10 mg) or placebo for a 1-week period. At the end of the week, scores on the Adapalene and Benzoyl Peroxide Swanson, Kotkin, Agler, M-Flynn, and Pelham Epiduo Forte®, a new product containing (SKAMP)-Combined rating scale were adapalene 0.3%, a retinoid, and benzoyl peroxide compared to baseline. The change in scores after 2.5% was approved on July 16, 2015 for the treatment demonstrated a statistically significant treatment of moderate to severe acne in adults improvement throughout the day compared to and children 12 years of age and older.1 The placebo (assessed at 1, 2, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 13 efficacy of the new product was demonstrated in hours post-dose), with a mean change of -8.8 (SE a phase 3 multicenter randomized, double-blind 1.14) in the treated patients and 6.0 (SE 1.19) in trial comparing it to the gel vehicle without the the controls. -
Specialty Pharmacy Program Drug List
Specialty Pharmacy Program Drug List The Specialty Pharmacy Program covers certain drugs commonly referred to as high-cost Specialty Drugs. To receive in- network benefits/coverage for these drugs, these drugs must be dispensed through a select group of contracted specialty pharmacies or your medical provider. Please call the BCBSLA Customer Service number on the back of your member ID card for information about our contracted specialty pharmacies. All specialty drugs listed below are limited to the retail day supply listed in your benefit plan (typically a 30-day supply). As benefits may vary by group and individual plans, the inclusion of a medication on this list does not imply prescription drug coverage. Please refer to your benefit plan for a complete list of benefits, including specific exclusions, limitations and member cost-sharing amounts you are responsible for such as a deductible, copayment and coinsurance. Brand Name Generic Name Drug Classification 8-MOP methoxsalen Psoralen ACTEMRA SC tocilizumab Monoclonal Antibody/Arthritis ACTHAR corticotropin Adrenocortical Insufficiency ACTIMMUNE interferon gamma 1b Interferon ADCIRCA tadalafil Pulmonary Vasodilator ADEMPAS riociguat Pulmonary Vasodilator AFINITOR everolimus Oncology ALECENSA alectinib Oncology ALKERAN (oral) melphalan Oncology ALUNBRIG brigatinib Oncology AMPYRA ER dalfampridine Multiple Sclerosis APTIVUS tipranavir HIV/AIDS APOKYN apomorphine Parkinson's Disease ARCALYST rilonacept Interleukin Blocker/CAPS ATRIPLA efavirenz-emtricitabine-tenofovir HIV/AIDS AUBAGIO -
Estonian Statistics on Medicines 2016 1/41
Estonian Statistics on Medicines 2016 ATC code ATC group / Active substance (rout of admin.) Quantity sold Unit DDD Unit DDD/1000/ day A ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM 167,8985 A01 STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 0,0738 A01A STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 0,0738 A01AB Antiinfectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment 0,0738 A01AB09 Miconazole (O) 7088 g 0,2 g 0,0738 A01AB12 Hexetidine (O) 1951200 ml A01AB81 Neomycin+ Benzocaine (dental) 30200 pieces A01AB82 Demeclocycline+ Triamcinolone (dental) 680 g A01AC Corticosteroids for local oral treatment A01AC81 Dexamethasone+ Thymol (dental) 3094 ml A01AD Other agents for local oral treatment A01AD80 Lidocaine+ Cetylpyridinium chloride (gingival) 227150 g A01AD81 Lidocaine+ Cetrimide (O) 30900 g A01AD82 Choline salicylate (O) 864720 pieces A01AD83 Lidocaine+ Chamomille extract (O) 370080 g A01AD90 Lidocaine+ Paraformaldehyde (dental) 405 g A02 DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS 47,1312 A02A ANTACIDS 1,0133 Combinations and complexes of aluminium, calcium and A02AD 1,0133 magnesium compounds A02AD81 Aluminium hydroxide+ Magnesium hydroxide (O) 811120 pieces 10 pieces 0,1689 A02AD81 Aluminium hydroxide+ Magnesium hydroxide (O) 3101974 ml 50 ml 0,1292 A02AD83 Calcium carbonate+ Magnesium carbonate (O) 3434232 pieces 10 pieces 0,7152 DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND GASTRO- A02B 46,1179 OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GORD) A02BA H2-receptor antagonists 2,3855 A02BA02 Ranitidine (O) 340327,5 g 0,3 g 2,3624 A02BA02 Ranitidine (P) 3318,25 g 0,3 g 0,0230 A02BC Proton pump inhibitors 43,7324 A02BC01 Omeprazole -
Cysteamine: an Old Drug with New Potential
