About Tom Dempsey W ith 30 years of nature travel experience in over 20 countries, Tom has mastered the use of lightweight camerasSierra forNational photography Geographic DKon thePublishing go. His imagesRough Guidesappear Moonin travel Travel Guidespublications by , , , , , and more. www.PhotoSeek.com He authors internet website and teaches photography workshops in his home city of Seattle.

[email protected] comments and order images/books: Above: Tom traveling in , a favorite destination. Photo by Carol Dempsey. (2007)

“We shall not cease from exploration And the end of all our exploring Will be to arrive where we started And know the place for the first time.”

Little Gidding

— T. S. Eliot,

Back cover: Natural tannins released from decomposing vegetation stain Tidal River brown, in Wilson’s Promontory Park, Victoria, Australia. Captured with a compact . (2004) Canon PowerShot G5 210 | Light Travel Tom Dempsey Light on the Go

PhotoSeek Publishing Seattle, Washington

� Right: A Nepali woman turns a large prayer wheel at Pangboche Gompa, a Buddhist temple near Mount Everest in Sagarmatha National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Nepal. (2007)

Previous pages: The mountains of Eiger, Mönch, and Jungfrau (Ogre, Monk, and Virgin) reflect in a pond at Kleine Scheidegg train station in Switzerland. Six images were stitched to make this panorama—learn how on pages 44-45. Jungfrau-Aletsch is inscribed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO. (2005)

Cover photo: Trekkers pause at 13,000 feet/4000 meters elevation near the impressive mountain face of Fang (25,088 feet/7647 meters) in the Annapurna Sanctuary, Nepal. Photographed using a camera. (2007) D40X Digital SLR (DSLR)

www.PhotoSeek.com Research travel, browse , buy books, and shop for photo gear at

PhotoSeek Publishing 354 NW 112th Street Seattle, WA 98177-4841 Copyright © 2009 by Tom Dempsey, All Rights Reserved © 2010 second printing All photographs are by Tom Dempsey except where otherwise marked. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means without permission in writing from Tom Dempsey, except for inclusion of brief quotations in review.

Printed in USA at InstantPublisher.com, Tennessee ISBN: 978-0-578-03918-3 Contents Introduction ...... 9 Part I: How to Enliven Images ...... 24 Chapter 1. How to Compose Images ...... 26 Chapter 2. Focus, Expose, Edit, Create ...... 48 Chapter 3. Lightweight  . . . . . . . .64 Part II: Where to Seek the Light ...... 72 Chapter 4. Exciting Destinations . . . . . . . .74 Chapter 5. Nature Worship . . . . . . . . . 162 Chapter 6. Natural Patterns ...... 172 Glossary ...... 184 Index ...... 194

5 |  Erosion of fossilized sand dunes created The Wave, on the Arizona side of Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness Area. To help protect this section of the Buttes, a hiking permit is required from the US Bureau of Land Management. (2003) Photographers catch sunrise on Mount Nimrod/Nemrut Dağı in the Republic of Turkey in 1999 before digital cameras bested the quality obtained from scanning 35mm slide film. A decade later, the digital revolution empowers us with wonderfully lightweight cameras. Improved and high-ISO quality free us from previous constraints. But at dusk, night, and dawn we still require tripods to sharpen images recorded at speeds too slow for hand holding a camera.

Introduction Light Travel

teaches and inspires on-the-go photography using minimal equipment.

I illustratePart I: an Hactiveow to outdoor Enliven travelImages style for seeking evocative images:

teaches how to compose, focus, expose, and optimize photographs. Which camera is best—compact or DSLR? Are your skills more Part II: importantWhere to Seek than the your Light camera choice?

suggests exciting places to visit—a new state or another country. Revealing the beauty of our world can inspire environmental preservation and sustainable living. Glossary Index If a topic seems too advanced, skip onwards and revisit later. Read the for definitions of photographic terms. Check the to find all occurrences of a term or place name.

9 |  Mesa Arch glows at sunrise in Canyonlands National Park, . (2006)

Part I: How to Enliven Images

• Chapter 1: How to Compose Images

• Chapter 2: Focus, Expose, Edit, Create • Chapter 3: Lightweight Cameras

24 | Light Travel How can you create a charismatic ? explains how in mostly non-technical terms. teaches basic camera skills, then reveals optional computer techniques such as the following: Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Most people shoot JPEG files (with the default sRGB ) which are compatible with all computers and retail printers. Dedicated professionals often prefer working with RAW files and Adobe RGB color space to preserve greater color depth and a broader range (gamut) of color data for improving prints. The above panorama was stitched from five RAW image files recorded on a compact using ISO 50, lens 7.8mm (31mm equivalent in terms of 35mm film),Canon PowerShot f/8, and Pro1 1/160th second. Using Adobe Lightroom on a personal computer, for all five pictures as a batch, I adjusted the following: down -0.65 stops, white balance =5850 Kelvin, -5, 4, +3, +63, and -55. andExposure were brightened on the medium contrast by about 20%. WB TempThe five separateTint overlappingBlacks verticalBrightness photographsSaturation were stitched intoRed/Cyan a seamless Chromatic panorama Aberration in Adobe Photoshop CS3/CS4Lights softwareDarks using the menu.Tone CurveTo the right is the of brightness values shown in for the resulting TIFF file image (which was optimized and saved in 16-bit Adobe RGB color space). File>Automate>Photomerge histogram  Photoshop | 25 Chapter 1. How to Compose Images

“Genuine poetry can communicate before it is understood.”

— T. S. Eliot (1888 - 1965), critic, dramatist, and poet A ll photographers, from beginning to Photography is communication. What do you advanced, can benefit from compositional want to say in each picture? What’s the story? exercises. Work through the exercises Who is your audience? in thisA. Evoke chapter: Emotion Most of us take pictures for our own B. Fill the Frame enjoyment and that of an audience of family C. Create Contrast and friends. Evocative images by other photographers can inspire us to record vivid D. Fill with Flow touchstones for our own personal memory E. Apply the “” as well as for sharing with an audience.

F. Play with Perspectives Ask or imagine how others may perceive the photograph. Other viewers later won’t have your benefit of experiencing the smells, ImmediatelyPlayback after photographingmode each tastes, sounds, tactile sensations, or sequence exercise, review image sequences in your LCD of experiences that you felt when capturing or EVF in . Zoom into (magnify) the picture. Viewers will only experience eachhighlight photo to warning check for screen sharp focus.histogram Check for what you present. Design your sensational overexposure or underexposure using both image to stand alone, to complement a the and displayed sequence, or to gain impact with a for each photograph. Most importantly, ask well-written caption. Patient waiting or many yourself, “will this image maximize audience shots may be required before recording a impact?” If not, shoot more as needed. When brief shining moment in a great photograph. reviewing each picture on the LCD, your Are you serious about improving your strongest instinctive reaction helps identify photography? Don’t leave home without your the best images. camera. Practice makes perfect. Cameras are great tools to record pictures of products Define it and labels while shopping, or to photograph trailhead maps and signs for safety on a hike. Good qualityChapter subcompact 3: Lightweight cameras Cameras can handily fit a pocket/purse and make respectable Glossary: Camera Terms Explained prints. See . Confused by camera lingo? See the . Have fun with composition as you advance 26 | Light Travel yourPart skills I: How and to expandEnliven Images your creative portfolio. A Steller Sea Lion plays with a firehose at the Alaska Sealife Center, Seward, Alaska. Photographed using a camera with turned off to prevent reflections on the aquarium glass. (2006) Canon PowerShot Pro1

People pictures and

balance ambient light with flash People often look best with candid or relaxed automatic modes. To expose slower and expressions of emotion. Be ready to capture the pleasingly Night Scene — heightphotojournalist of spontaneous laughter or excitement Shutter-preferred/S/Tvsuch as indoors or at dusk,Manual/M night, or dawn—use when people forget the presence of a camera. a tripodSlow and Synchro dial your modeRear to Curtain , A records events accurately P/Program Aperture-preferred/A/Av, or exposure mode. without posing, as in the above Steller Sea Lion Or use (or ) f lash in image. To engage the feelings of your audience or Permission or and legal issues mode. enhance the sense of scale, include local people at permission various distances from the camera. Sometimes you can tell a story better by posing Ask public before property online internet posting of people or subjects. When arranging people images with identifiable faces, and remove if later outdoors, have them remove sunglasses and hats requested. On in the USA, youprivacy can legally take pictures of anyone or anything in to reveal their expressivefill eyes.f lash Recordflash atalways least ontwo shots to increase the likelihood of good expressions any public place,private where property no expectation of and open eyelids. Use — exists, though first asking permission is common mode—to fill harsh outdoorflash synchronization shadows on faces. courtesy.recognizable On faces of people or incopyright other countries, works followmodel their release rules. When you record photos containing The fastest allowed overexpose on publisher or , many cameras forces 1/200th second or slower a (a liability waiver) protects the shutter speed,ISO whichstop downcan f lashf/number photos against legal claims by those peoplestock or in sunlitaperture conditions outdoors. To compensate, photoowners. agency Photographers should have subjects sign use low Canon and PowerShot G11 (increase the a model release if the image will beEditorial sold to a news for ). An advanced camera such as the or will be used commercially to promote compact can shootmotion 1/2000th blur a product or message in any media. unreleased or second to improve fill flash usage usually doesn’t require a modelpublishers release. Tell and also freeze fast action. To prevent , publishers which of your photos are most cameras also limit shutter speed to no slower (having no model release), because are than 1/60th second whenever using flash in most legally culpable for unreleased images. | 27 How to Compose Images Exercise A: Evoke Emotion

Emotional impact outshines everything. LCD after every shot to see if it catches the feeling of what you saw. Trust your instinctive You don’t need a big or expensive camera to reaction. Also seriously consider constructive capture a striking or touching image. feedback from your audience and peers.

Research subjects in advance and open your If you know something emotionally crucial heart in the presence of your photographic but not visible regardingshutter the speeds subject, subject. When composing pictures, enter imply it panvisually—zoom and play with lens a state of emotional sensitivity, even perspectives, vary , follow the vulnerability, while simultaneously applying action ( ), or enhance impact with contrast technical and critical judgment. Trust your or color saturation (adjusted in camera or on eyes, not the camera. Check the photo on the the computer) to match what you perceived. Example A1: eyes

Keep sharp focus on an animal’s , or else you risk disconnecting your audience. Little else need be in focus. We instinctively look to face and eyes for emotional cues. We project our human feelings upon (anthropomorphize) everything including other animals, plants, and inanimate nature. Morph your instinctive reactions into photographs. A flip-out-and-twist LCD enabled viewing at arm’s length low into the wombat’s enclosure, with permission at Bonorong Wildlife Park, Tasmania, Australia. (2004)

28 | Light Travel Part I: How to Enliven Images Example A2

: The terrifying mask contrasts with the two calm caretakers. The 1794 golden mask of Seto Bhairab (White Demon) glares in Durbar Square, Kathmandu, Nepal. Nepal Airlines proudly painted a winged version of this sculpture on their jets. (2007) Example A3

: Intense and a recognizable icon such as a lighthouse (at winter sunset at Heceta Head, Oregon) can evoke strong emotional responses. Use audience feedback to edit and improve what you show. Display only your best and leave your viewers wanting more. (2006)

Chapter 1. How to Compose Images | 29 How to Compose Images

Exercise B: Fill the Frame Example B1 (two images on next page) Question: Simplify Without changing the lens zoom or aperture, your composition to make a clear Answer:how was the second photomoved on the nextcloser page and shot focused with a story blurred background and enlarged subject? statement. Exclude distracting or unrelated closer The camera was elements. Tell a visual with emotion, , sharply on the eye of the Galápagos Marine motion, humor, contrast, color, tone, Iguana (2009). pattern, symmetry, asymmetry, texture, In the upper image, a rock arch and sea lion offer and/or detail. background interest, but too many fillssubjects the frame compete for viewer attention. The lower image has stronger Choose vertical or horizontal which impact because an unusual reptile Nikon. Both best enhances the flow of the subject. If in photographsD60 DSLR were recorded with the same lensDSLR setting— doubt, record both versions and decide later. zoomed at 90mm with an aperture of f/11 on a compact camera. For a given ,sensor a size can usually blur the background more than To establish a greater sense of scale and a camera,Try this: mainly due to larger angle of view. depth when photographing an outdoor aperture Keep the landscape, include identifiableExample E2subjects at and constant. Move your camera three or more distinct distances away—near, physicallydepth closer, of field which enlarges the subject middle, and far (as in , page 39). in the frame. NowGlossary refocus at this closer distance, and the camera will reduce and blur background, as explained in the . Compare with pages 40-43, 53. Example B2

: All distracting elements are excluded, and enough water is included to establish pattern, space, and mood at Loutro Harbor, Crete, Greece. (2001)

30 | Light Travel Part I: How to Enliven Images Above, various subjects compete for attention…

Step in closer to fill the frame for Chapter stronger 1. How to C omposeimpact. Images | 31 How to Compose Images Exercise C: Create Contrast • Juxtapose

varying shapes, lines, textures, colors, and subjects to excite your audience and illustrate relationships. • Frame a brightly-toned subject on a dark background, or darkly-toned subject on a bright background. complementary color • Find a colorfulred subject on a background greenhaving a contrastingcyan. Blue or orange . yellow.For example, Yellow contrasts brightlypurple with blue. Greenor complementsmagenta redor popsColor well Theory against or complements or . Read more about on page 34. red orange • Cyellowolors have an advancing or receding quality. Intense,green warmblue colorspurple ( , , ) and bright values come forward. Cool colors ( , , ) and darker values seem to recede away from the viewer. • Darker, less intense colors invoke a somber Example C1: atmosphere while brighter and lighter colors A yellow sea nettle in the Oregon can create cheer. Play with mood. Coast Aquarium pops forward against a blue background. Yellow and blue are complements of • If the subject or pattern clearly stands out, then the RGB and CMYK color models on page 34. (2008) you have achieved good contrast. Example C2:

A Booted Racquet-tail hummingbird stands out against a lighter background in Bellavista Cloud Forest Reserve, near Quito, Ecuador. Red contrasts with green on the traditional RBY Artists’ Color Wheel. (2009)

32 | Light Travel Part I: How to Enliven Images Example C3:

Example C4: Triangular blue feet contrast with the rounded eggs and white belly of a Blue-footed Booby. (2009)

An orange layer of rock pops out against blue in the Canadian Rockies. Orange and blue are complements on the traditional RBY Artists’ Color Wheel. (2008)

Creating contrast is the heart of photography.

Chapter 1. How to Compose Images | 33 Color Theory

K Color Theory spectral color nowing how colors contrast and combine helps you compose images in your camera and spectral color laterrainbows edit colorprisms tones on a computer. is basedspectral on colors : ROYGBIV • A is identified by a fixedRed wavelengthOrange ofYellow light inGreen the continuousBlue Indigo visible spectrum,Violet as seen in and . Historically, Isaac Newton described seven using the acronym in the ordernon-spectral of decreasing colors wavelength: purple, magenta, , , , , and . Humans cannotRGB see color wavelengths model that arespectral outside color of ROYGBIVgrayscale such as colorinfrared, radio, x-ray, and ultraviolet. non-spectral Visible color include Pink and , which RGBare both RBY mixtures color modelsof blue+redBrown in the . Mixing a with a (white, silver, gray, or black) makes a , such as brown or pink. is red+white in both and . is actually a dark orange: a certain combination of red+green in the RGB model; or red+yellow+black in the RBY color model. The namesRGB of colorCMYK gradationsRBY vary by language, culture, tradition, and perception. primary colors model color wheel complementary Thecomplementary most common colors color models , , andpop aestheticallyare described and look below. brighter Each modelin contrast is based on three . Colors on opposite sides of a are called . When you place two next to each other, they . Theoretically, mixing•BY R two complementary colorssubtractive makes a neutral (pigmented) color (gray,primary white, colors or Redblack,Blue depending upon the color model). Yellow RBY is a historical set of , , andcomplement ( ). These colors, commonly available in early paints (plus green), became the basis of artistic color theory in the 1700s andgreen 1800s. The of each primarypurple color ink is roughly the colororange made by mixingR+B+Y the other two primary colorblack inks. Blue ink plus Yellow ink makes ink. Blue ink plus Red makes . Red ink plus Yellow makes . Mixing theoretically makes , but lookssubtractive muddy usingcolor real-world inks. RBY paints cannot be mixed to create cyan or magenta. RBY color wheel tints vary by artist. spectral Mixing color ink colors is called a system, because inks selectively absorbRBY and artistic reflect differentmodel Above: A traditional wavelengths and “subtract” brightness from uses subtractive white, non-inkedRed paper. In the using (pigmented) primaryArtists’ colors of subtractive primary colors, Color Wheel Blue RBY paints Red, Blue, and Yellow—RBY. 1. primary complements (contrasts with) green. Yellow 2. primary complements orange. •GB R 3. additive primary (glowing complements light) primary purple. color spectral color is an Red model that is used by digital cameras (where each color is roughly a peak of ): Green 1. primary complements (contrasts with) cyan. Blue 2. primary complements magenta. RGB cone cell3. primary complements yellow. additiveThe color color model roughly relates to the three types of RGB light complement color receptors in the human eye. The light in an model such as RGB emits directly from a source. Above: The RGB The of each additive is theyellow color model uses additive (glowing made by mixing thecyan other two primary colors frommagenta light-projecting sources. light) primary colors Color of Wheel Red, A Red light source plus Green makes what we see whiteas light. Green light Green, and Blue. plus Blue makes . Red light plus Blue makes . The overlapping MYKcircularC spotlights above show that R+G+Bsubtractive/pigment make light. color primary colors process inks Cyan Magenta Yellow CMY black color printing technology uses a model with three for • : , , andBlack ( ). Theoretically youK would get by mixing Cyan,rich black Magenta, and Yellow, but real-world inks combinecomposite with ablack muddy non-black appearance,white so printers add a ink (historically abbreviated ). Printing presses make a by applying K ink onto a beddingCMYK model of CMY . In the CMYK model, is defined as zero ink on the white paper or printsecondary media. colors The complementarygreen color pairs for the blue are the same as for RGB. As shownred CMYK inks in the paint circles at right, mix two primary color inks to get : Cyan ink plus Yellow makes ; Cyan ink plus Magenta makes ; Magenta ink plus Yellow makes . 34 | Light Travel Part I: How to Enliven Images Cut reflections with a polarizing filter

