Causes of Variable Jarrah (Eucalyptus Marginata) and Marri (Corymbia Calophylla) Seedling Density at Establishment Following
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Early Differential Responses of Co-Dominant Canopy Species to Sudden and Severe Drought in a Mediterranean-Climate Type Forest
Forests 2015, 6, 2082-2091; doi:10.3390/f6062082 OPEN ACCESS forests ISSN 1999-4907 www.mdpi.com/journal/forests Communication Early Differential Responses of Co-dominant Canopy Species to Sudden and Severe Drought in a Mediterranean-climate Type Forest Katinka X. Ruthrof 1,*, George Matusick 1,2 and Giles E. St. J. Hardy 1 1 Centre of Excellence for Climate Change, Woodland and Forest Health, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia; E-Mails: [email protected] (G.M.); G.Hardy@ murdoch.edu.au (G.E.S.J.H.) 2 The Nature Conservancy, Georgia Chapter, Chattahoochee Fall Line Conservation Office, Fort Benning, GA 31905, USA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-893-602-605; Fax: +61-893-606-303. Academic Editor: Steven Jansen Received: 7 April 2015 / Accepted: 3 June 2015 / Published: 9 June 2015 Abstract: Globally, drought and heat-induced forest disturbance is garnering increasing concern. Species from Mediterranean forests have resistance and resilience mechanisms to cope with drought and differences in these ecological strategies will profoundly influence vegetation composition in response to drought. Our aim was to contrast the early response of two co-occurring forest species, Eucalyptus marginata and Corymbia calophylla, in the Northern Jarrah Forest of southwestern Australia, following a sudden and severe drought event. Forest plots were monitored for health and response, three and 16 months following the drought. Eucalyptus marginata was more susceptible to partial and complete crown dieback compared to C. calophylla, three months after the drought. However, resprouting among trees exhibiting complete crown dieback was similar between species. -
BORR IPT 2019A - Part 1 of 12)
APPENDIX C ATTACHMENTS LIST (BORR IPT 2019a - Part 1 of 12) Biota. (2019b). Bunbury Outer Ring Road Southern Section Targeted Fauna Assessment. Unpublished report prepared for Main Roads Western Australia. BORR IPT. (2019a). Bunbury Outer Ring Road Southern Section Vegetation and Flora Study. Unpublished report prepared for Main Roads Western Australia. Brad Goode & Associates. (2012). Aboriginal Heritage Survey Report of the Proposed Bunbury Outer Ring Road Stage 2, Western Australia. Unpublished report prepared for GHD Pty Ltd on behalf of Main Roads Western Australia. Main Roads WA. (2018). Environmental Policy. WRM. (2019). Bunbury Outer Ring Road Southern Investigation Area: Targeted Conservation Significant Aquatic Fauna Survey. Unpublished report prepared for BORR IPT on behalf of Main Roads Western Australia. Bunbury Outer Ring Road Southern Section Vegetation and Flora Study September 2019 Executive Summary The Commissioner of Main Roads Western Australia (Main Roads) is planning for the construction of the Bunbury Outer Ring Road (BORR) Project. BORR is a planned Controlled Access Highway linking the Forrest Highway and Bussell Highway. The completed BORR will provide a high standard route for access to the Bunbury Port and facilitate proposed development to the east of the City of Bunbury. BORR will also provide an effective bypass of Bunbury for inter-regional traffic. BORR forms a major component of the planned regional road network for the Greater Bunbury area. The land requirement for BORR is identified in the Greater Bunbury Region Scheme (GBRS). The proposed BORR comprises three sections: ‘BORR Northern Section’ – Forrest Highway to Boyanup-Picton Road ‘BORR Central Section’ – The Central Section has been previously constructed however further improvements are proposed for this section, including the extension of Willinge Drive southwards to South Western Highway ‘BORR Southern Section’ – South Western Highway (near Bunbury Airport) to Bussell Highway. -
Eucalyptus Study Group Article
