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7"MCRUP1g41 FISHERIES AND MARINE SERVICE Translation Series_No. 3325 Deep-water inhabitants (of the lower sublittoral and bathyal) which do not r.ise.to the surface - Phylum Rossia by K.N. Nesis Original title: Obitateli glubin.(nizhnei sublitorali i batiali) ne podnimayu-shchiyesya k poverkhnosti - tip Ross la From: Zoology of Invertebrates - Commercial Molluscs,_2(24,23), 1973 Translated by the Translation Bureau(NDE) Multilingual Services Division Department of the Secretary of State of Canada Department of the Environment Fisheries and Marine Service 'Biological Station St. John's, Nfld. 1974 4 pages typescript I -.. DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT TRANSLATION BUREAU BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS MULTILINGUAL SERVICES DIVISION DES SERVICES DIVISION MULTILINGUES Fr.« 3 c2i aS TRANSLATED FROM - TRADUCTION DE INTO - EN Russian English AUTHOR - AUTEUR TITLE IN ENGLISH - TITRE ANGLAIS Deep-water inhabitants (of the lover sublitt oral and bathyal) 'which do not rise to the surface - Phylum Eossia TITLE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE (TRANSLITERATE FOREIGN CHARACTERS) TITRE EN LANGUE ÉTRANGÉRE (TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTÉRES ROMAINS) Obitateli glubin (nizhnei sublitorali i batiali) ne podnimayu- shchiyesya k poverkhnosti - tip Rossia REFERENCE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE (NAME OF BOOK OR PUBLICATION) IN FULL. TRANSLITERATE FOREIGN CHARACTERS. RÉFÉRENCE EN LANGUE ÉTRANGÉRE (NOM DU LIVRE OU PUBLICATION), AU COMPLET, TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTÉRES ROMAINS. REFERENCE IN ENGLISH - RÉFÉRENCE EN ANGLAIS 'Zoology of Invertebrates - ComLercial PUBLISHER- ÉDITEUR PAGE NUMBERS IN ORIGINAL DATE OF PUBLICATION NUMÉROS DES PAGES DANS not available DATE DE PUBLICATION L'ORIGINAL YEAR ISSUE NO. 22, 23 VOLUME PLACE OF PUBLICATION ANNÉE NUMÉRO NUMBER OF TYPED PAGES LIEU DE PUBLICATION NOMBRE DE PAGES USSR DACTYLOGRAPHIÉES 1973 2 4 REQUESTING DEPARTMENT Environment TRANSLATION BUREAU NO. 676497 MINISTRE-CLIENT NOTRE DOSSIER NO BRANCH OR DIVISION Fisheries Service TRANSLATOR (INITIALS) N. De. DIRECTION OU DIVISION TRADUCTEUR (INITIALES) PERSON REQUESTING 1 4ercer DEMANDÉ PAR * FeJl. YOUR NUMBER VOTRE DOSSIER N 0 1:14;11-u:1 DATE OF REQUEST DATE DE LA DEMANDE December 9, l9711. sos-200-I 0-0 (REV. 2/08) 7030-21429-5333 , -.DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT TRANSLATION BUREAU . BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS MULTILINGUAL SERVICES DIVISION DES SERVICES D ■VISION CANADA MULTILINGUES Cliiiii'SNO. DEPARTMENT . DIVISION/BRANCH CITY N° DU CLIENT MINISTERE DIVISION/DIRECTION VILLE Environment . Fisheries Service St.John's, Nfld BUREAU NO. LANGUAGE . TRANSLATOR (INITIALS) NO DU BUREAU LANGUE TRADUCTEUR (INITIALES) 676497 Russian N. De. ig 27 197.5 Zoology of Invertebrates - Commercial Molluscs, 1973, . • ,, r.Q7 inro:)71'.1;3: pp. 22, 23 TRADLX:11C-N (22)* Informeion 5c-.1:1.2nve.x1 1.2.1.2.2. Deep-water inhabitants (of the lower sublittoral and bathyal) which do not rise to the surface - Phylum Rossia Rossia, Semirossia, Neorossia, Austrorossia, Sepiolina, Stoloteuthis, Iridioteuthis, Nectoteuthis These are small animais, but on the average larger than those of the previous group. The mantle is usually firm; only in certain species (R. moelleri, R. mollicella) is it flabby and soft to the touch. The skin is smooth, more rarely tuberculate (e.g. R. palpebrosa). The fins as a rule are large; in certain species (Iridioteuthis, Stoloteuthis) they are so large that the animal resembles a butterfly. In Neorossia caroli the ink sac is completely reduced, this being the only case among cuttlefishes. All the members of this group, except for Rossia, Austrorossia and Neorossia, have light organs. The species of the Rossiinae sub-family are of uniform colour; Heteroteuthinae on