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Antiaris Toxicaria (Pers.) SCORE: 3.0 RATING: Evaluate Lesch

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Antiaris Toxicaria (Pers.) SCORE: 3.0 RATING: Evaluate Lesch TAXON: Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) SCORE: 3.0 RATING: Evaluate Lesch. Taxon: Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch. Family: Moraceae Common Name(s): bark cloth tree Synonym(s): Ipo toxicaria Pers. false iroko sackingtree upastree Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 4 Dec 2018 WRA Score: 3.0 Designation: EVALUATE Rating: Evaluate Keywords: Tropical Tree, Naturalized, Toxic Properties, Light Demanding, Bird-dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 n outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 n 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n 405 Toxic to animals 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 y 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems Creation Date: 4 Dec 2018 (Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Page 1 of 17 Lesch.) TAXON: Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) SCORE: 3.0 RATING: Evaluate Lesch. Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 y Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 y=1, n=0 y conditions if not a volcanic island) 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 n 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 n 604 Self-compatible or apomictic 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 >3 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 y=1, n=-1 n growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 y 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 y=1, n=-1 n yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 y Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 4 Dec 2018 (Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Page 2 of 17 Lesch.) TAXON: Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) SCORE: 3.0 RATING: Evaluate Lesch. Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes Bosu, P. P. & Krampah, E. (2005). Antiaris toxicaria Lesch. [No evidence of domestication] "Antiaris toxicaria is still a poorly [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. Louppe, D., Oteng- known timber tree; in Ghana it is on the list of lesser-used species Amoako, A.A. & Brink, M. (Editors). PROTA (Plant which are currently being promoted. Studies of its technological and Resources of Tropical Africa), Wageningen, Netherlands. investment profile may pave the way for increased utilization as a http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp. [Accessed 30 Nov commercial timber. Its fast growth and ease of propagation make it a 2018] potential plantation species." 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2018. Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2018. Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes "Native Africa NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Sudan EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Zaire (n.e.) WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Benin, Cote D'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Zambia WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Madagascar USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Asia-Temperate 2018. National Plant Germplasm System [Online CHINA: China [Guangdong, Yunnan (s.), Guangxi, Hainan] Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. Asia-Tropical [Accessed 30 Nov 2018] INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India, Sri Lanka INDO-CHINA: Cambodia, India, [Andaman and Nicobar] Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam MALESIA: Indonesia, [Celebes, Java, Kalimantan, Sumatra] Malaysia, Philippines Australasia AUSTRALIA: Australia [Queensland, Northern Territory] Pacific SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: Fiji, Tonga" Creation Date: 4 Dec 2018 (Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Page 3 of 17 Lesch.) TAXON: Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) SCORE: 3.0 RATING: Evaluate Lesch. Qsn # Question Answer 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. 2018. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. [Accessed 30 Nov 2018] 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y Source(s) Notes "Antiaris toxicaria is found from the wettest to dry forest types, from Bosu, P. P. & Krampah, E. (2005). Antiaris toxicaria Lesch. wet evergreen forest to dry deciduous forest, and even in wooded [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. Louppe, D., Oteng- grassland. It is often common in secondary forest, and is an Amoako, A.A. & Brink, M. (Editors). PROTA (Plant emergent tree of the high forest. In the wetter types of forest, it Resources of Tropical Africa), Wageningen, Netherlands. seems to prefer well-drained sites. Antiaris toxicaria can be found http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp. [Accessed 30 Nov from sea-level to 1800 m altitude. It has no special soil 2018] requirements." Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes Bosu, P. P. & Krampah, E. (2005). Antiaris toxicaria Lesch. "Antiaris toxicaria is extremely widespread, being found throughout [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. Louppe, D., Oteng- the Old World tropics. In Africa it occurs from Senegal east to Amoako, A.A. & Brink, M. (Editors). PROTA (Plant southern Ethiopia, and south to Zambia and Angola; it is also found Resources of Tropical Africa), Wageningen, Netherlands. in Madagascar. It occurs in tropical Asia, islands of the Pacific Ocean http://www.prota4u.org/search.asp. [Accessed 30 Nov (east to Fiji and Tonga) and northern Australia." 2018] "This tree, which occurs in tropical rainforests throughout the Old World tropics, was first planted in the Arboretum in 1929. Lyon noted seedlings of this plant in 1946. In our current survey, roughly a Daehler, C. C. & Baker, R. F. 2006. New Records of dozen seedlings were seen within 100 m of planted specimens. This Naturalized and Naturalizing Plants Around Lyon species may lack an effective disperser in Hawai͚i. The drupes are Arboretum, Mänoa Valley, O͚ahu. Bishop Museum fairly large (2 cm in diameter), and a large bird or bat would be Occasional Papers 87: 3-18 required to transport the seeds. Nevertheless, the plant appears to be locally reproducing. Material examined: O͚AHU: Lyon Arboretum (cultivated), 6 Aug 1964, G. Gillett 1592 (HLA)." Does the species have a history of repeated 205 n introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes "Locations: Foster Botanical Garden Imada, C.T., Staples, G.W. & Herbst, D.R. 2005. Annotated Harold L. Lyon Arboretum (Confirmed) Checklist of Cultivated Plants of Hawai͚i. Ho͚omaluhia Botanical Garden http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/HBS/botany/cultivatedp Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden (now National Tropical Botanical lants/. [Accessed 3 Dec 2018] Garden) Waimea Arboretum & Botanical Garden" Creation Date: 4 Dec 2018 (Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Page 4 of 17 Lesch.) TAXON: Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) SCORE: 3.0 RATING: Evaluate Lesch. Qsn # Question Answer Daehler, C. C. & Baker, R. F. 2006. New Records of "This tree, which occurs in tropical rainforests throughout the Old Naturalized and Naturalizing Plants Around Lyon World tropics, was first planted in the Arboretum in 1929. Lyon Arboretum, Mänoa Valley, O͚ahu. Bishop Museum noted seedlings of this plant in 1946." Occasional Papers 87: 3-18 Bosu, P. P. & Krampah, E. (2005). Antiaris toxicaria Lesch. [Broad native range. Little evidence of introduction outside native [Internet] Record from PROTA4U. Louppe, D., Oteng- range] "Antiaris toxicaria is extremely widespread, being found Amoako, A.A. & Brink, M. (Editors). PROTA (Plant throughout the Old World tropics. In Africa it occurs from Senegal Resources of Tropical Africa), Wageningen, Netherlands.
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