Jurnal Administrasi Publik (Public Administration Journal), 10(1) June 2020 ISSN 2088-527X (Print) ISSN 2548-7787 (Online), DOI: https://doi.org/10.31289/jap.v10i1.3601

Jurnal Administrasi Publik (Public Administration Journal) Available online http://ojs.uma.ac.id/index.php/jap

Policy Implementation of Solid Waste Management by The Environmental Office of

Arif Rahman*, Rita Myrna & Nina Karlina Magister of Public Administration Study Program, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences Universitas Padjadjaran, Received: March 16, 2020; Aceppted: April 19, 2020; Published: May 8, 2020 *Coresponding Email: [email protected] Abstract Policy implementation of solid waste management is a part of public policy to implement in order to create a safe, sound environment and public space for the people. Bekasi Regency government contributes to solid waste management in their region that they assign the Environmental Office to hold the main role in implementing the policy. Thus, this study sought to profoundly describe the policy implementation of solid waste management by the Environmental Office of Bekasi Regency. This study used qualitative approach with “single instrumental case study” strategy by selecting a relevant case and focusing on the given phenomena and problems. The results show that policy implementation of solid waste management by the Environmental Office of Bekasi Regency has not been optimized due to the limited capacity of the Office in providing resources and budgets, creating new innovations, and influencing people’s mindset. However, it can be said that Environmental Office has been good enough in making policies and efforts for solid waste management since they have been sinergyzed with those of the above level. Keywords: Policy Implementation, Public Policy, Solid Waste Management, Bekasi Regency

How to Cite: Rahman, A. Myrna, R. & Karlina, N. (2020). Policy Implementation of Solid Waste Management by The Environmental Office of Bekasi Regency. Jurnal Administrasi Publik (Public Administration Journal). 10 (1): 102-110

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INTRODUCTION people in every country. Therefore, the Public policy realizes a country's government needs to accommodate and efforts by implementing many actions to implement a good solid waste deal with any public issues (Agustino, management throughout the nation 2016; Béland, 2017; Rusli, 2013; Stewart, through their policies. 2013; Winarno, 2012). Public policy is Indonesia is also one of the countries critical to be realized by the government in that contribute to creating a sustainable order to solve a phenomenon through environment, which one of them is solid intensive interactions of public interests. waste management, even though the Public policy is made through various country still has a lot of work to do to stages to deal with public issues and realize it. In fact, Indonesia has problems, where the core stages consist of contributed for producing the majority of formulation, implementation, and solid waste in the world of 3.22 million evaluation (Birkland, 2015; Dunn, 2018; metric tons, and 83% of its management Wright, 2015). Implementation is the most has not been well-applied (Jambeck et al., influential element of public policy, 2015). These conditions will affect the because the success of this stage is implementation of solid waste represented by the government's management in each region. achievement in realizing the objectives. In Bekasi Regency is one of the regions fact, policy implementation is also needed that has contributed to solid waste to overcome challenges and problems in management in their region that they various fields, including the environment, assigned the Environmental Office to hold in order to realize a sustainable the main role in implementing the policy. development in every country (Atkinson, This is also a manifestation of 2014; Cheng & Tong, 2017). decentralization given by the central Today, one of crucial issue that government and stated in Law Number 23 should be addressed by an ideal policy is Year 2014 concerning Local Government. solid waste management, an inseparable The implementation of solid waste part of environmental issues. Solid waste management in Bekasi Regency mainly management is an effort to manage solid, refers to Law Number 18 Year 2008 used objects, either organic or non-organic concerning Waste Management and waste, including plastic, metal, and paper, Minister of Home Affairs Regulation as well as household and industrial waste, Number 33 Year 2010 concerning through various processes (Nnaji, 2015; Guidelines for Waste Management, which Pires, Martinho, Rodrigues, & Gomes, does not only emphasize the processes, but 2018; Poletto, De Mori, Schneider, & also the public involvement in creating a Zattera, 2016; Rajesh, 2019; Vyas, 2010; safe, sound environment and public space. Yetis et al., 2015). However, the writers found some The success or failure of solid waste indications that Bekasi Regency has not management also relies on policies been able to well-implement solid waste implemented by the central and local management. This is evidenced from the governments (Dangi, Schoenberger, & findings of solid waste on the roads and in Boland, 2017; Fernando, 2019; Marino, the rivers in Bekasi Regency (Antaranews, Chaves, & Junior, 2018; Premakumara, 2019; Detik, 2019), and even the imported Canete, Nagaishi, & Kurniawan, 2014). This one (Kompas, 2019; Pojok Bekasi, 2019). is due to the fact that the goal of solid Based on these phenomena and waste management is to create a safe, problems, the writers set the aim of this sound environment and public space for study: to profoundly describe the policy 103

