Robert Aymar Honoured at CERN

CERN Courier July/August 2011 Faces & Places

C e l e b r a t i o n Robert Aymar honoured at CERN

On 24 May, Robert Aymar, CERN’s director-general from 2004 to 2008, was awarded the National Order of the Legion of Honour of the French Republic in recognition of his outstanding scientific career. A renowned French physicist, he was director of the superconducting tokamak Tore Supra from 1977 to 1988, director of material sciences at the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) in 1990–1994 and director of the ITER project in 1994–2003. During his term of office at CERN he oversaw the commissioning and start-up of the LHC, which he inaugurated on 21 October 2008 (CERN Courier December 2008 p23). Aymar was presented with the award during a colloquium held at CERN in honour of his 75th birthday. After an introduction by the current director-general, Rolf Heuer, a series of presentations from leaders in the Above: Robert Aymar, right, was presented various fields recalled many of Aymar’s with the medal of the Legion of Honour by important contributions from the early days Bernard Bigot, chairman of the CEA, left. at Tore Supra to the completion of the LHC. Catherine Cesarsky, high commissioner Right: Aymar enjoys a presentation during for atomic energy, provided a contribution the colloquium in honour of his birthday. by video. Bernard Bigot, chairman of the CEA, presented Aymar with the medal of the For the full programme and presentations, Legion of Honour, during his contribution see http://indico.cern.ch/conferenceDisplay. towards the end of the colloquium. py?confId=134627.

A w a r d s Suzuki and Petcov receive the 2010 Pontecorvo Prize

The Pontecorvo Prize for 2010 has been awarded to Yoichiro Suzuki, of the University of Tokyo and director of the Kamioka Observatory, and Serguey Petcov of SISSA, Trieste. Suzuki receives the prize for his “outstanding contribution to the discovery of atmospheric and solar neutrino oscillations in the Super-Kamiokande experiments”, while Petcov is honoured for his “fundamental contribution to the investigation of neutrino propagation in matter, μ→eγ, μ→3e processes and Majorana properties of the neutrino”. Yoichiro Suzuki, left, with Mikhail Itkis, Serguey Petcov, left, with Itkis. (Image The awards ceremony was held on centre, and Alexander Olchevsky. credits: JINR.) 18 February at the 109th session of the JINR Scientific Council. Mikhail Itkis, Laboratory of Nuclear Problems and chair Victor Matveev, and the Scientific Council acting director of JINR, and Alexander of the international prize jury, presented warmly greeted the new laureates, who both Olchevsky, director of the Dzhelepov the awards. The new director-elect of JINR, gave presentations on their work.

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EPS Accelerator Group announces 2011 prizewinners

The European Physical Society Accelerator Group (EPS-AG) has announced the winners of the EPS-AG/ IPAC’11 Accelerator prizes, to be presented at the International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC’11, which will take place on 5–9 September in San Sebastián. Shin-ichi Kurokawa of KEK receives the Rolf Wideröe Prize for outstanding work in the accelerator field (without age uranium. [This was] based on an ambitious limit). He is rewarded for “demonstrating plan involving a new ECR ion source and excellent leadership over many years RFQ injector, followed by a chain of three [making] significant contributions to rings that required the... construction of the the automated control and performance world’s first superconducting sector-magnet of high-energy colliders, as well as to cyclotrons.” international collaboration in the field of The Frank Sacherer Prize, for an particle accelerators”. He was responsible individual in the early part of his or her for the design, construction and operation career, having made a recent significant, of the control system for KEK’s TRISTAN original contribution to the accelerator field, collider – the first full computer control for a goes to CERN’s Rogelio Tomás García. large accelerator in Japan – and set up and led “Among many significant contributions in a the team that brought the KEKB B-factory relatively short career, he is particularly well into being. known for his innovative work in measuring The Gersch Budker Prize, for a recent resonance driving terms and the localization significant, original contribution to the of lattice errors, for optics design including accelerator field, with no age limit, also non-linear properties of beamlines with recognizes Japanese work with the award to applications to the final focus of linear Yasushige Yano, senior adviser and former colliders, and for his contributions to the director of the RIKEN Nishina Center. He LHC operations and its upgrades.” was “responsible for turning the RIKEN Cyclotron Laboratory into the world’s most Clockwise: Shin-ichi Kurokawa. (Image powerful source of cw radioactive isotope credit: KEK). Yasushige Yano. (Image beams for all elements from helium to credit: RIKEN.) Rogelio Tomás García. INR awards the 2011 Markov prizes

