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LUTHFIATUL UDHMA-140910101046 1.Pdf DigitalDigital RepositoryRepository UniversitasUniversitas JemberJember KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH IRAK DALAM MENCEGAH KEMERDEKAAN KURDISTAN IRAK PASCA REFERENDUM TAHUN 2017 (IRAQI GOVERNMENT POLICY TO PREVENT IRAQI KURDISTAN’S INDEPENDENCE AFTER THE 2017 REFERENDUM) SKRIPSI Oleh LUTHFIATUL UDHMA NIM 140910101046 PROGRAM STUDI ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS JEMBER 2018 DigitalDigital RepositoryRepository UniversitasUniversitas JemberJember KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH IRAK DALAM MENCEGAH KEMERDEKAAN KURDISTAN IRAK PASCA REFERENDUM TAHUN 2017 (IRAQI GOVERNMENT POLICY TO PREVENT IRAQI KURDISTAN’S INDEPENDENCE AFTER THE 2017 REFERENDUM) SKRIPSI Diajukan guna melengkapi tugas akhir dan memenuhi salah satu syarat untuk menyelesaikan studi pada jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional (S1) dan mencapai gelar Sarjana Sosial Oleh LUTHFIATUL UDHMA NIM 140910101046 PROGRAM STUDI ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS JEMBER 2018 i DigitalDigital RepositoryRepository UniversitasUniversitas JemberJember PERSEMBAHAN Skripsi ini kupersembahkan kepada: 1. Allah Swt. Yang Maha Pengasih dan Maha Penyayang Kepada hambaNya, atas limpahan rahmat, kesehatan, dan kesempatan, serta menjadi sandaran utama dalam hidup ini. 2. Kedua orang tua dan seluruh anggota keluarga, atas dukungan penuh dan perhatian yang tulus, serta doa-doa yang tidak pernah terputus dalam mengiringi penulisan karya tulis ini. 3. Almamater Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Universitas Jember, semoga karya tulis ini dapat bermanfaat dan dikembangkan kedepannya. ii DigitalDigital RepositoryRepository UniversitasUniversitas JemberJember MOTO “Karena sesungguhnya sesudah kesulitan itu ada kemudahan” (terjemahan Q.S. Al Insyirah ayat 5)1 1 Departemen Agama Republik Indonesia. 2009. Al-‘Alim: Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahannya, Edisi Ilmu Pengetahuan. Bandung: PT. Mizan Pustaka. iii DigitalDigital RepositoryRepository UniversitasUniversitas JemberJember PERNYATAAN Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini: Nama : Luthfiatul Udhma NIM : 140910101046 menyatakan dengan sesungguhnya bahwa karya ilmiah yang berjudul “KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH IRAK DALAM MENCEGAH KEMERDEKAAN KURDISTAN IRAK PASCA REFERENDUM TAHUN 2017” adalah benar-benar merupakan hasil karya sendiri, kecuali kutipan yang sudah saya sebutkan sumbernya, belum pernah diajukan pada institusi manapun, dan bukan karya jiplakan. Saya bertanggung jawab atas keabsahan dan kebenaran isinya sesuai dengan sikap ilmiah yang harus dijunjung tinggi. Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya, tanpa ada tekanan dan paksaan dari pihak mana pun serta bersedia mendapat sanksi akademik jika ternyata di kemudian hari pernyataan tidak benar. Jember, 23 Juli 2018 Yang menyatakan, Luthfiatul Udhma NIM 140910101046 iv DigitalDigital RepositoryRepository UniversitasUniversitas JemberJember SKRIPSI KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH IRAK DALAM MENCEGAH KEMERDEKAAN KURDISTAN IRAK PASCA REFERENDUM TAHUN 2017 Oleh LUTHFIATUL UDHMA NIM 140910101046 Pembimbing Dosen Pembimbing Utama : Drs. M. Nur Hasan, M.Hum Dosen Pembimbing Anggota: Drs. Supriyadi, M.Si v DigitalDigital RepositoryRepository UniversitasUniversitas JemberJember PENGESAHAN Skripsi berjudul “Kebijakan Pemerintah Irak Dalam Mencegah Kemerdekaan Kurdistan Irak Pasca Referendum Tahun 2017” telah diuji dan disahkan pada: hari, tanggal : Senin, 23 Juli 2018 waktu : 09.00 WIB tempat : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Jember Tim Penguji: Ketua dfrg Fuat Albayumi, S.IP, MA r NIP. 197404242005011002s. NIP Sekretaris I Sekretaris II Drs. M. Nur Hasan, M.Hum Drs. Supriyadi, M. Si NIP. 195904231987021001 NIP. 195803171985031003 Anggota I Anggota II i Drs. Djoko Susilo, M.Si yadi, M.Si Honest Dody Molasy, S.Sos, M.A ur NIP.195908311989021001 NIP 197611122003121002 NIP. 195803171985031003 NIP. 195904231987021001 Mengesahkan Dekan, Dr. Ardiyanto, M.Si NIP 195808101987021002 vi DigitalDigital RepositoryRepository UniversitasUniversitas JemberJember RINGKASAN Kebijakan Pemerintah Irak Dalam Mencegah Kemerdekaan Kurdistan Irak Pasca Referendum Tahun 2017; Luthfiatul Udhma; 140910101046; 2018; 86 halaman; Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Jember. Kurdistan Irak melaksanakan referendum kemerdekaan pada tanggal 25 September 2017. Hasil dari Referendum Kurdistan Irak yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 25 September 2017 sebanyak 92,73% memilih untuk kemerdekaan Kurdistan dari Irak. Referendum ini sangat ditentang oleh pemerintah Irak serta negara-negara tetangga Irak dan organisasi internasional. Mulai dari Kurdistan Irak mendapatkan hak otonomi pada tahun 2004 hingga dilaksanakannya referendum kemerdekaan pada tahun 2017, Pemerintah Irak selalu