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Zosimus'un Pagan Perspektifinden Bati Roma

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T.C. SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ ZOSIMUS’UN PAGAN PERSPEKTİFİNDEN BATI ROMA İMPARATORLUĞU’NUN ÇÖKÜŞÜ: HISTORIA NOVA ÖRNEĞİ DOKTORA TEZİ Tuğçe ÜNVER Enstitü Anabilim Dalı: Tarih Tez Danışmanı: Prof. Dr. Haşim ŞAHİN MAYIS – 2020 T.C. SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ ZOSIMUS’UN PAGAN PERSPEKTİFİNDEN BATI ROMA İMPARATORLUĞU’NUN ÇÖKÜŞÜ: HISTORIA NOVA ÖRNEĞİ DOKTORA TEZİ Tuğçe ÜNVER Enstitü Anabilim Dalı: Tarih “Bu tez sınavı 15.05.2020 tarihinde online olarak yapılmış olup aşağıda isimleri bulunan jüri üyeleri tarafından oybirliği / oyçokluğu ile kabul edilmiştir.” JÜRİ ÜYESİ KANAATİ Prof. Dr. Haşim ŞAHİN BAŞARILI Prof. Dr. Turhan KAÇAR BAŞARILI Prof. Dr. Bedia DEMİRİŞ BAŞARILI Prof. Dr. Mükerrem Bedizel AYDIN BAŞARILI Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Kutlu AKALIN BAŞARILI T.C. SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ Sayfa : 1/1 SOSYAL BİLİMLER. ENSTİTÜSÜ TEZ SAVUNULABİLİRLİK VE ORJİNALLİK BEYAN FORMU Öğrencinin Adı Soyadı : TUĞÇE ÜNVER Öğrenci Numarası : 1260D12007 Enstitü Anabilim Dalı : Tarih Enstitü Bilim Dalı : Tarih Programı : YÜKSEK LİSANS DOKTORA Zosimus'un Pagan Perspektifinden Batı Roma İmparatorluğu'nun Çöküşü: Historia Nova Tezin Başlığı : Örneği Benzerlik Oranı : % 6 SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜNE, Sakarya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Enstitüsü Enstitüsü Lisansüstü Tez Çalışması Benzerlik Raporu Uygulama Esaslarını inceledim. Enstitünüz tarafından Uygulalma Esasları çerçevesinde alınan Benzerlik Raporuna göre yukarıda bilgileri verilen tez çalışmasının benzerlik oranının herhangi bir intihal içermediğini; aksinin tespit edileceği muhtemel durumda doğabilecek her türlü hukuki sorumluluğu kabul ettiğimi beyan ederim. 11/02/2020 Sakarya Üniversitesi ..................................... Enstitüsü Lisansüstü Tez Çalışması Benzerlik Raporu Uygulama Esaslarını inceledim. Enstitünüz tarafından Uygulalma Esasları çerçevesinde alınan Benzerlik Raporuna göre yukarıda bilgileri verilen öğrenciye ait tez çalışması ile ilgili gerekli düzenleme tarafımca yapılmış olup, yeniden değerlendirlilmek üzere [email protected] adresine yüklenmiştir. Bilgilerinize arz ederim. ....../....../20..... İmza Uygundur Danışman Unvanı / Adı-Soyadı: Prof. Dr. Haşim Şahin Tarih: 11/02/2020 İmza: Enstitü Birim Sorumlusu Onayı KABUL EDİLMİŞTİR REDDEDİLMİŞTİR EYK Tarih ve No: ÖN SÖZ İstanbul Üniversitesi Latin Dili ve Edebiyatı bölümünde okurken bölümümüz tarafından her yıl düzenlenen “Navisalvia – Sina Kabaağaç’ı Anma Toplantısı”nın 2009 yılı etkinliğine konuşmacı olarak katıldığı gün tanışma fırsatı bulduğum Prof. Dr. Turhan Kaçar'a, aynı yıl Pamukkale Üniversitesi'nde başlayan yüksek lisans eğitimimden bu yana akademik sürecimin her aşamasında bilgisini ve ilgisini esirgemediği için minnettar olduğumu belirtmek isterim. Aynı şekilde lisans eğitimimde üzerimde büyük emeği olan, akademik kariyer yapmam konusunda beni cesaretlendirerek Prof. Dr. Turhan Kaçar ile çalışmaya yönlendiren ve doktora dönemimde de tez savunma sınavım dahil her daim yanımda olan Prof. Dr. Bedia Demiriş'e ne kadar teşekkür etsem azdır. 