The Institute for Nuclear Research (INR) The 2011 Markov prize laureates, of the Russian Academy of Sciences left to right: Igor Zeleznykh, Aston in Moscow has awarded the 2011 M A Komar and Alexey Kurepin. Markov Prize to Alexey Kurepin and Igor (Image credit: INR.) Zeleznykh, of the Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and Aston Komar of the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. They received the awards at the 9th Markov Readings in Moscow on 13 May. other elementary particles”; and Komar for elementary particle physics, nuclear physics Kurepin is recognized for his “great his “great contribution to theoretical and and neutrino astrophysics, was established contribution to researches in the field of experimental studies in elementary particle by INR in memory of Moisey Alexandrovich relativistic nuclear physics and discovery of physics”. Markov (1908–1994), who was one of new properties of nuclei and nuclear matterˮ; The M A Markov Prize, which is awarded the founders of the institute. The Markov Zeleznykh for “proposals and developments for essential contributions to theoretical Readings are held each year on 13 May to of new methods for detecting neutrinos and and experimental studies in the field of commemorate his birthday.

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L e a r n e d s o c i e t i e s Cifarelli and Stachel rise to the top The European Physical Society (EPS) has its first woman president, since Luisa Cifarelli of the University of Bologna and INFN took over from Maciej Kolwas, at the close of the EPS Council meeting held on 1–2 April. She was elected president by the EPS Council at the meeting held on 19–20 March 2010 and will serve a two-year term, before becoming a vice-president for a further year. Cifarelli studied at the universities of Rome and Bologna, where her thesis supervisor was Antonino Zichichi. Her research work has taken her to CERN, DESY and the Gran Sasso National Laboratory. For Luisa Cifarelli, the first woman president of the past 10 years she has been involved in the EPS. (Image credit: Mike Struik.) the design, construction and running of the huge time-of-flight detector of the ALICE Johanna Stachel with the first supermodule experiment at the LHC, which is based on of the ALICE TRD ready for installation in multigap resistive plate chamber technology. 2006. (Image credit: A Saba/CERN.) She has served on a number of councils, committees and commissions, including German Physical Society (DPG). She will University of Mainz before conducting CERN Council and the INFN Board of be the first female president of the society research with Stony Brook University Directors. when she takes over from Wolfgang Sander and the Brookhaven National Laboratory. Johanna Stachel, professor of physics at in 2012. Founded in 1845, the DPG is the She has received many research awards, the University of Heidelberg and a member world’s oldest physical society and also the including the Federal Cross of Merit in 1999. of the ALICE collaboration at the LHC, largest, with 59 000 members. Within ALICE, she is project leader of the has been elected as the next president of the Stachel received her PhD from the transition radiation detector (TRD). Herwig Schopper becomes honorary member of EPS

The European Physical Society (EPS) the development of optics, thin metal layers, has elected Herwig Schopper to honorary nuclear physics, elementary particle physics, membership. Schopper was director-general detector development and accelerator of CERN from 1981–1998, a period that saw technology (CERN Courier November 2009 the approval and construction of the Large p36). The EPS also recognizes Schopper Electron-Positron collider in the 27 km for his successful work as the society’s tunnel now occupied by the LHC. He is president, in transferring the headquarters to honoured for his scientific contributions to Mulhouse. Schopper at CERN in 2009. Venetian academy honours CERN theorist

In a ceremony at the Doge’s Palace in Venice the advancement of mathematical, physical on 29 May, Gian Giudice of the theory unit and natural sciences, as well as the at CERN, was nominated academician of the humanities and arts. Past members of the Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ad Arti academy include the mathematicians Tullio (IVSLA) “for his outstanding contributions Levi Civita and Gregorio Ricci Curbastro, to the field of particle physics, and the the scientists Guglielmo Marconi and Luis development of supersymmetry and theories Pasteur, the writers Alessandro Manzoni Gian Giudice, left, at the ceremony with with extra dimensions”. and Ezra Pound, and the sculptor Antonio president of the Academy, Gian Antonio The institute is an academy that promotes Canova. Danieli. (Image credit: IVSLA.)

