DOCSLIB.ORG

Yvonne Ridley the Fragile Invincibility of the LTTE

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Yvonne Ridley the Fragile Invincibility of the LTTE 6 Friday 1st September, 2006 Our freedom and liberties have been reduced in Britain and America – Yvonne Ridley by Shyamalee Murugesu moved from an academic exercise racy but a US puppet in Kabul who America. British people are sick leaders belly dance in front of to a spiritual journey. is jokingly known as a man of of this special friendship which is America delivering Iraq on a enior British journalist Q: How did the Taliban treat Kabul. Hamid Khrzahi has no a one way street in which Tony plate. They closed their eyes and Yvonne Ridley made head- you? power outside of the capital. He is Blair is on his knees to George ears and looked the other way lines when she was captured S A: They treated me with kind- permanently guarded by Bush. Tony Blair has humiliated when Lebanon was bombed. They by Taliban in Afghanistan. At that ness and I treated them with con- Americans, you know, lawlessness Britain and the British people. are a load of self serving gutless time she was a senior war corre- tempt. There is still a fixed idea is back; in the south east the The world is not safe with these individuals who need to get off spondent for the Sunday Express. about the Taliban and a refusal to Taliban is very much in power. twins of Evil. After their inva- their hips from Bushes backside An outspoken critique of the accept that they are anything Now they have got a war. What sions and occupations there are and start getting some respect and Bush and Blair governments on other than a brutal evil regime. they very much wanted unlike in more suicide bombings. I hate dignity back. Hezbollah has put a their propaganda war in Iraq When I came out they treated me the beginning of the war where when George Bush says ‘they in Afghanistan and their stance on spring in the speck of the Arab with respect and courtesy imme- they used B52 bombers. These are the Islamic world, hate our free- world, they have taken on the the Middle East, Yvonne Ridley diately everybody started saying the fighters who thrice humiliated dom and liberty. Our freedom and who converted to Islam is also a fourth largest army in the world oh this is a piece of Stockholm the British army and nobody have liberty have been reduced in and repulsed it. You know I can fearless anti war campaigner. syndrome. learned from history. The prob- Britain and America all the time Currently she is the chief editor almost smell revolution in the air. Q: Can you explain what a lems in Afghanistan are still our telephones are being tapped, e Q: How is it possible with of Islam Channel in Britain .She Stockholm syndrome is? there, women can no longer walk mails scanned, the freedom of the Sunni Shiite divide? was in Sri Lanka last week on a A: Stockholm syndrome is a around safe. What America and speech is gone. Even in Britain A: The divide is very much series of lecture tour organised by bond with the jailor and it usually Britain brought to Afghanistan, I you cannot demonstrate in front promoted by the west and encour- the Centre for Islamic Studies. happens over a long period of have seen it with my own eyes - of the parliament building tradi- aged by the west. In Iraq the Speaking with The Island Ms. time. The name derives from a western pornography culture. The Yvonne Ridley tionally we could march and resistance is made up of Sunnis Ridley mentioned that the Taliban 1973 hostage incident in city of Jalalahbad sells hardcore the laws and rules in Islam from protest. and Shiites. It was never an issue treated her with kindness while Stockholm, Sweden. I wasn’t in porn, the likes of which you don’t day one the women are allowed to Q: There is a growing divide before and you know the Arab she treated them with contempt prison for a long time and I treat- see even in Bangkok or any other inherit, continue with her father’s between the western world and Shiites are making up a lot of the and in fact when she crossed the ed them with contempt. I swore at city. The poppy crops are back. name, trade, etc. In Britain it’s the Muslim world and this border back in to Pakistan she resistance. What is interesting is them, I spat at them, I refused to Afghanistan is now world’s num- only in the last 100 years that keeps continuing. was not too sure who was more the growth of the Iranian backed eat their food, I threw things at ber one heroin producer. women were allowed to own prop- A: The divide is really with the relieved. She also asserted the Shiites. If Bush and Blair do go to them and I went on hunger Q: The western world sees erty and married women were government controlled media, not demise of women’s role in the war with Iran there are 8,000 strikes. In fact I don’t know who Islam as a religion that owned by their husbands. They the people. We no longer have a Muslim world actually coincided British soldiers left in southern was more relieved when I crossed oppresses women. With that had no rights. Unfortunately jour- free press. The western govern- with the introduction of the Iraq that means they are sur- the border back in to Pakistan, kind of publicity how did you nalists are in conflict between cul- ments have gone to war with the British colonialism rounded by 12 million Shiites and them or me. The accusation of get convinced? ture and Islam. There is no such Muslim world. The anti war move- Here