Summer 2004 A NEWSLETTER OF THE JAMESTOWN-YORKTOWN FOUNDATION

BUILDING PROJECTS ARE TRANSFORMING JAMESTOWN-YORKTOWN FOUNDATION FACILITIES

From plans for a visitor amenities area at Jamestown Settlement to a nearly complete 50,600-square-foot building that will house museum support functions, the Jamestown- Yorktown Foundation is moving forward to realize its master plan for new programs and facilities to be in place by 2007. The support complex, located midway between Jamestown Settlement and the Yorktown Victory Center, opens this fall and will house The central support complex will open later this year. finance, human resources and outreach education offices, work covers design, construction and structure, which was designed by space for facilities maintenance and acquisition of property. The project is Glavé & Holmes Associates of Settlement waterfront that will provide The permanent exhibit design and fabrication, and a scheduled for completion by next Richmond. The $23.78-million project a behind-the-scenes maritime gallery exhibit gift shop warehouse. The complex will summer. includes construction of the building workspace, a visitor amenities area, building under construction free space at Jamestown Settlement A 40,000-square-foot structure and exhibit design and fabrication, as and seating for interpretive presenta- adjoins the for expanded public facilities and that will house new permanent gallery well as an outdoor plaza and legacy tions. A new 4,300-square-foot new theater and special walkway. The new exhibits are planned replace rental property now occupied exhibits is taking shape next to the shipwright building will include exhibition by finance, human resources and newly open theater and special to open by 2007. storage and workspace for the wing. outreach education and gift shop exhibition wing at Jamestown Design work by Guernsey Tingle maritime staff and a support area for storage. The $7.46-million building Settlement. Century Construction Architects of Williamsburg has started special events on and near the ships’ was designed by Boynton Rothschild Company of Richmond is building the on a complex near the Jamestown continued on page 4 Rowland Architects of Richmond and built by O.K. James Construction Corporation of Williamsburg. Also under construction by O.K. Funding Provided for Yorktown Victory Center James is a new parking lot at Exhibit Enhancements, Commemorative Special Exhibition Jamestown Settlement that will more than double the number of visitor car With an allocation of $1.98 million state budget environment precluded spaces to 515 and double the from the General Assembly funding at that time, a task force of number of bus spaces to 27. The new for the 2004-06 biennium, the Foundation trustees convened to lot was designed by Rickmond Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation will identify and prioritize essential needs. Engineering of Williamsburg in proceed with implementing critical The General Assembly funding conjunction with the re-routing of enhancements to exhibits at the will provide for renovations of exhibit Route 359 that previously separated Yorktown Victory Center and mount- technology infrastructure, including a the museum from visitor parking. ing a two-year exhibition, “The Legacy new lighting system for the museum Together, the new road and parking of Yorktown: A Nation of Immigrants,” galleries and replacement of the audio lot, which will be landscaped with for the 225th anniversary in 2006 of system in the Witnesses to Revolution trees and shrubs, provide a dramati- the Siege of Yorktown, the climactic Gallery. The gallery entrance, cally altered and inviting approach to military event of the American featuring an exhibit on the Declaration the museum. Like its predecessor, the Revolution. of Independence, will be enhanced to lived during the Revolution and A new audio new Route 359, built by the Virginia Originally, the Foundation’s emphasize the impact and relevance recorded their experiences in diaries, system will be installed in the Department of Transportation, spans facilities master plan called for $8.4 of the historic document and to create letters and pension applications. Witnesses to from Jamestown Road (Route 31) to million in capital projects at the a more prominent link to the Wit- The special exhibition “The Revolution Gallery. the Colonial Parkway. The $6.1- Yorktown Victory Center, to be funded nesses to Revolution Gallery, which Legacy of Yorktown: A Nation of million cost of the parking lot project in the 2002-04 biennium. When the tells the story of 10 individuals who continued on page 5 EIGHT JOIN JAMESTOWN- TowardToward 20072007 . . . an update on YORKTOWN FOUNDATION BOARD planning for the Jamestown quadricentennial. The Jamestown-Yorktown Senator Howell has represented By Ross O. Richardson, Jamestown 2007 Promotions and Publicity Manager Foundation Board of Trustees has eight Virginia’s 32nd Senatorial District since new members, with the appointments 1992. She serves on the Joint Com- Norfolk Southern employs 4,500 Virginians and Norfolk Southern Becomes of Thomas A. DePasquale of mission on Technology and Science, First ‘Founding Colony Sponsor’ produces an annual state payroll of $282 million. Alexandria, Ann Parker Gottwald of Secure Virginia Panel, Southern Planning for Jamestown’s 400th anniversary Richmond and Nigel W. Morris of Regional Education Board, and other in 2007 took a great step forward in July when Congress Approves Jamestown Alexandria by Governor Mark R. government commissions and commit- Virginia Governor Mark R. Warner announced Commemorative Coin Legislation Warner; Virginia Senators Janet D. tees. A former public school teacher that Norfolk Southern had become the In late July, Congress approved legislation Howell of Reston, Frederick M. and legislative assistant, Senator Howell commemoration’s first major national sponsor. authorizing the U.S. Mint to produce Jamestown Quayle of Suffolk and John C. has a bachelor’s degree from Oberlin Governor Warner praised the Norfolk-based commemorative coins in 2007. President Watkins of Midlothian by the Senate College and a master’s degree from the Rules Committee; and Virginia Del- University of Pennsylvania. Fortune 500 company for demonstrating vision George W. Bush signed the legislation into law egates Phillip A. Hamilton of Newport Senator Quayle has represented and leadership by stepping forward with its $3- on August 6. Next, the Mint will choose a News and Johnny S. Joannou of the 13th Virginia Senatorial District million commitment. production site and begin the design process. Portsmouth by House of Delegates since 1992 and is chairman of the “The Jamestown 2007 commemoration is Only two sets of commemorative coins are Speaker William J. Howell. Senate Committee on Local Govern- authorized per year. The coin