Example C5: circular polarizing filter

The dark A for your lens feathers of cuts reflected lightpolarizer from water or shiny a Galápagos surfaces, as polarizing sunglasses do Dove stand out for your eyes. A is one of the against a light background. few useful filters in , because the effect cannot be reproduced (2009) before later using software. Check the potential effect taking the time to screw on a polarizing filter: Hold the filter up to your eye and rotate it back and forth through a ninety degree (90⁰) angle. If you like the effect, mount the filter using its threads, look through the (or at the live LCD), then rotate the floating ring again to find the desired appearance. If you see no change as you rotate the polarizing filter through 90⁰, thenstops the filter won’t help, and will in fact hurt by reducing incoming light by 3 to 4 times (1.5 to 2 ). Example C6 above: When finished cutting reflections or polarizing the blue sky, don’t forget to remove the polarizing On this aster flower, yellow filter, and replace with your standard clear UV brightly contrasts with purplish lavender.ultraviolet Flowers filter to protect the expensive lens. have naturally evolved highly contrasting colors to attract pollinators. Some flowers display Only apply a polarizing filter to your lens when • Remove bright reflections color patterns which are invisible to humans but the image will be improved as follows: attractive to bees and certain other insects. On from shiny the long wavelength end of the visible spectrum, surfaces such as water, glass, metal, or green hummingbirds have co-evolved to suck nectar vegetation. See beneath the reflective surface from red, orange, and pink flowers—colors which • Enhance or remove rainbows of lakes or streams. tend to be inconspicuous to insect eyes. (2008) To find a rainbow , depending upon filter rotation between 0⁰ and 90⁰. , look in a line from your eyes to the shadow of your head on the ground, then redirect your gaze by a 42 degree angle to an area where direct sunlight falls on water • Increase the contrast between clouds droplets from rain, waterfall, or garden hose. and blue sky

⁰ , with ⁰maximum effect at a 90⁰ angle from the sun (and null effect looking near 0 into or 180 away from the sun). Clear blue sky is polarized, but not cloud. Don’t overly darken an attractive blue sky unless you intend to communicate a more somber message. Skies are naturally darker at higher altitudes.

Example C7: Polarized sunglasses will A green beetle contrasts with a black out portions of LCDs and magenta thistle in Vikos-Aoos National Park, Zagoria, of cameras, so wear Greece. Green complements magenta in the RGB color non-polarized sunglasses for photography. wheel model, described on previous page. (2001) Part II: Where to Seek the Light

• Chapter 4: Exciting Destinations • Chapter 5: Nature Worship • Chapter 6: Natural Patterns

Annapurna South (left), also known as Annapurna Dakshin or Moditse, rises to 23,684 feet/7219 meters elevation. Prayer flags express compassion at a monument to fallen climbers, at Annapurna South Base Camp (ABC at 13,550 feet/4130 meters elevation), in Nepal. Annapurna is Sanskrit for “Goddess of the Harvests.” Three images were stitched to make this sunset panorama.

72 | Light Travel For the viewer, photography is vicarious travel through time and place.

A Squiggly Bark Gum (eucalyptus tree) is marked by a worm which squirms under the bark. Ku-Ring-Gai Chase National Park, near Sydney, Australia. See and for more natural patterns. (2004) Chapter 6 Index

Wind blows prayer flags into an arch which frames Annapurna I, the world’s 10th highest peak (26,545 feet/8091 meters, which appears shorter than the peak on the previous page only due to perspective). (2007)

73 |  Chapter 4. Exciting Destinations

Blue-footed Boobies do a sky pointing mating dance on the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. Recorded with a camera using a lens at 185mm, ISO 800, aperture f/9, and shutter speed 1/160th second. (2009) Nikon D60 DSLR 70-300mm VR f/4.5-5.6 C Index urrently, my favorite places for outdoor See the to find images throughout the photography• New Zealand and recreation and Australia are: book for each country or state. • Nepal pages 80-93 This chapter may inspire your own unique • The Alps: Switzerland & France 72-73, 94-103 adventures. Plan a trip or see more images • South America: Ecuador, Peru, Chile, www.PhotoSeek.com 104-109 on my nature travel photography website: Argentina. Antarctica. • Western Canada 110-133 • Western USA 134-139 140-161

74 | Light Travel Part II: Where to Seek the Light Above: Trekkers cross the outlet stream of Lake Carhuacocha (13,600 feet/4145 meters elevation) in the Cordillera Huayhuash, Peru. Photographed on color slide film using a camera. (2003) Fujichrome 50 Nikon N70 SLR Right: A partial solar eclipse over Puget Sound, Seattle, Washington on July 11. Photographed on color slide film using an camera. (1991) 64 Olympus OM-1N SLR

The Romance of Difference

My home state of Washington packs incredible scenic variety into a small area, one of the most rewarding destinations on earth. Yet I hunger for experiences beyond my familiar home horizon.

Curiosity drives creative energy. Familiar surroundings are comfortably reassuring, but can eventually dull the senses. Humans naturally seek novelty and contrast. The joy of travel lies in the romance of difference. | 75 Glossary Camera Terms Explained

bold B italics elow, words in are defined as glossary entries. Items in indicate other common photographic jargon, brands of cameraAdobe gear,Lightroom websites, and book sections.

www.adobe.com) a computer software program designed by Adobe Systems ( Adobe Lightroom specially for photographers to elegantly and Adobequickly Photoshop organize, withedit, The gives you a leg up on technical terms. A lava lizard Bridgeand outputCanon images. Zoombrowser cut my workflow perches on a Galápagos Marine Iguana, Ecuador. (2009) Glossary time in half compared to using Graduated Filter Adjustment, or Brush . The upgrade fromAdobe versionPhotoshop 1.4 CS3/CS4 to 2.x added important Photomerge , panoramas tools and a quicker interface to Lightroom for featuresnon-destructive such as aperture (for stitching , described on pages 44-45). focal length aperture XMP sidecar smartly files storesRAW its Lightroom editing pupil diameter. For example, an of f/8 on an commands and labels in a powerful databaseexposure (and 18mm lens makes the diameter in color highlight for ). shadow gives 2.25zoom millimeters lens (or 18mmF3.5-5.6 divided1:3.5-5.6 by 8). photographers total control over adjusting noise, aperture tone, , recovery, fill, contrast A wide angle labelled or means that curve, blackfringing and white clipping points, sharpness, telephotoas you zoom, f/3.5DSLR is the widest (orcompact brightest) cameras Lightroomreduction, lens chromatic aberrations (red, blue, or at Aperture-preferred and f/5.6 is the biggestAperture-priority/A/ opening at the purple ), lens vignette correction, and more. Av exposure end. and advanced version 3 imports movies and improves have anf-stop (or copyright watermarking of export files. ) auto shutter mode speed that lets you ISOset the opening size ( ) while the camera meter automatically colordecides theory the (at a given setting). Color Theory Chapter 1. compactSee camera,on orpage 34 in point-and-shoot camera aperture; aperture-preferred / A / Av DSLR aperture a consumer camera designed for easeadvanced of use bycompact a mass lens diaphragm camerasmarket, with a body smallerISO than a camera. In The relative apertureis the hole or pupil formed by the the hands of skillful photographers,DSLR Subcompact f/number (overlapping blades)focal in length a camera. (using up to 200 or 400) can record Each size is expressed as an image quality like low-end cameras. —the ratio of the lens to the cameras weigh up to 8 ounces and fit a shirt pocket. 184 | Light Travel Glossary , , or DOF sharp locked focus the range of distance that remains depth in front of fieldof f/8 is great and in back outof where of focus you . Foreground and background thatDOF are outside of the will appear , as in the keyboard example aperture stop f/8 DSLR on page 53. Shallow —wheremacro background and/ To optimize sharpness, use an ortelephoto foreground blurs a short distancedepth from of focusthe focus aperture compact cameras point—is most noticeable in close focus and ofshutter on speed cameras, or a f/number photography. Increase aperture middleimage stabilizationon . Also lockingand sharpness focus one from third front of the to backdistance by using between a higher closest use a that is fast enough and furthest (smaller subjects pupil) for the and by (with turned on) to DOF portraits counteract blurring due to long telephoto or . Landscape images oftenthrowing employ the hand-held shake. aperture stops down backgrounddeeper outthan of focus . In portraiture,f/number sharper Most lenses capture sharpest images when emphasis canaperture be drawn to the subject by depth of focus —by reducing the using an 1 to 2 from the value for the (making a larger pupil size)—as widest,f/numbers brightest opening. The in the Red-footed Booby photo on page 116. Focus on increases with narrower (higher the eye of the person or animal being portrayed and ) but is counteractedresolution byZoom light little else need zoombe sharp. lens angle of view aperture diffraction through the smallerprime lens lenses pupil, which softens or blurs . lenses If you keep the and can be 5 to 25% blurrier than . constant,depth then of moving field your camera closer to a subject and refocusing will enlarge the subject in the frame, To research• www.dpreview.com how to optimize sharpness for a reduce , and blur backgrounddepth (as of for field given lens, check camera reviews: the second iguana on page 31). Moving away and then • www.popphoto.com refocusing on the subject will increase aperture • www.photozone.de and shrink the subject in the frame. If you keep the constant and don’t move the camera, then an depth of field Nikon Nikkor 18mm lens shrinks the subject relative to the viewing 18-200mm VR II f/3.5-5.6G DX AF-S IF ED frame and has a greater than a longer For example, using 's versatile lens, such as 120mm telephoto. aperture zoom depth apertures ofFor field a given camera using a fixed , wherever lens, you can sharpenf/8 is great images from 70mm to you stand or (wide or telephoto), the 200mm by using between f/8 and will remain the same as long as you keep f/16 (usually ). This lens transmits the focused subject appearing the same size images worst (blurriest) at 135mm, where in the frame (as in thecompact tortoise cameras example on page 41). as a workaround you can use an aperture between f/11 and f/16 for results much In bright light, many let you sharperDSLR than the otherf/8 pupil sizes. conveniently record photos with closer,macro deeper depth of focus shutter speed focus than a cameraDSLR with a larger sensor (unless On a camera, often nicely balances Canonyou take PowerShot the time G9 to mount a special lens or with sufficient diopter filter on a camera). For example, the while avoiding the fuzzier light which would compact camera can sharply diffract through a smaller openingdepth such of field as f/22. magnify small objects by focusingNikon's VRto 1DX cm 18-200mm (framing an area of 22 x 17 mm), which is much closer than If your goal is to maximize the 50 cm closest focus on Canon G9 aperture f/16while avoiding the softening effect of travel lens (giving 93 x 62 mm macro coverage).Nikon D60 ToDSLR f/numbersdiffraction throughDSLR the tiniest lens pupil, match the depth of Nikonfield of DX the with f/8 is compactusually sharper cameras than higher sensorf/8 zoomed to widest angle 7.4mm, the for a camera lens (or use stopscamera (mountingISO formatshutter lenses speed for APS-Cfocal for stops in bright light). length ) would need a 24mm lens set to f/25, and 3.5 f/16 requires fourshutter times speed brighter lightISO higher film to match the . The intensity (two full ) compared to f/8 (for in this example uses an equivalent to a 35mm in a given camera, , and ). termsDepth of of 35mm field . aperture focal length optical angle of view DSLR, SLR cameras is determined by lens , sensor film Digital Single Lens Reflex (or ), distance to depth of field camera the focus point, and size of or . Look up opticalan acronym viewfinder for “ ,” a the and for most www.dofmaster.com/dofjs.html styleReflex of that allows you to see from theshutter cameras on • www.dpreview.com/learn/?/Glossary release button through the lens via a mirror. • ( means reflection.) When you press the , the mirror must flip up, temporarily 185 |  sensor blocking theDSLR viewfinder in order to expose the digital compact to light shiningpoint-and-shoot through Dynamic range—the eyes have it thecamera lens. ADigital SLRcameraDSLR is bigger and heavier thansensor a or film . SLR ( ) style cameras dynamic range fit a digital DSLR in place ofSLR the found in older cameras. Prior to the use of a mirror in and designs, Human eyes can see a much wider camerasfilm with viewfinders had two optical of light values (from brightest to darkest) compared light paths: one light path through the lens to the range captured by cameras or portrayed by stops to the , and anothertwin-lens path reflex through TLR the prints or display devices: viewfinder to the eye, either positioned rangefinder • 10 to 24 aperture (16 million to 1) of dynamic range can be above the lens (a or ) or seen by human eyes when the pupil dilates or contracts like to the side (a camera). a camera’s (or 10 to 14 stops with RAWa fixed pupil). dynamic range JPEG Nikon D5000 Canon EOS 550D/ • Rebel12 stops T2i ofDSLR dynamic range arewww.dpreview.com recorded in files (or 9 stops in files) of and cameras (see ). the ratio of the brightest to darkest light Canon EOS 500D EOS 40D highlightvalue recorded by a camera or displayed by • Up to 11 stops of dynamic range are recorded in RAW a device. “2048shadow to 1” means the brightest files of (2009) andCanon EOS (2007) 450D/XSi DSLR stops is 2048 times brighter than cameras, aboutNikon 2000:1 D60 ratio of brightest to darkest light. the darkest . 2048dynamic is a range range (9 stops JPEG.) RAW files from the Canon of 11RAW , Glossary11 doublings,HDR or 2 to the (2008) and record about 10 stops (JPEG 9 stops). Realis SX50 Multimedia Projector Dynamize11th power. ToJPEG increase , see in , on page 45, and • 10 stops of dynamic range can be displayed by the ell UltraSharp 2407WFP-HC RAW on page 62. with 1000:1 contrast ratio. stops dynamic range 24-inch Widescreen Flat Panel LCD Computer Monitor files canJPEG record an extraDSLR one to three • 10 stops can be displayed by D of from a scene (2008) sensors Canon PowerShot Pro1 compared to files, using with 1000:1 contrast ratio and 1920x1200 resolution. compact cameras compact camera 2/3“ type sensor cameras withsensors APS-C sizeRAW (see box • 8 stops are recorded in RAW files of a at right). But on stop dynamic (which (2004) with (8.8 x 6.6 mm) . rangehave smaller JPEG), files record only about half of a of extra • 6 to 7 stops of dynamic range can be recorded by JPEG files compared to . from the average compact digital camera made in 2007. exposure Gold 200 ASA film • 7 stops of dynamic range can be captured by sensor print Fujichrome. Velvia 50 film aperture film theshutter amount speed of light received by the • 5 stops of range can be captured by or , as determinednoise by and color slide . ISO . Thesensor resultingfilm image • 4 to 7 stops of dynamic range can be displayed in shutterbrightness speed and depends on the photographs printed on paper. motion setting blur of the aperture or . The depth of field determinesOverexposure the amount of highlight , and theclipping determineswhite point clipping highlights the histogram Underexposure. can loseshadow detail by black datapoint at the of far right without (piling up) JPEG at the the noise . can lose detail white point, then adjust final appearance later on the by clipping data atproper the exposure and can create computer. Or if you prefer to capture without later extra properif you brighten exposure on the computer insteadRAW editing,EVF, Electronic expose more Viewfinder, carefully at shooting or LVF time. of shootingJPEG with . Artistic judgmentshadows determinesmidtones highlights) . When histogramsshooting Electronic Viewfinder or , to preserve the most detail (from Live View Finder to to , shoot to an acronym for , also known as a , whichEVF is theLVF miniaturized Below right: Shutter speed and aperture are interlinked. digitaloptical imageviewfinder display seen through an eye cup on For example, in Aperture-preferred (Av or A) auto exposure some digital cameras. An DSLR or replaces an mode, each increase of the f/number in the table (a full (eliminating the need for the bulky aperture stop) opens the shutter mirror apparatus design of cameras). A digital twice as long in order to let in the same f/number amount of light. All columns transmit shutter speed f/1.4 f/2.0 f/2.8 f/4 f/5.6 f/8 f/11 f/16 f/22 f/32 the same , or EV.

