7"MCRUP1g41 FISHERIES AND MARINE SERVICE

Translation Series_No. 3325

Deep-water inhabitants (of the lower sublittoral and bathyal) which do not r.ise.to the surface - Phylum

by K.N. Nesis

Original title: Obitateli glubin.(nizhnei sublitorali i batiali) ne podnimayu-shchiyesya k poverkhnosti - tip Ross la

From: Zoology of Invertebrates - Commercial Molluscs,_2(24,23), 1973

Translated by the Translation Bureau(NDE) Multilingual Services Division Department of the Secretary of State of Canada

Department of the Environment Fisheries and Marine Service 'Biological Station St. John's, Nfld. 1974

4 pages typescript I -..

DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT

TRANSLATION BUREAU BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS

MULTILINGUAL SERVICES DIVISION DES SERVICES DIVISION MULTILINGUES

Fr.« 3 c2i aS TRANSLATED FROM - TRADUCTION DE INTO - EN Russian English AUTHOR - AUTEUR

TITLE IN ENGLISH - TITRE ANGLAIS Deep-water inhabitants (of the lover sublitt oral and bathyal) 'which do not rise to the surface - Phylum Eossia

TITLE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE (TRANSLITERATE FOREIGN CHARACTERS) TITRE EN LANGUE ÉTRANGÉRE (TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTÉRES ROMAINS) Obitateli glubin (nizhnei sublitorali i batiali) ne podnimayu- shchiyesya k poverkhnosti - tip Rossia

REFERENCE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE (NAME OF BOOK OR PUBLICATION) IN FULL. TRANSLITERATE FOREIGN CHARACTERS. RÉFÉRENCE EN LANGUE ÉTRANGÉRE (NOM DU LIVRE OU PUBLICATION), AU COMPLET, TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTÉRES ROMAINS.

REFERENCE IN ENGLISH - RÉFÉRENCE EN ANGLAIS 'Zoology of Invertebrates - ComLercial

PUBLISHER- ÉDITEUR PAGE NUMBERS IN ORIGINAL DATE OF PUBLICATION NUMÉROS DES PAGES DANS not available DATE DE PUBLICATION L'ORIGINAL

YEAR ISSUE NO. 22, 23 VOLUME PLACE OF PUBLICATION ANNÉE NUMÉRO NUMBER OF TYPED PAGES LIEU DE PUBLICATION NOMBRE DE PAGES USSR DACTYLOGRAPHIÉES 1973 2 4

REQUESTING DEPARTMENT Environment TRANSLATION BUREAU NO. 676497 MINISTRE-CLIENT NOTRE DOSSIER NO

BRANCH OR DIVISION Fisheries Service TRANSLATOR (INITIALS) N. De. DIRECTION OU DIVISION TRADUCTEUR (INITIALES)

PERSON REQUESTING 1 4ercer DEMANDÉ PAR *

FeJl. YOUR NUMBER VOTRE DOSSIER N 0

1:14;11-u:1 DATE OF REQUEST DATE DE LA DEMANDE December 9, l9711.

sos-200-I 0-0 (REV. 2/08) 7030-21429-5333 , -.DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT TRANSLATION BUREAU . BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS

MULTILINGUAL SERVICES DIVISION DES SERVICES D ■VISION CANADA MULTILINGUES

Cliiiii'SNO. DEPARTMENT . . DIVISION/BRANCH CITY N° DU CLIENT MINISTERE DIVISION/DIRECTION VILLE Environment . Fisheries Service St.John's, Nfld

BUREAU NO. LANGUAGE . TRANSLATOR (INITIALS) NO DU BUREAU LANGUE TRADUCTEUR (INITIALES) 676497 Russian N. De. ig 27 197.5

Zoology of Invertebrates - Commercial Molluscs, 1973, . • ,, r.Q7 inro:)71'.1;3: pp. 22, 23 TRADLX:11C-N (22)* Informeion 5c-.1:1.2nve.x1 1.2.1.2.2. Deep-water inhabitants (of the lower sublittoral and bathyal)

which do not rise to the surface - Phylum Rossia

Rossia, , , , Sepiolina, Stoloteuthis,

Iridioteuthis, Nectoteuthis

These are small animais, but on the average larger than those of the

previous group. The mantle is usually firm; only in certain species (R. moelleri,