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V i s i t s P u b l i s h i n g

Carlos Martinez-Riera, general-director of international EPS launches co-operation and institutional relations, ministry of science electronic and innovation for Spain, right, visited the CMS control room with Maria Chamizo-Llatas, newsletter CMS deputy run co-ordinator, CIEMAT, when he came to CERN At the beginning of May, the European on 11 May. He also saw the CMS Physical Society (EPS) launched e-EPS, underground experimental area a monthly online digest of information and the LHC superconducting and facts. It contains not only timely magnet test hall. announcements and information about the EPS and its members, but also news on physics, events and other issues relevant Minister of natural resources to the European physics community. Also for the Kingdom of Lesotho, available in a printable PDF version, its aim Monyane Moleleki, left, is to complement Europhysics News, the toured the ATLAS visitor bi-monthly magazine of the EPS. centre together with Ketevi The newsletter was launched at the start of Assamagan, ATLAS the mandate of the new EPS president, Luisa Collaboration member Cifarelli, who also heads the editorial team. from Brookhaven National ●● Read the newsletter at www.epsnews.eu. Laboratory, during a visit to CERN on 17 May. He was M e e t i n g also invited to see the LHC superconducting magnet The Balkan Summer Institute in physics, test hall. BSI2011, will take place on 19 August – 1 September in Serbia. The institute comprises three events: a seminar for Enrique T Ona, secretary teachers “Trends in modern physics”, held in of health for the republic of Niš on 19 August – 1 September; the school the Philippines, left, was “Cosmology and particle physics beyond the welcomed to CERN on 20 May, standard models” held in Donji Milanovac by Sergio Bertolucci, CERN’s on 21–27 August; and two workshops, director for research and “Scientific and human legacy of Julius Wess” scientific computing, here on 27–28 August and “Particle physics presenting a temperature- from TeV to Plank scale” on 28 August – sensitive mug depicting the 1 September, also in Donji Milanovac. For history of the universe. During further information about all of the events, his visit, Ona heard about life see http://bsw2011.seenet-mtp.info. sciences at CERN and toured several facilities.

The director-general of ITER, Osamu Motojima, centre, visited CERN on 24 May. Here he is in the LHC superconducting magnet test hall with, from left to right, Jean Jacquinot, scientific adviser to the French high-commissioner for atomic On 18 May, the visit to CERN of the deputy energy, Frédérick Bordry, director-general of the state administration head of CERN’s technology of foreign experts affairs for the state council department, Jean-Pierre of China, Ming Lu, left, included a tour of the Koutchouk, of CERN’s ATLAS visitor centre with deputy spokesperson, International Relations Office, Andy Lankford. Lu also met Sergio Bertolucci, and Lucio Rossi, deputy-head CERN’s director for research and scientific of the technology department. computing.

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The spring meeting at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology attracted almost 1400 participants. (Image credit: KIT.)

