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New Intellectual and Artistic Ideas That Developed During The World History and Geography 2 - Flashcards Around 1500 A.D. New intellectual and artistic ideas that the modern world developed during the Renaissance marked the beginning of: Around 1500 A.D. "Rebirth" -- of classical knowledge, "birth" of What does Renaissance mean? the modern world. Around 1500 A.D. The Renaissance lasted from 1350 to 1600. The 1500s When was the height of the Renaissance? Around 1500 A.D. The Renaissance was characterized by a classical (ancient Greek and Roman) revival of ___ influence in the arts, architecture and literature. Around 1500 A.D. The Renaissance marked the beginnings of secular modern science and an increasingly ____ (worldly as opposed to religious) society. Around 1500 A.D. Renaissance artists and sculptors depicted realistically the human form more ____ and subjects were landscapes shown in realistic settings like ____ . 1 Around 1500 A.D. It spread from the Italian city states in Where was the Renaissance? southern Europe to northern Europe Leonardo da Vinci Around 1500 A.D. Two Renaissance artists: Michelangelo Around 1500 A.D. Shakespeare Renaissance playwright: Around 1500 A.D. Erasmus Renaissance humanist: The chief intellectual movement of the Around 1500 A.D. Renaissance. Emphasized secular (not What is "humanism"? religious) concerns and education. Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Around 1500 A.D. Hinduism What were the world’s five major religions? Around 1500 A.D. There were five major world religions. Where Concentrated in Europe and the Middle East was Judaism located? 2 Around 1500 A.D. There were five major world religions. Where Concentrated in Europe and the Middle East was Christianity located? Around 1500 A.D. There were five major world religions. Where Parts of Asia, Africa, and southern Europe was Islam located? Around 1500 A.D. There were five major world religions. Where India and part of Southeast Asia was Hinduism located? Around 1500 A.D. There were five major world religions. Where East and Southeast Asia was Buddhism located? Around 1500 A.D. What were some of the technological and Paper, compass, silk, porcelain scientific advancements made in China and exchanged along trade routes? Around 1500 A.D. What were some of the technological and Textiles, numeral system (India and Middle scientific advancements made in India and East) the Middle East and exchanged along trade routes? Around 1500 A.D. Scientific transfer—Medicine, astronomy, In what areas were scientific advancements mathematics made and exchanged along trade routes? 3 Around 1500 A.D. For centuries, the Roman Catholic Church had little competition in religious thought and the Protestant Reformation action. The resistance of the church to change led to: Around 1500 A.D. • Merchant wealth challenged the Church’s view What were the problems and issues that of usury. provoked religious reforms in Western • German and English nobility disliked Italian domination of the Church. Christianity? • The Church’s great political power and wealth Conflicts that challenged the authority of the caused conflict. Church in Rome • Church corruption and the sale of indulgences were widespread and caused conflict. Around 1500 A.D. The Reformation began as a rebellion against The Catholic church revenue by selling indulgences - a substitution for punishment for sin. People could certain practices of the Catholic Church, essentially "buy their way into heaven", or so they including the selling of indulgences. What are thought "indulgences"? Martin Luther (the Lutheran tradition) Opposed sale if indulgences - believed Around 1500 A.D. salvation would come by faith alone, Bible as What were the beliefs of Martin Luther? the ultimate authority, all humans equal before God Around 1500 A.D. In 1517, Luther nailed his 95 Theses to a church door. They criticized the sale of indulgences and What were the Ninety-Five Theses? other church abuses. Believed in predestination - the belief that God had determined in advance who would be "saved" Around 1500 A.D. and who would be "damned". Faith revealed by What were the beliefs of John Calvin? living a righteous life, work ethic Calvinism spread through northern Europe • King Henry VIII (the Anglican tradition) • Vie ws —Dismissed the authority of the Around 1500 A.D. Pope in Rome What were the beliefs of Henry VIII? • Actions—Divorced; broke with Rome; headed the national church in England; appropriated lands and wealth of the Roman Catholic Church in England 4 • Princes in Northern Germany converted to Protestantism, ending authority of the Pope in their states. Around 1500 A.D. • The Hapsburg family and the authority of the Describe the Reformation in Germany. Holy Roman Empire continued to support the Roman Catholic Church. • Conflict between Protestants and Catholics resulted in devastating wars (e.g., Thirty Years’ War). • Anglican Church became a national church throughout the British Isles under Around 1500 A.D. Elizabeth I. Describe the Reformation in England. • The Reformation