List of Abbreviations …………………………………………………………………
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COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT IN TRENČÍN EUROPEAN TRINITY MODEL Bachelor Thesis Study program: Knowledge Management Workplace: College of Management, Trenčín Thesis advisor: Matthias C. Suthe Consultant: Trenčín 2009 Lukáš Arbet ABSTRAKT Téma: EUROPEAN TRINITY MODEL Kľúčové slová: Európska Únia, Superštát, Dvojkomorový, Budúcnosť Študent: Lukáš Arbet Vedúci BP: Matthias C. Suthe Od doby, keď Európania nasledovali víziu jednoty a spolupráce v povojnovej Európe dvadsiateho storočia, uplynulo už mnoho rokov a Európa zaznamenala vývoj smerom k jednote. Vtedajšie Európske Spoločenstvo vývojom a dosiahlo stav súčasný, keď sa transformovalo do nadnárodného celku – Európskej Únie. Únia stále expanduje a pokrýva vačšinu kontinentu, kde sa snaží realizovať koncept jednoty a neustáleho rozvoja. Nový model navrhuje expanziu k tomu čo Európska Únia, i keď len v nepriamo, reprezentuje už teraz – superštát. Angažovanosť jednotlivých entít v procese rozhodovania a riešenia európskych záležitostí nedáva priestor na určenie, kto skutočne stojí na čele tohto giganta. Ak sa nájdu vedúce osobnosti, často sa ich pomenovania duplikujú a tým len mätú bežné obyvateľstvo, ktoré ťažko učuje, kto stojí na čele tohto nadnárodného celku. Inštitúcie a ich podriadené celky, vykonávajú viac koordinačné a poradné úlohy, ako svoj skutočný potencíal spravovania Európskych záležitostí. Nový model navrhuje zmenu ustanovenia Európskej Únie na federálnu úniu s dvojkomorovým parlamentým systémom. Za dolnú komoru parlamentu sa navrhuje ponechať Európsky Parlament s jeho priamo volenými poslancami. Ako doplňujúci orgán je ustanovená druhá komora parlamentu, Rada Ministrov, ktorej je uznané rovnocenné postavenie. Doplňujúcim celkom je výsadne postavenie Európskej Komisie predkladať návrhy, avšak samotná komisia je modifikovaná len na administratíny orgán, bez monopolu na tvorbu legislatívy. Výkonnej moci sa ujíma Európska Rada na čele s Prezidentom a súdna moc ostáva v rukách Európskeho súdneho dvora. Nový model predstavuje jednu variáciu, ako by mohla Európska Únia vyzerať v budúcnosti, aby mohla priniesť prosperitu všetkým jej občanom. Rok 2009 Podpis študenta ABSTRACT Topic: EUROPEAN TRINITY MODEL Key words: European Union, Superstate, Bicameral, Future Student: Lukáš Arbet Advisor: Matthias C. Suthe Many years have passed since the post-war era of the 20th century, when Europeans have followed the vision of unity and cooperation in Europe. Great successes were achieved in development towards the unity. The European Community progressed through a development and achieved current level of transformed supranational entity – the European Union. The Union is continuously expanding and is covering most of the continent striving to execute the concept of unity and continual advancement; therefore, new model proposes an expansion to a form the Union, although indirectly, is representing right now – a superstate. Moreover, the involvement of particular legal entities within the decision making process and handling of European affairs, does not clarify who actually is the one at the top of this giant. Even when finding responsible leading authorities, many times their titles duplicated, thus confusing regular population hardly determining, who is in charge of this supranational entity. The institutions with their subordinated bodies have more coordinating and consultative roles, rather than their real potential of managing European affairs. New model suggests a change of European Union as a legal entity to a federal union with bicameral parliament system. The Lower House is projected to be composed of the European Parliament with his directly elected members. Moreover, the Council of Ministers is being given a supplemental role in the Upper House, as an equal peer entity. Another supporting body is proposed to be managed by the European Commission, however, only as a privileged partner with an advisory right, mainly because the Commission is transformed to an administrative body of the Union, without a monopoly to creation of legislation. Furthermore, the executive role is being given to the European Council, chaired by a President, while the judicial branch remains in full control of the European Court of Justice. Thus the new model represents one variation of future shape of the EU that could ensure prosperity to all its citizens. Year: 2009 Signature of student Table of Contents List of Abbreviations …………………………………………………………………... 1 Chapter I. Introduction and Problem Statement ……………………………….... 2 Chapter II. Review of Literature ………………………………………………….... 3 Chapter III. Methodologies and Procedures used in the Study ………………….... 4 Chapter IV. Results………………………………………………………………….... 5 4.1 European Union’s history, an overview from past to nowadays………………... 