memberikan keleluasaan dan kuasa yang besar kepada Kurdistan Irak. Skripsi ini akan membahas tentang kebijakan yang diambil oleh Pemerintah Irak dalam menghadapi Etnis Kurdi dan Wilayah Reginoal Kurdistan (KRG) bukanlah kebijakan yang bersifat rayuan agar KRG tidak memisahkan diri dari Irak, namun lebih kepada tekanan dan batasan. Pengumpulan data untuk penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka. Data-data yang digunakan terdiri dari data sekunder yang berasal dari buku, jurnal, laporan, skripsi, tesis, dan berita-berita internasional yang menyoroti masalah yang terkait dengan referendum kemerdekaan yang dilaksanakan oleh Kurdistan Irak pada tahun 2017. Data yang diperoleh akan diteliti menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Untuk menganalisis permasalahan, penulis menggunakan konsep kebijakan dan Carrot and Stick Approach. Hasil penelitian yang didapat dengan menganalisa kebijakan yang diterapkan oleh Pemerintah Irak terhadap Kurdistan Irak menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan stick dengan tiga tekanan, yaitu tekanan ekonomi, politik, dan psikologis berhasil diterapkan. Serta adanya pendekatan carrot setelah Kurdistan Irak memutuskan untuk membatalkan referendum juga telah dilaksanakan dan Kurdistan Irak tetap berada dalam kedaulatan Irak. Hadiah yang diberikan oleh Pemerintah Irak adalah pencabutan embargo penerbangan internasional, jaminan vii DigitalDigital RepositoryRepository UniversitasUniversitas JemberJember gaji pegawai negeri yang ada di KRG, serta jaminan anggaran yang masuk untuk KRG sebanyak 17% dari total anggaran Pemerintah Irak akan disalurkan sebagaimana mestinya dan tanpa ada hambatan. viii DigitalDigital RepositoryRepository UniversitasUniversitas JemberJember PRAKATA Alhamdulillah puji syukur kita panjatkan kehadirat Allah Swt. Yang Maha Pengasih dan Maha Penyayang kepada seluruh hambaNya yang dirahmati. Atas izin, karunia dan limpahan rahmatNya penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi yang berjudul “Kebijakan Pemerintah Irak Dalam Mencegah Kemerdekaan Kurdistan Irak Pasca Referendum Tahun 2017” ini dalam rangka mencapai gelar pendidikan Strata Satu (S1) dari Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Jember. Penulisan skripsi ini dapat diselesaikan oleh penulis dengan bantuan dari berbagai pihak yang terlibat. Atas bantuan yang tulus, Penulis menyampaikan terima kasih kepada: (dari pak dekan, kajur, pembimbing) 1. Dr. Ardiyanto, M.Si, selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Jember. 2. Drs. Bagus Sigit Sunarko, M.Si, Ph.D, selaku Ketua Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional dan dosen anggota komisi bimbingan yang telah membantu penulis dalam pengerjaan skripsi. 3. Dra. Sri Yuniati, M.Si, selaku Sekretaris Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional dan dosen anggota komisi bimbingan bersama Drs. Djoko Susilo, M.Si, yang telah memberikan perhatian kepada penulis selama pengerjaan skripsi. 4. Drs. M. Nur Hasan, M.Hum selaku dosen pembimbing I dan Drs. Supriyadi, M.Si selaku dosen pembimbing II atas kesabaran dan keikhlasan beliau berdua selama ini untuk meluangkan waktu, pikiran, dan perhatian membimbing penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi. 5. Seluruh dosen dan civitas akademika di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Jember, khususnya dalam Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional atas semua ilmu dan bantuan yang diberikan kepada penulis hingga mampu menyelesaikan pendidikan selama masa perkuliahan. 6. Seluruh guru dari pendidikan RA, MI, MTS, dan MA atas kontribusinya memberikan ilmu kepada penulis. ix DigitalDigital RepositoryRepository UniversitasUniversitas JemberJember 7. Abah Muhammad dan Ibu Siti Kholisoh, kedua orang tua hebat penulis yang selalu memberikan dukungan penuh kepada penulis baik itu spiritual maupun materiil, do’a tanpa putus, dan selalu menjadi kekuatan bagi penulis di setiap langkah menyelesaikan skripsi. 8. Anggota keluarga penulis; M. Abid Fahmi, Abdullah Labiq Haqqul Fawaz, Thoriq Mustofa Ahmad, Zahid Mukarrim Syauqillah, dan seluruh anggota keluarga yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu-persatu, atas semangat, doa, dan dukungan yang diberikan kepada penulis selama ini. 9. Sahabat-sahabat teman seperjuangan penulis tercinta; Kamiliya Atikah, Ladia Aisah, Nunik Zulfiyah, Dwi Ananda Violita, Yurike Salzabella, dan Ayuning Dwi Permata Sari yang telah meluangkan waktu, tenaga, keikhlasan hati, dan pikiran untuk saling menguatkan, merajut mimpi dan kenangan bersama, serta menjadi penghibur bagi penulis selama menempuh pendidikan semasa perkuliahan dan sepanjang proses pengerjaan skripsi. Together we made a great team, girls! 10. Special request from Al-Maunah Squad thank you so much for always in home to accompany me, they are Hanifah, Nova, Aci, Zura, Nida, Ega, Shobi, Kenny, Mbak Hayyu, Mbak Ratna etc. 11. Seluruh teman-teman seperjuangan di
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