1/2000 1/1000 1/500 1/250 1/125 1/60 1/30 1/15 1/8 1/4 seconds 186 | Light Travel Glossary EVF LVF film sensor or helpfully shows the following:histogram the live in the 1960s. recordedDSLR byoptical the viewfinder, current camera is defined as 4 x 5 inches or larger. settings, and in some models, a live of light f/number, f-number, F number, or f-stop values.EVF/LVF Note that a consumes focal length aperture less power and may focus more clearly and quickly than an . = (lens focal length) ÷ ( diameter)aperture film, 35mm film= format f/number If the lensfull stop is 16 times the film diameter, thenaperture the is f/16. The following film standard f/numbers are listed from widest to 35mm was introduced in 1892 by William Dickson full stop narrowest (left to right), each admitting half and Thomas Edison,Film using stock supplied by the f/1.4 light of2 the2.8 previous 4 5.6 8 11 : 16 22 32 45 , with a standard image size of 24 mm by 36 mm. is a sheet of plastic coated with stop down aperture an emulsion ISOof light-sensitiveASA gelatin-bondedDIN silver f-stop f/number When you to narrow the , you are halide salts, with variablefilm developing crystal sizes that determine Aperture-preferred Manual changing to a higher value of the or . sensitivity ( , formerly and ), contrast,Leica and resolution. Chemical is required to make Cameras with or exposure a visible photograph. The small, high-quality modes can let you adjust aperture by half or one-third stop increments between the above full stop values. camera, designed in 1913 and mass Kodakproduced starting fast in 1925, helped popularize135 film the 35mm size film for For aslower given camera, theFaster brightest (widest) aperture of professional photography. In 1934, introduced a lens such as f/2.8 has a larger diameter than that the 35mm-wide in a handy metal cartridge, of a f/3.5 lens. lenses gatherslower more light which surpassed the popularity of the physically larger and are usuallyFaster larger,slower heavier, costlier, and can create better quality imagesshutter than speed lenses. and are terms reflecting the direct effect on . Nikon's Most18-200mm lenses VR arezoom labeled lens on the barrel with their widest aperture. For example,wide angle markedtelephoto “1:3.5-5.6” Instructionopens as brightly Manual as f/3.5 at 18mmstop down andwide f/5.6 angle at 200mm telephoto. The says it can to f/22 at and f/36 at aperture. Higher f/numbers decrease the diameterstops (pupil)down and admit less light while increasing depth of field. About two from widedepth open of is field usually sharpest on typical modern lenses (thereby balancing the increased with the worsening diffraction of light through a smaller, darker opening). sensor On a given camera, a given f-stop transmits the same amount of light to the no matter what lens you use. For example, the diameter of an f/5.6 pupil of a 200mm lens is 10 times larger than that of a 20mm lens, but bothwide-angle transmit lensthe same amount of light to the sensor—at a given f-stop, a 20mm gathers light from a wider area and stuffs it through a smaller hole than does a full aperture. stop f/number Each decreasingfull stop (measured diameterby ) doubles the area of the pupil’s circle. For each change, the pupil’s (twice the radius size) changes by a factor of 1.414 (the square root of 2).

The Viking stave church at Lom, Norway was rebuilt in the year 1300. Photographed in 1981 on  color slide film. | 187 Kodak 200 focal length; and Nikon focal length focal length multiplier or digitizing (scanning)lens 35mm equivalent film. Thisin terms of factor35mm filmof 1.5cameras makes an Canon18mm Digital Rebel lens captureDSLR the angle of view of fielda 27mm of view crop factor Focal length mm EOS. The 300D, 350D/XT, 400D/XTi,series 450D/XSi, cameras 1000D/ focal point XS,all have500D/T1i, a 550D/T2i) of 1.6sensor (including is the distance in millimeters ( ) from sensor film models Nikon the optical center of the lens to thefocal length zoomlocated due to an APS-C slightly on the oraperture whenf/number a subject at infinity is smaller than ’s. in focus. Lensesmacro are defined by zoom, gigabyte, gb range, brightestwide telephoto , closest focusing distance, and magnification.focal-length Good prime lenses flexibly cover to angles of view, without memory card one billion (1,000,000,000) bytes in the context of disk the needequivalent for separate focal length fixed- in terms of 35mm ( film) lenses. RAM Random orAccess Memory storagegigabyte capacity or data transmission. The angle of view is the Exception: in the case of computer ( degreescombination of arc of camera lens and digital sensor size ), traditionally means that captures the same film (measured in 1,073,741,824 bytes (or 1024 to the third power). diagonally in thenormal frame, lens or sometimes highlights horizontally) as does a 35mm camera. On a 35mm film camera, 50mm is a with a 47° histogram diagonal angle of view (roughly whatwide-angle humans perceive, the brightest tones in a photograph, as tabulated on the about 40-60 degrees,telephoto not countingDSLR peripheral vision).film far right side of the . With 35mm film, a 28mm lens is and a histogram 200mmcompact lens is digital cameras. Most and 35mm cameras captureaspect aratio width-to-height ratio of 3:2, while many record an image 35mm film a usefulimage chart (below left) which collates the with a 4:3 . For comparing cameras more equivalent angle of view gradationshistogram of pixel brightness of a digital image. accurately, check if your brand measures An is a spatial distribution of , and its diagonally (most common) or histogram tabulates pixel brightness frequency horizontally.focal length multiplier field of view crop factor DSLR from dark to bright, from left to right. A camera’s A , also known as sorts every pixel in an image into 256 bins (such as 1.5 or 1.6 forsensor cameras with of brightness value, andShadows displays each bin count as a APS-C size sensors), measuresfilm how many times smaller vertical bar. Themidtones 256 vertical bars meld into a spiky isNikon the diagonalD5000 D80 measurementD60 D40/D40X of a DSLR compared to highlightsor bell-shaped curve. (darks and blacks) the diagonalfield of aof 35mm view crop frame. factor For example the rise on the left, pile up in theCombined middle, RGBand , , , andsensor cameras histogram (brightest pixels) accumulate on the right. have a 1.5 , which makes Many cameras display a monochromechannels the anglefilm of view of the through a 200mm primary color. AdvancedAdobe Lightroom cameras show three histograms lens to be the same as a 300mm lens recording onto for the separatehistograms red, green, and blue histograms of 35mm . (200mm multiplied by 1.5 equals 300mm.) Chapter 2: Focus,. Expose, Edit, Create helpfully shows Despite the sensor being 1.5 times smaller diagonally, six-color . Learn more about in these cameras can capture better quality images than . To preserve the most detail, shoot histograms to far right image stabilization: IS, VR, VC, OIS, OS without piling up (clipping) highlights at the white point. , a desirable optical innovationshutter to counteract speed the shake of hand-holding a camera,IS which can blur imagestripod when using image a slow stabilization and/ or long telephoto lens. Turn off when using a . Optical can permit hand held shutter speeds 1 to 4 stops slower (2 to 16 times longer), depending on the camera model • Canon and lens. IS, Image Each brand Stabilization labels stabilization differently, as follows: • Nikon/Nikkor VR, Vibration Reduction • VC, Vibration Compensation • OIS, Optical Image Stabilizer Shadows Midtones Highlights • Sigma OS, Optical Stabilization • Sony Alpha Super SteadyShot CCD-shift image stabilization in the camera body Black point White point • body-based Shake Reduction

188 | Light Travel Glossary ISO sensitivity rating (ASA & DIN for film)

shutter speed aperture can be set higher to shootnoise images in dimmerISO light Metric conversions without changingASA DIN or , but at the cost of increased andfilm contrast. (formerlyInternational Organization & for film) for is Standardization a standard sensitivity (ISO) to light defined for digital and cameras by the . 1 meter (m) = 3.2808 feet = 39.37 inches (in) Most digital cameras have a lowest ISO setting of 50, 80, ISO 100, 100, or 200 200, and 400, increase 800, 1600, by steps: 3200… 1 meter = 100 centimeters = 1000 mm ISO stop 1 centimeter (cm) = 0.3937 inches noisy ISOEach 800+ doublingDSLR of increases sensitivity bysensors a 1 millimeter (mm) = 0.1 centimeters ofNoise light, but can make the image (grainy) at shadows for camerasISO with 1600 APS-C size . 1 ounce (oz) = 28.35 grams (g) is most noticeable in uniformsensors areas such astype 1/1.6” or1/2.5” blue skies at and higher. CompactISO 400 cameras (having small such as ISO 1600 or ) usuallyDSLR record significant noise to set the camera to higher ISO such as 800, 1600, or atsensors and higher, with images very blotchy at 3200. Beware ofnoise ISO 400-800 or highermaximum on compact effective ISO and higher. camerasstops with APS-C size printcameras size and ISO 1600 or higher on DSLR cameras, cannoise record images using at compactleast a 4 tocameras 6 times whereshutter blotchy speed impacts the higher 1/2.5 number inch type (2 to 2.5 better sensitivity) (discussed on page 68). Butaperture if too slow of for a given level compared to a blursISO the hand-held shot, and you with a sensor. are already using the lens’ brightest shutter, then stop choosingspeed a higher may be the only choice (aside Shoot withnoise ISO 200 forcompact bright sunny cameras from underexposing)tripod to invoke a faster subjects. ISO 100 is aDSLR slower and helps and reduce the risk of blurring due to hand- reduce for many held-shake. If no is available, try steadying the but doesn’t improve quality for cameras. For dim camera against a wall, surface, or tree. daylight conditions, increase ISO sensitivity to 400. ISO 200 In darker light, when you choose not to mount the Forrandom tripod hotspots mounted exposuressensor longer than 5 seconds camera on a tripod to steady the image, you may need at night, use (and no higher), in order to avoid created by imperfectionsDSLR on all cameras including models. A black shot with lens cap on can be hotspotsused to digitally subtractLayer Photoshop using a Blend in Mode Difference withNoise Reduction= . The

feature in some cameras can automatically do the same thing, but may smear image appearance­— test to find out. Left: The sun sets near winter solstice at Three Arch Rocks, Oceanside, Oregon. (2006)

189 |  El Capitan (9846 feet/ 3001 meters) is a granite tower of the 50-million- year-old Sawtooth batholith, in Sawtooth Wilderness Area, Idaho. (2007) JPEG or .JPG file format macro the default, compressed image file format most for easierAMOLED photography and betterSamsung creative and commonly recordedJPEG by digital cameras.Low Compression Be sure to candid shooting at arm’s length. Look for new superior, change your camera’s default recordingTIFF quality to the thinner displays such as by . LCD biggestmemory and cards finest quality ( , which LCDtechnology is common24-bit onsRGB televisions (Truecolor) and color computer space is virtuallyJPEG as good as an 8-bit file). Reliable, fast monitors.8 bits Standard monitors,color printers, and many can inexpensively handle the extra screens use primary color — volume. is compatible with all web browsers, with , or 256 shades of , for eachpixel of the image viewers, and editing software, and allows three channels of (red, green, or blue), photographsRAW to be compressed by a factor 10 to 20 with representing 16.7 million colors for each . little lossRAW in filesimage quality compared to the camera’sJPEG macro, close focus original version.Joint HoweverPhotographic if you Experts later edit Group image Compact digital cameras Dynamizetones, JPEG let you better optimizeRAW images.Glossary is an acronym for . See usually JPEG Macro on page 62 and in . require a special close focus mode or RAW sensor contrast button (often marked with a curveHow is a photographshadows recorded?midtones The camerahighlights flower symbol) to focus on objects nearer than about shapes the black data intowhite a mediumpoints Magnify your 50 centimeters or within 20 inches. Focus closely to histogram, gathers the , , 8-bitand world Chapter 1 DSLR enlarge a delightful unseen world—see between lossycalculated compression and memory on card the diopter filter , and writes the image to an JPEG macro on lens pages 46-47 in . A camera usually requires a screw-on or special fileRAW with conversion on your . to focus closely. By shooting JPEG files, you give up control of RAW megapixel, mp converter to the camera’s defaults, which usually don’t render the image as well as you could using a pixels program on a computer.JPEG sensor memory card lossy JPEG compression 1 million or colored dots resolved by a cameraNikon Each time you edit and resave a file on your D5000 DSLR, stored on a , or displayed on computer,JPEG the TIFF (.TIF) loses image pixelsa glowing computer monitor.megapixels For example, the quality. To uphold quality, always save your.TIF fileoriginal/ camera records width:heightimages 4288x2848aspect ratio non-destructivemaster image to a Adobefile Lightroom before editing. 3:2 , whichfilm equalsDSLR 12.2 cameras 4:3 . Megapixelscompact Better yet, instead of creating an extra , use a arecameras commonly arranged in a editor such as which of for and , forresolution saves edits in a compact database instead of in a bulky and television, and 16:9 for HD, Highsensor newLCD, file. Liquid Crystal Display Definition TV. Image qualityeffective and actual megapixels are morecompact closely cameras related to the physical size of the thanmegapixels to a camera’s total 8 mp . Caution: articulated In memory, increasing card the number of flip-out-and-twist,a screen that presents vari-angle a live image or plays back beyond aboutChapter 3is a marketing device photos recorded on a digital camera. An , that consumes more space but doesn’t or display is desirable help image quality—see for recommendations. 190 | Light Travel Glossary memory card, flash memory ISO 200 ISO 200 use . For tripod mounted hotspots exposures longersensor reliably stores recorded digital image files in your than 5 seconds at night, use andDSLR no higher, camera or other compatibleSecure device, Digital evenSD whenSDHC power in order to avoid random (created by is shutCompactFlash off. For widest compatibility and economy,SDHC imperfections on allhotspots cameras includingLayer Adobe models). getSD aHigh camera Capacity that uses ( gigabytesor ) PhotoshopAlso, a black shotBlend with Mode=Difference lens cap on can be used to or memory card format. Note: Noisedigitally Reduction subtract using a in ( ) cards support 4 to 32 , with . Your camera’s require an SD 2.0 card reader, and won’t work in an may do the same thing for long SD 1.0 reader. pixelexposures but may smear pixel appearance—test it. Memory cards handily carry large amounts of data from cameras to computers and other devices. To avoid color compatibility problems, download and backup the card’s data, then reformat the card in the camera before asensor dot whosePixels is determined by a combination shooting, especially if writes or deletes were done from of red, green, and bluespreadsheet values detected by a camera a different device. . are stored in a grid of rows and columns (like an accountingpixels per inch ), anddots can per be displayedinch Buy extra memory cards. After each photo on a monitor or printed on paper at varioussensor resolutions backupshooting scheme session or trip, put a removable expressed as (PPI) or pixels (DPI). label on the card(s) and externalrotate them hard through drives A camera with bigger pixels (a largerprint enlargements surface your in coordination with your main area per pixel) tends to capture higher quality LCD , image storage and backup on large . whichGlossary can make sharper/biggerColor Theory of metering area better quality (as discussed on page 68). See also in frame viewfinder the and on page 34. LCD the portion of theexposure (seen through a or Matrix/Evaluativeon a live ) where a camera reads light intensity to determine the before capturing an image. —the defaultCenter on most Weighted cameras— meters light based upon the whole frame and often improves flash photography. Spot averages meter light intensity in the central area of the frame, giving the best control and predictability. Finicky measuresmidtones light from a tiny center area.