legislation was of nationwide significance, but it is fitting that the The governing board is comprised ment. He chairs the Chippokes initiated by Senator John Warner and Represen- first major corporate sponsor should be one of of Virginia General Assembly members, Plantation Farm Foundation and the our own from Virginia,” he said. “The tative Jo Ann Davis. Senator George Allen and state officials, and gubernatorial and Chesapeake Bay Restoration Fund Jamestown quadricentennial gives us an the entire Virginia delegation in the House of board appointees. Advisory Committee, and is co- opportunity to tell a fascinating story to a much Representatives were co-sponsors. The terms of the three gubernato- chairman of Access and Diversity in broader audience. The benefits to the Two Jamestown coins will be issued, a five- rial appointees are through June 30, Higher Education in Virginia. A Commonwealth’s economy as a result of this dollar gold coin and a one-dollar silver coin. The 2008. They succeed Frank B. practicing attorney, Senator Quayle has commemoration will be great, and Norfolk price of the coins will include a surcharge used to Atkinson, Gerald D. Brittle and Roxane taught at Old Dominion and Christopher Southern’s sponsorship is a strong start.” support Jamestown 2007, the Jamestown- G. Gilmore. Newport universities. He has a Mr. DePasquale is president and bachelor’s degree from the University of David R. Goode, chairman, president and Yorktown Foundation, the National Park Service chief executive officer of Outtask, Inc., Virginia and a law degree from the chief executive officer of Norfolk Southern, said, and the Association for the Preservation of Virginia an enterprise software service com- University of Richmond. “It makes perfect sense for Norfolk Southern to Antiquities. The organizations worked in partner- pany he founded in 1999, and has Senator Watkins has represented become an integral part of this uniquely Ameri- ship to encourage passage of the coin legislation. more than 20 years of experience in Virginia’s 10th Senatorial District since can moment. Many people do not realize that developing technology applications for 1998 and previously served in the Linda Stanier Joins Jamestown laid the foundation for our nation, business. He has a bachelor’s degree House of Delegates. He is president of establishing the concepts of innovation, free Commemoration Staff from the University of Virginia and is a Watkins Nurseries, Inc., and is on the enterprise, democracy and rule of law in the Linda L. Stanier joined the Jamestown member of the university’s board of governing boards of the Virginia New World. We’re proud to be part of this 2007 staff in July as manager of special events, visitors. Mathematics & Science Coalition, of continuing national story.” projects and promotions. Ms. Stanier was Ms. Gottwald is owner of One which he is president, CJW Medical Norfolk Southern Corporation is one of the previously an executive with Ruder Finn, a Thing at a Time, a company specializ- Center, Bank of Powhatan and nation’s premier transportation companies. Its leading City-based public relations ing in fine stationery and invitations, TransCommunity Bankshares. Senator Norfolk Southern Railway subsidiary operates firm, and had worked on many national public and is on the boards of Sacred Heart Watkins has a bachelor’s degree from Center and Hospital Hospitality House Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State 21,500 route miles in 22 states, the District of relations campaigns. She graduated from Smith in Richmond. She has a bachelor’s University. Columbia and Ontario, serving every major College with a degree in history. degree from the University of North Delegate Hamilton has repre- container port in the eastern and Ms. Stanier’s focus with 2007 will be on the Carolina at Chapel Hill. sented the 93rd House District since providing superior connections to western rail 2006 promotional sail of the Godspeed. She will Mr. Morris co-founded Capital 1988 and is chairman of the Health, work to create partnerships and generate media carriers. Norfolk Southern traces its beginnings One Financial Services in 1994 and Welfare and Institutions Committee. He coverage in the markets the ship will visit during to a predecessor rail company operating in the was the company’s president and chief chairs the Virginia Commission on Hopewell-Petersburg area in 1838. Today its sail throughout the summer of 2006. operating officer until 2003. He served Youth and is on the Joint Commission as vice chairman of Virginia’s Commis- on Health Care. Delegate Hamilton is Community Program sion on Efficiency and Effectiveness coordinator of professional develop- Continues Rapid Growth and is on the Governor’s Council on ment for Newport News Public The number of localities participating in the Virginia’s Future. Mr. Morris is a Schools. He has a bachelor’s degree Virginia 2007 Community Program more than member of the board of governors of from the University of Richmond and a tripled during its first 14 months of operation. the London Business School, where he master’s degree from the College of The program, which grew from 20 to 69 earned a master’s degree, and also William and Mary. Delegate Joannou communities between June 2003 and late serves on the boards of The Economist has repre- Group and Quanta Capital Holdings. sented the 79th House District since August 2004, plays an important role as The five state Senate and House 1998. He previously served in the House Virginia prepares for the commemoration of its of Delegates appointees will serve on of Delegates and the Virginia Senate from 400th anniversary in 2007. the Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation 1976 to 1992. He is a member of the Norfolk Southern Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Danville became the 60th community to Officer Henry C. Wolf speaks at the July 21 board concurrent with their elected Joint Legislative Audit and Review announcement that Norfolk Southern is Jamestown receive official Virginia 2007 Community status in terms of office. The senators succeed Commission. A practicing attorney, 2007’s first major national sponsor. Virginia late June. More than 100 communities across William T. Bolling, Malfourd W. Trumbo Delegate Joannou received a bachelor’s Governor Mark Warner is at left. Jamestown- the state are expected to participate in the Yorktown Foundation Co-Chairman Thomas K. and William C. Wampler, Jr. The degree from Virginia Polytechnic Institute Norment, Jr., helped introduce Norfolk Southern at program. Information about the program is delegates succeed Robert S. Bloxom, and State University and a law degree the event. Photo by Michaele White, Governor’s Office available at www.Jamestown2007.org. ❖ Sr., and Flora D. Crittenden. from the University of Richmond. ❖