Drug Discovery Today Volume 18, Numbers 15/16 August 2013 REVIEWS POST SCREEN Cysteamine: an old drug with new potential Reviews 1,2 3 1,2,4 Martine Besouw , Rosalinde Masereeuw , Lambert van den Heuvel and 1,2 Elena Levtchenko 1 Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium 2 Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Development & Regeneration, Catholic University Leuven, Belgium 3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 4 Laboratory for Genetic, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Cysteamine is an amino thiol with the chemical formula HSCH2CH2NH2. Endogenously, cysteamine is derived from coenzyme A degradation, although its plasma concentrations are low. Most experience with cysteamine as a drug originates from the field of the orphan disease cystinosis, in which cysteamine is prescribed to decrease intralysosomal cystine accumulation. However, over the years, the drug has been used for several other applications both in vitro and in vivo. In this article, we review the different applications of cysteamine, ending with an overview of ongoing clinical trials for new indications, such as neurodegenerative disorders and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The recent development of an enteric-coated cysteamine formulation makes cysteamine more patient friendly and will extend its applicability for both old and new indications. Endogenous cysteamine production cysteine, it is oxidized into taurine by hypotaurine dehydrogenase Cysteamine (synonyms: b-mercaptoethylamine, 2-aminoetha- (Fig. 1b). Taurine is excreted either in urine, or in feces in the form nethiol, 2-mercaptoethylamine, decarboxycysteine, thioethano- of bile salts [3]. -
Specialty Drugs Requiring Precertification
Specialty Drugs Requiring Precertification Policy Number: Original Effective Date: MM.04.009 09/01/2008 Line(s) of Business: Current Effective Date: HMO; PPO; QUEST Integration 06/27/2014 Section: Prescription Drugs Place(s) of Service: Home; Office; Outpatient; Ambulatory Infusion Suite I. Description A specialty drug is a drug that is typically high in cost (greater than $600 per month) and has one or more of the following characteristics: Specialized patient training on the administration of the drug (including supplies and devices needed for administration) is required. Coordination of care is required prior to drug therapy initiation and/or during therapy. Unique patient compliance and safety monitoring requirements. Unique requirements for handling, shipping and storage. Restricted access or limited distribution. The intent of this policy is to require precertification of designated specialty drugs on the date of approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This policy applies to drugs covered under the medical benefit and under the prescription drug rider benefit. II. Criteria/Guidelines A. Precertification is required for specialty drugs, effective on the date of approval by the FDA. Refer to Appendices A and B for the lists of drugs requiring precertification. B. A specialty drug is covered (subject to Limitations/Exclusions and Administrative Guidelines) when the following criteria are met: 1. It is prescribed for an FDA approved indication. a. Its use is consistent with the manufacturer’s prescribing information. b. When the FDA-approved indication lacks patient selection specificity, the patient meets the eligibility criteria for the clinical study or studies upon which the FDA approval was based. -
DTF Prior Authorization Drug List
DTF Prior Authorization Drug List The following is a list of the prescribed drugs included in your prior authorization program and is comprehensive as of the date of publication. Express Scripts Canada® makes every effort to ensure this list is updated regularly. Please note that prior authorization applies to the brand drug and its generic alternatives (if available). As of July 23, 2020 Drug Chemical Ingredient ABSTRAL fentanyl ACTEMRA tocilizumab ADCIRCA tadalafil ADEMPAS riociguat AFINITOR everolimus AIMOVIG erenumab AJOVY fremanezumab ALECENSARO alectinib ALUNBRIG brigatinib ARZERRA ofatumumab AUBAGIO teriflunomide AVASTIN bevacizumab AVSOLA infliximab BALVERSA erdafitinib BANZEL rufinamide BAVENCIO avelumab BENLYSTA belimumab BESPONSA inotuzumab