contributed to the rise of capitalism. • Catholic monarchy granted Protestant Huguenots freedom of worship by the Edict of Around 1500 A.D. Nantes (later revoked). Describe the Reformation in France. • Cardinal Richelieu changed the focus of the Thirty Years’ War from a religious to a political conflict. Around 1500 A.D. Gutenberg's invention of the ___ ___ in 1450 printing press was one of the most important events of the period. Around 1500 A.D. The printing press revolutionized the literacy publishing industry by mass producing books. This caused ___ to spread. • Catholic Church mounted a series of reforms and reasserted its authority. Around 1500 A.D. • Society of Jesus (The Jesuits) was founded to Describe the Catholic Counter Reformation spread Catholic doctrine around the world. • Inquisition was established to reinforce Catholic doctrine. Around 1500 A.D. At first the Reformation divided the countries of Europe on religious principles, leading to religious What was the impact of the Reformation on intolerance. But, gradually religious toleration Western civilization? emerged, along with democratic thought. 5 Around 1500 A.D. The Reformation led to growth of: s_____________ secularism, individualism, and religious tolerance i_____________ r__________ t_________ Promoted literacy Around 1500 A.D. \ What was the role of the printing press during Helped spread the ideas of the Reformation - the the Reformation in the spread of new ideas? doctrines of Luther, Calvin, and others, more quickly. Around 1500 A.D. In 1500, the expanding economies of Asia European states stimulated increased trade with markets in: Around 1500 A.D. With the loss of _______ in 1453, European Constantinople nations fronting the Atlantic sought new maritime (sea) _______ routes for trade. • Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in Europe Around 1500 A.D. • Support for the diffusion of Christianity What were the factors contributing to the • Political and economic competition between European discovery of lands in the Western European empires Hemisphere? • Innovations in navigational arts (European and Islamic origins) • Pioneering role of Prince Henry the Navigator Around 1500 A.D. Who were some important explorers you are • Portugal—Vasco da Gama expected to know about for this test? • Spain—Christopher Columbus, Hernando Cortez, Francisco Pizarro, Ferdinand Magellan I plan to make a card for each of the explorers • England—Francis Drake but haven't done it yet. • France—Jacques Cartier Around 1500 A.D. One motive for exploration was to spread the Christian ______ religion. 6 Around 1500 A.D. One effect of the Spanish overseas Aztec, Maya, and Inca Empires expansion was the demise of these three Indian empires. Around 1500 A.D. • rigid class system A legacy of Spanish expansion in Latin • dictatorial rule America is a ____ ___ system and ___ rule. Around 1500 A.D. In the Americas, the colonies imitated the parent country culture and social patterns of their : Around 1500 A.D. The effect of European expansion in Africa trading posts was European ___ ___ along the coast. Around 1500 A.D. slaves, gold and other products European expansion in Africa led to trade in: • Colonization by small groups of Around 1500 A.D. merchants (India, the Indies, China) European expansion in Asia led to : • Influence of trading companies (Portuguese, Dutch, British) The worldwide redistribution of plants, Around 1500 A.D. animals, and diseases that resulted from the What does Columbian Exchange mean? initial contacts between Europeans and American Indians. 7 Around 1500 A.D. As the result of the Columbian Exchange, agricultural products such as ___, ___, and corn, potatoes, and tobacco ____ from the Western Hemisphere changed European lifestyles. Around 1500 A.D. As the result of the Columbian Exchange, horses and cattle European ____ and ___ changed the lifestyles of American Indians Around 1500 A.D. The most important result of the Columbian diseases like smallpox Exchange is that European ____ like ____ killed many American Indians. Around 1500 A.D. Impact of the Columbian Exchange African slaves • Shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to the use of: Around 1500 A.D. Impact of the Columbian Exchange destroyed indigenous economics and European plantation system in the Caribbean damaged the environment and the Americas: The triangular trade linked Europe, Africa, Around 1500 A.D. and the Americas. Slaves, sugar, and rum What was the triangular trade? were traded. The European nations exported precious metals from the Americas. • Gold and silver (exported to Europe and After 1500 A.D. Asia) • Impact on indigenous empires of the What was the impact of precious metal Americas exports from the Americas? • Impact on Spain and international trade • need better answer 8 After 1500 A.D. The _______ Empire emerged as a political Ottoman and economic power following the conquest of Constantinople. Around 1500 A.D. …much of Muslim territory in Southwest Asia The Ottomans brought under their rule- and North Africa After 1500 A.D.
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