Arif Rahman, Rita Myrna, Nina Karlina, Policy Implementation of Solid Waste Management by The Environmental implementation of solid waste in Bekasi Regent Regulation Number 17 management by the Environmental Office Year 2017 concerning Waste Management. of Bekasi Regency. The regulation is covered from Law Number 18 Year 2008 and Minister of RESEARCH METHODS Home Affairs Regulation Number 33 Year The writers employed qualitative 2010, to the management of solid waste in approach and "single instrumental case Bekasi Regency. study" strategy by selecting a relevant case First, solid waste is collected in and focusing on the given phenomena and stages, from community trash containers problems related to the topic of the to temporary waste disposal sites (TPS) research (Creswell & Poth, 2018). and transfer station to the final disposal Interview, documentary study, and sites (TPA), by waste transport vehicles observation were employed as techniques provided by the Environmental Office of for collecting data. The writers Bekasi Regency, to be reprocessed or interviewed six relevant informants who otherwise built up. have important links in solid waste Second, the solid waste management management in Bekasi Regency. The could be done in many ways, such as informants were from the Environmental incineration, sanitary landfill and other Office consisting of the Head of Planning ways in line with the latest technological Subdivision; Head of Financial Subdivision; development and possible needs. Head of Personnel Subdivision; Head of Third, solid waste management sites Sanitation Division; Head of Infrastructure must be present in every area, from and Facilities Section; and Local Technical residential to industrial. The solid waste Implementation Unit (UPTD) of Final management is carried out by the Local Disposal Site of Burangkeng of Bekasi Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD), a Regency. subsidiary of the Environmental Office, or To analyze data, the writers applied even non-government waste management data reduction, data presentation, and agencies, either individual- or community- conclusion drawing (Miles, Huberman, & based. The agencies are required to have a Saldana, 2014) by referring to Smith's waste-producing people, operational theory of policy implementation to management, operational cost, simplify and clarify the the writers’ infrastructure, and service permit from the analysis on this research topic. The theory Government of Bekasi Regency, which in consists of 4 aspects: the idealized policy; this case is represented by the the target group; the implementing Environmental Office. The managements organization; and environmental factors process the solid waste by sorting the (Smith, 1973). waste into organic and inorganic, excluding unrecyclable residues and RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS hazardous toxic materials (B3). The Idealized Policy Fourth, solid waste services should The first aspect describes the be provided by the Government of Bekasi relationship patterns created by the Regency, either represented by the Environmental Office of Bekasi Regency as Environmental Office or other lower-level the leading sector in managing solid waste government agencies. The waste services and encouraging the target groups to consist of: comply with all applied policies and 1. Direct services, including collection, regulations. transportation, processing and final The derivative policy of solid waste processing; management in Bekasi Regency is outlined 2. Indirect services, including:

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a. Initial service in the form of waste concerning Guidelines for the collection from the waste producer Implementation of Reduce, Reuse, and to the Temporary Waste Disposal Recycle through Waste Banks. The Site (TPS) and transfer station; intended application was stated by the b. Final service in the form of waste Head of Sanitation Division of the transport from the TPS and transfer Environmental Office of Bekasi Regency station to the Final Disposal Site that they built waste banks as a form of (TPA); continuous solid waste management in c. Incidental service in the form of order to create new products with good final service for waste-producing economic values. He also stated that in communities who deliver their own 2019 Bekasi Regency had built 106 waste waste to the transfer stations, the banks across 23 sub-districts. TPS, or waste containers of the There is also another regulation of Local Government. solid waste management in Bekasi For the procedure of solid waste Regency, i.e. Bekasi Regency Regulation service application applies the following Number 4 Year 2012 concerning Public stages: Order. The regulation says that any 1. Applying service permit by filling out a individuals or groups who are found form that is provided and processed by littering in any public places and/or rivers the Environmental Office; will get 6 months imprisonment or a fine 2. The environment office conducts a site of Rp50,000,000.00. The condition proves review no later than 7 days after the that the Local Government of Bekasi date of receipt of the complete, correct Regency, in this case the Environmental application; Office, has made efforts to enforce laws in 3. Based on the results of site review, the order to create a clean, safe, and sound environment office determines: types environment. of service, types and rates of fee, and Referring to Smith (1975), the two fee payment system. government regulations, which are 4. There is a form of agreement on the previously mentioned, is a form of establishment of solid waste services "incremental policy". Because they made should be made. to specify central government regulations Fifth, the Environment Office with the and to guide the implementation of solid other of Local Government of Bekasi waste management in Bekasi Regency. Regency concerned provides assistance to Hence, this indicates that the Government solid waste management agencies in the of Bekasi Regency has a strong forms of guidance, infrastructure, and commitment and support to create a clean public socialization. and healthy environment. Sixth, the Environmental Office also However, the two government conducts periodic monitoring, supervision, regulations have not been applied and guidance in order to supervise the optimally. Based on an interview with the activities of solid waste management, to Head of the Sanitation Division of the evaluate the performance of the system, Environmental Office, it is found that there and to explore potential data to develop a are piles of solid waste at several points in better solid waste management. every sub-district of Bekasi Regency, and In addition to Bekasi Regent even in the river of Cikarang Bekasi Laut Regulation, the Environmental Office also (CBL). This problem has also been lightly implements another policy referring to the touched in the introduction that there are Minister Regulation Number 13 Year 2012 even piles of imported solid waste. These 105