2 BENIN BRONZE BRACELETS, Board Member Sheila Johnson CHARLES II MIRROR ACQUIRED Commits $350,000 to Jamestown FOR FOUNDATION COLLECTION Settlement Galleries, Annual Fund

A pair of bronze bracelets from Jamestown-Yorktown Founda- “We are honored and the royal court of Benin, West Africa, tion Board of Trustees member fortunate to benefit from and a gilded-wood-framed mirror Sheila C. Johnson of Middleburg has Sheila Johnson’s extraordi- dating to the reign of England’s King made a personal commitment of nary generosity,” said Charles II recently acquired for the $350,000 in support of the planned Reginald N. Jones, presi- Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation new Jamestown Settlement galleries dent of the Jamestown- collection exemplify decorative arts and the Jamestown-Yorktown Yorktown Foundation, Inc. of two different 17th-century cultures Foundation, Inc., Annual Fund. “With just a year of service Sheila C. Johnson that will be represented in Most of the gift – $325,000 – on the Foundation board, Jamestown Settlement’s new will go toward technology applica- she has set a particularly inspiring permanent galleries planned to open tions in the new galleries, now under example of leadership.” by 2007. construction. $25,000 is designated Co-founder and former executive Highly skilled Benin bronze for the Annual Fund, which supports vice president of corporate affairs of workers produced ceremonial items artifact acquisition and a variety of Black Entertainment Television, Dr. worn by kings as symbols of their educational programs. Johnson is owner of Salamander authority, including wide cast-bronze With Dr. Johnson’s contribution Farms in Middleburg, Va., and bracelets with elaborate decoration. cherub and a garland of flowers and and a recent grant of $100,000 from Wellington, Fla. She was appointed The pair, acquired by the Foundation tassels. Both the 33-inch by 28-inch James City County, private gifts and by Governor Mark R. Warner to the with a gift from the Richard S. frame and beveled glass plate are grants in support of gallery technol- Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation Reynolds Foundation, depicts original. ogy applications, including video board in 2003 and is active in stylized human heads representing Among other recent additions to presentations, special lighting and numerous arts and community Portuguese soldiers together with the collection are a Charles II-style audio effects, has reached 77 organizations. ❖ the traditional Benin royal symbol of child’s armchair and a William and percent of a $1.5-million goal. Dr. the mudfish, illustrating the influence Mary-style carved oak infant’s cradle, Johnson’s support of the project will of contact with Europeans on both from the 17th century. A 17th- be acknowledged in the galleries’ indigenous cultures of Africa during century Japanese lacquered chest “Interacting Cultures” section, the 17th century. with inlaid wood and a fold- planned to include a multimedia The Charles II mirror, down front panel, exhibit chronicling the arrival and dating to about exemplifying a experience of Africans in the 1680 and popular English Virginia colony. acquired with a import of the period, gift from the and a 1690 English Gladys and wood tobacco box Franklin Clark also were Foundation, acquired. has a frame Development of gilded and the Jamestown- carved in the style Yorktown Founda- of famed English tion collection is Sheila Johnson’s gift will be acknowledged woodcarver Grinling funded with in Jamestown Settlement’s new permanent exhibition Gibbons, with a private gifts. ❖ galleries, near a multimedia exhibit chronicling the experience of Africans in 17th-century Virginia. Three $50,000 Gifts Support Improvements at Jamestown Settlement Gifts of $50,000 each from the is planned to sail to major East Coast General, a communications company The Roller-Bottimore Foundation Beazley Foundation of Portsmouth, ports in 2006 to call attention to with interests in newspapers, television gift will support construction of a new Media General of Richmond and the Jamestown’s significance in American stations and interactive media, building at Jamestown Settlement’s re- Roller-Bottimore Foundation of history and to forthcoming 400th- primarily in the Southeast, will be created early 17th-century fort to Richmond will help fund capital anniversary events. Ultimately, the two applied to projects identified for represent an Anglican church. The total improvements at Jamestown Settle- new ships will be docked at the private funding, such as technology of private gifts for construction of the ment to be complete by 2007. Jamestown Settlement pier along with applications in new permanent church, which will replace one built in The Beazley Foundation gift will go the Susan Constant, replacing older exhibition galleries now under 1957, now amounts to $165,000. toward construction of new replicas of replicas now on exhibit. To date, grants construction, production of a new Interior furnishings in the existing the Godspeed and Discovery, two of and gifts for the ship construction introductory film, and new structures church, funded in part by a previous gift the three ships that made the 1607 project total more than $2 million. at the museum’s re-created Powhatan from the Roller-Bottimore Foundation, voyage to Virginia. The new Godspeed The contribution from Media Indian village and colonial fort. will be transferred to the new building. ❖