are the Excerpts: it would be a massacre. The Stockholm syndrome comes from A: The Quran makes it perfect- thing as forced marriages, child ment all across the world consists Q: From a War correspon- British soldiers know this and journalists and columnists and ly clear that women are equal in brides, honour killings in Islam. of many nationalities. While dent to a practicing Muslim they are fearful. In the anti war observers who fear Islam. They spirituality, work and education. These are cultural issues that British people are sending their what made you change? movement we believe that the don’t understand it and what they At a time when the Christian have come into the Muslim world. sons to Iraq, he is sending his to A: The trigger was my arrest troops should come out. We don’t understand they attack. world was debating this Islam was That is why a huge number of Washington. Politically he is and detention by the Taliban. Q: So this is the propaganda spreading in the Middle East with caused the problem how can we converts to Islam are educated spent and out. The anti war move- Partly also as a fulfilment of a in the mainstream western a clear message. The demise of solve it by remaining there. and professional western women ment slogan is now taken bushes promise I made to the Taliban that media that we see now? women’s role in the Muslim world Iraq was the cradle of civilisa- who see a blue print. I am an go Blair and replaced it with Go I will read the Quran. So when I A: Not all of the western actually coincided with the intro- Islamic feminist contrary to what tion when George Bushes ances- Blair. A massive protest is planned got home I started reading. It was media usually it’s the columnists duction of the British and feminists say about Islam. tors were running around in sack shocking that I knew so little of a on the 23rd of September in who make a living out of writing European colonialism which Q: People are really getting clothes painting there faces these faith that was clearly a way of life. Manchester. bile on other people. encouraged the oppression of tired of US and the British gov- people were then developing read- As a journalist how could I write Q: Do you think the Muslim Q: Do you think the US and women. Furthermore in ernments stand on ing and writing, Now they have authoritatively when there is a leaders are doing enough to put the British governments were Christianity women are demo- Afghanistan, Iraq, Palestine, been bombed by a man who cant huge gap in my knowledge? I pressure on these govern- able to bring in democracy to nized from day one because you Lebanon .What is your view? even find them on the map. The began reading the Quran and sup- ments. Afghanistan? are told that Eve was the A: Tony Blair has turned president with the lowest IQ ever porting literature and very soon it A: Unfortunately the Arab A: Afghanistan has no democ- temptress who seduced Adam. In Britain in to the 51st state of to sit in the white House. by Durand Appuhamy the government has, to date, not ver since the new President done anything on the propaganda was elected to office last front and left this vacuum to the ENovember, the LTTE had LTTE to ply their lies everyday all been brazenly baiting him and his The fragile invincibility of the LTTE the year. government to engage them in bat- An all out military campaign is tle to settle the question of sepa- the best course to take.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Muslim Woman Activist’: Solidarity Across Difference in the Movement Against the ‘War on Terror’
    ORE Open Research Exeter TITLE ‘The Muslim woman activist’: solidarity across difference in the movement against the ‘War on Terror’ AUTHORS Massoumi, N JOURNAL Ethnicities DEPOSITED IN ORE 13 March 2019 This version available at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/36451 COPYRIGHT AND REUSE Open Research Exeter makes this work available in accordance with publisher policies. A NOTE ON VERSIONS The version presented here may differ from the published version. If citing, you are advised to consult the published version for pagination, volume/issue and date of publication ‘The Muslim woman activist’: solidarity across difference in the movement against the ‘War on Terror’ Abstract Feminist scholars have widely noted the centrality of gendered discourses to the ‘War on Terror’. This article shows how gendered narratives also shaped the collective identities of those opposing the ‘War on Terror’. Using interview data and analysis of newspaper editorials from movement leaders alongside focus groups with grassroots Muslim women activists, this article demonstrates how, in responding to the cynical use of women’s rights to justify war, participants in the anti- ‘War on Terror’ movement offered an alternative story. Movement activists deployed representations of Muslim women’s agency to challenge the trope of the ‘oppressed Muslim woman’. I argue that these representations went beyond strategic counter-narratives and offered an emotional basis for solidarity. Yet, respondents in the focus groups illustrated the challenges of seeking agency through an ascribed identity; in that they simultaneously refused and relied upon dominant terms of the debate about Muslim women. Keywords Muslim women, social movements, war on terror, collective identity, symbol Introduction Something horrible flits across the background in scenes from Afghanistan, scuttling out of sight.