G e r m a n y The LHC results blossom at spring meeting in Karlsruhe

The annual Spring Meeting of the Particle The eagerly awaited measurements from completion of both the GERDA experiment, Physics, Mathematical Physics and the LHC experiments after the first year which searches for neutrino-less double Gravitational Physics Divisions of the of operation were a major highlight. Since beta decay, and the reactor-based neutrino German Physics Society (DPG) took place there is a separate division of the DPG experiment Double Chooz. There is great this year at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Hadrons and Nuclei) that covers heavy-ion progress towards the direct measurement (KIT) on 28 March – 1 April. With almost collisions, results “onlyˮ from proton–proton of neutrino mass in the near future with the 1400 participants, a large majority of collisions at up to 7 TeV in the centre of mass KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment them particle physicists, this conference is were presented in Karlsruhe. Although no (KATRIN). The newest developments the largest of its kind, and once again the discoveries were announced, presentations in direct searches for dark matter were number of presentations (1001) reached an covered a large number of measurements exemplified with presentations on the all-time high. The increase can be justly and analyses that test the Standard Model experiments XENON100, EDELWEISS attributed to interest in the first year of LHC at unprecedented energies at the LHC. and CRESSTII, the latter claiming a 4.6σ operation, which was also the focus of both The participants heard how, despite the excess in their data that would fit to a the “ceremonial” session, where Rolf Heuer, integrated luminosity being more than weakly interacting massive particle with the CERN’s director-general, gave the plenary 100 times smaller, the LHC has already relatively light mass of 13 GeV/c2. In their lecture presenting the start of a new era of outpaced Fermilab's Tevatron in searches development of multimessenger astronomy, particle physics, and of the evening talk for for supersymmetry, high-mass objects and German groups are also using gamma the general public by the meeting’s organizer compositeness scales. On the other hand, the astronomy and cosmic-ray measurements to Thomas Müller from KIT. precision measurements from the Tevatron open a window deep into the universe. The meeting featured 17 plenary and and from heavy-flavour factories continue Highlights of the ceremonial event more than 100 parallel sessions, in which to pin down the Standard Model in an included a lecture by Gunter Wolf mainly graduate students and young independent way. There was also a focus on from DESY, this yearʼs recipient of the scientists presented both a broad overview progress in theoretical modelling, especially Stern-Gerlach medal of the DPG, and the of the present state of the field and of future in the field of Higgs and flavour physics as talk by CERN’s director-general. The projects stimulated by the development of well as in extensions to the Standard Model. president of the DPG, Wolfgang Sandner, innovative technologies in particle detection, In the field of astroparticle physics, took part in awarding the 2011 thesis prizes, software algorithms and accelerator highlights included the inauguration of and also thanked the more than 100 helpers techniques. the neutrino telescope, IceCube, and the of the local organizing team from KIT.

C ollaboration on 22–27 May for the 15th RDMS CMS of the detector upgrade. Alushta Conference. Organized by the National In the spirit of the RDMS CMS Science Center – Kharkov Institute of meetings, the conference provided Physics and Technology – and JINR, the an important opportunity for young welcomes meeting was hosted at JINR’s “Dubna” physicists, in particular from the RDMS holiday house on the picturesque coast of countries, to attend and present their latest CMS physicists the Black Sea in the Crimea. Some 50 talks, results. Sessions this year covered the many by RDMS members, covered all direct search for heavy flavours and the aspects of physics at CMS – from the latest top-quark (including single top-quark Physicists of the Russia and Dubna results on the Standard Model to signals of production), Higgs-boson hunting, the Member States (RDMS) collaboration in new physics, including the hunt for the Higgs study of exotic objects, new heavy states CMS and colleagues from the wider CMS boson. They also looked at analysis problems and new symmetries, the latest results from collaboration gathered in Alushta, Ukraine, for the whole dataset for 2010 and the issues the heavy-ion runs in 2010 and from the

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beginning of 2011 operation of the LHC, in several review talks. particular the jet-quenching phenomenon, The collective fl ow effects in multiparticle which is a possible signature of the quark– production processes both in proton–proton gluon phase transition. Intense meetings and heavy-ion collisions were high on the and discussions between experimentalists conference agenda. In particular, Vladimir and theorists followed the talks and were Korotkikh of the Skobeltzyn Institute of particularly important for young physicists. Nuclear Physics at Moscow State University The conference opened with a review reviewed the two-particle correlations at by Roberto Tenchini of the University CMS, including both elliptic fl ow and the of Pisa, who concentrated on the main Participants at the conference in Alushta on “ridge” effect. There were also reports on the results obtained so far by CMS. Progress the Black Sea. (Image credit: JINR.) fi rst CMS results on lead–lead collisions. has been tremendous, but more important A number of presentations reported on results and discoveries are still expected. tests of fundamental symmetries and there the status of CMS performance. Talks The presentations on the future physics were several talks on these issues. These on perspectives for the CMS upgrade programme started with a broad-brush covered the extraction of the relevant physics included the hadronic and electromagnetic review by Joseph Incandela of the University aspects at CMS, the detection of tagged jets calorimeters, the tracker and muon systems, of California, the spokesperson-elect of for Higgs production in vector-boson fusion, the calorimetry taskforce, R&D for a CMS the CMS collaboration. He focused on the vector-boson scattering, the measurement high-precision spectrometer and work for the challenges faced in the current and future of the single top t-channel cross-section, the CMS test beams over the next 10 years. physics and in the upgrades to CMS. These angular distribution and asymmetries in rare In his summary talk, the spokesperson themes were continued in more detail in the fl avour-changing neutral current decays of of RDMS CMS, Igor Golutvin from review talks on topics that included searches B-mesons, the fi rst CMS results on di-muon JINR, underlined that the lively research for exotica beyond the current LHC, issues physics and systematic effects in the charged programme at CMS will be added to with the in supersymmetry searches, searches for the neutral-current Drell-Yan process. Searches forthcoming detector upgrade –and raise the Higgs in weak boson associated-production for new physics at CMS require the deep discovery potential for new physics in CMS and benchmark studies in high pile-up. understanding of electroweak processes as in the near future. In confronting the Standard Model, the much as for those that are related to strong For more details, see http://rdms2011.kipt. measurements by CMS provide stringent interactions and they were the subject of kharkov.ua/rdmses/agenda.