3 flaged hunter combine to provide a Jamestown Settlement Transitional Gallery realistic evocation of a Powhatan Indian environment. Examples of Paves Way For Planned New Permanent Galleries tools and pottery illustrate the The new Jamestown Settlement background of Africans brought to evolution of technology from the gallery provides a stimulating and Virginia in the 17th century. Paleo period more than 15,000 years informative bridge from 15,000- Jamestown’s significance as ago to the time of the Powhatans. square-foot exhibition galleries that America’s first permanent English Nearby, a lighted map compares served more than six million visitors settlement is addressed in the locations of Powhatan and English over 13 years to a 30,000-square-foot gallery’s introductory and concluding settlements in 1608, 1625 and 1675, exhibit space planned to open by 2007. statements, and exhibits convey the and exhibits explore the relationship Laid out in serpentine fashion, fundamental message that the between the Powhatans and the the transitional gallery fills 7,200 meeting of Powhatans, Europeans colonists. square feet in Jamestown Settle- and Africans in Virginia set the pattern The final section of the gallery ment’s new theater and special for a distinctly American culture. traces the evolution of governmental, exhibition building. Like the previous Vivid colors and dramatic economic, religious and social galleries, it details political, social and graphics, including a compass design institutions in 17th-century Virginia. economic circumstances in Europe from 17th-century nautical charts Vivid colors and dramatic graphics, Among artifacts exhibited are items that motivated exploration and projected onto the floor, provide a including a compass design from 17th- relating to the cultivation of tobacco settlement of the New World, de- setting for more than 100 artifacts, century nautical charts projected onto the floor, characterize the new exhibit as the premier cash crop, such as an scribes the land and lifestyle of the including portraits, documents, settings. ebony desk seal, its handle carved in Powhatan Indians who inhabited furnishings, household items, toys, the form of an enslaved African, once coastal Virginia when English settlers ceremonial and decorative objects, investors Sir Richard Reynell and owned by an English merchant arrived in 1607, and chronicles the tools and weapons from 17th-century Henry Wriothesley, third Earl of involved in the tobacco and slave first century of the Virginia colony. Europe and Africa and from Virginia Southampton, displayed on the walls. trade; examples of the kinds of The transitional gallery also Indian sites. A silver-gilt steeple cup, exemplifying material culture in the colony ranging introduces new concepts and design A new fiber-optic map shows a prize in a lottery to raise funds to from a child’s hornbook to a glass features, providing a glimpse of plans areas of the world colonized over two support the Virginia colony, is punch bowl; and a rare portrait of for the new permanent galleries. The centuries by England, France, the displayed in the center of the room. Thomas West, Lord de la Warr, global context for the establishment of Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. An exhibit that explores social from 1610 to English overseas colonies receives A Benin ceremonial knife and and economic motivations for English 1618. A video presentation describes expanded treatment, as does the Kongolese ivory scepter are exhibited emigration to Virginia features pull-out the early stages of government in nature of the Virginia Company of in a section that describes Portu- drawers allowing visitors to view and Virginia – the ruling council appointed London that sponsored the guese contact with Africa beginning in compare examples of clothing by the Virginia Company, a period of Jamestown colony and the cultural the 15th century. New information accessories representative of different martial law with a company-appointed about early Africans in Virginia is social classes. governor, and the meeting in 1619 of introduced later in a display of images In a section of the gallery that the first legislative assembly in English based on 17th-century engravings illuminates developments in shipbuild- America, the precursor of representa- depicting Angolan domestic and ing, cartography and navigation that tive government in the United States. cultural life. Recent documentary enabled long-distance travel across the Gallagher & Associates of research has established that the first sea, a video describes the 1607 voyage Bethesda, Md., is designer of the Africans in Virginia, who arrived in to Virginia and provides a tour of the transitional gallery as well as the new 1619, were from the Ndongo king- Susan Constant, largest of the three permanent exhibition galleries. dom in Angola. ships that made the journey. Exhibits were fabricated by Century Visitors are introduced to the Photographic murals, fabric Construction Company of Richmond, Virginia Company in a space that panels, re-created vegetation, and partnering with Design Craftsmen, suggests an English room of the life-size figures of the paramount chief ❖ The formation and operation of the Virginia Company of Inc., of Midland, Mich. London is examined in detail. period, with portraits of prominent Powhatan and a deerskin-camou-