    [Show full text]
  • The 21 Century New Muslim Generation Converts in Britain And
    The 21st Century New Muslim Generation Converts in Britain and Germany Submitted by Caroline Neumueller to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Arab and Islamic Studies October 2012 1 2 Abstract The dissertation focuses on the conversion experiences and individual processes of twenty-four native British Muslim converts and fifty-two native German Muslim converts, based on personal interviews and completed questionnaires between 2008 and 2010. It analyses the occurring similarities and differences among British and German Muslim converts, and puts them into relation to basic Islamic requirements of the individual, and in the context of their respective social settings. Accordingly, the primary focus is placed on the changing behavioural norms in the individual process of religious conversion concerning family and mixed-gender relations and the converts’ attitudes towards particularly often sensitive and controversial topics. My empirical research on this phenomenon was guided by many research questions, such as: What has provoked the participants to convert to Islam, and what impact and influence does their conversion have on their (former and primarily) non-Muslim environment? Do Muslim converts tend to distance themselves from their former lifestyles and change their social behavioural patterns, and are the objectives and purposes that they see themselves having in the given society directed to them being: bridge-builders or isolators? The topic of conversion to Islam, particularly within Western non-Muslim societies is a growing research phenomenon. At the same time, there has only been little contribution to the literature that deals with comparative analyses of Muslim converts in different countries.
    [Show full text]
  • In This Interview: Adam Tells Resurgence Azzam Al-Amriki June 25, 2015
    In this interview: Adam tells Resurgence Azzam al-Amriki June 25, 2015 [Please note: Images may have been removed from this document. Page numbers may have been added.] Targeting India will remain one of the Mujahideen’s priorities as long as it pursues its antagonistic policies and continues to engage in and condone the persecution, murder and rape of Muslims and occupation of their land The way forward for our persecuted brothers in Bangladesh is Da’wah and Jihad The Pakistani regime bears responsibility for the toppling of the Islamic Emirate and the occupation of Afghanistan, and its crimes are continuing unabated While in Pakistan, I and my brothers were blessed with numerous supporters who sheltered and took care of us despite the risk The Americans and their Pakistani agents almost captured me in Karachi on at least two occasions Shaykh Abu Mus’ab al-Zarqawi had the qualities of a great leader and a smile which could illuminate a city The Americans came close to martyring Shaykh Abu Mus’ab (may Allah have mercy on him) in Afghanistan, but Allah preserved him until he became America’s number one enemy in Iraq Shaykh Abu Mus’ab was a champion of unity who fought for the Ummah, and he should not be held responsible for the deviation today of some people who falsely claim to follow him and his methodology A Muslim’s blood is sacred, more sacred even than the Ka’aba, and spilling it without right is not only an act of oppression, it is the greatest sin after Kufr and Shirk The blessed raids of September 11th rubbed America’s nose in
    [Show full text]
  • AWAN Tres ABBAS
    M426 - ABBAS TEXT M/UP 18/5/06 11:40 AM Page 207 Gary Gary's G4:Users:Gary:Public:Gary's Jo CHAPTER 15 Transitional Religiosity Experiences: Contextual Disjuncture and Islamic Political Radicalism Akil N. Awan On 7 July 2005, four young indigenous British Muslims, three of Pakistani provenance and the fourth a Jamaican convert to Islam, became Britain’s first domestic suicide bombers. A fortnight later, eliciting an unsettling sense of déjà-vu, a second abortive wave of attacks on the London transport network followed, the culprits this time being British asylum seekers hailing from the troubled horn of Africa. These ‘martyrdom operations’ (as they are alluded to in the idiom of Islamist- Jihadist discourse), until now, only experienced vicariously through theatres of conflict such as Iraq and Israel, shocked us all, leaving many of us reeling at the prospect of this new threat posed by a small (but as of yet unknown) propor- tion of Britain’s 1.6 million-strong Muslim community. The events of July 2005 were exceptional only in the sense that this was the first time British Muslims had perpetrated terrorist acts of this magnitude on home soil; however, they were not entirely without precedent. British Muslims have been drawn to radical Islamism in the past and have included, inter alia, Richard Reid, the ‘shoe bomber’ of December 2001; the five members of the ‘Tipton Taliban’ captured by coalition forces in Afghanistan in January 2002; Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh, responsible for conveying US journalist Daniel Pearl to his death in Pakistan in February 2002; the group of Britons granted asylum from North African who were responsible for a failed chemical attack on the London Underground in November 2002; Asif Mohammed Hanif and Omar Khan Sharif, who con- ducted suicide bomb attacks in Tel Aviv in May 2003; and eight British Pakistanis from Luton, who were found to be in possession of a large quantity of explosive material in March 2004.