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O b i t u a r i e s Robert Brout 1928–2011

Born in New York in 1928, Robert Brout and indeed eventually opted for Belgian obtained his PhD from Columbia University nationality. in 1953, before becoming an associate Brout produced invaluable contributions professor in Cornell and a well-established to diverse domains of theoretical physics. expert on statistical mechanics. There he His basic paper on irreversibility in 1956 met François Englert, who was visiting initiated the “Brussels School” approach to as a postdoctoral researcher; this was irreversible processes. His contributions to the beginning of a life-long scientific the statistical theory of phase transitions, collaboration. In 1961 Brout took the to fundamental interaction physics and to bold step to resign his position at Cornell cosmology address basic questions. His and move with his family to Brussels, pioneering work in cosmology, in which where he eventually became professor the whole Brussels group was eventually at the Université Libre de Bruxelles, and involved, introduced what is now known co-directed with Englert the Service de as inflation and relates the exponential Physique théorique. expansion to the emergence out of a quantum In 1964, Brout and Englert started a Robert Brout, the “gardener of Eden”. fluctuation of the universe, a scenario that revolution with a famous three-page article, (Image credit: Katherine Graham.) may well turn out to be basically the correct which offered the possibility to give mass one. to vector gauge bosons, the vectors of its precise realization, either through finding In the early 1970s, when quantum fundamental interactions. It proved to be a new, fundamental scalar boson or (for field theory and gauge theories started to the key to the unification of the weak and instance) through some other new dynamics. revolutionize particle physics (in no small electromagnetic interactions in the Standard It was characteristic of Brout’s attitude part as a result of his work), Brout undertook Model. This short article described the in physics to rely heavily on his intuition, itinerant courses in the Belgian universities mechanism in various contexts, offering often gained from his expertise in statistical (notably Leuven and Louvain-la-Neuve). different possible realizations (with or without mechanics (the above example is typical in This teaching – and the exceptional warmth a fundamental scalar, in a “spontaneous” or this regard); the mathematical developments of his personality – had a strong influence “dynamical way”). Shortly afterwards this would then follow. He would often present on the respective theory groups, affecting work was complemented by Peter Higgs, his ideas with impressive gusto, mimicking successive generations of theorists to this using an alternative mathematical approach. enthusiastically the physical situations. His day. For this reason, the loss of this fatherly The work was recognized by the European warm personality gained the admiration of figure is felt with sadness in the Belgian Physical Society prize, the Wolf prize, and many students, who later perpetuated his physics community, which he greatly helped later the Sakurai prize. approach around the world. to unify. The Brout–Englert–Higgs mechanism was In his personal life, he was close to nature. Robert Brout died on 3 May in his house, later established by the discovery of the Z and His devotion to gardening inspired the title in Linkebeek, Brussels, a small heaven W bosons and by the detailed field-theoretic of his festschrift, the “gardener of Eden”, an surrounded by the blossoming flower beds computations that confirm the electroweak expression that also conveys his gentlemanly that he had planted. theory within its suspected domain of manners in science and in life. He was ●● François Englert and Jean-Marie Frère, validity. The goal of the LHC is to investigate clearly seduced by the European way of life Universitè Libre de Bruxelles. William (Bill) Galbraith 1925–2011