BUILDING PROJECTS continued from page 1 Renovations of Jamestown Settlement’s re-created pier. Designed for versatility and minimal intrusion on the colonial fort and Powhatan Indian village also are under museum’s living-history programs, the visitor amenities way as part of the comprehensive facilities master plan. The newest addition to the fort, a munitions storehouse, area is screened from a leading from the Powhatan is a backdrop for this musket demonstration. The 12- by Indian village to the ships and features shaded bench 12-foot structure was constructed of cypress plank walls seating, a refreshment area with beverage and snack and clapboard roof by the museum’s exhibits fabrication staff. While the fort building plan supports interpretation vending machines, and restrooms. The $1.96-million of the predominantly military and commercial nature of project, scheduled for completion by late 2006, also Jamestown in its first decade, new structures in the Powhatan Indian village are modeled after archaeological includes a 100-person-capacity terraced seating area near findings at Paspahegh, the Powhatan settlement closest the Powhatan Indian village. ❖ to Jamestown in the early 17th century. A discovery pathway that will border Jamestown Settlement’s Powhatan village is in the preliminary design phase and will be completed by late 2006.

4 THEATER AND SPECIAL EXHIBITION WING DEBUTS

Special events in early June marked the official opening of Jamestown Settlement’s new theater and special exhibition wing. The 32,000-square-foot building’s center- piece is a 45-foot-high rotunda that serves as a gateway to the museum’s indoor and outdoor exhibits. The rotunda is named for major benefactor and long-time board member Robert V. Hatcher, Jr. A 250-seat theater on the first floor provides a spacious and comfortable venue for showing the introductory film Jamestown: The Beginning. A 7,200-square-foot gallery on the second floor houses a transitional exhibition (see story on page 4) for the next two years while construction of a new permanent gallery building is under way. Also on the second floor is a 420- Robert V. Hatcher, Jr., for whom the theater and special exhibition wing rotunda is named, was honored at a gala held April 29 by The 1607 square-foot gift shop and a presentation Society prior to the building’s public debut. The 1607 Society is the hall that provides space for overflow premier membership group of the Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation, Inc. Robert V. Hatcher, Jr. Pictured with Mr. Hatcher (second from left) are Major Reynolds (left), seating for the introductory film. ❖ Molly and Nelson Durden (center back), John and Maggie Hager (center front) and Pamela Reynolds (right).

YVC ENHANCEMENTS continued from page 1 Immigrants” will be located in the Mathews Gallery, now a setting for exhibits about the life of Revolution- ary War soldiers and the develop- ment of the Constitution and Bill of Rights. Acknowledging the 400th anniversary commemoration in 2007 of the founding at Jamestown of A total of 500 guests attended receptions held on June 8 for America’s first permanent English tourism, museum and education colleagues (left) and June 9 settlement, this major exhibition will for Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation, Inc., Annual Fund donors of $100 and more (pictured above are Betty and Bill chronicle immigration to Virginia King and Charles and Jo Schumacher). before and during the 17th century and up to modern times. “A Nation of Immigrants,” scheduled to open in September 2006, will focus primarily on the arrival in Virginia of many different nationalities in the 18th and 19th centuries and the stimulus to immigration created by the founding of the republic. It will examine the motivations of these individuals to leave their homes and their contribu- tions to shaping a new culture. Elements of the two-year exhibition will be left in place after its conclusion in 2008 to allow for the

Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation staff led tours of the new transitional continuation of the permanent gallery the weekend of June 5 and 6, and special demonstrations were themes “Creating a New Nation” and provided in the main museum gift shop during the weekend. Here, “New People in a New Nation” in the museum program assistant Bill Dickerson starts a tour. Celtic harpist Ardie Boggs performs in the gift shop. Jamestown Settlement hosted a Mathews Gallery. ❖ total of 3,200 visitors over the two days.

