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Etude Théorique Et Expérimentale Des Corrections Électrofaibles Au Processus De Production Inclusive De Jets. Développement

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Etude Théorique Et Expérimentale Des Corrections Électrofaibles Au Processus De Production Inclusive De Jets. Développement Etude théorique et expérimentale des corrections électrofaibles au processus de production inclusive de jets. Développement de méthodes de détection de topologies extrêmes. Nicolas Meric To cite this version: Nicolas Meric. Etude théorique et expérimentale des corrections électrofaibles au processus de pro- duction inclusive de jets. Développement de méthodes de détection de topologies extrêmes.. Physique des Hautes Energies - Phénoménologie [hep-ph]. Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. Français. tel-00959427 HAL Id: tel-00959427 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00959427 Submitted on 14 Mar 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Universit´eParis 7 Denis Diderot UFR de Physique Th`eseen vue de l’obtention du diplˆomede docteur de l’universit´ede Paris 7 en physique Ecole doctorale 517, Particules-Noyaux-Cosmos Etude th´eoriqueet exp´erimentale des corrections ´electrofaibles au processus de production inclusive de jets D´eveloppement de m´ethodes de d´etectionde topologies extr`emes Nicolas MERIC Th`eser´ealis´eeau CEA, LPNHE, LPTHE Sous la direction de : Gavin Salam et Philippe Schwemling Th`esesoutenue le jeudi 19 septembre 2013. Le jury ´etaitconstitu´ede : Bogdan Malaescu Patrice Verdier Lucia Di Ciaccio (pr´esident) Hugo Beauchemin (rapporteur) Daniel Maˆıtre (rapporteur) Gavin Salam (directeur de th`ese) Philippe Schwemling (directeur de th`ese) Mots cl´es: Physique des particules, Chromodynamique Quantique, Corrections Electrofaibles, Processus de production inclusive de jets, LHC, ATLAS, Calorim`etre´electromagn´etique, Distributions extrˆemes,Bruits d´etecteurs,Mesures de pr´ecision,M´ethodes de d´etection 0.0 Abstract We have studied the behaviour of the inclusive jet, W +jets and Z+jets processes from the phenome- nological and experimental point of view in the ATLAS experiment at LHC in order to understand how important is the impact of Sudakov logarithms on electroweak corrections and in the associated production of weak vector boson and jets at LHC. We have computed the amplitude of the real electroweak corrections to the inclusive jet process due to the real emission of weak vector bosons from jets. We have done this computation with the MCFM and NLOjet++ generators at 7 TeV, 8 TeV and 14 TeV. This study shows that, for the inclusive jet process, the partial cancellation of the virtual weak corrections (due to weak bosons in loops) by the real electroweak corrections occurs. This effect shows that Bloch-Nordsieck violation is reduced for this process. We have then participated to the measure of the differential cross-section for these different processes in the ATLAS experiment at 7 TeV. In particular we have been involved into technical aspects of the measurement such as the study of the QCD background to the W +jets process in the muon channel. We have then combined the different measurements in this channel to compare their behaviour. This tends to show that several effects are giving to the electroweak corrections their relative importance as we see an increase of the relative contribution of weak bosons with jets processes to the inclusive jet process with the transverse momentum of jets, if we explicitely ask for the presence of electroweak bosons in the final state. This study is currently only a preliminary study and aims at showing that this study can be useful to investigate the underlying structure of these processes. Finally we have studied the noises affecting the ATLAS calorimeter. This has allowed for the deve- lopment of a new way to detect problematic events using well known theorems from statistics. This new method is able to detect bursts of noise and problematic channels, in every circumstances, using spatial and time detection. We present this method in a dedicated chapter. R´esum´e Nous avons r´ealis´eune ´etudedu comportement des processus de production inclusive de jets et de production associ´eed’un boson vecteur faible et de jets du point de vue ph´enom´enologiqueet exp´erimental dans le cadre de l’exp´erienceATLAS au LHC pour comprendre quel est l’impact des logarithmes de Sudakov dans les corrections ´electrofaibleset lors de la production associ´eede bosons vecteurs faibles et de jets au LHC. En particulier l’´etudedes corrections ´electrofaiblesau processus de production inclusive de jets, du fait de l’´emissionde bosons faibles r´eelspar les quarks a ´et´er´ealis´ee`a7 