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Political Attitudes to Conscription: 1914–1918
RESEARCH PAPER SERIES, 2016–17 27 OCTOBER 2016 Political attitudes to conscription: 1914–1918 Dr Nathan Church Foreign Affairs, Defence and Security Section Contents Introduction ................................................................................................ 2 Attitudes of the Australian Labor Party ........................................................ 2 Federal government ......................................................................................... 2 New South Wales ............................................................................................. 7 Victoria ............................................................................................................. 8 Queensland ...................................................................................................... 9 Western Australia ........................................................................................... 10 South Australia ............................................................................................... 11 Political impact on the ALP ............................................................................... 11 Attitudes of the Commonwealth Liberal Party ............................................. 12 Attitudes of the Nationalist Party of Australia ............................................. 13 The second conscription plebiscite .................................................................. 14 Conclusion ................................................................................................ -
Compulsory Voting in Australian National Elections
Parliament of Australia Department of Parliamentary Services Parliamentary Library RESEARCH BRIEF Information analysis and advice for the Parliament 31 October 2005, no. 6, 2005–06, ISSN 1832-2883 Compulsory voting in Australian national elections Compulsory voting has been part of Australia’s national elections since 1924. Renewed Liberal Party interest and a recommendation by the Joint Standing Committee on Electoral Matters that voluntary and compulsory voting be the subject of future investigation, suggest that this may well be an important issue at the next election. This research brief refers to the origins of compulsory voting in Australia, describes its use in Commonwealth elections, outlines the arguments for and against compulsion, discusses the political impact of compulsory voting and refers to suggested reforms. Scott Bennett Politics and Public Administration Section Contents Executive summary ................................................... 3 Introduction ........................................................ 4 The emergence of compulsory voting in Australia ............................. 5 Compulsory voting elsewhere ........................................... 8 Administration of compulsory voting in Australian national elections ............... 8 To retain or reject compulsory voting? ..................................... 9 Opposition to compulsory voting ......................................... 9 Support for compulsory voting .......................................... 11 The political impact of compulsory voting -
The Political Career of Senator Paddy Lynch (1867-1944)
With an Olive Branch and a Shillelagh: the Political Career of Senator Paddy Lynch (1867-1944) by Danny Cusack M.A. Presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Murdoch University December 2002 I declare that this thesis is my own account of my research and contains as its main content work which has not been previously submitted for a degree at any tertiary education institution. ……..…………………………… Danny Cusack ABSTRACT As a loyal Empire man and ardent conscriptionist, Irish-born Senator Paddy Lynch swam against the prevailing Irish Catholic Labor political current. He was one of those MP’s who followed Prime Minister W.M. Hughes out of the Federal Labor caucus in November 1916, serving out the rest of his political career in the Nationalist ranks. On the face of things, he represents something of a contradiction. A close examination of Lynch’s youth in Ireland, his early years in Australia and his subsequent parliamentary career helps us to resolve this apparent paradox. It also enables us to build up a picture of Lynch the man and to explain his political odyssey. He emerges as representative of that early generation of conservative Laborites (notably J.C. Watson, W.G. Spence and George Pearce) who, once they had achieved their immediate goals of reform, saw their subsequent role as defending the prevailing social order. Like many of these men, Lynch’s commitment to the labour movement’s principles of solidarity and collective endeavour co-existed with a desire for material self-advancement. More fundamentally, when Lynch accumulated property and was eventually able to take up the occupation which he had known in Ireland – farming – his evolving class interest inevitably occasioned a change in political outlook. -
Earle Page and the Imagining of Australia
‘NOW IS THE PSYCHOLOGICAL MOMENT’ EARLE PAGE AND THE IMAGINING OF AUSTRALIA ‘NOW IS THE PSYCHOLOGICAL MOMENT’ EARLE PAGE AND THE IMAGINING OF AUSTRALIA STEPHEN WILKS Ah, but a man’s reach should exceed his grasp, Or what’s a heaven for? Robert Browning, ‘Andrea del Sarto’ The man who makes no mistakes does not usually make anything. Edward John Phelps Earle Page as seen by L.F. Reynolds in Table Talk, 21 October 1926. Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] Available to download for free at press.anu.edu.au ISBN (print): 9781760463670 ISBN (online): 9781760463687 WorldCat (print): 1198529303 WorldCat (online): 1198529152 DOI: 10.22459/NPM.2020 This title is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). The full licence terms are available at creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode This publication was awarded a College of Arts and Social Sciences PhD Publication Prize in 2018. The prize contributes to the cost of professional copyediting. Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Cover photograph: Earle Page strikes a pose in early Canberra. Mildenhall Collection, NAA, A3560, 6053, undated. This edition © 2020 ANU Press CONTENTS Illustrations . ix Acknowledgements . xi Abbreviations . xiii Prologue: ‘How Many Germans Did You Kill, Doc?’ . xv Introduction: ‘A Dreamer of Dreams’ . 1 1 . Family, Community and Methodism: The Forging of Page’s World View . .. 17 2 . ‘We Were Determined to Use Our Opportunities to the Full’: Page’s Rise to National Prominence . -
