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Airborne Log, S-3 Viking Twentieth Anniversary

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Airborne Log, S-3 Viking Twentieth Anniversary S.3 UIKIIIG TWENTIETH ANNIUERSARY REUIEW by David Reade s 1994 approaches, another mile- performed final aircraft assembly. stone in US Naval aviation is LTV/Vought fabricated the wings, ver- about to be set. It will have been tical stabilizers, engine nacelles and 20 years ago that the S-3 Viking joined landing gear components. the fleet and began an inevitable con- UNIVAC developed a new ASW quering of the domain of the super car- package based on the proven systems of rier. Over the years the Viking has the P-3C Orion, but with a much higher become a remarkable versatile platform degree of automation and ruggedness to in the Battle Group and an intrinsic withstand the stress of carrier arrested component of the Navy's power projec- landings and high-g catapult launches. tion mission. The S-3, from the beginning, was With the demise of the CVS anti- supposed to be more than just a replace- submarine aircraft carrier in the early ment for the S-2 Tracker. It was devel- 1960s in favor of the more self-con- oped as a quantum leap in technology tained 'osuper carriers" a need was cre- with ten times the mission capabilities ated for a new, modern, sophisticated than its predecessor, performing new ASW capable airplane to replace the missions never before conceived for the track and sanitize the sea through which venerable piston driven sub-hunting S-2 Tracker. The S-3 encompassed twice the the battle group would pass, the versatile Tracker. The new atcraft was to be jet speed, range and ceiling of the S-2 with Viking was recognized as capable for powered (to rid the carrier of highly a maneuvering envelope more compara- additional missions. New tasking volatile AVGAS) and equipped with ble to that of an attack aircraft. included sea surface surveillance out to state-of-the-art electronics to match the The S-3A avionics suite includes 300 miles from the ship, electronic continued advances being made in the OL-82 acoustic data processor, an picket, scene of action commander and Soviet submarine technology. ANiAPS-116 high resolution nose search and rescue. As time went on, These and other concerns prompted mounted search radar, the OR-89 FLIR deployments found the S-3 performing the Navy to initiate the VSX program sensor housed in a ventral retractable communications relay, low level naviga- which subsequently led to the produc- cupola and an aft rctractable AN/ASQ- tion for other battle group aircraft, aerial tion of the S-3 Viking. 81 MAD for localization of submerged mining, and threat warning surveillance. The Navy's VSX program require- targets. The S-3A is also equipped with Additional modification allowed for ments were released in 1964. An initial an AN/ALR-47 ESM system for quick inflight refueling tanker duties, and logis- contract for a series of flight test omni-directional electromagnetic signals tics / liaison (COD) flights. At times the research and development aircraft was detection. S-3 was used for early ship's EMCON awarded to Lockheed in 1969. At the heart of the S-3 is the (emissions condition) operations, where Lockheed had teamed with AN/AYK-10 digital central computer all the ships radars and elecffonic systems LTV/Vought and UNIVAC to develop which integrates all onboard func- were shut down in a blackout condition the new concept. Each company tions, including managing sonobuoy and an S-3 would be perched at the edge brought particular expertise to the VSX activities and weapons stores. It is also of the flight deck, using its FLIR system program. Lockheed brought an ASW capable of performing hands-off flight as the eyes of the ship. aircraft background, having produced to TACCO calculated fly-to-points for The S-3 VIKING design concept ASWpatrol aircraft since before WWII automatic release of sonobuoys. The was to provide the type of system versa- with continued production of the P-3 computer maintains the aircraft's tility of the P-3C Orion, but with a Orion. LTV/Vought brought an experi- threat library to assist in classifying higher degree of sophistication and ence in carrier-based aircraft having unknown contacts and performs all automation in a smaller package and a produced the successful F-8 Crusader flight/mission record keeping using crew of only four, the pilot, COTAC, and the A-7 Corsair. UNIVAC con- digital magnetic tape for later analysis. TACCO and SENSO. tributed a vast expertise in data process- Other atrcraft features include 60 The Pilot is the mission comman- ing acoustics and had been ASW sonobuoy tubes, an internal weapons bay der and manages all aircraft flying systems specialists for several years. plus wing pylons for additional