ozogamicin BEOVU brolucizumab BOSULIF bosutinib BOTOX onabotulinumtoxinA BRENZYS etanercept BUDESONIDE budesonide CABLIVI caplacizumab CABOMETYX cabozantinib CALQUENCE acalabrutinib CAPRELSA vandetanib CARBAGLU carglumic acid CERDELGA eliglustat CIMZIA certolizumab CINQAIR reslizumab COSENTYX secukinumab COTELLIC cobimetinib CRESEMBA isavuconazole 1 © Express Scripts Canada. All rights reserved. CRYSVITA burosumab CUVPOSA glycopyrrolate CYRAMZA ramucirumab CYSTADROPS cysteamine DAKLINZA daclatasvir DAURISMO glasdegib DEMYLOCAN decitabine DIACOMIT stiripentol DUODOPA levodopa/carbidopa DUPIXENT dupilumab DYSPORT THERAPEUTIC abobotulinumtoxinA EGRIFTA tesamorelin EMGALITY galcanezumab ENBREL etanercept ENTYVIO vedolizumab EPCLUSA sofosbuvir/velpatasvir ERELZI etanercept ERIVEDGE vismodegib -
Annual Report 2018
ANNUAL REPORT 2018 1 WorldReginfo - e24a0d19-6157-4fbc-a92a-6a7490af94a8 FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS REVENUE € (thousands) 2018 2017 Change 0B % % 2018/2017 % TOTAL REVENUE 1,352,235 100.0 1,288,123 100.0 64,112 5.0 Italy 273,197 20.2 258,551 20.1 14,646 5.7 International 1,079,038 79.8 1,029,572 79.9 49,466 4.8 KEY CONSOLIDATED P&L DATA € (thousands) 2018 % of 2017 % of Change 1B % revenue revenue 2018/2017 Revenue 1,352,235 100.0 1,288,123 100.0 64,112 5.0 EBITDA(1) 499,079 36.9 454,661 35.3 44,418 9.8 Operating income 442,219 32.7 406,492 31.6 35,727 8.8 Net income 312,422 23.1 288,799 22.4 23,623 8.2 (1) Operating income before depreciation, amortization and write down of both tangible and intangible assets. KEY CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA € (thousands) 31 December 31 December Change 2B % 2018 2017 2018/2017 Net financial position(2) (588,380) (381,780) (206,600) 54.1 Shareholders’ equity 963,586 1,027,237 (63,651) (6.2) (2) Short‐term financial investments, cash and cash equivalents, less bank overdrafts and loans which include the measurement at fair value of hedging derivatives. PER SHARE DATA € 2018 2017 Change 3B % 2018/2017 Net income(3) 1.529 1.395 0.134 9.6 Shareholders’ equity(3) 4.724 4.932 (0.208) (4.2) Dividend 0.92 (4) 0.85 0.07 8.2 SHARES OUTSTANDING: ‐ average during the year 204,379,165 207,030,319 ‐ at December 31 203,971,585 208,261,894 (3) Net income per share is based on average shares outstanding during the year net of average treasury stock. -
Cysteine, Glutathione, and Thiol Redox Balance in Astrocytes
antioxidants Review Cysteine, Glutathione, and Thiol Redox Balance in Astrocytes Gethin J. McBean School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; [email protected]; Tel.: +353-1-716-6770 Received: 13 July 2017; Accepted: 1 August 2017; Published: 3 August 2017 Abstract: This review discusses the current understanding of cysteine and glutathione redox balance in astrocytes. Particular emphasis is placed on the impact of oxidative stress and astrocyte activation on pathways that provide cysteine as a precursor for glutathione. The effect of the disruption of thiol-containing amino acid metabolism on the antioxidant capacity of astrocytes is also discussed. − Keywords: cysteine; cystine; cysteamine; cystathionine; glutathione; xc cystine-glutamate exchanger; transsulfuration 1. Introduction Thiol groups, whether contained within small molecules, peptides, or proteins, are highly reactive and prone to spontaneous oxidation. Free cysteine readily oxidises to its corresponding disulfide, cystine, that together form the cysteine/cystine redox couple. Similarly, the tripeptide glutathione (γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine) exists in both reduced (GSH) and oxidised (glutathione disulfide; GSSG) forms, depending on the oxidation state of the sulfur atom on the cysteine residue. In the case of proteins, the free sulfhydryl group on cysteines can adopt a number of oxidation states, ranging from disulfides (–S–S–) and sulfenic acids (–SOOH), which are reversible, to the more oxidised sulfinic (–SOO2H) and sulfonic acids (–SOO3H), which are not. These latter species may arise as a result of chronic and/or severe oxidative stress, and generally indicate a loss of function of irreversibly oxidised proteins. Methionine residues oxidise to the corresponding sulfoxide, which can be rescued enzymatically by methionine sulfoxide reductase [1].