    [Show full text]
  • Thank You for Downloading This Podcast of the Report. in This Edition Linda Presley Looks at Iranian Softpower in the UK
    (00:0) Voiceover – Thank you for downloading this podcast of The Report. In this edition Linda Presley looks at Iranian Softpower in the UK. To find out more about the programme and other BBC podcasts visit the BBC Radio 4 website. (00:15) Men chanting and screaming (00:19) Linda Presley: The storming of the British embassy in Tehran last month brought relations between the UK and Iran to a new low. In response all Irans diplomats were expelled by the Foreign secretary William Hague. But Iran still has a presence here in Britain. (00:37) Woman 1: I think sometimes Iranian people living in the UK, they see the face of Iranian government really powerful in the UK aswell. (00:46) Linda Presley: And what about Press TV, the satellite TV channel funded by the Iranian Government? (00:51) Man 1: The people on Press TV, alot of them are sitting in London. They’re not all card carrying Islamists (00:58) Linda Presley: In the Report this week we explore the influence of Iranian organisations in the UK. Does Iran have soft power in Britain? And If so, what is it trying to do? (01:16)Linda Presley: If you want to know what the government of Iran is thinking, you probably wont do better than tuning in to Press TV on the sky satellite. And its here in a bland looking office block in Hanger Lane just off the A40 in West London that a production company called Press TV ltd is based. Press TV is a glossy English medium channel that comes under the umbrella of Irans state broadcaster.
    [Show full text]
  • Camus' Catch: How Democracies Can Defeat Totalitarian Political Islam
    Camus’ Catch: How democracies can defeat Totalitarian Political Islam Alan Johnson Editor’s Note: This is a version of a speech given at a conference organised by MedBridge Strategy Center, Camus: Moral Clarity in an Age of Terror, in Paris, 25 February, 2006. …the Cold War was fought with not only weapons that were military or intelligence based; it was fought through newspapers, journals, culture, the arts, literature. It was fought not just through governments but through foundations, trusts, civil society and civic organisations. Indeed we talked of a cultural Cold War – a Cold War of ideas and values – and one in which the best ideas and values eventually triumphed. And it is by power of argument, by debate and by dialogue that we will, in the long term, expose and defeat this extremist threat and we will have to argue not just against terrorism and terrorists but openly argue against the violent perversion of a peaceful religious faith. it is … necessary to take these ideas head on – a global battle for hearts and minds, and that will mean debate, discussion and dialogue through media, culture, arts, and literature. And not so much through governments, as through civil society and civic culture – in partnership with moderate Muslims and moderates everywhere – as globally we seek to isolate extremists from moderates. (Gordon Brown, British Chancellor of the Exchequer, February 13 2006) I speak today from the democratic left and, mainly, about the left. But I am seeking interlocutors from, and alliances with, the much wider set of democratic and liberal traditions represented at this conference.