2012 yılında biten yüksek lisans eğitimimin ardından Sakarya Üniversitesi'nde devam eden akademik hayatım boyunca fikri desteğini esirgemeyen Prof. Dr. Turhan Kaçar'ın tavsiyesi üzerine, “Zosimus'un Pagan Perspektifinden Batı Roma İmparatorluğu'nun Çöküş: Historia Nova Örneği” konusunu inceleme kararı aldığımız bu çalışmada danışmanlığımı üstlenerek savunmaya kadar öneri ve görüşlerini benimle paylaşan Prof. Dr. Haşim Şahin'e teşekkürü bir borç bilirim. Tez izleme komitelerimde bulunan Prof. Dr. Fuat Aydın ile doktora tez savunma komitemde yer alan Prof. Dr. Mükerrem Bedizel Aydın, Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Kutlu Akalın'a eleştiri ve katkılarından dolayı teşekkür ederim. Almanya Tübingen Üniversitesi'ne gitmemde büyük yardımları olan, orada bulunduğum süre boyunca gerçekleştirilen tüm toplantı, konferans ve diğer akademik etkinliklere katılmamı sağlayan ve tez araştırmam konusunda dikkate değer katkılarda bulunan değerli hocam Dr. Federico Montinaro'ya şükranlarımı sunarım. Bunun yanı sıra çalışmamın tüm aşamalarında her daim ufuk açıcı fikirlerini ve bilgisini benimle paylaşarak hem çalışma azmimi arttıran hem de olası hatalardan dönmemi sağlayan çok sevgili dostum Arş. Gör. Ceren Pilevneli ile yüksek lisans dönemimden bu yana araştırmalarımda karşılaştığım her türlü teknik aksaklığı aşmam konusunda yardımcı olan kıymetli arkadaşım Arş. Gör. Burak Çıtır'a çok teşekkür ederim. Ayrıca 2014-2018 yılları arasında verdikleri “Doktora Araştırma Bursu” desteğinden dolayı Türk Tarih Kurumu’na teşekkürlerimi sunarım. i Son olarak beni hayata hazırlayan aileme ve hayatımın her evresinde maddi manevi desteğini esirgemeyen, yorulmadan tüm sorunlarıma çözüm üreten ve her koşulda varlığıyla güç veren canım babam Muammer Ünver'e tüm kalbimle teşekkür ederim. Çalışmamı, en büyük motivasyon kaynağım olan kedim Bambina’ya ithaf ediyorum. Tuğçe Ünver 15.05.2020 ii İÇİNDEKİLER ÖN SÖZ ............................................................................................................................ i İÇİNDEKİLER .............................................................................................................. iii KISALTMALAR ........................................................................................................... iv ÖZET ............................................................................................................................... v ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... vi GİRİŞ ............................................................................................................................... 1 BÖLÜM 1: KONUYA İLİŞKİN LİTERATÜRÜN DURUMU ................................ 17 1.1. Historia Nova’nın Başlıca Edisyonları ve Çevirileri ............................................... 17 1.2. Zosimus ve Historia Nova Üzerine Yapılmış Tez ve Makale Çalışmaları ............. 18 1.3. Konuya İlişkin Antik Kaynakların Durumu ............................................................ 21 1.4. Konuya İlişkin Modern Literatürün Durumu .......................................................... 27 BÖLÜM 2: ZOSIMUS VE HISTORIA NOVA .......................................................... 42 2.1. Zosimus’un Yaşamı ................................................................................................. 42 2.2. Historia Nova’nın Amacı, Konusu ve Üslubu ........................................................ 51 2.3. Historia Nova İçin Kullanılan Kaynaklar ................................................................ 