5 4.1.1 Road to unified Europe …….……………….…………………………....... 5 4.1.2 Treaties…………………………………………………………………….. 7 4.1.3 Slovakia Joins the Union............................................................................... 8 4.1.4 The Euro…………………………………………………………................ 9 4.1.5 Current scale of the EU................................................................................. 10 4.1.6 European Core Institutions……………………………………………….... 11 4.1.7 The European Council (EC)........................................................................ 11 4.1.8 The Council of Ministers (the Council of the European Union)................. 11 4.1.8.1 Organisation and proceedings....................................................... 12 4.1.8.2 The Council‟s relationships and mutual dependencies................. 12 4.1.9 The European Commission.......................................................................... 13 4.1.9.1 Organisation.................................................................................. 13 4.1.9.2 Powers........................................................................................... 13 4.1.10 The European Parliament (EP).................................................................... 14 4.1.10.1 Organization and Structure........................................................... 16 4.1.10.1.1 The President.................................................................... 17 4.1.10.1.2 Members of the European Parliament.............................. 17 4.1.10.1.3 Political Groups................................................................ 17 4.1.10.1.4 Parliamentary Committees............................................... 17 4.1.10.1.5 Delegations....................................................................... 18 4.1.10.2 Decision making process.............................................................. 19 4.1.11 The European Court of Justice (ECJ).......................................................... 21 4.1.11.1 The Court of Justice……………………………..…………….... 22 4.1.11.2 The Court of First Instance…………………………………..…. 22 4.1.11.3 The European Union Civil Service Tribunal………………..….. 23 4.1.12 European Internal Security Agencies…………………………………….. 23 4.1.12.1 European Defence Agency (EDA)…………………………..……. 23 4.1.12.2 European Police Office (EUROPOL)…………………………....... 23 4.1.13 Treaty of Lisbon………………………………………………………….. 24 4.1.13.1 EU after Lisbon Treaty…………………………………………….. 25 4.2 European Trinity Model Proposal………..…………………..…………………… 27 4.2.1 Future change essential................................................................................. 27 4.2.2 European outer border change...................................................................... 28 4.2.2.1 Western Balkan States........................................................................ 29 4.2.2.2 Moldova.............................................................................................. 29 4.2.2.3 Ukraine and Belarus………................................................................ 29 4.2.3 Form of government.………………………………………………………. 30 4.2.4 Federation: outdated……………………………………………………….. 30 4.2.5 Bicameral system and its modification...……..………………….……….... 32 4.2.5.1 European Lower House of the Parliament proposal...…………......... 32 4.2.5.2 European Upper House of the Parliament proposal……………….... 33 4.2.5.3 Summary…………………………………………………………….. 33 4.2.6 The President and the executive branch of the European state……………. 34 4.2.7 Judicial branch...…………………………………………………….….….. 34 4.3 New Shape…………………………………………………....................................... 35 4.3.1 Impact on other institutions........................................................................... 35 4.3.2.1 Change to the statue of the Commission………………………......... 35 4.3.2.2 Change to the statute of the EDA…………………………………... 36 4.3.2.3 Change to the statute of EUROPOL………………………………... 36 4.3.2 Potential benefits for Slovakia….………………………………………..... 37 4.3.3 Potential threats for Slovakia…………………..………………………….. 38 Chapter V. Discussion, Conclusion, Recommendations …………………….……. 39 Library Release………………………………………………………………………… 41 List of Tables………..………………………………………………………………….. 42 Literature……………………………………………………………………………….. 43 European Trinity Model 1 List of Abbreviations NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization EU- European Union EEC- European Economic Community SEA- Single European Act SEM - single European market UN- United Nations CET - Common External Tariffs EC - European Council EMU- Economic and Monetary Union CFSP - Common Foreign and Security Policy JHA - Justice and Home Affairs EP - European Parliament SIS - Schengen Information System COE - Council of the European Union ECSC - European Coal and Steel Community ESDP - European security and defence policy ECJ - European