In 1952, armed with a rubbish bin (painted apparatus at the Pic du Midi, the pair black on the inside) from the UK Atomic successfully demonstrated that the light Energy Research Establishment at Harwell, signals they recorded had the polarization a recycled 25 cm searchlight mirror and and spectral distribution characteristic of a 5 cm phototube, Bill Galbraith and his Cherenkov radiation. These experiments colleague John Jelley set out to measure also revealed the correlation of the amplitude flashes of Cherenkov light in the night sky. of the light signal with shower energy. The They observed a count rate of about one first steps towards Cherenkov astronomy had pulse per minute, so confirming Patrick been taken. Blackett’s assertion that Cherenkov light Born in Renfrew, Scotland, Bill left school from charged cosmic rays traversing the at the outbreak of the Second World War. His atmosphere should contribute to the overall passion for science and engineering resulted night-sky intensity. In 1953, with improved Bill Galbraith. (Image credit: D Galbraith.) in his working as a student assistant in the

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research laboratories of GEC. His BSc from newly-established Rutherford High Energy great respect among his university peers and Birkbeck College, the University of London, Laboratory. He also worked at CERN and he was appointed as dean of faculty of pure was achieved via study at evening classes, Brookhaven on CP violation in K0 decay, science and served as a pro-vice-chancellor while his “day job” involved the development observations that narrowly post-dated and shortly before his retirement. of pre-production versions of vacuum tubes confirmed work by James Cronin and Val Music played a great part in Bill’s life, for airborne and naval radar. Bill then joined Fitch. Bill was appointed chair of high-energy from participation in choral societies in both the nuclear physics division at Harwell in physics at the University of Sheffield in 1966, Wantage and Sheffield to a love of attending 1948, measuring spontaneous fission rates of where he worked in collaborations at the concerts. He and his wife Elizabeth were uranium and plutonium isotopes. This led to UK Daresbury Laboratory – where he was keen supporters of the arts in general and a PhD as an external student at the University one of the founders of research activities music in particular. In Sheffield, Bill’s of London. using the newly constructed NINA electron influence in his support of activities, such as After moving to the Lawrence Radiation synchrotron – and on a series of experiments the Sheffield Festival and of local musicians Laboratory in 1958, Bill worked on K → μ in the West Area at CERN using the Omega including the Lindsay String Quartet and decay at the Berkeley Bevatron. Upon his Spectrometer. Opera North promoted the city’s status as a return to the UK he was involved in the Bill was an excellent mentor of centre for arts and music. construction and operation of NIMROD, undergraduates, postgraduates and young ●● Lee Thompson, the University of Sheffield, the 7 GeV proton synchrotron for the academics. His sense of fair play earned him on behalf of Bill’s colleagues and friends. Daniel Simon 1937–2011

Daniel Simon, leader of CERN’s PS Division now is one of CERN’s cherished facilities from 1994 to 1999, died on 2 June at the age despite its modest size and beam energy. It of 74, in Nancy. CERN owes to him a great was he who, in close contact with the physics number of developments of the experimental community, pushed for this project, as he areas around the PS and the existence of the could not accept the demise of low-energy Antiproton Decelerator (AD). antiproton physics at CERN when LEAR Daniel came to CERN in 1962 from the was to be closed and the SuperLEAR University of Nancy. He first worked in the project was not accepted. This was a tough Nuclear Physics Apparatus Division on the undertaking, at a time when the Large electrostatic separators for the secondary Electron–Positron collider was operating beams at the PS, a subject that he also chose full steam and financing of the LHC was not for his thesis. Then, as a member of the PS yet assured. Division, he designed a variety of beamlines, Although a member of an accelerator including those providing protons and division, Daniel had a strong affection antiprotons to the Initial Cooling Experiment for experimental particle physics. With – the decisive experiment that allowed a clear view of what CERN ought to do CERN to launch the antiproton project on the and the conviction that a broad base was basis of stochastic cooling. His contributions Simon, as PS Division Leader in 1993. indispensable, he fought valiantly and to the initial layout and further evolution of successfully for the small experiments the experimental areas of the Low Energy He was one of the leaders of the relocation around the PS complex and kept close Antiproton Ring (LEAR) were essential of ISOLDE to the PS-Booster, which contact with their users, whom he helped for the success of the LEAR programme. saved this marvellous and now flourishing wherever he could. His friends and Thereafter, Daniel drove the decision and facility from closure when the 600 MeV colleagues remember him as an enthusiastic the effort for the conversion of LEAR into Synchrocyclotron was shut down in physicist, an exacting and able manager, and the Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) for the 1990. However, Daniel’s most significant a loyal friend. provision of lead ions to the LHC. achievement was undoubtedly the AD, which ●● His colleagues and friends. Stanislav Mikheyev 1940–2011