Association of Societies for Growing Australian Plants Eucalyptus Study Group ISSN 1035-4603 Eucalyptus Study Group Newsletter December 2012 No. 57 Study Group Leader Warwick Varley Eucalypt Study Group Website PO Box 456, WOLLONGONG, NSW 2520 http://asgap.org.au/EucSG/index.html Email: [email protected] Membership officer Sue Guymer 13 Conos Court, DONVALE, VICTORIA 3111 Email: [email protected] Contents Do Australia's giant fire-dependent trees belong in the rainforest? By EurekAlert! Giant Eucalypts sent back to the rainforest By Rachel Sullivan Abstract: Dual mycorrhizal associations of jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) in a nurse-pot system The Eucalypt's survival secret By Danny Kingsley Plant Profile; Corymbia gummifera By Tony Popovich Eucalyptus ×trabutii By Warwick Varley SUBSCRIPTION TIME Do Australia's giant fire-dependent trees belong in the rainforest? By EurekAlert! Australia's giant eucalyptus trees are the tallest flowering plants on earth, yet their unique relationship with fire makes them a puzzle for ecologists. Now the first global assessment of these giants, published in New Phytologist, seeks to end a century of debate over the species' classification and may change the way it is managed in future. Gigantic trees are rare. Of the 100,000 global tree species only 50, less than 0.005 per cent, reach over 70 metres in height. While many of the giants live in Pacific North America, Borneo and similar habitats, 13 are eucalypts endemic to Southern and Eastern Australia. The tallest flowering plant in Australia is Eucalyptus regnans, with temperate eastern Victoria and Tasmania being home to the six tallest recorded species of the genus. -
Toward Sustainable Management: Southern Africa's Afromontane, And
Proceedings 6th National Conference of the Australian Forest History Society Inc, Michael Calver et al. (eds) © 2005 Millpress, Rotterdam, ISBN 90 5966 026 9 Toward sustainable management: Southern Africa’s Afromontane, and Western Australia’s jarrah forests Grant Wardell-Johnson Natural and Rural Systems Management, The University of Queensland, Gatton, 4343 Michael Calver Biological Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150 Peer reviewed contribution Keywords: logging, Afromontane forest, jarrah forest, management regimes, sustainability, silviculture, employment, plantations ABSTRACT: We review the history of forest management in two southern hemisphere forest types: Western Australia’s jarrah Eucalyptus marginata forests and the Afromontane forests of southern Africa to determine approaches for achieving sustainable forest management. We argue that despite major differences in the ecology and biogeography of these two forest types, a shared pattern in the history of exploitation may provide lessons for achieving sustainable management across forest types. While advanced silvicultural understanding has long been achieved in both for- est types, this in itself has not led to either sustainable management or to public acceptance of forest management regimes. In both areas an early, rapid expansion of uncontrolled timber removal and in the number of operating timber mills was followed by controlled exploitation, a rapid decline in the numbers of mills and, more recently, a general decline in yield. In neither case was increased con- cern about conservation responsible for the reduction in either yield or in employment in the indus- try. Rather, in WA jarrah forests, amendments in purpose and tenure were subsequent to the loss of most mills and towns, while in southern Africa’s Afromontane forests, timber workers were pen- sioned by 1939 because of scanty remaining merchantable timber. -
ATTACHMENT 8N Works Approval Application – Desktop Assessment – Supporting Flora and Fauna Information (Golder, 2017) (1777197-020-R-Rev0)
ATTACHMENT 8 Additional Supplementary Information ATTACHMENT 8N Works Approval Application – Desktop Assessment – Supporting Flora and Fauna Information (Golder, 2017) (1777197-020-R-Rev0) July 2017 Reference No. 1777197-015-L-Rev0 DATE 19 July 2017 REFERENCE No. 1777197-020-M-Rev0 TO Sam Mangione Alkina Holdings Pty Ltd CC FROM Jaclyn Ennis-John EMAIL [email protected] WORKS APPROVAL APPLICATION – DESKTOP ASSESSMENT SUPPORTING FLORA AND FAUNA INFORMATION 1.0 INTRODUCTION This technical memorandum presents a desktop summary of publicly available flora and fauna assessment information for the Great Southern Landfill Site. The Great Southern Landfill Site, outside York, Western Australia, was previously referred to as Allawuna Farm Landfill (AFL), and a Works Approval Application (WAA) was prepared by SUEZ and granted by the Department of Environment Regulation (DER) (now the Department of Water and Environmental Regulation, DWER) on 17 March 2016; it was subsequently withdrawn by SUEZ. The WAA by SUEZ is publicly available on the DWER website. 