Arif Rahman, Rita Myrna, Nina Karlina, Policy Implementation of Solid Waste Management by The Environmental certainly disturb public order since they Regency gives them the mandate to carry are not pleasing to the eye and polluting out various activities as follows: the environment, and eventually affecting 1. Implementing solid waste management people's health. in their respective regions; The Head of the Sanitation Division of 2. Carrying out the guidance for the the Environmental Office confirmed these people to manage solid waste in their situations. He explained that it was still respective regions; difficult to enforce the laws against the 3. Implementing “Clean Friday” program violators, i.e. those who disposed to clean the surrounding environment household solid waste, a kind of household from solid waste in their respective solid waste, and toxic hazardous materials regions; (B3), because of limited resources and 4. Direct cooperation between the village- time to investigate the actual violators. subdistrict governments and the Local Nevertheless, in collaboration with Technical Implementation Unit of the the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Final Disposal Site of Burangkaeng they once managed to enforce the laws by regarding the solid waste final revealing an unauthorized party who disposal; disposed solid waste containing toxic 5. Provision of facilities for solid waste hazardous materials (B3) in South transport and management. Cikarang (The Ministry of Environment The second target group of solid and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia, waste management policy is non- 2020). government waste management agencies, The Sanitation Head also confirmed either businesses or service providers. The the findings of imported solid waste in underlying point for the agencies, if they Final Disposal Site (TPA) of Burangkeng have not been able to carry out waste and even beyond it. However, the management independently, they can Environmental Office and the relevant work together with an authorized provider government agencies have handled it and of solid waste management services. In are seeking to prevent it in the future. He addition, the mechanism of solid waste explained that actually importing waste is management must comply with the permissible as long as it complies with the policies and regulations of the Regulation of the Minister of Trade Environmental Office of Bekasi Regency, Number 84 Year 2019 concerning from collection, sorting, processing to Provisions on the Import of Non- transport to the Temporary Waste Hazardous and Non-Toxic Waste for Disposal Site (TPS) or the Final Disposal Industrial Raw Materials. Site (TPA). The third target group is the people. Target Group As far as the writers are concerned, the This aspect describes the extent to Environmental Office has tried to which the most influential target groups implementing solid waste management to predetermined by the Environmental every family through the utilization of Office of Bekasi Regency must be able to Family Identity Cards. The people is also adapt to various policies and new patterns the directly-affected target group since of solid waste management. they are the main solid waste producers. The first target groups are the sub- Therefore, the leaders and the district and village governments. As stated subordinates of the Office should be able to in Bekasi Regent Regulation Number 17 develop a solid waste management system Year 2017 concerning Waste Management, in Bekasi Regency. the Environmental Office of Bekasi