TeV, 8 TeV et 14 TeV `al’aide des g´en´erateursMCFM et NLOjet++. Cette ´etudea permis de mettre en ´evidence,pour la mesure de la section efficace de production inclusive de jets, l’annulation partielle des corrections virtuelles ´electrofaibles (dans le cas o`ules bosons faibles interviennent dans les boucles) lorsque les corrections ´electrofaiblesavec ´emissionr´eellede bosons faibles sont ajout´ees.L’annulation de Bloch-Nordsieck est donc partiellement r´etabliepour ce processus. Nous avons ensuite particip´e`ala mesure des sections efficaces de production inclusive de jets et de production associ´eed’un boson vecteur avec au moins un jet, `aune ´energiede 7 TeV dans le centre de masse de collision de protons avec l’exp´erienceATLAS au LHC. Nous avons, dans le cadre de ces mesures, ´etudi´ele bruit de fond QCD pour le processus W +jets dans le canal muonique. Les r´esultatsobtenus dans le canal muonique ont ensuite ´et´ecombin´eset compar´esafin de mettre en ´evidencele comportement des corrections ´electrofaiblesli´ees`al’´emissionr´eelled’un boson faible par les jets. En particulier, cette ´etude semble mettre en avant la pr´esencede plusieurs effets qui augmentent la section efficace diff´erentielle de production associ´eed’un boson faible et de jets. Cette ´etudeest une ´etude pr´eliminairedont le but est de mettre en ´evidencel’intˆeretde comparer les processus de production associ´ee´etudi´esdans cette th`eseavec les processus purement hadroniques. Finalement, une ´etudeexhaustive des bruits de fond d´etecteuraffectant le calorim`etre´electromagn´etique a ´et´er´ealis´ee.Cette ´etudea permis le d´eveloppement d’une nouvelle m´ethode de d´etectiontemporelle et spatiale dans le but de d´etecteren toute circonstance la pr´esencede tels bruits de fond dans les donn´ees. Nous pr´esentons cette m´ethode dans une partie d´edi´ee. 2 0.0 La th´eoriec’est quand on sait tout et que rien ne fonctionne ; la pratique c’est quand tout fonctionne et que l’on ne sait pas pourquoi. Ici nous avons r´eunith´eorieet pratique : rien ne fonctionne et personne ne sait pourquoi ! A. Einstein 3 0.0 4 Remerciements L’heure fatidique se rapproche heure apr`esheure et il est enfin temps pour moi de remercier les gens qui m’ont soutenu au cours de ces derni`eresann´ees et de qui j’ai beaucoup appris, que ce soit sur moi mˆeme,la physique ou les connaissances annexes que ces personnes m’ont enseign´ees. Tout d’abord je souhaite remercier mes parents et ma famille, qu’ils soient pr´esents autour de moi aujourd’hui ou l’aient ´et´edans le pass´e.Tous ont particip´e`afaire de moi la personne que je suis aujourd’hui, et m’ont soutenu dans un soutien sans faille jusqu’`apr´esent. En particulier je remercie mes parents qui m’ont toujours conseill´eavec la plus grande sagesse et sans qui je ne serais pas arriv´e`ace niveau. Je souhaite ensuite remercier ma compagne Jihane, que j’ai rencontr´eedurant ma th`eseet a ´et´e`ames cˆot´esdurant les moments les plus difficiles de ma derni`ereann´ee.Pour cela je ne la remercierai jamais assez. Je remercie mes directeurs Gavin et Philippe qui m’ont apport´etoute leur exp´erienceet leur savoir au cours de ces trois derni`eresann´eeset mˆemeavant. Leurs conseils avis´eset leur grande exp´eriencesont pour beaucoup dans la qualit´ede cette th`ese,dont les d´efautssont de mon seul et unique fait. J’esp`ereavoir acquis le dixi`emede ce qu’ils m’ont enseign´ece qui serait d´ej`abeaucoup. Je remercie bien sˆurles rapporteurs dont les remarques et les questions m’ont permis d’am´eliorer grandement la qualit´eg´en´eralede ce manuscrit. Les fautes restantes ne peuvent ˆetreexpliqu´ees que par ma seule n´egligenceet ma hˆate. Je remercie bien sˆurles autres membres du jury dont un temps pr´ecieuxaura ´et´econsacr´e`a la lecture de ce manuscrit afin d’en d´ecrypterl’essentiel. J’esp`erene pas avoir trop heurt´eleur sensibilit´e`ala lecture de ce document. Je remercie Nicolas Bousson qui aura ´et´e`ames cˆot´es dans les derniers moments de la th`ese, tel un ami au chevet d’un proche, et qui `aparticip´e`ala renaissance du ph´enixqui sommeillait en moi. Je remercie tous mes coll`eguesde labo au LPTHE, LPNHE, CERN et CEA qui m’ont soutenu et avec qui j’ai pu interagir intelligemment au cours de ces derni`eres ann´ees.Les conversations enflamm´eesque nous avons eues resteront grav´eesdans ma m´emoire. Je remercie finalement tous ceux que j’ai cˆotoy´eau cours de mes ´etudes,ceux qui sont devenus mes amis, mes professeurs qui m’ont donn´ele goˆutd’apprendre et tous les auteurs qui m’ont communiqu´eun peu de leur passion au cours de toutes ces ann´ees. 5 0.0 6 Table des mati`eres 1 Panorama Th´eoriquede la Physique des Particules 17 1.1 Mod`eleStandard .
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