2.0 PUBLICALLY AVAILABLE INFORMATION 2.1 WAA data The supporting works approval application provided the following information related to flora and fauna: Allawuna Landfill Vegetation and Fauna Assessment, ENV Australia Pty Ltd (October, 2012) (provided in Attachment A) 2.2 Summary of Information 2.2.1 Flora Golder (2015) summarised: A comprehensive Level 2 flora investigation of the proposed landfill area was undertaken by ENV Australia (2012) (Appendix K). The proposed landfill footprint differs to that considered in the flora assessment, although not significantly. The results and conclusions contained in the 2012 Vegetation and Fauna Assessment Report remain valid for the proposed landfill. -
Seed Dispersal by Ants in Jarrah Forest Restorations of Western Australia
Seed Dispersal by Ants in Jarrah Forest Restorations of Western Australia Troy L. Wanless Introduction The jarrah forests in Western Australia cover approximately 1.75 million ha in the southwestern corner of the state (Figure 1). Jarrah, otherwise known as Eucalyptus marginata, is only one species among many that inhabit a region with considerable physical and biological diversity. 1200 species of plants, 29 mammalian species, 45 reptile species, 17 frog species, 4 fish species and 150 bird species live in this system which also has highly adverse conditions for survival. These may include infertile, often salt-laden soils, drought, and the occasional wildfire (Western Australia Forest Alliance, 2003). Considerable deposits of bauxite, which is the primary material involved in the production of aluminum, are scattered throughout the region. Since 1963, Alcoa of Australia Ltd. has cleared these jarrah forests to make way for mining of this ore. It is estimated that these deposits cover 7-8% of the forested area although only 3-4% will ever be mined due to environmental and economic constraints (Majer, 1989). These mined areas create a scattering of patches throughout the forest that are essentially stripped of any kind of biodiversity that was once there (Figure 2). Restoration efforts on these previously mined patches focus on many aspects of the jarrah forest ecosystem. Specifically interesting is the role that ants play in seed dispersal. This paper will focus on the topic of seed dispersal by ants in the northern jarrah forests of Western Australia while paying particular attention to myrmecochory. Figure 1. Location of jarrah forest in Australia Figure 2. -
ALINTA DBNGP LOOPING 10 Rehabilitation Management Plan
DBNGP (WA) Nominees Pty Ltd DBNGP LOOPING 10 Rehabilitation Management Plan ALINTA DBNGP LOOPING 10 Rehabilitation Management Plan November 2005 Ecos Consulting (Aust) Pty Ltd CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 1 2 REHABILITATION REVIEW............................................................ 1 2.1 REHABILITATION OBJECTIVES ............................................................... 2 3 EXISTING VEGETATION ................................................................. 2 3.1 FLORA AND VEGETATION...................................................................... 2 3.2 VEGETATION STUDIES ........................................................................... 4 3.2.1 Study Method ............................................................................... 4 3.2.2 Study Results ................................................................................ 7 3.3 OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES ...................................................... 10 4 REHABILITATION STRATEGY..................................................... 11 5 REHABILITATION METHODS ..................................................... 11 5.1 WEED MANAGEMENT.......................................................................... 11 5.2 DIEBACK (PHYTOPHTHORA CINNAMOMI) MANAGEMENT .................... 11 5.3 PRIORITY AND RARE FLORA MANAGEMENT ........................................ 12 5.4 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ................................................................... 13 5.5 -
MVG04 Tropical Eucalypt Open Forests DRAFT