5 17th-Century Virginians Relied on Imports of Manufactured Goods, From Cloth to Housewares By Thomas E. Davidson, Ph.D., Senior Curator

The dominant role of tobacco in with the cloth came the needles, glassware used by the colony’s English silver drinking vessel. 17th-century Virginia’s economy thread, buttons, buckles and ribbons wealthiest inhabitants were of the Wealthy Virginians imported influenced what people consumed as needed to turn the cloth into finished latest styles. household silver from England. well as what they produced in the garments. England also supplied The pattern of imports to colony. In general it made better ready-made clothing accessories, Virginia changed somewhat over economic sense to grow tobacco, sell such as hats, gloves, belts, shoes and the course of the 17th century. it, and then use the proceeds to buy stockings. In the early years, lots of bulk manufactured goods from abroad, The list of goods that Virginia food like wheat meal, salted rather than to make things on the imported from England and Europe meat and ship biscuits came to plantation. The vast majority of cloth runs to hundreds of items, ranging the colony. Later on, the food and clothing consumed in 17th- from aquavitae (brandy) to wrought items tend to be sugar, spices, century Virginia came from overseas, iron. Virginia tobacco paid for violins olive oil and other non-necessi- as did most tools and weapons, pots and trumpets, playing cards and silver ties, since Virginia now was self- and pans, books and writing paper, plate as well as everyday necessities. sufficient in basic foods. and even most tobacco pipes. Life on a 17th-century Wealthy planters could Large planters had commercial plantation would have afford to flavor their agents in England who bought such been impossible food with imported German helmet. Arms and armor goods for them, while small planters without overseas spices like mace, used in Virginia came from England or Europe. depended on local Virginia merchants imports. nutmeg, cinnamon, who kept stocks of goods on hand. The consumer cloves and aniseed, exported very little except tobacco Seventeenth-century Virginians behavior of Virginia’s and ate exotic back to England. All of Virginia’s frequently complained that needed elite was modeled delicacies like other exports to the mother country goods were either in short supply or on that of the gentry pickled lemons. were in the form of raw materials too expensive in the colony. Every- in England. Virginia’s Late-17th-century rather than finished goods. The body paid with tobacco rather than planter aristocracy colonists also colony sustained a fur trade through- money. corresponded with English ceramic mug. imported many out the 17th century. Beaver pelts Clothing was relatively more family and friends in Merchants found it profitable to more items related ship even relatively cheap dominated this trade in the early 17th expensive in the 17th century than it England and to the use of horses, household goods to Virginia. century, but later on otter and mink is today. An average Virginia planter sometimes traveled including saddles, skins were shipped in some numbers probably spent over a third of his there, so they knew what was bridles, harnesses, and even coach as well. Early on, Virginia shipped income every year on clothing for fashionable at home. The planter elite wheels. Very little imported furniture large quantities of lumber to England, himself, his family, wanted their clothing, personal reached the colony in the early 17th but over time the timber trade his servants and possessions and household goods to century, but by the 1670s large became relatively less important. The his slaves. Some mirror in style and quality those of furniture items like beds and chests of fur and lumber trades brought clothes were their social equals in England. drawers were being imported Virginians only a tiny fraction of the bought ready- Archaeological excavations at late- regularly. profit that tobacco did, however. made, but most 17th-century Virginia plantations show While Virginia imported a huge The economic pattern estab- clothes were that some items like ceramics and range of products, the colony lished in 17th-century Virginia produced in Virginia persisted into the 18th century, with from imported cloth. the colony exporting tobacco to Cloth of many England and receiving manufactured different types came goods of all kinds in return. Only to Virginia, including slowly did Virginia manage to diversify wool, flannel, linen, its economy and develop its own cotton and silk. Along manufacturing sector. The Civil War finally destroyed the plantation English economy and created new opportuni- stockings. Most ties for local manufacturing. ❖ stockings worn in Virginia came from England.

All of the objects pictured date to the 17th century and are in the collection of English book on surveying. No books were printed in the Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation. Virginia during the 17th century.