ordnance functions. Lockheed produced the main fuse- as well as an airborne refueling probe. Once designated the Copilot, the lage and integrated all the major avion- Although the S-3A was principally COTAC acronym is more representative ics and systems components and designed as an ASW aircraft, to detect, of the multiple tasks this position per- VI NG'S zOTH YEAR VIKING'S zOTH YEAR The KS-3A refuels the US-3A. forms. He is copilot, tactical coordinator mission capabilities to conduct EW refuelin-e probe. the S-3 could give up and non-acoustic operator for the Radar, (electronic warfare) and C3 (communi- more fuel than any other carrier based ESM, FLIR, MAD sensors, and pro- cations relay) operations. tanker aircraft to date. But despite its vides all navigation and communica- In order to prove the S-3 tanker laurels. the Navy did not buy the KS-3, tions duties. concept to the Navy, Lockheed pro- so none were produced. The modified The TACCO (Tactical Coordinator) posed developing an operational KS-3 KS-3A was later used for pilot training is the manager who directs the tactical Demonstrator aircraft. To keep costs by VS-41 before being re-configured as operations and is the pivotal point where down, an existing flight test S-3 Vikings a US-3A COD aircraft. all the mission data flows. It's the was modified into the inflight tanker Although the KS-3 never went into TACCO that interprets the information configuration. Ship No. 5 of Lockheed's production, there was still a great need in order to initiate the proper action. S-3A flight test program was diverted for large quantities of fuel in the air. The SENSO is the sole enlisted per- and equipped with a bolt on belly tank This prompted the Navy to adopt the son aboard the aircraft and is the pri- (simulating the proposed conformal ARS - Airborne Refueling System. The mary acoustic operator. Sensor weapons bay tank) modified wing ARS or buddy refueling system was operators know all the systems well, pylons for 600 gallon drop tanks and a designed and developed by NADEP however, and handle a large workload single hose and reel drogue system Alameda. It consists of a refueling pod which does not exclude inflight mainte- incorporated into the fuselage. (stores) housing a hose and drogue sta- nance. The designated KS-3A prototype tioned on the left (port) wing with a 400 was flown for almost two years and gallon drop tank on the starboard wing. Versatile Vikings proved to be a remarkably stable and This system provides the S-3A an added Long before the first S-3A ever efficient refueling platform. It demon- capability that does not interfere with its rolled off the Lockheed production line, strated the ability to move large quanti- normal aircraft operations. numerous S-3 variants began to take ties of fuel with a minimum fuel In the Gulf War, S-3s guided flights shape on engineers' drawing boards. consumption which maximized avail- of strike atcraft north into Iraq refueling Anticipating the Navy's future require- able fuel for inflight transfer. them enroute. Upon reaching the target ments, Lockheed proposed various During tests the KS-3A refueled a area, the Vikings would climb to wait- mission concepts based on the S-3A. variety of Navy aircraft. With its ability ing KC-135 tankers to replenish, then One of the first proposed S-3 vari- to be replenished itself in-flight using its refuel the strike atcraft on their return ants was a tanker concept for inflight refueling of carrier based aircraft. Designated KS-3, the dedicated tanker concept consisted of a standard S-3 wing fuel tank and refueling probe but added a conformal weapons bay fuel tank, wing pylon mounted drop tanks and a dual internal hose and reel drogue system. The aircraft also included addi- tional dual ground refueling recepta- cles. This would speed the on-deck refueling turnaround time. The tanker concept also comprised state-of-the-art navigational and communications avionics with provisions for secondary VS-29 fires a 5" Zuni rocket. 10 to the ship. In some cases the S-3s scaled down version of a C-130 rear would refuel from the KC-135s several cargo door/ramp. Plans included seating times allowing strike akcraft to press the as many as 30 passengers or a straight attack longer. cargo configuration with room to trans- June 1964 Since the Gulf War, and with the port two large jet engines. The aircraft Navy announces concept for fixed wing, carrierbome ASW capable aircraft proposed retirement of the existing had the option of additional wing pylon KA-6 Tanker, the Navy will require mounted cargo pods or auxiliary fuel December 1968 additional tanker capability. They have tanks. Despite its sound design, the air- Navy releases VSX requirements initiated Project Sinclair to modify exist- craft was never built.
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