shadows highlights histogram middle or medium brightness values of light falling mmbetween and on the . millimeter meter m focal length an abbreviation for . One thousandth of a noise (1/1000 ) distance. See also . film grain shadows random mottling (appearingNoise like ) in an image, especially noticeableISO in ISO or uniform areascompact such cameras as blue skies.ISO usuallyDSLR comes cameras fromNoise using a high setting, such as ≥400 in or ≥1600 in . affects maximum print enlargement size, discussedDSLR on page 68. sensors Nikon D5000 CanonHigh-end EOS 500D cameras with APS-C size such as the ISO (2008), 3200 noise and film camera (2009) introduced the ability to record good images at with less than any —even their ISO 6400 can be useful. Geirangerfjord, a World Heritage Site, is the epitome of Norwegian Noise Reduction RAW fjords. Photographed on color slide film. (1981) For better night images, deactivate , record files, and Kodachrome 25 191 |  RAM, Random Access Memory Nikon DX format Canon EF-S format 4with/3 inch lightweight type sensor camera design, e.g. hardware used by a computer and lens4/3” mounts. type processor to load and run programs and store dataRAM C. measuresDSLR about (usually referring to the maingigabytes volatile memory which 18 x 13.5 mm. Instead of using a is lost when the power is turned off). Computer Panasoniccamera model designed DMC-G2/G10/GH1 in a style with is traditionally measuredmemory in card defined as a mirror, considerMicro the smaller, Four Thirds mirrorless System 1,073,741,824 bytes (or gigabyte1024 to the third power). But 1/1.6 inch type sensor camera designed in the context of disk or storage capacity for lightersubcompact weight compact cameras lenses. or data transmission, a means one billion D. 1/1.7 inch type captures high quality RAW(1,000,000,000) file or bytes.format 1for/2.5 inch type and sensor . Similar noisy ISO is slightly smaller, 7.6 xcompact 5.7 mm. E. zoom Casio Exilim isFH100 tiny, 5.76 x 4.29 mm, and sensor above 1/2.3 200. inch Best type small sensor travel Canon the native, JPEGunprocessed imageRAW format recorded superPowerShot SX20;: Panasonic FZ35 withFZ28 24-240mm lens.ZS7; directly from a camera’s (before the camera WithSamsung similar HZ35W Kodak EasyShare: bigger Z950 has built a JPEG file). BeforeTIFF files can be printed , , & small or used,RAW they converter must be converted to a standard ; and bargain . format such as or onAdobe a computer, Lightroom using shadows special FastStone software Image whichViewer also serves Shadows asfilename an advanced extension editor (such as .NEF Nikon or.CRW the freewareCanon .RAW Panasonic ). The the darkest tones in an image. histogram are counted for a RAW file can be for , by brightness value and shown as vertical lines which for , for , or other names make a curve on the far left side of the . unique by brand. shutter release button JPEG memory card All consumer digital cameras can recordRAW images in Half-pressing shutter files on a , but only advanced release button prefocusing cameras write images in their native file format. and exposure then holding theshutter lag If youRAW want to later adjust the appearanceJPEG of images ( fully) canpressing lock focus with greatest flexibility, set your camera to record files , takeContinuous-Servo care of , as instead of the default . But if you prefer AI-Servoand allow you to recomposeSports/Action before not to spend much time editingJPEG. images, and you prefer to record an image (except in or a simpler workflow with no RAW conversion step, then or scene mode, which you may prefer shooting exposure all continuously hunt for focus, asshutter on pages button 48-52). white balance highlight shadow almostTaking instantyour time to prefocus with a half-press makes JPEG shooters must carefully set and RAW compactthe subsequent cameras full press of theexposure at the risk losing or white point on most cameras. Half-pressingDSLR on most data, but shooters can recover image data black point Exposure locks Lock both (EL) button and focus, stopsbrighter dynamicthan the camera’s range default JPEG and whereas more advanced cameras such as s can use darker than default RAW , to retrieve up to three a separate . highlight of shadow better than on advanced shutter speed, shutter-preferred / S / Tv cameras (page 186 box). format bettercolor preserves channel pixel and12-bit RAW detail files when editing, with 16 sensor film JPEGtimes more tonal8-bit leeway (4096 bits perRAW file format how long (in seconds) the camera’s or is per for compared12-bit RAW to onlysensor 256 for shutter speed stop exposed to light when capturing a photograph. Each , which14-bit is ). When capturing DSLR , exposure the camera records unmodified data doubling orshutter halving speeds of is a of light, to a file (or overkill in advanced cameras). such as from 1/15th to 1/30thslower second of faster. sensor, or Standard progress as follows in fractions …1 second, of 1/2, a second 1/4, 1/8, starting 1/15, 1/30, 1/60, on left,1/125, to 1/250… : measures photons of light like a bucket collecting full stops DSLR megapixels mp sensors For , most cameras round off shutter speed rainwater, and allows a digital camera to record images compact cameras Shutter-preferred fractions to the shown above. and sized in ( ). Generally, camera exposure Shutter-priority noise advanced have a with larger surface dimensions record better image Tv shutter speed ISO 400 auto mode (also known as , quality, reduce recorded at sensitivities above aperture Full frame sensor S, or ) that lets you set the while the , and require larger diameter lenses: ISO shutter speeds film Nikon FX camera metertelephoto automatically decides the at A. Canon EF measures about 36 x 24 mm— your given setting. Caution: Slow the size of a 35mm frame—requiring APS-C 1.8 inch type sensor and long lenses worsen theimage risk stabilization of blurring and lens mounts. caused by the unintentional shake when your hands B. size or measures hold a camera. Be sure to turn on about 24 x 16 mm. Balances good image quality (if supported by your camera or lens) to counteract 192 | Light Travel Glossary Playback LCD hand-held shake. After capturing a photograph, in your camera’s magnifying mode, glass magnify the image on+ the to- check that detailsaperture are sharply focused, by pressing the zoom controls (or symbols marked plus and minus).stop, full See stop / Exposure. Value, EV full stop EV Exposure ValueEach , or unit of light, stophalvesStop or doubles the amount apertureof light from stop thef-stop previous stop. One or commonly refers to one . usuallyshutter means speed ISO (Exposure), but can also refer to a doubling or halving of the amount of light controlled by orTIFF or. See .TIF also file . Tagged Image File Format © Adobe Systems TIFF files ( ), trusted since 1992, is now universally edited. .TIF retain files every pixel value withoutLZW lossy compression compression. To save spaceRAW on computer hard driveTIFF storage,Adobe squeeze RGB "color space" smaller using non-lossyAdobe Photoshop . I convert my bestsRGB colorimage space files to 16-bit in to fine tune in before convertingJPEG to anTIFF file for retail printing. To better preserveTIFF image integrity,nondestructive convert editor original Adobe files to Lightroom before extensive editing. Or, simply skip the intermediate by using a such as . image editor JPEG TIFF Most computers and cameras come with a basic free FastStone Image which Viewer can adequatelywww.faststone.org modify and image files. ForRAW an excellent free editor, try the freeware from which also imports Adobe image Lightroom files from mostPhotoshop cameras. CS4/CS5 For advanced editing required for publications and prints, use a Whitecombination Balance, of WB, AWB and .

Chapter 2 Auto White Balance AWB sets , as explained on pages 51 and 58-59 in . Digital ( ) adapts (as our eyes/brain do) to compensate for off-color casts on the appearance of relatively “white” or “gray” subjects when lit by differently colored light sources, such as daylight, clouds, Basílica del Voto Nacional in Quito, Ecuador was built or light bulbs. starting in 1892. Eight stitched images make this zoom lens (wide angle to telephoto) panorama. (2009) focal lengths angle of view frame has a slidingsensor rangefilm of opticalprime lens tozoom handily vary the of the recordedzoom by lens the camera or . (A doesn’t .) cropping compact Compact cameras by default start their at DSLR camerasrequire a smaller sensor, which often lowers image widest angle when power is turned on, and a lever (or quality compared to images fromsensor lens10x optical ring on zoom cameras)telephoto lets you zoom towards with larger sensors. For better print focaltelephoto length to opticallymm narrowwide the angle viewing angle. On a enlargement quality, upgrade to a larger angle of, the view end has ten timesdegrees the surface area andcompact lens with camera larger opticaloff diameter. of arc ( ) of the end, and ten times digital zoom crops narrower (which is measured in On a on , turn theCropping Nikon, usuallyCanon diagonally). DSLR 11x zoom setting, which usually image stabilization poorly and may beangle by of default.view and s boast an 18-200mm compact cameras megazoom superzoom telephoto(which is best lens done later on thepixel computer to simplify ultrazoomwith great for travel. In contrast, a composition) narrows the like a with , , or , but reduces count (reducing optical lens range (≥10x) physically effective print viewing size, discussed  on page | 68). 193 Index Bold page numbers indicate photographs. Symbols Non-bold page numbers refer to text.

See also 720p HD movie recording 66, 70, 71 Adobe RGB color space 25, 63, 193 1080p Full HD movie recording 66 AE, Auto ExposureSee mode also 27, 43, © 4, 193. copyright A 48, 49, 51, 52, 54, 56, 184, 1/1.6 inch type sensor 66, 67, 69, See 186, 192. aperture- 189, 192 preferred, shutter-preferred, 1/1.7 inch type sensor 66, 69, 192 A. aperture-preferred auto Program/P, Night Scene, 1/2.3 inch type sensor 69, 192 exposure mode Landscape,168 exposure, 1/2.5 inch type sensor 189, 192 85 See also Abel Tasman National Park, New aperture, ISO 1.8 inch type sensor (APS-C) 192. 88 Zealand Aegean Sea See PS-CA aboriginal art AE Lock (Auto Exposure lock) 46, 1D, 5D, 7D, 40D, 450D, 500D, 550D. Abraham 162 48, 49, 51, 52, 56, 192 Canon DSLR cameras acid-free paper 63 AF assist lamp (for autofocus) 60 2/3 inch type sensor (such as in See action/sports photographySee 27, 48, Africa 161, 162 Canon PowerShot Pro1) 186 52, 68, 70, 192 AF-S: Nikon Autofocus Silent Wave 4/3 inch type sensor. four Active D-Lighting. Nikon Active Motor (fast & quiet focusing thirds inch type sensor D-Lighting ultrasonic motor like Canon 8-bit 190, 192 additive color 34 USM) (is also an abbreviation 12-bit 63, 192 Adelaide, Australia 92–93 for Nikon AF Single-Servo 16-bit 25, 193 mode) 41, 46, 52, 66, 67, 71, Adjustment Brush tool inSee Adobe 18-200mm lens 20, 41, 46, 66, 67, 185 alsoLightroom 45, 62, 184 70, 71, 153, 185, 187 Adjustment Layers 63. Aguas 106–107Calientes, Peru 121 18-270mm lens 67 Aiguilles de la Tsa, Switzerland Layer 24-bit sRGB color space model 190 Adobe Bridge 62, 184 35mm film 9, 16, 17, 58, 68, 69, 120, air/atmosphere 32, 58, 84, 95, 153, Adobe Lightroom (see Glossary) 25, 187, 188, 192 161, 167 See 45, 54, 55, 57, 62, 63, 70, 184, 70-300mm lens 71, 74, 115 AI-Servo autofocus (AF) 48, 52, 192 188, 190, 192 14–15 27 76 78 176 Akrotiri, Greece 169 135 film. 35mm film Adobe Photoshop CS3/CS4/CS5 25, Alaska , , , , 640x480 pixel VGA movie format 44, 44–45, 60, 62, 63, 184, 66 189, 191, 193

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Define it 26 People pictures and fill flash 27 Color Theory 34 Cut reflections with a polarizing filter 35 Zoom your perspective 40 HDR: High dynamic range imaging 45 Focus closely and know your limits 46 Compensate exposure ...... 51 Improve light metering 52 Improve focus—active or still 52 Capture the night 60 Dynamize JPEG 62 Stabilize handheld shots 67 Enlarge prints without limit 68 Flip out your LCD 69 Learn fast on EVF or LVF 69 Protect camera life 70 The impact of travel 161 f/8 is great 185 Dynamic range—the eyes have it ...... 186 Metric conversions 189