6 Noteworthy Human Resource Manager, Curator Named Ships in The New World Debra P. Jarvis is the Foundation’s The three Jamestown Settlement new human resources manager, ships will have roles in The New succeeding Rose Ann Terrell, who retired World, a feature film set in early 17th- July 1. Ms. Jarvis joined the Foundation century Virginia. The ships are being as administrative assistant at Jamestown filmed, for the most part individually, Settlement in 1981, and six years later at locations on and near the James moved to human resources, where she River until mid-October. According to was an analyst prior to her promotion. the terms of a contract with the film’s She served on a Department of Human producer, The Virginia Company, LLC, Resources Management task force the Godspeed will be absent from involved in a major restructuring of the Jamestown Settlement for a total of state employee compensation system in nearly three months. The Susan © 2004 Merie Wallace/New Line Productions 2000, and last year earned certified Constant and Discovery will each be Colin Farrell, shown with the Godspeed in the background, will portray Captain professional status from the International John Smith in The New World. on location for about a week, at Personnel Management Association. different times. Mary Anne Caton returns to the The Jamestown-Yorktown students semi-annually. The next offered several round-trips daily from Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation as a Foundation has undertaken this sessions are September 27-29 and Colonial Williamsburg to opposite senior curator, with responsibility for unprecedented level of involvement in February 28-March 2 at Jamestown ends of the Colonial Parkway. A new developing the Yorktown Victory Center a feature film in support of The Settlement and the Yorktown Victory Jamestown Area Shuttle operated exhibition “The Legacy of Yorktown: A Virginia Company, LLC’s commitment Center. Outreach programs are continuously between Historic Nation of Immigrants,” planned to open to filming in Virginia and in recognition available to Virginia schools on an Jamestowne’s Visitor Center and in September 2006. Ms. Caton, who of The New World’s potential to advance-reservation basis. Informa- Glasshouse and Jamestown Settle- was curator of the Foundation’s 18th- generate widespread awareness of tion about the Foundation’s education ment, and York County’s existing century collection in 1997 and 1998, has the importance of Jamestown in the programs is available at (888) 868- Yorktown Trolley transported visitors spent the past several years in New York nation’s history on the eve of the 7593 toll-free or (757) 253-4949. to the National Park Service Yorktown City as associate curator at 400th anniversary in 2007 and to Visitor Center, the Yorktown Victory Seaport Museum and curator/registrar at benefit the Williamsburg area Grant Funds Equipment Center and other Yorktown attrac- . She curated “Fooles & economy. to Produce Photo ID Tickets tions. While passengers were Fricassees: Food in Shakespeare’s Directed by Terrence Malick, The The City of Williamsburg provided required to hold an admission ticket England” in 1999 at the Folger New World stars Colin Farrell as a grant of $10,000 to fund equipment to at least one of the four Jamestown Shakespeare Library in Washington, Captain John Smith, Christian Bale as used by Jamestown-Yorktown and Yorktown destinations, there was D.C., and developed the exhibit catalog. John Rolfe, Christopher Plummer as Foundation visitor services staff to no charge this year to ride the Caton earned a master’s degree in the Christopher Newport, August produce photo identification cards for shuttles. Tickets for Jamestown Winterthur Program in Early American Schellenberg as Powhatan and various ticket programs. The Founda- Settlement, Historic Jamestowne, the Culture at the University of Delaware. Q’orianka Kilcher as Pocahontas. tion museums now offer America’s Yorktown Victory Center and York- The film is scheduled for release in Historic Triangle tickets bearing a town Battlefield are available at the Staff Contributes Fall 2005 by New Line Cinema. photo of the purchaser, as well as Colonial Williamsburg Visitor Center Articles for Publication American Heritage passes for as well as at the four sites. Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation Education Program unlimited year-round admission to staff have made recent contributions to Participation Grows Jamestown Settlement and the Food Service at Yorktown three scholarly publications. Senior Participation in educational Yorktown Victory Center. The Victory Center Curator Tom Davidson composed programs offered by the Jamestown- America’s Historic Triangle ticket Food service featuring Brunswick “Roanoke and Jamestown: Supplying Yorktown Foundation grew substan- includes admission to the Foundation stew, barbeque, hot dogs, sand- England’s First American Colonies” for tially during the 2003-04 academic museums and to Historic wiches and desserts was introduced Searching for the Roanoke Colonies, a year ending June 30. Structured Jamestowne, Colonial Williamsburg on a test basis at the Yorktown publication of the educational programs at the two and Yorktown Battlefield. Victory Center this July by JCM, Inc., Department of Cultural Resources. museums attracted 197,042 partici- owner of the Jamestown Settlement Historian Nancy Egloff wrote an entry on pants, an increase of 19 percent over Historic Triangle Shuttle Cafe. The service is located near William Churchill of Middlesex County, a 2002-03. Additionally, Foundation The Foundation museums existing beverage and snack vending member of the House of Burgesses and educators presented hands-on history participated in a new transportation machines on a covered patio adjacent the Governor’s Council in the late 17th/ programs to 100,763 students – 22 service this summer that connected to the visitor services building and is early 18th centuries, for Volume III of the percent more than in 2002-03 – in Colonial Williamsburg and Jamestown the first opportunity for visitors and Library of Virginia’s Dictionary of Virginia outreach settings. Outreach pro- and Yorktown attractions from staff to purchase a midday meal at Biography. Historian Ed Ayres prepared gramming took place in 118 of Memorial Day weekend through Labor the Victory Center since the American “The Impact of the Revolution on Virginia’s 134 school districts. Day. Funded by a federal transporta- Revolution bicentennial celebration at Agricultural Production in Eastern Structured educational programs tion enhancement grant and the result Yorktown in 1981. Virginia” for the Proceedings of the 2003 at the museums are available year- of a cooperative agreement between Conference and Annual Meeting of the round on an advance-reservation the National Park Service, Colonial Association for Living History, Farm and basis for groups of 15 or more Williamsburg and Williamsburg Area Agricultural Museums, published in students. Curriculum-based pro- Transport, the Historic Triangle Shuttle 2004. grams are offered for home-educated