R. mollicella) is it flabby and soft to the touch. The skin is smooth, more

rarely tuberculate (e.g. R. palpebrosa). The fins as a rule are large; in

certain species (Iridioteuthis, Stoloteuthis) they are so large that the

resembles a butterfly. In the ink sac is completely reduced,

this being the only case among . All the members of this group,

except for Rossia, Austrorossia and Neorossia, have light organs. The species

of the sub-family are of uniform colour; Heteroteuthinae on the

The numbers in the right-hand margin are the pages of the Russian text - translator

SOS-200-10-31 I

2 ,

contrary are bright and variegated, especially below, and iridesce beautifully.

These live in the lower sublittoral and upper bathyal. The

Rossia and Semirossia species in the Arctic and moderate cold-water regions of

both hemispheres sometimes rise into the upper sublittoral. These species

are usually extremely eurybathic (R. pacifica has been detected at depths of

16-1350 m, R. palpebrosa at 13-1250 m), but prefer depths of over 100 m. All

the other species are strictly bathyal, primarily upper- or mid-bathyal. They

live on silt, silty sand and less frequently on sand, singly or in groups.

They swim about mostly with the help of their fins. Apparently Rossia burrow

into the ground like the Sepiola. Their basic food is probably near-bottom

crustaceans. Their method of hunting is to steal up to their prey. Migrations,

if they take place, are short. They spawn in deep water. The spermatophores

are transferred into the mantle cavity of the female. The eggs are large,

benthic and are deposited singly or in small groups, amounting to several dozen

in all. R. palpebrosa hides its eggs in the tissues of sponges, usually

Mycale, less frequently Reniera, Thenea and others; other species deposit their

eggs on rocks, shells, corals, etc. The incubation period is lengthy, the

young are benthic and there is no pelagic stage. The life span is possibly

1-2 years. The Rossia species survive quite well in aquariums. (Boletzky,

1970, 1971; Haneda, 1965; Jaeckel, 1958; Mangold-Wirz, 1963 a, b; G. Voss,

1967).

1.2.2. Benthopelagic and pelagic animals (23)

These inhabit the near-bottom layer of water, but do not usually descend

to the bottom, except during the period of oviposition. They include the

neritic squids - Loliginidae. • ■•lt , 3

1.2.2.1. Inhabitants of the coastal shallows -

Phylum Sepioteuthis

These consist of one - Sepioteuthis. In outer appearance and

ecologically they resemble , the only essential difference being

that they have no hydrostatic device (a shell) and spend their whole life

on the move. They are of average size, have a muscular body and very long

fins extending the entire length of their body. In a quiescent state they

are a semi-transparent white or bluish with vivid white or coloured spots

and stripes. The squids can easily and quite freely change their colour, and

have a protective and scaring "mask". They have no light organs.

They live in coral reefs, on growths of sea algae, as well as on

sand and shells adjacent to shore. They usually move about in small concentrations;

sometimes, especially during the reproduction period, they gather in schools.

These are active, quick and highly maneuvrable squids. They move about with

the help of a funnel and fins. These are driving and pursuing predators.

Their young devour mysids, small decapods and young fishes, while the mature

squids prey on small schooled fishes, shrimps and squids. They prefer the

largest of the prey they are able to cope with. They do not usually feed on

benthic foods. They perform short foraging and spawning migrations within

the coastal zone. Spawning takes place very close to shore; this is preceded

by ritual "tournaments" among the males and "courting". The males are larger

than the females and grow more rapidly. The spermatophores are transferred

to the buccal membrane of the female by a hectocotylized arm. The eggs are

larger than in other squids and are grouped in capsules resembling a bean

pod. The capsules are deposited in small clusters under rocks, on shells,

corals, branches of trees, blades of grass, algae, etc. The fecundity of - r

4

these squids is several hundred eggs. The period of incubation lasts 3-6

weeks. The larvae are benthopelagic and pelagic and develop rapidly. Maturity

sets in at the age of 6-12 months.