194 | Light Travel 130–131 AlbergueSee Los Cuernos (Refuge), Annapurna Sanctuary and60 ABC72–73 Athena 162 76 SeeChile 94(Annapurna96 103 SeeSouth also Base Auckland, New Zealand 84 76 Camp), Nepal 4, , , aurora borealis Alberta. CanadaSee 12–13 18 21 28 37 73 algae. plant images>algae , , . front Aurora,88–93 Roman166 goddessSee also of dawn aligning subjects. realigning cover photo 60 72–73 Australia , , , , , , subjects, perspectives, and Annapurna103 South/Dakshin/ , . 37 back Rule of Thirds156 177 Moditse,21 132–133Nepal , , cover photo Alpine2–3 Lakes104–109 Wilderness163 Area, Australian Pelican Washington 100, Antarctica , Austria 105 Alps , 79, Antarctic Circumpolar37 Current144 132 auto 27, 43, 48, 49,See 51, 52, 54, 56, Ama Dablam, Nepal Antelope164 Canyon Navaho Tribal 58, 59, 193 Amasya, Turkey Park, Arizona , 140, , auto exposure/AE. AE, AE Lock, AMOLED (Active-Matrix Organic exposure, aperture, shutter Light-Emitting Diode), bests Antiochus, King 161 speed, ISO See Anu 162 LCD 67, 68, 69, 70, 190 84 autofocusalso 46, 48, 52, 60, 65, 66, Anasazi 140 Aoraki/Mount Cook, New Zealand 67, 69, 70, 71, 192. Anatolia (Greek name for what focus, AF assist lamp, Aperture-preferred or Aperture- 9Romans16 called Asia165 MinorSee Continuous-Servo, AI-Servo priority/A/Av53 auto exposure andalso Turks call Anadolu) autofocus, Manual focus (MF) , , 162–163, . mode (see Glossary) 27, 40, AUTO, on Mode Dial 27, 48, 49, 52, 48, 49, , 184, 185, 186, 187, Turkey 54, 56 See 189 ancient voyagers 82 AutoSee White Balance/AWB 51, aperture (see Glossary)53 19, 20, 21, Andes Mountains. South 51–52, 58, 58–59, 59, 193 166 178 25, 27, 30, 37, 40, 41, 42, 43, America Av. Aperture-preferred auto 45, 46, 47, , 55, 60, 61, 63, 53 anemone, sea , exposure mode 71, 74, 133, 153, 166, 184, 152 angle of view 30–31, 40, 40–47, See also Avalanche Lily (Erythronium) , 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 193. 41–42, 42, 43, 46, 185, 188, Apple Aperture 193 AVCHD, software animal images: 37 56–57 179 182–183 High Definition format Appalachian Mountains, USA bird images: Seerequiring high-end hardware AustralianBlue-footed Pelican Booby 33, 74 , , & editor 70 booby Apple iPhoto photo editing/ Red-footed Booby 116 AWB. Auto White Balance 94 workflow software 63 B 92 Apple Macintosh 62–63 Danphe Pheasant 117 APS-C size sensor for digital emu 35 cameras 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, Galápagos Brown Pelican background 20, 30, 32, 35, 38, 39, 71, 185, 186, 188, 27189,32 191,166 See GalápagosCaiquen, Doveor Upland Goose 127 40, 41, 53, 115, 171, 185 178192 179 geeseSnow Geese 158 backpacking. trekking aquarium photography103 , , , 22 118 Bainbridge Island, Washington 12–13 38 See Baja California Great Frigatebird Arakam142 Tse,167 Nepal gullBooted in Australia Racquet-tail 32, 112 , Utah , Baker. Mount Baker, 135– hummingbirds White-Necked Jacobin 111 , 10–11 126 127 128– 136Washington138 81 archival129 inks 63 Banff National Park, Canada114– Argentina6 37 , 143–145, , 164 115, Kea,90 alpine parrot Bartolomé Island, Ecuador Laughing Kookaburra/kingfisher 172, 132 Arizona , , 140, 107–, , 193 35 Basílica del Voto Nacional, Quito, insect images:47 108 163 beetle 113 Arolla88 Valley,161 Switzerland Ecuador190 cicada 162, batch 25, 62, 70 moth 42 art , batholith with blue wings,118 184orange head, Artemis battery 20, 66, 70 See Ecuador articulated (flip-out-and-twist) LCD BCE/Beforealso the Common Era/ lava lizard 166 , 17, 28, 47, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, BC 161, 162, 163, 168. sea creatures: 31 114 71, 185, 190 Canada (for BC, British Clownfish See also 184 ASA film sensitivity (ISO) 189 Columbia) Galápagos Marine22 Iguana , , 119 Asia 161. See Nepal, Turkey, Beagle Channel 132 gray whale 71 Anatolia Beagle, the ship that carried green sea turtle166 178 Asia Minor. Anatolia Darwin35 127 Sally Lightfoot or red lava crab 32 188, 190 beep 48 sea anemone 27, aspherical lens, corrects beetle 32 42 111 112 sea nettle (Chrysaora), sea jelly See 85 aberrations 16, 66, 67 Bellavista113 Cloud Forest Reserve, Steller Sea28 Lion Ecuador , , , , Assiniboine.35 Mount Assiniboine sheep 60 73  Provincial Park, Canada wombat | 195 aster Annapurna I, Nepal , Astoria, Oregon 150 168–169 117 See bell tower108–109 Brownalso Pelican Canon EOS 450D/Rebel XSi DSLR Berner Oberland, Switzerland 62, 66, 69, 186, 188 browser, internet webSee 62, 190. internet and www... Canon EOS 500D/Rebel T1i DSLR bicyclingSee 135, 151 Brushtail Possum. Common 62, 66, 67, 186, 188, 191 Bingham, Hiram 121 Canon EOS 550D/Rebel T2i DSLR 61Brushtail140 Possum birds. animal images Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah 62, 66, 67, 68, 186, 188 black 34, 35, 48–63, 153, 161, 188, , Canon Highlight Tone Priority 62 Canon IS, Image Stabilization 37, 189 bubble160 level 44 Black Clipping 54, 184 Buckhorn Wilderness, Washington 46, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 71, 188 black point 54–57, 56, 62, 188, 190, Canon PowerShot A650 IS 66 192 Buddhism 4, 95, 97, 100, 101, 102, Canon PowerShot G5 17,49 18, 19, 21, 93, 166, 210 Blacks slider in Adobe Lightroom 134167, 171136 139 25, 54, 62 Bugaboo Provincial Park, Canada Canon PowerShot G9 , 52, 53, 65, Blend Mode 60, 189, 191 , , 66, 71, 185 BLM/United States Bureau of Land179 bulbs, light producing electrical 58, Canon PowerShot G10 65–71, 67 Management 6, 172 193 Canon PowerShot G11 27, 65–71 Bloedel Reserve, Washington /Time setting for long manual Canon PowerShot Pro1 21, 25, 27, blue 32, 33, 34, 35, 38, 39, 42, 49, exposure 20, 60 37, 42, 43, 47, 54, 55, 61, 133, 54, 55, 58, 59, 63, 74, 82, 124, bus and public transportation 15, 186, 209 155–156, 164,33 168,74 184, 188, 82, 104, 120, 121 Canon PowerShot S90 small 189, 190, 191 155–156 C compact 64, 65, 66, 67, 68 Blue-footed Booby , Canon PowerShot SD500 Digital Blue Lake, Washington ELPH small compact 71 165 127 Canon PowerShot SD700 IS Digital Blue Mosque/SultanahmetSee also Mosque, Caiquen (Upland Goose), Patagonia Turkey ELPH small compact 37, 64, 63 65, 71 blurred images. optical calibration 146of computer monitor Canon PowerShot SD850 IS Digital image stabil., shutter speed, 58, 22 ELPH small compact 64 macro, sharpening, depth California Canon PowerShot SD870 IS Digital of field, night photog., Baja California ELPH small compact 64 diffraction camera 9, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, Canon PowerShot SX20 IS 28- blur from low resolution or 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 34, 37, 38, 560mm 192 insufficient number of pixels 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, Canon printers 63 42, 63, 64, 67, 68, 69, 185, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, Canon Zoombrowser 45, 63, 184 187, 190, 191, 192, 193 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, Canon Zoombrowser Photostitch blur from shake of hand holding a 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 74, 6 24–25 37 140 141 144 45–46 camera 60, 67, 68, 185, 188, 75, 93, 115, 133, 153, 166, 164 See also 189, 192 canyon , , , , , , 184,See also185, 186, 187, 188, 189, blur induced randomly by Image 190, 191, 192, 193, 209, 210. 24–25. 140 valley Stabilization activated when Canyonlands National Park, Utah 38 Chapter 3 and each , on tripod 60 brand by name blur the background using Capitol Reef National Park, Utah 31 53 campervan33 44–45, 82, 84,134–139 88, 90, 92 140 shallow depth of focus 30, Canaan (Middle East) 162 Cap Keeper for not losing lens cap , , 68, 185 Canada , , See 71 motion blur (due9 to19 moving20 48 Canadian Rockies/Canadian Rocky subject such as water or Cappadocia, Turkey 163 59 76 90 145 Mountains. Canada 209fireworks) , , , 27, , See also captions for images 26 17,150 27, 69,151 190. 33, 60,74 68,116 , , , 186, Carbon Glacier, WashingtonSee 153 people pictures card reader 191 Cannon Beach, Oregon , See Booby 32 ,112 , Carol Dempsey. Dempsey, Carol Canon 18-200mm IS f/3.5-5.6 EF-S also Booted Racquet-tail hummingbird car rental 82, 84, 88, 90, 105. lens 41, 46, 66, 67, 70, 193 , Canon Digital Rebel EOS series: campervan Boreas 76 300D, 350D/XT, 400D/XTi, cartridge54–55 187154–159 (taking several different See 450D/XSi, 1000D/XS, 500D/ Cascades/Cascade Mountain Range exposures of same scene) 45 also , See also T1i, 550D/T2i 188. Brahman 97 Casio Exilim EX-FH100193 24-240mm Canon EOS ... DSLR bridge 102, 108. Adobe small compact 67, 192 Canon EF format, for full Bridge cathedral146 146, 162, frame sensor (36 x 24 mm) brightness 25, 32, 34, 35, 37, 38, Cathedral Peak and Lake, California83 cameras 69, 192 39, 42, 46, 48, 48–63, 49, 50, 179 Canon EF-S format, lens mount for 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 62, Catlins District, New Zealand APS-C sensor cameras 46, 63, 67, 69, 71, 184, 185, 186, cavern/cave , 182 See 66, 192 187, 188, 189, 191, 192 CCD sensor (Charge-Coupled Canon EOS 1D DSLR 69 British Columbia. Canada Device) 66 Canon EOS 5D DSLR 62, 69 brown 34, 51, 117, 177, 210 CCD-shift image stabilization on the 196 | Light Travel Canon EOS 40D DSLR 62, 186 sensor in the camera body 188 See also cedar 161 See also 25, 58, 62. cropping images 42, 43, 45–46,87 47, Center Weighted light metering 52, color balance or white 62, 120–121, 188, 193 191. metering, light balance Crucible Lake, New Zealand (see Glossary) Color TheorySee (see Glossary) 32, 34, CRW, Canon RAW file format 192 centimeter conversionSee to inches 59, 184 crystal 190 189 ColorVision. Spyder3Express, Fuji CrystalSee Archive also Paper 63 Cerro Fitz Roy. Mount10–11 Fitz Roy, spyder.datacolor.com Liquid Crystal Display, LCD 17, Argentina color wheel 34 190. CDL Cerro Torre, Argentina 82 Columbia River 153 silver halide salts used in film Chamonix, France 105 Combined RGB 188 187See Champagne Pool, New Zealand150 Common Brushtail Possum 92 CS3, CS4, CS5, from Adobe. Champoeg State Heritage Area & communication 26, 69 Adobe Photoshop CS3/ Campground, Oregon compact camera (see Glossary) 26– CS4/CS5 channel 58, 59, 63, 188, 192See 27, 30, 42–43,See 46–47, 49–63, Custom/Preset Manual white chaos also172 also64–71, 184–193, 192–193 balance 58 charismatic images 25, 45. CompactFlash 191. Custom WB 58 Chapters 1 and 2 memory card (see Cuzco, Peru162 121 cyan 25, 32, 34, 54 chest bag to protect camera 70 Glossary) See Chhukhung,127 Nepal130–131 100 compact fluorescent 58 CybeleD Chilca, Peru 121 compensate exposure. exposure Chile 126, , compensation China 162, 167 143 complementary color 32–35 See D5000, D700, D3, D300, D90, D80, Chiricahua National Monument, composite 34, 45 See Arizona D60, D40/D40X. Nikon 95 102–103 170–171 compositealso black 34 94 Chomolungma (Mt. Everest), Nepal composition 24–47, 50–63. DSLR , , framing images in the Danphe Pheasant Chomrong, Nepal 101 viewfinder dark 20, 25, 32, 34, 35, 37, 43, 48, Christchurch,168–169 New187 Zealand193 See 84 compression 62, 190, 193 50, 51, 52, 54, 56, 62, 63, 92, Christianityalso 144, 162–163, computers and laptops 25, 28, 34, 131, 152, 186, 187, 188, 189, , , . 42, 44, 45, 48, 54, 55, 57, 58, 192 Darwin, Charles 39, 127 168–169 church187 and 193cathedralSee 62, 63,80 184, 188, 190, 191, 9 61 25, 62, 184 192, 193 database 62, 184, 190 also See also dawn , 20, 27, 59, church 47 , , . conch shell daylight 49, 58, 59, 189, 193 cathedral condensation 70. water default 49, 50, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 63, cicada insect and rain 190, 192, 193 circular polarizing filter 35, 71 cone cell 34 degrees of arc 188, 193 Clarity slider in Adobe Lightroom conflict 161 See Dell UltraSharp 186 55, 57, 62 conservation 178 21 79 democracy 163 climate. weather Continuous-Servo autofocus (AF) See Dempsey, Carol 7, 19, , 71, 76, , clipping 54, 55, 56, 59, 184, 186 48, 52, 192 56 57 39 44 82, 88, 163 contrast 27, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, close focus photography. macro images by18 Carol cloud 32, 35, , 42, , 45, 58, 59, 42, 45, 48, 49, 54, 55, , , Australia: Tom ascends Diamond210 111, 166112, 113, 193 60, 62, 68, 75, 184, 186, 187, Tree 64 Cloudy white balance 58–59, 193 190 New Zealand: portrait of Tom 78 Clownfish contrast-detectSee autofocus 60, 68 Thailand: Bangkok: sculpture CMOS sensor (Complementary conversion 189, 190, 192, 193 USA: Alaska:37 Alaska Range aerial Cook. Mount Cook/Aoraki, New USA: Arizona: Lower Antelope metal-oxide semiconductor) Canyon 66 85 114–115 150–151 Zealand Dempsey, Tom CMYK 32, 34, 63 copyright124–125 27, 184, 193 about the author 210 coast 70, , , , Cordillera Blanca, Peru 120, 39 75 See all book images shot on film. 177 79 18 21 210 coating on filter for antireflection, Cordillera Huayhuash,108 Peru , , film single vs multicoating 71 , 120 6 images of Tom14–15 , 76, 78 Denali National Park and Preserve,176 cold 63, 70, 95 See covered bridge color balance 25, 51, 55, 58, 59, Coyote Buttes, Arizona Alaska , , also Denali State Park, Alaska 61, 62, 68, 192, 193. Cradle Mountain-Lake89 Saint93 Clair 106–107 Dents des Veisivi, Switzerland white balance (see National Park, Tasmania, 31 41 Glossary) Australia151 88, , See depth of42–43 field/depth of53 focus (see color depth 25, 63, 190 Crater Lake National83 112–113 Park, Oregon114 See Glossary) 17, 30, , 40, , color, primary. primary color 115 151 See also See crater, volcanic , , , 140–145, 46, 48, , 60, 66, color saturation. saturation 30 , . volcano 185, 187 color, secondary. secondary Crete, Greece , 161, 169 desert 140, , 153, 162  colors See crop factor for sensor field of view. | 197 color space 25, 63, 190, 193 focal length in Glossary 36 Dharma 95 ED, Extra-low Dispersion glass, EVF, Electronic Viewfinder, or LVF diagonally , 70, 188, 193 to minimize chromatic (see Glossary)132 17, 26, 66, 68, diameter 184, 187, 193 aberration 41, 46, 44–4567, 71, 185 68–71, 69, 70, 186, 187 diaphragm 53, 184 Edison, Thomas54–55 18756 57 Explorer, M/S 50–51 Dickson, William 187 editing images 7, 29, 34, , Export54–57 62 Dietrich, William 161 48,See also , , , 62, 63, , 52, Difference 60, 75,See 189, 191 184, 186, 188, 190, 192, 193. , 62–63See diffraction 185, 187 Chapter 2, Glossary, button for 56 digital camera. See photography, Adobe Lightroom, www. exposure lock. AE Lock (Auto20 light, camera See SeeFastStone.org 24Exposure25 lock)44 45 editorial usage of images 27 exposure (see Glossary) 17, , digitalalso projector. projector 50 51 EF. Canon EF format lens mount 54–57, , 26, 27, , , 46, digital zoomSee 42, 193. See cropping EF-S (the S stands for short back 48, 48–63, , , 52, 54, , 56, 57, 62, 65, 68, digitizing. scanning100 focus).See Canon EF-S See also 184, 186, 189, 191, 192. DIN film sensitivity (ISO) 189 format lens mount Dingboche, Nepal Egmont. Mount Egmont/ oSeeverexposure and underexposure dinosaurSee 161 Taranaki, New Zealand diopter filter 42, 46, 49, 185, 190 Egypt 162 2–3 108–109 Exposure28 Value. EV, Exposure37 display. monitor, LCD, Display Eiger, Mönch, and Jungfrau, Value button Switzerland , eye 27, , 30, 34, 35, 36, , 38, 40, Display button 56 Ektachrome, Kodak190 color slide film 51, 53, 54, 55, 58, 62, 69, 90, 187 186, 193 DK PublishingSee 210 10–11 F D-Lighting, Nikon Active 62 El Capitan,127 Idaho El Chalten, Argentina , 126, DMC. See Panasonic cameras See DNA 161 f/8 19, 21, 25, 42, 45, 47, 53, 60, 61, DOF. depth of field/depth of Electronic Viewfinder. VFE 17 164, 184, 185, 186, 209 focus (see Glossary) Eliot, T.S. 26, 210 f/16 53, 60, 185, 186, 187 Dolby stereo sound recording 65, Emmons Glacier, Washington 56–57 126 emotion 28–29, 38–39, 68 Face Detect134 136 52 176 179 182–183 66, 69 167 88 92 Emu Park Holiday Park, Australia fall foliage/leaf color , , Dolomites,124 Italy 105 108 , , , , , Dome Peak, Washington167 31 41 See Engadine, Switzerland False Chanterelle Mushroom 47 door 89 43 47 Double Arch, Utah enlargement 17, 30, , 40, , 42, Fang, Nepal 4. front cover Dove Lake, Australia , 46, , 60, 68,85 185, 190,102 photo DPI/dots per inch 62, 63, 191 191, 193 fast pro lens 67 environmental impact , 94, , defined by brightest f/number Drake Straight 132 20 30 161 187 D-Range42 priority, Fujifilm53 62 EOS/Electro-Optical System = FastStone Image Viewer, www. DSLR (see 115Glossary)153 4, , , 41, See , 46, 49, 52, , 60, 66–71, Canon autofocus cameras faststone.org 63, 192,115 193 with EF lens mount (or Eos, 70, , , 184–193 102 See fauna. animal images Greek Titan Goddess of DSLR versus compact29 6897 Fernandina Island, Ecuador Dudh 9Kosi20 (Milky River),152 Nepal dawn). Canon DSLR ferry 84, 93 Ephesus, Turkey 16 FH100, Casio Exilim EX-FH100 24- Durbar Square, NepalSee also , dusk , , 27, 59, Epson 63 240mm small compact 67, Epson Premium Luster photo paper 192 dustSee 17, 70, 95. Spot Removal 63 field of view crop factor 188 equivalent focal length in terms of fill 26, 27, 30, 31, 36, 38, 39, 42, 50, DX. Nikon DX format 35mm film 188 54, 57, 62, 65, 95, 158, 184 Dynamic Range Optimizer (DRO), 117 Española/Hood Island, Ecuador fill flash 27, 65 Sony 62 Fill Light, slider in Adobe Lightroom dynamic range (see Glossary) 45, 18 73 93 30–31 42–43 50–51 See also Ether 167 57, 62 51, 56, 58, 62, 63, 66, 67, 186, See eucalyptus , , 92, fill the frame , , 192. DRH E Europe. Austria, France, film (see Glossary) Germany, Greece, Italy, 35mm film lens equivalent for Norway, Switzerland, Turkey digital camera angle of view European 22, 104, 167 20, 21, 25, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, earth 16, 18, 75, 82, 95, 104, 161, See Evaluative light metering (or Matrix 47, 53, 55, 61, 65, 66, 67, 82, 167, 168, 170 also metering) 52, 191. 