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For this reason, the Office undertakes have complied with the applicable rules efforts to transport solid waste by dividing and procedures. Bekasi Regency into 6 regions, each of Based on the above conditions, it can which is held by a Local Technical be said that the Environmental Office has Implementation Unit (UPTD), in order to mapped the target groups appropriately, make an evenly solid waste management despite the ineffective implementation of in all sub-districts. solid waste management. However, the environmental office has not been able to realize the The Implementing Organization transportation service to the fullest. Based This aspect describes the extent to on table 1, they are still unable to carry out which the implementing organization services up to 10%, either in parts or as a responsible for solid waste management in whole. Bekasi Regency implements the policy. Based on the writers analysis, the Table 1. Solid Waste Transportation Service implementing organization of the solid Local Subdistrict Percentage waste management policy in Bekasi UPTD Coverage of Services Regency consists of main and supporting Babelan, Cabangbungin, implementers. 1 7.9% Muaragembong, The main implementer comprises 2 Tarumajaya parties: the Environmental Office and the Sukawangi, Local Technical Implementation Unit. In Tambelang, South 2 5.8% the policy of solid waste management in Tambun, North Bekasi Regency, the tasks of the Tambun Environmental Office as the leading sector Cibitung, West 3 9.7% Cikarang, Setu are formulating, implementing, guiding, North Cikarang, and evaluating. Then, the Local Technical 4 Karang Bahagia, 6.7% Implementation Unit consists of several Sukatani, Sukakarya units: the Local Technical Implementation Central Cikarang, Unit of Waste Management of 6 regions East Cikarang, 5 9.3% and the Local Technical Implementation Kedung Waringin, Pebayuran Unit of the Final Disposal Site of Bojongmangu, Burangkeng of Bekasi Regency. These Cibarusah, South units have to directly implement the solid 6 8.6% Cikarang, Serang waste management in the field, from Baru transportation service to final processing Percentage of Overall 7.8% in the Final Disposal Site. Services The supporting implementers are the Source: The Environmental Office of Bekasi Regency, 2019 sub-district and village governments. Their task is assisting the Environmental Office The Sanitation Head confirmed the and Local Technical Implementation Units conditions, due to limited resources in in managing solid waste in their respective serving the whole community of 623,026 regions by doing relevant activities and/or households, based on Family Identity promotions. Cards. However, the Environmental Office In addition, the leaders of the has been able to well-facilitate other implementing organizations must have a parties such as the sub-district and village strong commitment to realize an optimal governments, businesses, and solid waste solid waste management. Given this management service providers, and they context, it leads to the leadership of Bekasi 107

Arif Rahman, Rita Myrna, Nina Karlina, Policy Implementation of Solid Waste Management by The Environmental

Regent and the Head of the Environmental In addition, according to the Head of Office. Personnel Subdivision, the condition is Based on interviews with five also due to the lack of freelance cleaning informants from the Environmental Office staff to transport solid waste and of state and the Head of the Technical civil apparatus to implement solid waste Implementation Unit of TPA Burangkeng management policy. However, the of Bekasi Regency, it can be said that the government is seeking to increase human leadership of the two of them are already resources to meet the needs and budget, good. Because both of them have particularly through the civil servant synergized their leaderships with central recruitment since 2018. government and West Provincial Government policies to create a good Environmental Factors environment through the commitment of This aspect describes factors that Bekasi Regent represented in his vision of influence or are influenced by the realizing the "Environmentally Friendly" implementation of solid waste Bekasi Regency and his mission of management policy. The result shows that "realizing natural resource management there are three influencing factors in the and sustainable environment." implementation of this policy. And then, the commitment is carried The first factor that the authors out by the Head of the Environmental emphasize is culture. Based on an Office by developing a system for solid interview with the Head of the Sanitation waste management in Bekasi Regency and Division of the Environmental Office, solid adjusting to the 2030 sustainable waste management is not only based on development goals (SDGs) agenda in order policies or regulations, but also people's to realize a sustainable city and mindset of disposing solid waste to the community through the realization of right place. However, there are still many clean and healthy public spaces. people who litter, either on the road or However, in implementing the policy, even in the river. In fact, the there are several obstacles in conducting Environmental Office and the relevant solid waste management in Bekasi government agencies have socialized the Regency. One of the obstacles is waste implementation of ideal solid waste transportation, in which Bekasi Regency management to the people. can only transport 46.5% of solid waste in The second factor is natural 2018 (BPS of Province, 2019). environment. Continuing the previous Based on the writers triangulation statement on the first factor, people's through interviews with the Head of littering-mindset creates an unhealthy Financial Subdivision, the Head of environment that can even lead to natural Sanitation Division, and the Head of disasters. The Head of Sanitation Division Infrastructure Section of the said that impact in the form of a flood Environmental Office, it is found that the might occur, as one in early January 2020, condition is true, due to limited provision even though it involved from external of waste transport vehicles and other factor. supporting technologies as well as limited Therefore, this condition raises the Local Revenue Expenditures Budget, third factor, i.e. economy. According to the particularly to invent a sustainable solid Head of the Sanitation Division, it is waste management. They also added that necessary to instill an economic side in operational vehicles to transport solid solid waste management, which can be waste were ideally 400 units, but there used as a selling value and even income. were only 222 units available in 2019. He also explained that the availability of

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