    [Show full text]
  • To Download the PDF File
    Contemporary Canadian military/media relations: Embedded reporting during the Afghanistan War by Sherry Marie Wasilow Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Communication Carleton, University Ottawa, ON 2017 © 2017 Sherry M. Wasilow ABSTRACT News reporters have been sporadically attached to military units as far back as the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, but the U.S. implemented the first official and large-scale embedded program in 2003 during the Iraq War. The Canadian Forces Media Embedding Program (CFMEP) was officially implemented in 2006 during the Afghanistan War. While considerable research has been carried out on the U.S. and British embed programs and their impact on media coverage, there has been very little academic study of Canada’s CFMEP, or its impact on media coverage of the Afghanistan War. This work seeks to investigate Canadian military/media relations throughout a period of roughly 10 years during Canada’s mission in Afghanistan. In doing so, it will examine how official procedures governing media coverage – particularly embedding policy – gave shape to the war reporting received by Canadians. First, within the broader subject area of military/media relations, this study establishes the origins of embedded reporting, and Canada’s reasons for becoming involved in the Afghanistan War. Second, it weaves together academic, official (both military and government), and journalist perspectives regarding the practice and effects of embedded reporting on Canadian war reporting during the Afghanistan mission. Third, it analyzes coverage by four major media organizations of Canada’s participation in the Afghanistan War during a 10-year period: from its initial military contributions in 2001 through to the end of troop deployment in 2011.
    [Show full text]
  • THE GUANTÁNAMO BAY ORAL HISTORY PROJECT the Reminiscences of Moazzam Begg Columbia Center for Oral History Columbia University
    THE GUANTÁNAMO BAY ORAL HISTORY PROJECT The Reminiscences of Moazzam Begg Columbia Center for Oral History Columbia University 2011 PREFACE The following oral history is the result of a recorded interview with Moazzam Begg conducted by Ronald J. Grele and Kanishk Tharoor on May 30, 2011. This interview is part of the Guantánamo Bay Oral History Project. The reader is asked to bear in mind that s/he is reading a verbatim transcript of the spoken word, rather than written prose. 3PM Session One Interviewee: Moazzam Begg Location: London, United Kingdom Interviewer: Ronald J. Grele and Kanishk Tharoor Date: May 30, 2011 Q: This is an interview for the Columbia University Oral History Research Office with Moazzam Begg. The interview is being conducted in London. Today's date is May 30, 2011. This is an interview for the Columbia Oral History Research Office. Begg: My name is Moazzam Begg, I am a former Guantánamo prisoner and the director of the human rights organization Cageprisoners. Q: In the last chapter and the epilogue of the book, you talk about coming home from Guantánamo, and talk about the reception and plans for the future. How would you rewrite those chapters today? Begg: I do not know that I would rewrite the chapters about the epilogue in my book. I finish off saying that American justice in Guantánamo is an oxymoron. There are two conflicting concepts. The concept of justice in Guantánamo, I believe, has not been administered to any of the prisoners there – not the ones that have been released, not the ones who have habeas corpus petitions pending in the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Islam Channel Sanction Decision
    Ofcom Content Sanctions Committee Consideration of sanction Islam Channel Limited (“Islam Channel Ltd” against or “the Licensee”) in respect of its service Islam Channel (“the Islam Channel”). For Breaches of Ofcom’s Broadcasting Code: (“the Code”) as follows: In the transmission of the programme The Agenda with Yvonne Ridley (“The Agenda”) on the Islam Channel between 25 March 2006 and 21 April 2006; and in Politics and the Media on the Islam Channel between 27 March 2006 and 1 May 2006, breaches in relation to a total of 24 programmes of Ofcom’s Broadcasting Code (“the Code”). Rule 6.6: “Candidates in UK elections, and representatives of permitted participants in UK referendums, must not act as news presenters, interviewers or presenters of any type of programme during the election period”; In the transmission of the programme The Agenda on the Islam Channel on 28 March and 13 April 2006, two breaches of: Rule 5.5: “Due impartiality on matters of political or industrial controversy and matters relating to current public policy must be preserved on the part of any person providing a service…This may be achieved within a programme or over a series of programmes taken as a whole”; In the transmission of the programme The Agenda on the Islam Channel on 30 March 2006, a breach of: Rule 5.12: “In dealing with matters of major political and industrial controversy and major matters relating to current public policy an appropriately wide range of significant views must be included and given due weight in each programme or in clearly linked and timely programmes.