115, 133, 153, 185 Eastman, George 187 digital camera photography EasyShare, Kodak 67, 192 See metering in Index and Glossary versus film 9, 16, 17–19, 58, echidna 9231 32 33 35 36 42 71 68, 69, 70, 188, 189, 190, 191, Everest. Mount Everest, Nepal eclipse,74 solar110 75111–119 184 193 See also 192, 193 EV, Exposure Value 54, 186, 193. Ecuador , , , , , , , history of film 187 , , , , stop 198 | Light Travel images that Tom shot 6on9 film16 17 1978-2004 [note: he began digital in 2003] , , , , 22 23 30 35 39 75 77 79 109 120–121 122–123 124 See 125, 134, ,135 , 136, 137, ,139 , four thirdsalso or 4/3 inch type gigabyte/gb10–11 (see17 Glossary)39 188,102 143, 145 146, 161 162 , 165 , sensor 66, 68, 70, 192. 103192 125 127 128–131 168–169, , 172 , 174–175, , 187 , Micro Four Thirds glacier132 133, 136, 22,137 , 65,139 , 191, , , , , , System interchangeable , , 167126, , , , , , , lenses , 65 , 152 , , , 147, framing images in the viewfinder 152, 153, , 174 22 plastic film cover to protect LCD 26, 30, 31, 32, 36, 38, 40, Glacier147 Lily174–175 , 71 Glacier National Park, Montana , 42, 43, 46, 50, 51, 52, 56,See rangefinder and twin-lens reflex/ , 167 58,also 64, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, TLR cameras defined 186 185, 188, 191, 192, 193. Glacier Peak Wilderness Area, filter 35, 42, 45, 46, 49, 58, 62, 71, Washington See composition118 95, 184, 185, 190 glass 27, 35, 63, 166, 193 France 104–105 Glen Canyon National Recreation Finepix. Fujifilm80–81 cameras Frigatebird Area, Utah/Arizona 140 National167 Park, New fringing 184 See global warming 161 Zealand 134 f-stop, f/stop, f/number, or F fire 18, 126, Glossary 184–193 141 20 See number. stop, aperture, fireweed leaves Goanna142 92 also shutter speed, ISO, exposure Goblin161 Valley State Park, Utah , fireworks photography 158. Fujichrome Velvia 35mm color slide 72–73 76 162 night166 photography film 16, 17, 75, 186 god , 162 Fir Island, Washington Fuji Crystal Archive Matte photo goddess 172 , , 103, , fish 150, 161, 96 paper 63 170–171 102–103 Fish Tail Mountain/See Fujifilm 62, 66, 67, 68 goethite 29 64 Machhapuchhare, Nepal Fujifilm Finepix F31fd small Gokyo Ri, Nepal Fitz Roy. Mount Fitz Roy, compact 68 gold 16, , 58, , 186 Argentina Fujifilm Finepix F100fd small GPS, Global Positioning System Fitzroy, Captain of the Beagle 127 compact 62, 66, 68 recording 67 flare, lens internal reflections 71 Fujifilm Finepix F200EXR small graduated filter flash 27, 46, 49, 52, 58, 60, 65, 67, compact 62 digital 45, 55, 62, 184 68, 70, 166, 191 Fujifilm FinePix S100FS camera 67 See split neutral density 88glass92 71 flash memory 191 full frame digital sensor (36 x 24 also gram conversion to ounces 189 flash photography 27, 52 mm) 64, 69, 71, 192. Grampians, Australia , flash synchronization 27, 65 145 Canon EF format, Nikon Grand Canyon National Park, Flatten Image Layers in Adobe See FX format Arizona 140, Photoshop 45 180–181 fuzzy photos. blurred images, Grand Prismatic Spring, Wyoming FlexiZone 52 89 optical image stabilization, Flinders Chase National Park, See sharpening, shutter speed, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Australia , 92–93 See See macro Monument,148–149 Utah 140 flip out LCD. articulated See FX. Nikon FX format Grand Teton National130–131 Park,146 190 flower 105. plant images 46 49 190 FZ28. Panasonic Lumix DMC- Wyoming130–131 flower symbol for macro See FZ28 granite 88–89,85 127 , , photography , , FZ35. Panasonic Lumix DMC- granodiorite Fluorescent 58 FZ35 grass/grazing , , 161 f/number, f-number, F number, or G gray card, middle or 18% gray card f-stop for relative aperture (halfway between black and (see Glossary) 40–41, 46, 53, white) 20, 51, 54, 58 184, 187 See also G5, Canon 17, 18, 19, 21, 93, grayscale, gray, or grey 22, 34, 49, focal length, multiplier, crop factor 50, 51, 52, 54, 58, 59, 176, 193 166, 210. Canon (see Glossary) 40, 66, 74, Great Barrier Reef, Australia 93 PowerShot G9, G10, G11, 118 184, 185, 187, 188, 191, 193 Great Frigatebird (Fregata minor) focal point 188 Pro1, SD... 117 49 53 30 35 77 168–169 focus 9, 17, 26, 28, 40–41, 42, 43, Gaia 162 35 Great Ocean16 Road, Australia168–169 88 46, 47, 48, , 52, , 56, 60, Galápagos Brown Pelican 30 Greece , , , 161, 166–167 66, 69, 70, 71, 185, 187, 188, Galápagos31 33Dove35 36 41 71 74 See Greek , 76, 162,168–169 167, Galápagos114–119 Islands,184 Ecuador , 190, 192 Greek Classical Elements , , , , , 31, 114, focus lock. AE Lock and shutter Greek Orthodox 184 , release green 32, 34, 35, 49, 54, 58, 59, 61, Galápagos Marine Iguana , , focus ringSee 60 63, 112, 115, 119, 188, 190, 116 Focus Tracking 52 191 gamut 25, 63 119 foliage. plant images greenhouse38 gas39 161 49 gannet127 153 158 foreground 38, 39, 40, 41, 45, 53, green sea turtle Gassendi, Pierre 76 191 17971, 185 grid lines108–109 , , 44, geese , , 132 forest 59, 85, 88, 126, 136, 161, 167, Grindelwald Valley, Switzerland Geirangerfjord, Norway Gentoo penguins format 19, 36, 56, 62, 69, 185, 187, 21  | 199 Germany 161 190, 191, 192, 193 Gibson Steps, Australia See See guidebooksSee 93, also 104, 210 Hoodskins HSK-438–39 plastic protector internet. web, and www... guide (trip leader)12–13 94, 104, 120, for LCD 71 iPhoto. Apple iPhoto177 software 210. See grid lines horizon line Ira Spring Memorial Trail, gull, Australia horizontally 30, 36, 188 Washington gum trees. eucalyptus Hosteria Balmaceda, Chile 126 IrishSee 78, 162 H hotels 90, 105 iron oxide 172 hotshoe (mount for attachable flash IS. Canon IS, Image 119 unit) 44 Stabilization hotspots on long exposures 60, haka 80 146 Isabela Island, Ecuador Haleakala National Park, Maui, 189, 191124 Isis 162 Hawaii Hoya UV filter 71 125 i-Site, New Zealand town visitor hand 9, 16, 17, 45, 46, 60, 67, 70, 71, Huaraz, Peru centers 82116 Huascaran National Park, Peru 95, 115, 188,56–57 189, 193 See Isla Genovesa/Tower Island, Hanging Rock State Park, North Huayhuash Range, Peru.122–123 Ecuador Carolina Cordillera Huayhuash Islam 162–165 Harran 162 Huayna Picchu, Peru ISO sensitivity (see Glossary) 25, Hathor145 162 hue 58 27, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 60, Havasu Falls and Creek, Arizona hugin.sourceforge.net, photo 65–71, 184–187, 185, 189, stitching32 freeware111 45–46112 191–193 165 Havasupai Indian145 Reservation, humidity 70 Israel 162 Grand146 Canyon National Park, hummingbird80–81 , 35, , İstanbul, Turkey Arizona 150 , New Zealand Italy 105, 120 Hawaii See also J Haystack Rock, Oregon huts and refuges 82, 87, 88, 105, HD/High Definition movies, 720p or 126. trekking via 114 115 higher 65, 66, 69, 70, 71, 190 huts, tents, or backpacking James Island/Santiago, Ecuador HDR/HDRI29 (high dynamic range161 hyperfocal distance 185 , 179 imaging) 45, 62, 186 HZ35W, Samsung 24-360mm small Japan 82, 162, 167 head 17, , 35,143 40, 60, 69, compact 67, 192 Japanese maple Heart of the Rocks Loop29 Trail, I Jasper National Park, Canada 135 Arizona 21 87 102–103 128–129 jellyfish32 Heceta Head,172 Oregon 130–131 132 133 See sea nettle (Chrysaora), sea jelly height 27, 121, 188, 190 ice also, , , , 55 Hematite 134 135 , , . jet boat 82 Hemşin people, Turkey 163 21 g87lacier,128–131 snow, iceberg,133 jet window Herbert Lake, CanadaSee , water JPEG (see Glossary) 25, 50, 56, 58, Hewlett-Packard 63 iceberg , , , 134 135 62, 63, 66, 66–71, 186, 190, High Definition. DH Icefields Parkway/Alberta #93 192, 193 highlights (see Glossary) 26, 43, Provincial190 Highway , Judaism/Jewish 162 2–3 108– 45–46, 50–63, 51, 54, 56, 59, icons 29 July 4 US109 Independence Day 20 62, 66, 67, 184, 186, 188, 190, Idaho Jungfrau, Switzerland , 191, 192 IF, Internal Focus (keeps filters Highlight Tone Priority, Canon 62 stationary31 184 185 as lens focuses) Jurassic 172 highlight106–107 warning109 26,163 43, 51, 56, 59 41, 46, 67, 71, 185 K High Route, theSee Alps, Europe iguanaSee , , , , image stabilization (see Glossary). High Sierra. California optical image K Himalayan97 World103 Adventure, Nepal stabilization black process ink in CMYK color 94 Imja Khola river valley, Nepal 100 model 34 Hindu 94, , , 162 Inca 121 K3 inks by Epson 63 146 histogram (see Glossary) 25, 26, Incandescent/Tungsten 58–59 Kaçkar Mountains, Turkey 163 43, 49, 49–63, 50, 51, 54, 56, India 167 Kalalau Beach,88 Kauai, Hawaii 58, 59, 62, 186, 187, 188, 190, indigo color 34 Kali 162 89 191, 192 infinity 188 kangaroo , 92 Holiday Parks/Motor Camps/RVSee Info button 56 Kangaroo Island, Australia18 88, , 92–93 campgroundsalso in Australia infrared 34 77 & NZ 82, 88, 92. ink 34, 63 Karri trees, Australia101 campervan and car inkjet 10856, 63 Kastraki, Greece 29 Kathesimbhu, Nepal 117rental Inn River/EnSee River, Switzerland 96–97 101 Kathmandu, Nepal , 94–95, Hood Island/Española,140 143 Ecuador 146 insect. animal images , 81 hoodoos , InstantPublisher.com 4 Kauai, Hawaii 94 95 98–99 100 Kea, alpine parrot instinct 26, 28, 36, 38, 39, 161 152 102–103 200 | Light Travel interchangeable lenses 68, 70 Khumbu, Nepal , , , , International Fountain, Seattle Khumjung, Nepal 95 94 90 Kimche, Nepal 49, 53, 55, 60, 61, 65, 66, 67, macro,42–43 close focus47 photography49 65 kingfisher 68, 69, 70, 71, 74, 115, 133, (see Glossary) 17, 40, 40–46, King Penguins 132 153,See also184, 185, 186, 187, 188, , 46,35 , , , 69, 70, Kingscote Airport, Australia 93 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 209. 71, 185, 188, 190 See kit lens default sold with camera 46 interchangeable, magentaalso 32, 34, , 54, 55, 61 Kiwi 82 and Symbols at front of Index magnify 41, 56,102–103 60, 185, 193.170 171 K (Kelvin) degrees of color 2–3 lens cap 60, 71, 189, 191 perspectives, lens temperature 55, 58–59 lens diaphragm98–99 53 170 171 Makalu,147 Nepal , , Kleine Scheidegg, Switzerland17 level 38, 40, 44, 51, 55, 94, 153, 189 Mammoth4 95 Hot100 Springs, Wyoming koala 19192 See also Lhotse,89 Nepal143 176 , , 4 95 Kodachrome color slide film , 75, liability waiver 27 mani , , . film lichen , , Mani wheel108–109 , Kodak 17, 186, 187 light 3, 9, 10, 17, 34, 35, 42, 44, 46, Männlichen Peak, Switzerland Kodak EasyShare Z950 35-350mm 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 57, 58, 59, small compact 67, 192 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, Manual Focus/MF 17, 46, 60, 66, 71 Kodak Gold 200 ASA negative print 69, 70, 71,See 72, also81, 84, 109, Manual/M exposure mode 17, 20, 90film 186 142, 185, 186, 187, 189, 191, 44, 48, 51, 53, 56, 60, 187 Kookaburra (large kingfisher bird) 192, 193. color, Manual (User’s Guide for camera or exposure, midtones, lens) 46, 49, 52, 187 Kootenay National Park, Canada highlights, shadows, Manual80 White Balance/Custom WB/ 135 73 histogram, metering, optical, Preset179 WB 58 Ku-Ring-Gai Chase National Park, white,See black, etc Māori Australia lightning 20 maple 91 L Lightroom. Adobe Lightroom Maria Island92 National Park, (see Glossary) Tasmania, Australia 31 90,114 , 115 lights 58, 71, 76, 152 184 lab, Seeprint 63 lightweight42–43 659, 16,152 17, 15618, 24, 26, 64, Marine Iguana,See Galápagos also , , La Cumbre volcano, Ecuador 127 65, 66, 68, 71, 192, 210 lag. shutter lag/slow128–129 autofocus Lily , , , marsupial 92. animal177 Laguna de los Tres, Argentina75 limestone 182 141 images 122–123 Lake Argentina line 35, 38, 39, 68,49 161, 177 Mason Lake, Washington Lake Carhuacocha, Peru 130–131 Little Wild Horse Canyon, Utah masonry 121, See also Lake Louise, Canada 135137 live histogramSee Matrix/Evaluative light metering Lake Nordenskjold, Chile 81 Live ViewSee 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 186 52, 191. metering Lake O’Hara, Canada lizard 92. animal images (see also metering area109 in Lake Poteriteri, New Zealand lock. 85 AE Lock (Auto Exposure Glossary)146 Lake Powell, Utah/Arizona 140 lock) Matterhorn, Switzerland Lake Saint Clair, Tasmania, 173 logging See Maui, Hawaii Australia 88 Lonely Planet guidebooks 93 maximum print 168–169size 44, 46, 68, Lake Superior,87 Michigan Los Cuernos del Paine. Torres 189, 191 Lake Waikaremoana,38 New53 Zealand60 Del Paine National Park, Mediterranean 104 163 Chile 10–11 127 medium format 69, 187 landscape 30, , 46, 52, , , 62, Los Glaciares128–129 National Park, megapixel/mpSee (see Glossary) 40, 66, 136, 161,137 154–155, 185 Argentina , 126, , 42, 43, 44, 66, 68, 190, 192 Landscape Mode 52, 53, 60, 185 30 megazoom. superzoom compact larch 105, , ,102 lossy 190,See 193 cameras large format 69, 187 90 Loutro Harbor, Greece Melbourne, Australia 88, 92–93 Larja Bridge, Nepal low light. photography memory 16, 46, 62, 70, 76, 88, 188, Laughing104 Kookaburra105 108–109 Lucas, George 112–11348 125 190, 191, 192 Lauterbrunnen Valley, Switzerland See luminosity 54 178 memory card (see Glossary) 62, 70, , 118, 184 188, 190, 191, 192 lupine flower See, lava. volcano Luray Caverns, Virginia menu lava lizard , LVF, Live View Finder. EVF, in camera 52,See 62, also 68 Layer 45, 60, 63, 189, 191 Electronic Viewfinder, or LVF in software on computer 25 Laz people, Turkey 163 (see Glossary) merge 44, 45. 