7 Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation NONPROFIT ORG P.O. Box 1607 U.S. POSTAGE Williamsburg, VA 23187-1607 PAID Yorktown, VA Permit No. 2441

Address Service Requested

The Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation, an educational agency of the Commonwealth of Virginia, administers Jamestown Settlement and Yorktown Victory Center living-history museums, open 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily. For more information, call (757) 253-4838.

Philip G. Emerson Executive Director

Editor, Deborah Padgett Design, Ruby Gardner Marketing and Retail Operations

Printed September 2004 ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Calendar October 16-17 September 12, 19, 26 Yorktown Victory Celebration 2007 Heritage Series: Yorktown Victory Center Sifting Through 17th-Century Cultures 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. A Revolutionary War encampment, special interpretive programs and a Jamestown Settlement variety of military and artillery demonstrations mark the 223rd anniversary 3 p.m. of America’s momentous victory at Yorktown. Visitors of all ages can enroll Archaeological research is uncovering new details about the lives of Powhatan Indian, in “A School for the Soldier,” a special interpretive program, to determine if European and African cultures that converged in 17th-century Virginia, and is the focus of they would have been fit for service in General Washington’s army. The the Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation’s fifth-annual “2007 Heritage Series.” The series of weekend events are a prelude to activities on October 19 – the actual free public lectures leads to the quadricentennial commemoration of Jamestown, America’s anniversary of the British surrender to American forces – when special first permanent English settlement, now less than three years away. programs, a parade and patriotic ceremonies co-sponsored by the Yorktown Day Association and the National Park Service will be held in September 12 – “‘The Two Fruitfull Sisters’: Comparing the Archaeology and Yorktown and the Yorktown Battlefield. History of England’s 17th-Century Chesapeake Colonies,” Dr. Henry Miller, director of research at Historic St. Mary’s City, Md. November 25-27 Archaeological findings at the sites of English settlements in Jamestown, Va., and St. Foods & Feasts of Colonial Virginia Mary’s City, Md., are offering new insights to the colonies’ characteristics and limitations as Jamestown Settlement & Yorktown Victory Center they developed into colonial capitals and urban centers. 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Explore Virginia foodways of the 17th and 18th centuries during this three- September 19 – “An Archaeological Perspective on the Chesapeake Slave Family,” day event beginning on Thanksgiving Day. At Jamestown Settlement, Dr. Garrett Fesler, senior archaeologist with James River Institute for Archaeology learn how food was gathered, preserved and prepared on land and at sea in Williamsburg. by Virginia’s English colonists and Powhatan Indians. At the Yorktown Discover the lives of four generations of enslaved Africans whose home along a James Victory Center, learn about typical soldiers’ fare during the American River bluff near Williamsburg during 1675-1775 is an archaeological site known as the Revolution and trace the bounty of a 1780s farm from field to kitchen. Utopia Quarter. Archaeological evidence – the size and configuration of houses, number of storage pits, and arrangement of artifacts – has shown a clear pattern of family growth at December 18-31 Utopia. A Colonial Christmas Jamestown Settlement & Yorktown Victory Center September 26 – “In Search of Powhatan: Archaeological Investigations at 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Werowocomoco,” by Dr. E. Randolph Turner III, director of the Portsmouth regional Experience 17th- and 18th-century holiday traditions. At Jamestown office of the Virginia Department of Historic Resources. Settlement, a film and special guided tours offer a glimpse of English Learn about the Gloucester County archaeological site thought to be the lost village of Christmas customs of the period and the holiday season during the Werowocomoco, home to Powhatan, powerful ruler of 32 Algonquian-speaking groups in difficult early years of the Jamestown colony. At the Yorktown Victory coastal Virginia at the time the first English settlers arrived 1607. Excavations of the 50-acre Center, hear accounts of Christmas and winter in military encampments York River site over the past two years have yielded numerous Indian and English artifacts during the American Revolution and glimpse holiday preparations on a that date to the period of Powhatan’s rule. 1780s Virginia farm.