62 BÖLÜM 3: ZOSIMUS VE PAGAN İMPARATORLUK ......................................... 91 3.1. Augustus’tan Diocletianus’a Roma İmparatorluğu ve Zosimus ............................. 91 3.2. Historia Nova’da Iulianus ..................................................................................... 107 BÖLÜM 4: ZOSIMUS VE HIRİSTİYAN İMPARATORLAR ............................. 117 4.1. Zosimus ve İmparator Constantinus ...................................................................... 117 4.2. Zosimus ve İmparator I. Theodosius ..................................................................... 130 BÖLÜM 5: HISTORIA NOVA VE BATI ROMA’NIN ÇÖKÜŞÜ ......................... 145 5.1. Zosimus’un İmparatorluğun Çöküşü Üzerine Düşünceleri ................................... 145 5.2. Historia Nova’da Hunlar: Kavimler Göçü ............................................................ 153 5.3. Historia Nova’da Gotlar: Alaric’in Roma’yı İşgali (İS 410) ................................ 163 SONUÇ ........................................................................................................................ 182 KAYNAKÇA ............................................................................................................... 192 EKLER ........................................................................................................................ 215 ÖZGEÇMİŞ ................................................................................................................ 248 iii KISALTMALAR ABD : Anabilim Dalı Bkz. : Bakınız C. : Cilt CAH : Cambridge Ancient History çev. : Çeviren ed. : Editör ILS : Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae İÖ : İsa’dan Önce İS : İsa’dan Sonra Krş. : Karşılaştırınız PLRE : Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire RIC : Roman Imperial Coinage s. : Sayfa S. : Sayı SHA : Scriptores Historiae Augustae vd. : Ve Diğerleri iv Sakarya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tez Özeti Yüksek Lisans Doktora X Tezin Başlığı: Zosimus’un Pagan Perspektifinden Batı Roma İmparatorluğu’nun Çöküşü: Historia Nova Örneği Tezin Yazarı: Tuğçe ÜNVER Danışman: Prof. Dr. Haşim ŞAHİN Kabul Tarihi: 15/05/2020 Sayfa Sayısı: vi (ön kısım) + 33 (ek) + 215 (tez) Anabilim Dalı: Tarih II. yüzyılda Roma İmparatorluğu topraklarında Hıristiyanlığın yayılmaya başlaması, III. yüzyılda ortaya çıkan bunalım sürecinde meydana gelen iç savaşlar ve sınır bölgelerinde artan barbar tehlikesi ile IV-V. yüzyıllarda devam eden taht kavgaları ve teolojik tartışmalar Roma İmparatorluğu’nun değişen karakterinin ana faktörleridir. III. yüzyıldan itibaren imparatorluğu her anlamda olumsuz yönde etkileyen bu faktörler bugün yüzlerce araştırmanın ana konusunu oluşturan gerileyiş ve çöküş sürecinin doğmasına sebep olmuştur. Geç Antikçağ pagan ve Hıristiyan tarih yazarlarının eserlerinde detaylı bir biçimde ele alınan sürecin çağdaş yorumları modern tarih araştırmalarının yönünü belirlemiştir. Örneğin Edward Gibbon’un
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  • CLAUDIAN I 1 I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 I I I I 1 1 1 1 I I I Translated by I I MAURICE FLA INAIIHR I I I I @ Igjfgjfmifgjfgjfgjrej Mmmmmmmmmmm^Mmmm E

    CLAUDIAN I 1 I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 I I I I 1 1 1 1 I I I Translated by I I MAURICE FLA INAIIHR I I I I @ Igjfgjfmifgjfgjfgjrej Mmmmmmmmmmm^Mmmm E

