Aguilar Vazquez, Antonio (2020) “Are You Suffering?”: Reading David Foster Wallace’S Democratic Literature Through the Vocabularies of Richard Rorty
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Aguilar Vazquez, Antonio (2020) “Are You Suffering?”: Reading David Foster Wallace’s democratic literature through the vocabularies of Richard Rorty. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/81755/ Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten: Theses https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] “Are You Suffering?”: Reading David Foster Wallace’s Democratic Literature Through The Vocabularies Of Richard Rorty. Antonio Aguilar Vázquez MSc Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Arts) School of Critical Studies College of Arts University of Glasgow 2019 1 para Chito, Manchu, y Chita 2 Abstract This dissertation aims to prove the existence of a democratic dimension in the oeuvre of the American writer David Foster Wallace. To do so, the thesis focuses on four of his works, with a chapter devoted to each. These texts are, in order of how they appear by chapter, the short story ‘Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature’ (2004), the novel Infinite Jest (1996), the nonfiction text is Signifying Rappers (1990), and the posthumous and unfinished novel The Pale King (2011). The theoretical framework created to elucidate this democratic dimension is based on the philosophical work of the American Pragmatist Richard Rorty. Particular use is made of his concepts of Private and Public vocabularies, as developed in the books Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature, (1979) Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity, (1989) and Achieving Our Country (1997). By demonstrating the democratic capacity of Wallace's literature, I also aim to show the civic capacities and intent of his texts. By this, I mean that Wallace’s texts aim to represent a democratic and civic belief to the reader and, at the same time, the texts themselves are attempts of civic participation aimed to influence the democratic conversation of the United States. 3 Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. 4 Author’s Declaration ............................................................................................................ 5 Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................... 6 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 7 Mirror Titles: Richard Rorty’s Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature and David Foster Wallace’s ‘Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature.’ ............................................................... 36 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 36 2. Critical Readings ........................................................................................................ 39 3. Sources ..................................................................................................................... 46 4. Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 49 Hermeneutical and Epistemological discourse in Infinite Jest ............................................ 56 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 56 2. Interpretation ............................................................................................................. 60 3. Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 74 Signifying Rappers and Public Vocabularies ..................................................................... 81 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 81 2. ‘E Unibus Pluram’ ...................................................................................................... 88 3. Close reading ............................................................................................................ 91 4. The Nihilism of gangster rap .................................................................................... 107 6. Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 117 The Pale King and the Creation of Hope ......................................................................... 122 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 122 2. Richard Rorty’s American hope ............................................................................... 125 3. Reader’s experience ................................................................................................ 128 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 146 Bibliography .................................................................................................................... 154 4 Acknowledgements I came to Glasgow to work with Dr Stephen J. Burn, a decision I have never regretted. I consider him my friend and mentor; it is thanks to his patience and guidance that I finished this dissertation. Dr Alex Benchimol grounded my critical intentions and showed an enthusiasm for my project that constantly filled me with purpose and determination. I thank him for his friendship and for always being in my corner. I want to thank all my friends in the David Foster Wallace Research Group, who gave me a sense of camaraderie and belonging. I also wish to thank all the members of the University of Glasgow’s Reading Group of Lengthy Literature, as well as Dr Susan Stuart’s Philosophy Reading Group, for the many lessons, jokes, and conversations. Thanks to all my friends and family, both old and new, for their love and companionship. Especially to Dr Abraham Sapien Cordoba, who offered me my first bed when I moved to Glasgow without asking for anything in return. I am also grateful to the organizers of the 2017 David Foster Wallace Conference at Illinois State University and the 2018 Conference David Foster Wallace Between Philosophy and Literature at the Università di Chieti-Pescara, where sections of this dissertation were read. Lastly, I wish to thank the staff working at the University of Glasgow’s Main Library, the Alexander Stone building, and the various cafes around the main campus, where I wrote this dissertation. 5 Author’s Declaration Except where acknowledged in the customary manner, the material presented in this thesis is, to the best of my knowledge, original and has not been submitted in whole or part for a degree in any university. Antonio Aguilar Vazquez 6 Abbreviations Books by Wallace (FT) A Supposedly Fun Thing I’ll Never Do Again (BF) Both Flesh and Not (BS) Broom of the System (BI) Brief Interviews with Hideous Men (CL) Consider the Lobster (C) Conversations with David Foster Wallace, ed Stephen J. Burn (IJ) Infinite Jest (O) Oblivion: Stories (SR) Signifying Rappers (PK) The Pale King Books by Rorty (AOC) Achieving Our Country (CIS) Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity (PSH) Philosophy and Social Hope (PMN) Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature 7 Introduction “All I am entitled to say is that it is a useful way, useful for particular purposes.” Richard Rorty, ‘A World without Substances or Essences’ (1994). This dissertation attempts to redescribe the writings of David Foster Wallace as a democratic tool. To achieve this, I will interpret a selection of Wallace’s writings through Richard Rorty’s philosophy, one of the prominent and more recent contributions to the American Pragmatist tradition. Although I will provide evidence of Rorty’s influence on Wallace, this is not an academic investigation that aims simply to prove the presence of Rorty’s thought in Wallace’s work, nor to present Rorty as one of Wallace’s main influences. Instead, I plan to show that placing Wallace in the frame of Pragmatist theory opens his texts to a democratic interpretation that has been either ignored or underdeveloped by his academic readers, who have mostly focused on his literary influences (John Barth,1 Don DeLillo,2 Thomas Pynchon3) and his relation to new literary movements,4 his use of irony and sincerity,5 and his more overt philosophical references, such as Ludwig Wittgenstein and Jacques Derrida.6 1 One of the most detailed studies of the relationship between Barth and Wallace is Charles B. Harris’s ‘The Anxiety of Influence: The John Barth/David Foster Wallace Connection’ (2014), which focuses on Wallace’s novella ‘Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way’ as a response to Barth’s ‘Lost in the Funhouse’. 2 D. T. Max’s biography of Wallace, Every Love Story is a Ghost