MVG 4 - TROPICAL EUCALYPT OPEN FORESTS Tropical eucalypt savanna forest Kakadu National Park, NT (Photo: D. Keith) Overview Also known as tropical savannas. MVG 4 occurs in high rainfall areas of Cape York in Queensland, on Melville and Bathurst Islands, the Top End in Northern Territory, and in Western Australia close to Kimberley coast. Structurally it is an open forest with a tall grass-dominated groundlayer. Dominated by eucalypts, primarily species of Corymbia and Eucalyptus, notably the subgenera Fibridia and Leprolaena, but the tree canopy also includes a range of tropical non-eucalypt genera. The grassy understorey is dominated by annual and perennial species exclusively with C4 photosynthetic pathways. Closely associated with tropical monsoonal climates with wet summers and dry winters. Regularly fire-prone in dry seasons. Facts and figures Major Vegetation Group MVG 4 – Tropical Eucalypt Open Forests Major Vegetation Subgroups xx. Tropical eucalypt savanna forest NT, QLD, WA (number of NVIS descriptions) Typical NVIS structural formations Low open forest Number of IBRA regions 26 Most extensive in IBRA region Est. pre-1750: Jarrah Forest (WA) (Est. pre-1750 and present) Present: Nandewar (NSW) Estimated pre-1750 extent (km2) 4 726 Present extent (km2) 3 952 Area protected (km2) 1 417 Structure and physiognomy Open forests dominated by eucalypts with tall grass dominated understories. Trees are taller with straighter boles and the canopy cover is greater than in the savanna woodlands of MVG 12. Leaves of the tree canopies are sclerophyllous and vary in size from notophyll (20 – 45 cm2) to mesophyll (45 – 150 cm2). Broad-leaved shrubs, palms and cycads occur in the understorey (Dunlop 2001; Beard et al. -
The Performance of Eucalyptus Species in Hill Country
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. THE PERFORMANCE OF EUCALYPTUS SPECIES IN HILL COUNTRY A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. J ames Peter Millner 2006 Abstract Eucalyptus species, particularly stringybarks, which produce hard, durable wood are potentially useful in New Zealand, but most species are site sensitive. Twelve species (E. agglomerata, E. baxteri, E. botryoides, E. cladocalyx, E. globoidea, E. microcorys, E. muelleriana, E. nitens, E. obliqua, E. pilularis, E. regnans and E. sa ligna) were compared on four hill country microsites; upper and lower slope on sunny and shady aspects. Assessments included survival, foliar macro-nutrients, diameter at breast height (DBH), height, stem form, basic wood density and health to age 5 years. Site monitoring included solar radiation, temperature, rainfall and exposure. Foliar nutrients were strongly influenced by species and moderately influenced by microsite. Inter-nutrient and nutrient-growth correlations were identified and discussed. Subgeneric differences in nutrient profile were analysed with the aid of principal components analysis. Solar radiation and temperature were seasonal on both aspects but higher on the sunny face than the shady. Aspect differences were moderate, being greatest in the winter and least in the summer. A strongly seasonal growth pattern resulted, maximum DBH and height increments occurring in the spring and summer respectively. -
Appendix 3 Vertebrate Fauna Assessment
A VERTEBRATE FAUNA ASSESSMENT OF THE CLOVERDALE MINERAL SANDS SURVEY AREA Prepared for Iluka Resources Ltd By Ninox Wildlife Consulting February 2006 i Executive Summary The Cloverdale Mineral Sands Project Area is situated approximately 8 km south of Capel, Western Australia. For this fauna assessment, a wider area was surveyed in order to encompass all of the fauna habitats that could be impacted directly or indirectly by the Project. The area assessed for fauna has been called the Survey Area throughout this report. Much of the Survey Area is located on private property on the Southern Swan Coastal Plain (SSCP), although there is a small area of Vacant Crown Land on the Ludlow River. Much of the area is cleared for agriculture with vegetated road reserves, isolated trees in paddocks and small areas of remnant vegetation, some of which has been fenced from stock grazing. A field assessment of the Project Area and surrounds (Survey Area) was carried out over two days in March 2005 by GHD with additional field work conducted by Ninox Wildlife Consulting in mid October 2005. This assessment incorporated a detailed literature review which included a search of State and Commonwealth vertebrate fauna databases, a review of published literature on the vertebrate fauna of the general area and a review of unpublished records from the general area held by Ninox Wildlife Consulting. A total of 46 species of bird has been recorded within the Survey Area. The results of the literature review showed that a further 78 species could be expected to occur as resident, nomadic, migratory or occasional visitors to the general area. -