    [Show full text]
  • What Is Islamic Arts? and What Makes Art Islamic? the Example of the Islamic Discourse on Music
    What is Islamic Arts? And what makes art Islamic? The example of the Islamic discourse on music Jonas Otterbeck Professor of Islamic Studies at Lund University, Sweden This article sets out to contribute to the discussion on Islamic art. Its overall goal is to humbly offer a social science perspective on the questions “What is Islamic arts” and “What makes art Islamic.” First some historical examples on the discussion on music1 –music will be the example of Islamic art in the article– will be offered and discussed. Next, a theoretical perspective on Muslim scholarly interpretations of Islam will be discussed, followed by a section especially on Islamic arts and interpretation. The article will then return to Muslim scholarly arguments on music and discuss some interesting, present day artists’ suggestions on how to resolve difficult moral issues that are pressing when dealing with music and Islam. Finally, the article will return to the two main questions. Muslim scholars have voiced their opinions on the legal status of different kinds of music throughout history. Even though the Qur’an contains no verses (or few, depending on the interpreter, see Otterbeck & Ackfeldt, 2012) making direct references to music, the hadith collectors wrote down several traditions regarding tonal expressions with accepted chains of transmission, isnād. Several of the legal scholars, who have over time become the most prominent, have commented on music. Other scholars, less known today, but of prominence during their lifetime, have written tracts that have survived to our days. Below, I will comment on two such tracts. The texts are interesting since their authors drew very different conclusions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mysterious Case of Aafia Siddiqui
    MIL0010.1177/0305829816647120Millennium: Journal of International StudiesGentry 647120research-article2016 Article Millennium: Journal of International Studies The Mysterious Case of Aafia 2016, Vol. 45(1) 3 –24 © The Author(s) 2016 Siddiqui: Gothic Intertextual Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav Analysis of Neo-Orientalist DOI: 10.1177/0305829816647120 mil.sagepub.com Narratives Caron E. Gentry University of St Andrews, UK Abstract When Aafia Siddiqui ‘disappeared’ from her upper-middle class life in Boston in 2003 due to accusations that she was involved in al Qaeda, competing narratives from the US government, media, and her family emerged striving to convince the American public of her guilt or innocence. These narratives were rooted in a gendered form of neo-Orientalism that informed and structured the War on Terror. The narratives, of innocent Soccer Mom, nefarious Lady al Qaeda, and mentally fragile Grey lady, sought to explain how a well- educated woman could possibly be involved with a terrorist organisation. This article uses intertextual analysis to draw parallels between Gothic literature and the Siddiqui narratives. Gothic literature’s dependency upon gendered unease is particularly evident in the Siddiqui narratives, which then reveal the uncertainties within the War on Terror, particularly those related to American exceptionalism. Keywords intertextuality, gender, terrorism Through an intertextual analysis of Gothic literature this article will explore the narrative significance of Aafia Siddiqui, who is accused of plotting attacks on behalf of al Qaeda, to illustrate the gendered neo-Orientalist structure of the fraught cultural and political dynamics of the War on Terror. States, organisations, individuals and other international Corresponding author: Caron E.
    [Show full text]
  • Violent Converts to Islam: Growing Cluster and Rising Trend Jahangir E
    Chapter 8 Violent Converts to Islam: Growing Cluster and Rising Trend Jahangir E. Arasli 1 Introduction Before and since the death of Osama bin Laden, the role and place of violent Muslim converts in the context of Islamist homegrown terrorism (hereafter HGT) largely remains below the radar screen, both in the research community and in the security practitioners’ pool. Despite the exponentially growing evi- dence which suggests that converts are steadily moving from the periphery into the epicenter of HGT, conventional wisdom still treats them as a marginal, fringe phenomenon rather than as a sustained and arguably growing trend posing serious security challenges.2 This essay represents a modest attempt to help bridge the gap between outdated perceptions and existing realities vis-à- vis the (in some quarters sensitive) issue of converts. It is to be hoped that this chapter will also contribute to future shaping of the topic as an independent and important sub-discipline in the field of counterterrorism. Accordingly, the essay first touches upon the general issues of definition and terminology. Subsequently, it provides a brief historic overview and offers em- pirical data suggesting that the threat posed by violent converts is evolving to a higher level. After that, this chapter addresses the core questions, related to the personal characteristics of converts, as well as the reasons for and patterns of their conversion experience and radicalization. Finally, it analyzes practical as- pects of violent converts’ activities in the format of HGT. Given its limited scope, this essay is not aimed at covering the whole picture in a comprehensive sense.
    [Show full text]