the The numbers in the right-hand margin are the pages of the Russian text - translator SOS-200-10-31 I 2 , contrary are bright and variegated, especially below, and iridesce beautifully. These animals live in the lower sublittoral and upper bathyal. The Rossia and Semirossia species in the Arctic and moderate cold-water regions of both hemispheres sometimes rise into the upper sublittoral. These species are usually extremely eurybathic (R. pacifica has been detected at depths of 16-1350 m, R. palpebrosa at 13-1250 m), but prefer depths of over 100 m. All the other species are strictly bathyal, primarily upper- or mid-bathyal. They live on silt, silty sand and less frequently on sand, singly or in groups. They swim about mostly with the help of their fins. Apparently Rossia burrow into the ground like the Sepiola. Their basic food is probably near-bottom crustaceans. Their method of hunting is to steal up to their prey. Migrations, if they take place, are short. They spawn in deep water. The spermatophores are transferred into the mantle cavity of the female. The eggs are large, benthic and are deposited singly or in small groups, amounting to several dozen in all. R. palpebrosa hides its eggs in the tissues of sponges, usually Mycale, less frequently Reniera, Thenea and others; other species deposit their eggs on rocks, shells, corals, etc. The incubation period is lengthy, the young are benthic and there is no pelagic stage. The life span is possibly 1-2 years. The Rossia species survive quite well in aquariums. (Boletzky, 1970, 1971; Haneda, 1965; Jaeckel, 1958; Mangold-Wirz, 1963 a, b; G. Voss, 1967). 1.2.2. Benthopelagic and pelagic animals (23) These inhabit the near-bottom layer of water, but do not usually descend to the bottom, except during the period of oviposition. They include the neritic squids - Loliginidae. • ■•lt , 3 1.2.2.1. Inhabitants of the coastal shallows - Phylum Sepioteuthis These consist of one genus - Sepioteuthis. In outer appearance and ecologically they resemble cuttlefish, the only essential difference being that they have no hydrostatic device (a shell) and spend their whole life on the move. They are of average size, have a muscular body and very long fins extending the entire length of their body. In a quiescent state they are a semi-transparent white or bluish with vivid white or coloured spots and stripes. The squids can easily and quite freely change their colour, and have a protective and scaring "mask". They have no light organs. They live in coral reefs, on growths of sea algae, as well as on sand and shells adjacent to shore. They usually move about in small concentrations; sometimes, especially during the reproduction period, they gather in schools. These are active, quick and highly maneuvrable squids. They move about with the help of a funnel and fins. These are driving and pursuing predators. Their young devour mysids, small decapods and young fishes, while the mature squids prey on small schooled fishes, shrimps and squids. They prefer the largest of the prey they are able to cope with. They do not usually feed on benthic foods. They perform short foraging and spawning migrations within the coastal zone. Spawning takes place very close to shore; this is preceded by ritual "tournaments" among the males and "courting". The males are larger than the females and grow more rapidly. The spermatophores are transferred to the buccal membrane of the female by a hectocotylized arm. The eggs are larger than in other squids and are grouped in capsules resembling a bean pod. The capsules are deposited in small clusters under rocks, on shells, corals, branches of trees, blades of grass, algae, etc. The fecundity of - r 4 these squids is several hundred eggs. The period of incubation lasts 3-6 weeks. The larvae are benthopelagic and pelagic and develop rapidly. Maturity sets in at the age of 6-12 months. .
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