24–25 Photomerge, LCD/Liquid Crystal Display (see LZW, compression option for TIFF panorama, 77and HDR Glossary) 17, 26, 28, 35, 44, 193 Mesa Arch, Utah See47, 59, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, M Meteora, Greece 186, 190, 191, 193 meter 4, 10, 11, 14, 18, 22, 43, 46, 96 leaf. plant images 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 60, 68, 72, legal/law and permission issues 73, 75, 82, 84, 86, 87, 93, 95, Machhapuchhare,122–123 Nepal with photography 27 126 Machu Picchu, Peru 120–121, 97, 98, 100, 102, 103, 105, Leica 187 See 109, 111, 112, 121, 122, 125,  Lenga/Nothofagus Macintosh. Apple Macintosh | 201 lens 16, 17, 20, 21, 25, 28, 30, 35, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, See 86 127, 130, 131, 136, 139, 147, Mount Egmont/Taranaki,95 New102– New South Wales.47 59 80–87 Australia 150, 152, 153, 161, 167, 170, Zealand103 170–171 Newton, Isaac 34 171, 184, 190, 191, 192 Mount Everest, Nepal 4, , New Zealand , , , 161 conversion to inches 189 , 90 NEX-5/NEX-3,83 Sony 67 metering, light (see Glossary) Mount Field National Park, 10 Ngauruhoe (Mount), New Zealand102–103 50–63, 52, 54, 191 Australia127 9 20 60 61 76 79 115 metric to English/Imperial/ Mount Fitz Roy, ArgentinaSee , 126, Ngozumpa152–153 Glacier,189 Nepal USA22 measurement system 83 night , , 27, , 9 20, , 60–61, , Seeconversions 189 Mount McKinley. Denali, Alaska 76 79 115, 152–153, 191 189 Mexico 19 Mount Ngauruhoe,9 161 New Zealand , , 27, , MF. Manual Focus Mount Nimrod/Nemrut Dağı, , , , , , Michigan , 173 Turkey , 17 53 54–55 191 Micro Mount 153Rainier157 National Park, Night Scene auto exposure mode interchangeableSee lenses 66, Washington , , , 27, 60, 152 67,2–3 68, 619214–15 37 53 , 137 Nikkor (Nikon’s) 18-200mm VR II Microsoft.54–55 56–57 Windows 127– Mount Robson Provincial125 Park, f/3.5-5.6G DX AF-S IF ED lens 20, 41, 46, 66, 67, 70, 71, 153, midday128 164–165, , 193, , See, Canada 135, 160 Mount Taulliraju, Peru 185, 187, 193 also , , 58, , , . Mount Townsend, Washington Nikkor (Nikon’s) 70-300mm VR f/4.5-5.6G AF-S IF ED zoom daylight, contrast, HDR movies/videoSee capture 17, 62, 65, lens 71, 74, 115 Middle Ages 167 66, 69, 70, 71 Nikon Active D-Lighting 62 Middle East 162 mp. megapixel/mp (see Nikon compact cameras 68 midtones (see Glossary) 48, 48–63, Glossary) Nikon D3/D3X DSLR 69, 71 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 62, 188, MPEG-4, well-compressed video Nikon D40/D40X DSLR 4, 20, 52, 190, 191 format requiring high-end 60, 153 minimum focus distance 46, 47, 49, hardware & editor 70 Nikon D60 DSLR 30, 41, 52, 53, 56, 190 M-Rock 70 62, 69, 71, 74, 115, 185, 186, Minoan 169 Muir, John 163 See 188 mirror 65, 67, 68, 71, 185, 186, 192 MultiCoated, Hoya filter 71 Nikon D80 DSLR 188 mm, millimeters (see Glossary) 47, multiplier for focal length. focal Nikon D90 DSLR 67, 71 66, 69, 71, 185, 186, 187, 188, length in Glossary Nikon D300 DSLR 67, 69, 71, 191 191, 192, 193 multi-point AI Focus 52 See Nikon D700 DSLR 69, 71 conversion to inches 189 multiselector button 52, 5685 Nikon D5000 DSLR 45, 52, 66–71, mode dial 27, 49, 52 Muslim. Islam See 186, 188, 190, 191 model release 27 Mutton Cove, New Zealand Nikon DX format, lens mount for moisture. rain, condensation, mutualism 166 APS-C sensor cameras 41, water, weather N 46, 66, 67, 69, 71, 185, 192 moksha/liberation 97 101 Nikon FX format, lens mount for full monitor 62, 63, 186, 190, 191 146 frame sensor (36 x 24 mm) Monkey Temple, Nepal Namche Bazaar, Nepal 102 cameras 69, 71, 192 monophonic or mono sound Na Pali Coast, Kauai, Hawaii Nikon imaging software 63 recording 66, 71 National Geographic Magazine 82, Nikon N70 SLR 16, 17, 75 monotheism 162 161, 210 150 Nikon VR/Vibration Reduction 20, monotone (single tone) or , US Fish & 41, 46, 66, 67, 71, 74, 115, monochrome histogram 54, Wildlife Service 22 147 174–175 See also 153, 185, 187, 188 188 Native American 140, 144, 145, 150, See also Noise Reduction feature 60, 62, Montana , , 162. Navajo 184, 191. noise (see Mont Blanc, France 105 natural selection 39 Glossary) Monument Valley60 Navajo Tribal nature and natural 22, 28, 39, 59, noise (see Glossary) 46, 48, 54, 60, Park, Arizona 140 72, 74, 76, 82, 92, 126, 135, 65, 65–67, 66, 67, 69, 184, moonlight 162, 162–171, 163, 167, 172, 186, 189, 191, 192 Moon Travel Guides 210 182, 210 141 172 non-destructive editor130–131 184, 190 MOS (metal-oxide165 semiconductor) Navaho 140, 164 non-spectral colors56–57 34 113sensor 66 Navajo sandstone , Nordenskjold, Lake mosque 162, necklace 111 133 North Carolina moth 87 NEF, Nikon RAW file format 192 154–155 See also 9 161 North Cascades mountain range Mount Aspiring National Park, New Neko Harbor,4 29 60 Antarctica72–73 94–103 See . Cascades209 Zealand 44–45 Nemrut163 Dağı,170–171 Turkey See, also Mount Assiniboine Provincial42–43 Park, Nepal , , , , , North Island.23 187 New191 Zealand North Umpqua River, Oregon Canada , 135 , . front Norway , 161, , Mount 84Baker, Washington cover photo 126 Nothofagus/Lenga/Southern Beech Mount Cook/Aoraki, New Zealand neutral color 51 neutral density graduated filter 71 83 novelty 75 202 | Light Travel neutral reference tone 51, 58 Nugget Point, New Zealand Nevada 140 NX10, Samsung 65, 67 141 143 144 146 147 150 O P 158 163 164–165 166 167 30 31 36 37 83 85 See 168–169, , 172–183, , 174, , 91 114–115 119 132 133 142 See, also, , , , ocean 146, 150, 151, , 152–15375, , , 88, P. Program/P mode auto 37 117, , 184, 189 , , , , exposure pea . 132 lupine flower , , 189, , 161, Pachacuti, Inca emperorSee 121 pelican , , 911817 18 21 , 37 39 Pacific Northwest (of North penguin22–23 115, 27 79 80 Oceanside, Oregon168–169 America). Oregon, people91 pictures94–99 102, , 110, 114, Odd Rule 36,See , Washington,83 Idaho,114–119 Montana,150 120–121, ,150 40, 52, 70, ,210 , Oia, Greece Alaska,151 British Columbia See, also , , , , OIS/O.I.S.. Panasonic OIS, Pacific Ocean 82,164 , , , , , 185, 192, . Optical Image154–155 Stabilizer , 153 candid photography Okanagon National Forest, Page, Arizona point-and-shoot 184 Washington 152–153 paint 3491 perception, sight, seeing 26, 28, 34, olive 161 Painted Cliffs, Tasmania, Australia 35, 38, 40, 44, See45, 46, also 51, 53, Olympic Mountains 160 58, 59, 62, 68, 69, 75, 76, 172, Olympic National Forest, Palestine, Middle147 East 162 185, 186, 190. eye, Washington Palette Spring, Yellowstone NP, 85 vision, perspectives, dynamic Olympus 17, 47, 62, 67, 75 Wyoming range, Chapters 1-2, 5, 6 Olympus E-420 DSLR 62 Palmerston North, New Zealand periodic table of the chemical Olympus E-620 and E-520 DSLR 67 Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ8 68 128–129elements 167 Olympus OM-1N SLR 17, 75 Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ28, 27- Perito Moreno Glacier, Argentina E-PL1 65, 67 486mm superzoom 192 Olympus Stylus 850 SW 62 Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ35, 27- permission to take or use photos 4, Om Mani Padme100 Hum (“Hail to the 486mm superzoom 192 27, 28 jewelSee in the lotus” Buddhist Panasonic Lumix DMC-G2 65, 66, Persian40–41 161 41 prayer)See 68, 69, 192 perspectives 17, 26, 28, 40, 40–47, online. web and www Panasonic Lumix DMC-G10 66, 68, 39 75 ,79 ,120–127 42, 60, 69, 73, 76 opening. aperture 192 Perth, Australia 93 103 Panasonic Lumix DMC-GH1 65–71, optical imageSee stabilization also 9, 60, Peru , , , 66, 192 66–67, 67, 70, 71, 185, 188, Pharilapche Peak,See alsoNepal 192. blurred images, Panasonic Lumix DMC-ZS7 phase-detect autofocus 60, 68 sharpening, Canon IS, Nikon small compact 25-300mm photography. pattern VR, Tamron VC, Panasonic superzoom 68, 192 photography, film, DSLR OIS, Sigma OS Panasonic Lumix LX3 small compact action/ 27, 48, 67 optical viewfinderSee 67, 68, 71, 185, 52, 68, 70, 192 186, 187 Panasonic OIS, Optical Image 87 camera and computer skills Stabilizer 66, 67, 188 optical zoom. zoom lens (see 4 24–47, 48–63 Panekiri Bluff, New Zealand Glossary) 2 3 10 11 24 25 camera reviews and Pangboche44–45 Gompa,60 72 Nepal73 80 81 87 orange 32,29 33,32 34,150–151 35, 36, 17738, 42,189 58, recommendations for on-the- panorama93 102 , ,103 , 104–105, , , 105 88, 90, 176 goSee gear also 64–71 106 107, 108, , 109, 112–113, , , Oregon32 , , , , composition tips 26–47, 48–63. , , , , , Oregon Coast Aquarium, Newport 114 115 122–123 128–129 framing images in See , , , , , See 130–131 134–135 138 the viewfinder 147, 148–149, 151 , 152 153 , OS. Sigma OS, 110Optical exposure tips. Chapter 2, 154–155, 158 159, 164, Stabilization exposure, Glossary 180–181, , 193, , , Otavalo,Ecuador focus and sharpening tips 26, 28, , , , , Otorohanga Kiwi House, New 30–31, 36, 40–41, 42–47, 44, , 184, Zealand 82 46–47, 47, 48–63, 62–63, 66, See How to stitch panoramas 44–45 See also ounce to grams conversion 189 67, 68, 69, 70, 185, 187, 188, also pan or (sharply following outdoors 7, 9, 16, 27, 30, 74. a moving subject with your 190, 192. blurred trekking, sunlight, light, camera with motion blur in images midday, dawn, dusk, sunrise, Glossary of photographic and the background)See also 28, 68 sunset, each country/state paper 34, 48, 49, 50, 51, 56, 58, 63, computer terminology 184–193 output devices 63 186, 191. print 9 20 night, dusk, dawn, and low light Output Sharpening 62 See parallel 46, 156 115 152–153 photography , , 27, 60, overexposure 17, 20, 26, 27, 50, 51, Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs also 6 69, , , 189, 191 54, 57, 58, 59, 62, 65, 186. Wilderness Area, Utah/ See also 10 portraiture and people 27, 185. exposure, highlights, 126–131Arizona , 140 people pictures, Recover, RAW 89 93 Patagonia, South96 America , portraits Overland Track, Tasmania, 6 12–14 20 See travel and . Australia 88, , Patan, 22Nepal30 33 37 pattern73 photography87 88 89 91 , 92 93, , Part II (Chapters 4-6) , , 32, , 34, 36, , and images throughout book 203 |  134 126 124 121–120 94 , , , , , , , , , , , , See R See photojournalist 27 PowerShot.also Canon PowerShot Photomerge command in Adobe PPI/pixels per inch 191. 137 Photoshop 25, 44, 44–45, DPI, resolution, radius 187 184 sharpening,72–73 maximum96 101 print rain 35, See70, , 153 PhotoSeek Publishing address & 102–103size 170–171 rainbow 34, 35 email 4 prayer flags 4 95 , , , Rainier. Mount Rainier National PhotoSeek website by Tom Dempsey , 147 Park, Washington 4, 19, 65, 68, 71, 74, 104, 210 prayer wheel , RAM/Random85 Access Memory (see Phrygian 162 173 Pray Lake, Montana Glossary) 188, 192 Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Preset Manual WB, white balance19 ranch , 161 Lake Superior, Michigan 58 range 40, 45, 46, 51, 55, 56, 58, 62, pinhole 53 114–115 Presque Isle River, Michigan 63, 65, 66, 67, 70, 78, 79, 94, pink 34, 35 press 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 56, 60, 70, 186, 188, 192, 193 Pinnacle Rock, Ecuador 185, 192, 193 rangefinder 186 pixel (see Glossary) 43, 47,See printing press 34, 63 ratio 186, 188, 190 See also 51,also 54, 60, 63, 186, 188, previsualize 40 RAW converter 25–26, 62–63, 184, 190, 191, 192, 193. primary color 34, 54, 58, 63, 188, 190, 192, 193. Adobe megapixel/mpSee also (see 190 Lightroom (see Glossary) Glossary) (fixed focal length) 185, RAW (see Glossary) 19, 25, 50, 56, plant images.106–107 147 177fall foliage,180– 188, 193 60, 62–63, 66, 67, 71, 184, 181forest, grass print 25, 26, 34, 40, 44, 46,See 56, 190, 191, 192, 193 algae , , 93, 62,also 63, 64, 68, 69, 70, 186, Rayleigh scattering 58 189, 190, 191, 193. RBY/Red+Blue+Yellow artistic color model 32, 33, 34 eucalyptus/gum73 trees enlargementSee also eucalyptus: Squiggly Bark Gum 93 print sharpness 40, 44, 46, 62, 63, realigning subjects 38, 39, 40, 41, bark 69, 193. sharpening, 44–45, 49 eucalyptus: Tingle134 Tree, Giant maximum print size, blurred Realis SX50 MultimediaSee Projector False Chanterelle Mushroom 47 images 186 fireweed35 leaves prism 34 Rear Curtain. Slow Synchro flower images: 53 privacy 27 flash aster152 private property 27 Recovery slider in Adobe Lightroom Avalanche Lily (Erythronium) , 127 program 54, 55, 62, 63, 184, 190, 57, 62 152 red 25, 32, 34, 35, 36, 39, 42, 51, 54, copihue (Lapageria112–113 rosea)125 192 55, 58, 59, 62, 63, 71, 82, 93, Glacier Lily 160 Program/P mode auto exposure 48, 83 lupine flowers146 , 49, 71 116, 118, 184, 188, 190, 191 rhododendron 42–43 projector, digital 63, 186 Red Crater, New Zealand116 silversword156 Proof Setup 63 Red Eye 622–3 12–13 20 30 Tiger Lily or Columbia142 lily , Red-footed Booby proportion 40, 44, 52 See 36 44–45 75 89 public property 27 reflection106–107 , 135–136, , 139, 141 vetch (pea family) also 101 14634, 35,147 148–149, , 150–151, , Yellow Balsam (Impatiens scabrida) publish 3, 4, 27, 63, 68, 69, 193. 127 177 179, , , , Adobe InDesign75 89 143 , , , , Puerto152–153 Natales, Chile 126 grass and Mount Fitz 176Roy , , 185 Puget Sound, Washington , 23 See lichen images: , 85 reformat 191 lichen and fallen leaf 176 179 125 refuge. huts logged ecosystem173 Pulpit (Prekestolen), Norway relative aperture 184 maple leaf fall color , Punta Union Pass, Peru release priority (capture without skunk cabbage pupil 40, 46, 53, 184, 185, 186, 187 162–171 See 12–13 See also guaranteeing focus) 52 trees reflect in Tidal River purple 32, 34, 35, 71, 172, 184 also religion/worship . . back cover purple fringing 184 Q worship, church, 177photo trees reflect on underwater logs cathedral, prayer flags, 89 temple, mosque plastic 70, 71, 187 quality 9, 17, 26, 32, 46, 56, 62, 63, Remarkable Rocks, Australia , 92 playback mode 46, 56, 193 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 84, remote control cord or wireless pocket 26, 37, 64, 65, 70, 71, 184 184, 187, 188, 189,140 190, 191, transmitter31 See 20,also 60, 71 poetry 26, 78, 163, 210 192, 193 112–113 Renaissance 167 point-and-shoot 48, 68, 184, 186 Queen’s Garden, Utah 193 reptile , 92. animal polarizing filter 35, 71 19 Quilotoa, Ecuador images Porcupine Mountains172 Wilderness Quito, Ecuador 32, 111, 112, resealable zip lock bag 70 State Park, Michigan resize 62 See also portrait 27, 40, , 185 resolution 63, 64, 69, 70, 185, 186, posterization/banding/loss of color 187, 190. maximum depth 63 print size,160 DPI, sharpening 204 | Light Travel RGB 32, 34, 35 rhododendron 27 118 32 rich blackSee 34 sea lion ,83 115,150 151 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, roaring forties 84 sea nettle 178 192, 193 Robson.22 31 M33ount38 Robson56 57 58 77 sea stacks , , 152– Siberia Hut, New Zealand 87 92Provincial100 115 Park,131 Canada140–147 Seattle153 Aquarium, Washington sidecar file 184 rock 150, 172, , 174, , , , , Seattle Center, Washington20 75 152– Sierra Magazine 210 , , , , , 153 178 Sigma 16, 67, 188 , , 80 Seattle, Washington119 , , Sigma OS, Optical Stabilization 67, romance of difference 75, 82 , , 210 188 Rotorua, New Zealand sea turtle silk 70 Rough Guides 210 secondary colors 34 silver halide146 salts in film 187 ROYGBIV, Newton’s38–39 7 spectral Secure DigitalSee (SD, SDHC) memory silversword plant, Maui, Hawaii colors 34 90 card 191 Rule of Thirds 36, See seeing/sight. perception, eye, single point and center autofocus Russell Falls, Australia perspectives, color, dynamic (AF) 52 147 RV, recreational vehicle. see range, light Single-Servo autofocus 52 campervan self timer to delay start of exposure Sinopah158 Mountain, Montana S 21, 60, 172 Skagit River Valley, Washington Seno de Ultima Esperanza/Sound of 173 See See Last Hope, Chile 126 skin 161 