Stanislav Mikheyev, an outstanding uncle S Strelkov, a professor of physics, he scientists, including Mikheyev, developed experimentalist in the field of neutrino and decided to become a physicist. He entered a prototype scintillator neutrino detector. underground physics and one of the inventors Moscow State University in 1959 and in his Soon, Mikheyev became a leader of the of the Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein final year studied nuclear physics in JINR, neutrino experiments and together with (MSW) effect, passed away suddenly on Dubna, where he met and was inspired by V Bakatanov and A Voevodsky developed 23 April in Moscow, after a heart attack. Bruno Pontecorvo. a time-of-flight method to determine the Mikheyev was born in Moscow on In 1965 he began his postgraduate studies direction of the muon. This method was the 11 October 1940 to the family of an expert in the Lebedev Physical Institute under basis of the Baksan Underground Scintillator in deep mining, Paul Kail. Influenced by his Aleksandr Chudakov, whose team of young Telescope, to which Mikheyev made

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substantial contributions. He returned to Moscow in 1999 and since Mikheyev joined the newly created then was involved in experiments in Institute for Nuclear Research (INR) in Russia and elsewhere. As well as being the Moscow in 1970. At the suggestion of scientific leader of the Baksan Telescope, he Pontecorvo his PhD thesis, defended in participated in the K2K experiment in Japan, 1983, was promoted to a thesis for the higher which observed oscillations of accelerator degree of doctor of science because of its neutrinos for the first time. He also became fundamental importance. The main results one of the principal investigators in included the first measurements of the experiments at the Baikal Deep Underwater zenith-angle distribution of upward-going Neutrino Telescope NT200 and NT200+ and muons, searches for oscillations of its extension to the gigatonne-scale. atmospheric neutrinos, the first bound Mikheyev was a versatile researcher on oscillation parameters, the tightest with a deep understanding of theory and a upper limit on the diffuse flux of cosmic remarkable ability to solve sophisticated neutrinos, and resolution of the problem of computational problems with his own horizontal events. These pioneering results creative computer programs. With his substantially determined Mikheyev's further wisdom and human friendliness he was a work and, to a large extent, the developments scientific guide and source of inspiration of the field. Stanislav Mikheyev. (Image credit: INR.) for many young researchers. In 2006, In 1984 Mikheyev realized the importance together with Smirnov and Wolfenstein, of Wolfenstein's paper on neutrino particular to supernova neutrinos, were also he was awarded the Bruno Pontecorvo oscillations for the analysis of atmospheric developed in 1984–1987. Prize, and in 2008 shared with Smirnov the neutrino data. Thus began the collaboration During the same period Mikheyev created M Markov Prize and the J J Sakurai Prize for with Alexei Smirnov, which led to the and led the experimental group that made Theoretical Particle Physics. “invention” of the MSW effect and the further steps in understanding neutrino and Mikheyev will be remembered by his discovery of two different phenomena in muon interactions, performed searches for friends and colleagues for his quiet character, neutrino propagation in matter: resonance cosmic neutrinos from local sources, as his modest personality, his precise style of enhancement of neutrino oscillations and well as neutrinos from the annihilation of communication with others, his impressive adiabatic flavour-conversion. The latter was dark-matter particles accumulated in the Sun speed of understanding things and his deep proposed as an explanation of the deficit of and the Earth. physics intuition. His memory and lessons solar neutrinos and 20 years later the MSW In 1991 Mikheyev joined the MACRO will remain with us. large-mixing-angle solution was established experiment in the Gran Sasso underground ●● G Domogatsky, V Gavrin, P Lipari, as the solution to the solar neutrino problem. laboratory, where his expertise made him V Matveev, A Smirnov, O Suvorova and Various applications of the MSW effect, in a principal member of the collaboration. colleagues, INR, Moscow.

N e w p r o d u c t s

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