Anniversary Adventure April 2015
n 9 Pear-fruited Mallee, Eucalyptus pyriformis. A Tour of Trees. 10 Mottlecah, Eucalyptus macrocarpa. Dive into the Western Australian Botanic Garden on an Anniversary Adventure and 11 Rose Mallee, discover its best kept secrets. Eucalyptus rhodantha. 1 Silver Princess, 12 Marri, Explore a special area of the Western Eucalyptus caesia. Australian Botanic Garden with us each Corymbia calophylla. month as we celebrate its 50th anniversary 2 Kingsmill’s Mallee, 13 Western Australian Christmas Tree, in 2015. Eucalyptus kingsmillii. Nuytsia floribunda. In April, we take a winding tour through the 3 Large-fruited Mallee, 14 Dwellingup Mallee, botanic garden to see the most distinctive, Eucalyptus youngiana. Eucalyptus drummondii x rudis rare and special trees scattered throughout its 4 Boab – Gija Jumulu*, (formerly Eucalyptus graniticola). 17 hectares. Adansonia gregorii. 15 Scar Tree – Tuart, 5 Variegated Peppermint, Eucalyptus gomphocephala. Agonis flexuosa. 16 Ramel’s Mallee, 6 Tuart, Eucalyptus rameliana. Eucalyptus gomphocephala. 17 Salmon White Gum, 7 Karri, Eucalyptus lane-poolei. Eucalyptus diversicolor. 18 Red-capped Gum or Illyarrie, 8 Queensland Bottle Tree, Eucalyptus erythrocorys. Brachychiton rupestris. * This Boab, now a permanent resident in Kings Park, was a gift to Western Australia from the Gija people of the East Kimberley. Jumulu is the Gija term for Boab. A Tour of Trees. This month, we take a winding tour through Descend the Acacia Steps to reach the Water Garden the Western Australian Botanic Garden to see where you will find a grove of Dwellingup Mallee the most distinctive, rare and special trees (Eucalyptus drummondii x rudis – formerly Eucalyptus granticola). After discovering a single tree in the wild, scattered throughout its 17 hectares. -
Workshop Notes Perth Region Plant Biodiversity Project Jarrah Forest Reference Sites of the Perth Metropolitan Area: the Southe
Workshop Notes Perth Region Plant Biodiversity Project Jarrah Forest Reference Sites of the Perth Metropolitan Area: The Southern Transect Shaun Molloy February 2008 Lithic complex (reference point MN2) Photograph by Shaun Molloy - 1 - Introduction Bush Forever is a 10 year strategic plan instigated by the Western Australian Government in conjunction with the general community and appropriate Local Government organisations to protect some 51,200 hectares of regionally significant bushland in 287 Bush Forever Sites, representing, where achievable, a target of at least 10 percent of each of the original 26 vegetation complexes of the Swan Coastal Plain portion of the Perth Metropolitan Region. Subsequent to Bush Forever, the Perth Biodiversity Project identified the need to catalogue and describe a series reference sites to facilitate consistency in the assessment of local natural areas and to further enhance the capacity of relevant people to undertake site recording tasks. To this end 40 reference sites were established based on Bush Forever on the Swan Coastal Plain part of the Perth Metropolitan Region (PMR) as part of the Perth Region Plant Biodiversity Project (PRPBP), a collaborative project between the WA Local Government Association’s Perth Biodiversity Project and the Department of Environment and Conservation. The PRPBP recognises a need to provide a fuller appreciation of the diversity of native vegetation found within the PMR. To that end, it was decided to establish reference sites within, or in close proximity to, Darling Plateau part of the PMR. It is proposed that these reference sites are established so as to represent major variations found in the plant communities found within this area thereby complementing reference sites already set up on the Swan Coastal Plain as part of the Perth Biodiversity Project.