54–55 skunk cabbage S. Shutter-preferred or shutter- sensitivity. ISO sensitivity (see 60 142 sky 35, 38, 152–15339, 45, 48, 158, 58,170 priority/S/Tv auto97 exposure Glossary) 59, , 62, 63, 71, 74, , mode sensor for digital cameras (see 189 152, 142, 153, , , Sadhu/Hindu4 94–95 holy98–100 man 102–103 Glossary) 30, 42, 46, 60, 66, Sagarmatha163 170–171 National Park, Nepal 66–71, 67, 68, 69, 70, 185, Skyline Arch, Utah , , , , 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, slide film 9, 16, 17, 75, 186 158–159, 192,27 193 See Slik “Sprint Pro II GM” tripod 71 Sahale Arm trail,120–121 Washington Serrano Glacier, Chile 126 136 slow autofocus. shutter lag 71 Seward slow lens defined by f/number 187 Salinas, 120–121Peru Sextet Ridge Glacier, Canada Sally Lightfoot or red lava crab Shade white balance 58–59 Slow Synchro and Rear Curtain salt 70, , 187 Shadow Adjustment Technology flash (with shutter speed Samsung HZ35W 24-360mm small (SAT), Olympus 62 slower than about 1/60th compact 67, 192 shadows (see Glossary) 27, 35, second) 27 Samsung NX10 camera 65, 67, 68 45–46, 46, 51, 51–63, 54, 55, SLR/Single Lens Reflex camera (see DSLR in Glossary) 16, 17, 75, Samsung TL500/EX137 91 compact92 140 67,141 56, 57, 62, 65, 153, 184, 186, 185, 186 14268, 69144 172 188, 189,71 190, 191, 192 148–149 sandstone , 90, , , , , shake, hand-held camera 46, 60, Smart Sharpen54–55 63148–149 151 Snake River, Wyoming , 22, 67, 70, , 185, 188, 189, 192, 154 157 San Ignacio Lagoon, Baja California, 193 snow 52, 158, , , , Mexico97 Shake Reduction, Pentax 188 139 Snow Geese San Juan Islands, Washington141 153 sharpening 9, 26, 28, 30, 40, 44, See46, Snowpatch Spire, Canada sannyasi 53,also 56, 60, 62, 63, 66, 68, 69, San Rafael Reef, Utah 70, 76, 115, 184, 185, 187. Socratic 167 soil 161 Sanskrit114–115 72, 103 85 blurred images, print solar eclipse 75 Santiago/James Island, Ecuador168–169 sharpness 178 sheep Sony 62, 188 Santorini Island, Greece Shenandoah Valley, Virginia Sony Alpha DSLR 62 Sony Cyber-Shot 62 saturation,190 color 25, 45, 57, 59 Sherpa, AngSee Dendi 94 Sawtooth Wilderness Area, Idaho Shinto 162 Sony NEX-5/NEX-3 67 Sony Super SteadyShot CCD-shift Shuksan. Mount Shuksan, in-body stabilization 188 scanning/digitizing film 9, 17, 188 Washington 75 152–153 sound 65, 66, 69, 70, 71, 76 Scene modes 48 shutter lag/slow autofocus 66, 68, Sound , 126, Landscape 53 70, 192 110–131 See Sound of Last Hope, Chile 126 Night Scene 9, 20, 27, 60, 152–153, Shutter-preferred or shutter- also 189, 191 priority/S/Tv auto exposure South America . Sports/Action148–149 48, 192 mode 20, 27, 28, 46, 48, 49, Ecuador,See Peru, Chile, Schwabacher Landing, Wyoming 60, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, Argentina 192, 193 Southern Alps. New Zealand screen protector for108 camera display shutter release button (see (South SeeIsland) 71 Glossary) 48–63, 60, 70, 71, South Georgia Island 132 152– Scuol, Switzerland 185, 192 .153 New Zealand SD, SDHC30 32 (High114 Capacity),115 118 Secure119 shutter speed (see Glossary) 20, 21, Space Needle, Washington 132–133Digital memory150 151 cards166 191178 25, 27, 37, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, sea , , 166, 178, , , 48, 49, 52, 53, 55, 60, 61, 67, Spaniards 121  | 205 , , , , 70, 71, 74, 115, 133, 153, 166, sea anemone , 96 100 102–103 170– 171 spectral color 34 Super Macro 47 Tibetan , 38, 39 49 , spectrum 35 See also superzoom, megazoom, or 12–13 Sports/Action scene mode 27, 48, ultrazoom compact cameras tic-tac-toeSee alsogrid , , 52, 68, 192. peopleSee 67, 68, 192, 193 101 Tidal River, Australia , 92. sustainable living 9, 161 picturesalso 151 177 back cover photo Spot light metering 52, 62, 191. Swayambhunath,2–3 Nepal104–109 tidal wave 169 126 metering in Glossary Swiss Saver163 Pass 104 tide , and Index SwitzerlandSee , , 161, Tierra del Fuego 126, 132 spotlights 34, 71, 140 166 Tierra del Fuego National Park, Spot Removal, Adobe Lightroom SX20. Canon Powershot91 SX20166 IS Argentina 62, 70 Sydney Aquarium, Australia Tiffen P ND 0.6 Gradual Soft Edge Spyder3Express/Spyder3Elite/ Sydney, Australia 88, 90, , rectangular filter 71 Spyder2Express/Spyder2Pro,73 symbiotic 166 TIF/TIFF/Tagged Image File Format spyder.datacolor.com 58, 63 SyriaT 162 (see Glossary) 25, 190,42–43 192, Squiggly Bark179 Gum 156193 sRGB 25, 63, 190, 193 Tiger Lily (or Columbia lily) , stalactites104–105 119 Staubbach Falls, Switzerland Tagus Cove, Isabela Island, Ecuador -shift lens 46 158–159 Time/BulbSee manual exposure length Stehekin Valley, Washington27 Talkeetna80 Airport, Alaska 78 20, 60 Tamaki Māori Village, New Zealand timer. self93 timer to delay start Steller Sea Lion of exposure 125 stereo sound recording 65, 66, 69, Tamrac 70 Tingle Tree See 70 Tamron 67, 188 Tingopampaalso Valley, Peru Stewart Island/Rakiura, New See Tamron AF 18-270mm VC lens 67 Tint 25, 34, 55, 58, 61, 62. Tamron VC, Vibration Compensation Zealandalso 82 12–13 color balance or white stitching panoramas 44–45. 67, 188 balance panorama tannin , 21086 TL500, Samsung EX1150–151 69 Taranaki/Mount Egmont, New stock photo 27 Tolovana BeachSee State Recreation stop (see Glossary) 25, 35, 43, 46, 85Zealand Site, Oregon Tararua Wind Farm, New28 Zealand89–93 54,See 65, also 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 185, Tom Dempsey. Dempsey, Tom 186,137 187, 188, 189, 192, 193. tone 25, 30, 32, 34, 45–47, 48–63, Tasmania, Australia , 88, EV, Exposure Value 76 52, 56, 58, 62, 63, 68, 184, teahouse 94–95 storm 188, 190, 191, 192 Teklanika Campground, Alaska strangers101 78 Tone Curve 25, 8362 telephoto 40, 40–47, 41, 42, 46, 48, strikes 120 Tongariro National Park, New 65, 67, 69, 184, 185, 187, 188, stupa Zealand 192, 193 subcompact cameras (small, thin Top pick cameras 127 65–71130–131 telescope 40 compacts 8 ounces or less) Torres Del Paine National41 Park, television 190 26, 37, 65, 66, 70, 184, 192 See also Chile 126, , temperature 25, 58, 62, 70, 93, subtractive color 34 tortoise sculpture116 118 150, 153. color sugar-glider 92165 Tower Island/IslaSee Genovesa, Sultanahmet Mosque, İstanbul, temperature,4 101 Kelvin, cold, Ecuador , Turkey warm Townsend. Mount Townsend, temple , , 162 Sumerian 162 Washington 158–159 summer 87, 88, 90, 105, 133 terrorist 161 87 trade 46, 153 Te Urewera National Park, New See also sunglasses (polarized versus trail 87, 98–99126, 127, 143, , Zealand nonpolarized for 103 177. trekking textiles 111 photography) 35 train 4, , 104, 121, 182 See Third Gokyo Lake, Nepal sunlight 27, 56–57, 58–59, 62, tramping 82, 85 also third or thirds 140, 152–153, 189. Transform>Warp (in Adobe focus one-third between subjects midday, sunrise, sunset, Photoshop Edit menu) 45 for DOF 60 color, light travel 9, 16, 18, 19, 41, 64, 65, 66, Micro Four Thirds Sunny/Daylight white balance 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 9 24–25 44–45 61 Interchangeable Lens System See 58–59 76, 82, 88, 95, 104, 120, 161, 103 109 130–131 147 192 73 93 See also sunrise , , , 58, , 162, 167, 185, 210. Part II 148–149 157 163 one-third stop aperture/shutter , , , , tree , , 161. plant speed increments44–45 43, 187 157 , , images overlap shots by one-third38–39 for See also Sunrise Visitor Center, Washington 29 72–73 84 panorama trekking via huts, tents, or 96 119 140 142 146 150 Rule of Thirds 36, backpacking. each sunset152–153 , 58, 59,161 , 75,189 190, to the third power189 188, 192 state/country in Index , , , , , , Three 161Arch Rocks, Oceanside, Alps:104–109 High Route, Berner , , 163, , Oberland, Valais, Engadine 206 | Light Travel Oregon tiara 91 145 V Arizona: Havasupai: Havasu Australia:28 Sydney89 Opera90 91 House92 93 Canyon Australia: Tasmanian Wilderness 106–107 Australia: Tasmania: Overland 89 44–45, 88–90,134–139 , , , , Valais (Wallis/Valley)109 Canton of Track 88 93 Canadian Rocky Mountain193 Parks Switzerland104–105 108 109 Cradle Mountain and Dove Lake , Matterhorn120 121 125 138 eucalyptus/gum trees 137 Ecuador:31 33 City35 of 36Quito41 71 74 valley 141 158–159, ,163 , Canada: Lake O’Hara, Mount See Ecuador:114–119 Galápagos184 Islands also, , , , 140, Robson/Berg Lake72–73 94 , , , 77, , , , , , . Nepal: Annapurna Sanctuary, 96 101 103 , canyon Everest/Khumbu , , Greece: Meteora Valley of Fire State Park, Nevada , , Mexico:22 Whale Sanctuary of El 138140 New Zealand: Fiordland, Aspiring,80–87 Vizcaino: San Ignacio Lagoon 29 ValleySee of the Ten Peaks, Canada Abel Tasman, Egmont/ 96–97 101 Taranaki, Tongariro23 191 Nepal: Kathmandu Valley , van. campervan Norway: extensive trails with See 494–95,95 98–100, 102–103 vari-angle LCD 67, 69 126–131comfy huts , Nepal: Sagarmatha National Park 163 170–171 VC. Tamron VC, Vibration Patagonia: Chile/Argentina , 94, , , , See Compensation , vehicle. campervan and car Peru:75 Cordillera120–125 Blanca, Cordillera New Zealand: South84 West/Te rental Huayhuash, Machu Picchu Wahipounamu: Aoraki/ See vehicle relocation discount 84 , Mount Cook Velvia. Fujichrome Velvia Triabunna, Tasmania 90 New Zealand: South80–81 West/Te tripod 9, 16, 19, 20, 21, 27, 44, Wahipounamu: Fiordland vertically 30,142 36, 38, 44, 54, 109, 45, 60,116 61, 67, 70, 71, 153, National Park 123, 130, 188, 192 vetch flower 172–174, 188, 189, 191, 209 New Zealand: South West/87 tropical 70, Te Wahipounamu: Mount Vibrance slider in Adobe Lightroom 57, 62 troubleshooting 27, 48–63, 52, 58, Aspiring/Tititea82–83 See Vibration Compensation. 60, 185, 191 New Zealand: Tongariro National191 See Truecolor 190 80–81 Park Tamron VC12–13 21 88 Tuatapere Hump Ridge Track, New Norway: Geirangerfjord122–123 Vibration90 Reduction.92 See also Nikon VR Zealand Peru: Historic Sanctuary of Machu Victoria, Australia , , , tulum bagpipe 163 9 16 79 161 125Picchu 120–121, See, . back cover Tungsten162 58–59 165 See Peru: Huascarán National Park photo Turkey,also Republic of , , , , 2–3 104–107 video. movies capture , 162–163, . Switzerland:108–109 Swiss Alps Jungfrau- viewfinder 35, 44, 49, 66, 68, 69, A119natolia Aletsch , , 71, 185, 186, 187 TurquoiseSee Coast, Turkey 163 165 Vignette lens correction slider in turtle 115, Turkey: Historic Areas of İstanbul 35Adobe Lightroom 55, 184 Tv. Shutter-preferred or 9 161 Vikos-Aoos National Park, Greece shutter-priority/S/Tv auto Turkey: Nemrut Dağı National 179 182–183 exposure mode Park , 145 Violet 34, 35 TV, television 190 21 USA: Arizona: Grand Canyon Virginia See, also Twelve Apostles Marine National National146 Park visible spectrum 35 Park, AustraliaSee USA: California: Yosemite National vision 68.17 42–43 53–55eye, color,82–83 twin-lens reflex/TLR 186 Park 86perspectives112–113 114–115 143 type of sensor. sensor for USA/Canada: Waterton-Glacier22 147 174–175 volcano147 , , 161 168–169, , International Peace Park: digital cameras (see See , , , , Glossary) Glacier NP , 147 , 180–181 , 151, 153, , U USA: Wyoming: Yellowstone VR. Nikon VR National Park , W unreleased images (model release) UltraChrome inks by Epson 63 27 127 See Unsharp Mask 63 82 ultraviolet 34, 35 120–123 Wai-O-Tapu Thermal Wonderland, Upland goose ultrazoom. superzoom compact New Zealand Urubamba Valley, Peru cameras 209 140–161 See also wallabies 92 USA/United States of America 37 93 Ulva Island, New Zealand 82 Walpole-Nornalup National Park, . Alaska, Umpqua River, Oregon See Australia , underexposure 17, 27, 50, 54, Arizona, SeeCalifornia, also Hawaii, warm 32, 36, 58, 70, 105, 153, 163 also Idaho, Michigan, Montana, 58, 59, 62, 186, 189. Warp (in Adobe17 Photoshop42–43 CS3/CS453 Nevada; North exposure, shadows, Fill 54–55Edit>Transform65 75 152–160 menu) 45167 Carolina, Oregon, Utah, Light slider, RAW Washington173 177 , 178–179, 47, , Virginia, Washington, underwater camera 71 , , , , , 24–25Wyoming38 61 140–142 167 UNESCO, World10–11 Heritage127 List , , Ushuaia, Argentina 132 Argentina:128–129 Los Glaciares National  | 207 Utah , , , , Park , 126, , 2–3 12–13 19 20 21 22–23 27 29 30 32 36–37 Z water 44–45, 59 , , 75, 80–81, workflow 54, 62, 63, 184, 192 82–83, 85, 86, 87, 89, 90–91, workshopsSee 210 103 105, 106–107, 70, 71, 108, , World Heritage Site/List/Area. Z950, Kodak EasyShare35 35-350mm 112–113, 114–115, , , 119, , NESCOU small compact 67, 192 120–121, , 125 130–131, , World’s Fair 152 127 Zagoria, Greece 132–133, 135–136, 138, worship130–131 72–73, 162–171 Zeikos.com Universal Lens109 Cap 139 141 , 145 , 146–147 , W Route Trek, Chile 126, , 161Keeper 71 148–149, 150–153, 173 , Zermatt, Switzerland 177–178, , 178, 179 180–181, www.2filter.com, The Filter Zeus 189 190, 191 209, See , Connection 71 Zion National21 Park,133 Utah 140 also , , , , www.adobe.com 184 zip lock resealable bag 70 , , , . www.dofmaster.com, depth of field Zodiac boat , back cover photo tool 185 Zoombrowser, Canon 45, 63, 184 watermarks for Copyright images www.dpreview.com, compact and zoom lens (see Glossary) 16, 26, 28, 62, 184 DSLR camera/lens reviews 30, 40, 42, 46, 48, 49, 56, 60, waterproof 70, 71 68, 185, 186 65, 66, 67, 70, 71, 184, 185, waterproof camera22 housing147 174–175 71 www.faststone.org, freeware image 187, 188, 193 Waterton-Glacier6 146 172 International & RAW editor 63, 193 ZS7, Panasonic Lumix DMC Peace Park , , www.Frommers.com, online travel small compact 25-300mm wave , , 6 172 guide 93 superzoom 192 wavelength 34, 35 www.InstantPublisher.com, book Wave/The Wave, Arizona , See self publishing 4 www.M-Rock.com bags for cameras WB Temp/Tintalso slider in Adobe Lightroom 25, 58, 61, 62. and lenses 70 white balance or color www.NikonUSA.com, official Nikon site 67 balance132 137 weather and climate 70, 93, 95, www.photoseek.com, by Tom 105, , , 150, 153 Dempsey 3, 4, 19, 65, 68, 71, web/internet World Wide Web 4, 74, 104, 210 www.photozone.de, DSLR camera 19, 27, 46,See 62, also63, 65, 68, 71, 74, 93, 104, 184, 185, 186, and lens reviews 185 www.popphoto.com, Popular 190, 193. 47 www... Photography Magazine 185 Wenatchee National37 Forest,93 www.usa.canon.com,147–149 180–181 official Canon Washington22 site 63, 67 Western Australia , Wyoming , whale X white 29, 33, 34, 38, 48–63, 111, 152, 161, 184 59 See white balance (see Glossary) 25, 51–52, 55, 58–59, , 61, 62, x. zoom (as in 10x optical zoom) 192, 193 X-rayY 16 white clipping 184111 White-Necked Jacobin (Florisuga 98–99 mellivora) white point 50–63, 54–57, 188, 190 yak wide angle 40, 40–47, 41, 46, 49, Yeats, William Butler 78 184, 187, 193 yellow 22, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 49, wide open aperture 53,90 187 54, 58, 101, 104, 105, 106, width 68, 190 28 71 101143, 152 wilderness92 82,See 84, 87,also , 162 Yellow Balsam (Impatiens scabrida) , 65, , 147 180–181 , 150. animal Yellowstone National Park, 137 images Wyoming , Yoho National Park, Canada Willamette River,12–13 Oregon90 150 See 146 Yosemite National Park, California Wilson’salso Promontory National Park, 53Australia72–73 84, 85, 92. 127 back cover photo wind , , 76, , , 126, , 153, 167 141 Windows,29 Microsoft55 189 62 Wingate sandstone winter , , Bold wireless remote control 208transmitter | Light 20, 71 Travel page numbers indicate photographs. Non-bold page numbers refer to text. Waterfalls plunge along the North Umpqua River in Oregon. Recorded with a compact camera using ISO 50, lens 7.2mm (28mm equivalent in terms of 35mm film), aperture f/8, and shutter speed 1 second on a tripod. (2004) Canon PowerShot Pro1 209 |