    mmmmmMimmmmmmmmmmsmsmmjMmMM 1 m LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY i i i i 1 CLAUDIAN i 1 I 1 1 1 i i 1 1 1 i i i i 1 1 1 1 i i i Translated by i i MAURICE FLA INAIIHR i i i i @ igjfgjfmifgjfgjfgJrEJ mmmmmmmmmmm^mmmm e CLAUDIUS CLAUDIANUS, Latin poet of great affairs, flourished during the joint reijJns (a.i). 394—5^ onwards) of the brothers Uonorius (Lmperor in the West) and Arcadius (in the Hast). Apparently a native of Greek Alexandria in H^vpt, he was, to judge by his name, of Roman descent, though his first writings were in Greek, and his pure Latin mav have been learned by him as a foreign language. About A.n. 39^ he moved to Italv (Milan and Rome) and though really a pagan, became a professional court- poet compos- ing for Christian rulers works which ^i\ us important knowledge of Honorius' time. A panegyric on the brothers Probinus and Olvbrius (consuls together 39^) was fol- lowed during ten years by other poems (mostly epics in hexameters): in praise of consulships of Honorius (a.d. 39^, 398, 404); against the Byzantine ministers Rufi- nus (396) and Lutropius (399); in praise of the consulship (400) of Stilicho (Honorius' guardian, general, and minister); in praise of Stilicho's wife Serena; mixed metres on the marriage of Honorius to their daugh- ter Maria; on the war with the rebel Gildo in Africa ( 398); on the Getic or Gothic war (402); on Stilicho's success against the Goth Alaric (403); on the consulship of Manlius Theodorus (399); and on the wedding of Palladius and Celerina.
  • Of the Roman Empire

    Of the Roman Empire

    THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE VOL. v THE WORKS OF EDWARD GIBBON HISTORY OF ROME VOLUME V NEW YORK FRED DEFAU & COMPANY PUBLISHERS THE HISTORY OF THE DECLINE AND FALLOF THE ROMAN EMPIRE BY EDWARD GIBBON EDITED BY J. B. BURY, M.A. WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY THE RT. HON. W. E. H. LECKY VOL. v NEW YORK FRED DE FAU & COMPANY PUBLISHERS COPYRICKT, 1907, FRED DE FAU & COMPANY. CONTENTS OF THE FIFTH VOLUME PAGE LET OF ILLUSTRATIONS . Xi CHAPTERXXVII Death of Grdian - Ruin of Arianism - St. Ambrose -First Civil War, against Maximus - Character, Administration, and Penance of Tho- dosius - Dedh of Valrntiniun II. - Second Civil War, against Euge- nius - Death of Theodosius. A.D 361383 Characterand Conduct of theEmperor Gratian . .I His Defects . ...... 2 383 Discontent of the RomanTroops . .4 Revolt of Maximus in Britain . .5 383 Flightand Death of Gratian . .. .6 383-387 Treaty of Peace between Maximus and Theodosius . 380 Baptismand orthodox Edicts of Theodosius . 340-380 Arianism of Constantinople . 378 Gregory Nazianzen acceptsthe Mission of Constantinople 380 Ruin of Arianism at Constantinople . 381 " " in the East . The Council of Constantinople . Retreat of Gregory Nazianzen . 38-394 Edicts of Theodosius againstthe Heretics . 385 Execution of Priscillian andhis Associates . 375-397 Ambrose,Archbishop of Milan . 385 His successful Opposition tothe Empress Justina . 387 MaximusinvadesItaly . 37 Flight of Valentinian ..... ' 38 Theodosiustakes Arms in;he Cause of Valentinian . 388 Defeat andDeath of MaKimus . Virtues of Theodosius . Faults of Theodosius . 387 The Sedition of Antioch . Clemency of Theodosius . 390 Sedition and Massacre of Thessalonica . 388 Influence and Conduct of Ambrose .