Parliamentary Speech* Ken Inglis
Parliamentary Speech* Ken Inglis Mr Speaker "Men and women of Australia". The words are Gough Whitlam’s, beginning at Bankstown the policy speech in his victorious campaign for election. They are also John Curtin’s, campaigning in 1943 for re-election, and before that, on 8 December 1941: "Men and women of Australia. We are at war with Japan." It’s less well known they are also the words of R G Menzies, speaking earlier in the war as Prime Minister. Men and women of Australia saw and heard Whitlam’s words on television. They heard Curtin’s and Menzies’ words on the radio. Only by television and radio could a political leader address the whole nation at once, though in days before radio he might use such a form of address to them as readers of his words. When Alfred Deakin delivered his policy speech for the election of 1903 he didn’t actually use the phrase; but he did address both "the men of Australia" and "the women of Australia"; and that was the first time a national party leader would think of speaking to the women, for in 1902 women had just been given the vote. The Prime Minister or Leader of the Opposition can never use that form of address in parliament. In this building he is supposed to address only the chair: Mr Speaker in the House of Representatives, Mr President in the Senate. From 1986 to 1989, Madam Speaker. Members are not delivering addresses, as on the hustings: they are engaged in debates. I’m interpreting my brief narrowly, saying little about the words politicians speak outside This is a lightly revised version of a Senate Department Occasional Lecture given in Parliament House, Canberra, on 23 February 1996. -
'Anomalous Occurrences in Unusual Circumstances'? Towards a History
‘Anomalous Occurrences in Unusual Circumstances’? Towards a History of Extra‐ Judicial Activity by High Court Justices Fiona Wheeler* High Court of Australia Public Lecture High Court of Australia Canberra 30 November 2011 Justices, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, it is indeed a great privilege to be invited here this evening to speak in the High Court of Australia Public Lecture series, following in the footsteps, earlier this year, of my colleague and friend, Professor John Williams of the University of Adelaide. I’d like to begin by thanking the Court and its staff and to acknowledge all who have helped to make this lecture possible, especially Dr Hanna Jaireth, the Court’s Public Information Manager. Introduction – Judicial Independence and the High Court I was drawn to this topic — the history of extra‐judicial activity by High Court Justices — by two things: first, my longstanding interest as a constitutional lawyer in the independence of the judiciary from the other branches of government and secondly, by my closely related interest in the High Court of Australia itself. The independence of the judiciary from government is a fundamental principle of Australian democracy. It forms part of our common law inheritance and is embedded in Chapter III of the Australian Constitution. Its rationale is both simple and compelling. Keeping the judiciary apart from the legislature and the executive promotes public confidence in judicial impartiality which is pivotal to acceptance of * ANU College of Law, ANU. The quote in the title is from Wainohu v New South Wales (2011) 243 CLR 181, 199 (French CJ and Kiefel J) (footnote omitted). -
Selected Australian Political Records
RESEARCH PAPER SERIES, 2013–14 UPDATED 5 MARCH 2014 Selected political records of the Commonwealth Parliament Martin Lumb and Rob Lundie Politics and Public Administration Contents Introduction ................................................................................................ 6 Governor-General ....................................................................................... 6 First Governor-General..................................................................................... 6 First Australian-born Governor-General .......................................................... 6 Prime Ministers ........................................................................................... 6 First Prime Minister .......................................................................................... 6 First Leader of the Opposition .......................................................................... 6 Youngest person to become Prime Minister .................................................... 6 Oldest person to become Prime Minister ........................................................ 6 Longest serving Prime Minister ........................................................................ 6 Shortest serving Prime Minister ....................................................................... 6 Oldest serving Prime Minister .......................................................................... 6 Prime Ministers who served separate terms as Prime Minister ...................... 6 Prime Ministers who -
Earle Page and the Imagining of Australia
i “NOW IS THE PSYCHOLOGICAL MOMENT” – EARLE PAGE AND THE IMAGINING OF AUSTRALIA Stephen Leslie Wilks, September 2017 A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The Australian National University © Copyright by Stephen Leslie Wilks, 2017 All Rights Reserved ii DECLARATION This thesis contains no material that has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any tertiary institution, and, to the best of my knowledge, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference is made in the text. …………………………………………. Stephen Wilks September 2017 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This is a study of the ideas held by an intelligent, dedicated, somewhat eccentric visionary, and of his attempts to shape the young Australian nation. It challenges, I hope convincingly, misconceptions about Earle Page. It sets him in wider context, both in terms of what was happening around him and of trying to interpret the implications his career has for Australia’s history. It contributes to filling a gap in perceptions of the Australian past and may also have relevance for to-day’s political environment surrounding national development policy. Thanks foremostly and immensely to Professor Nicholas Brown of the Australian National University School of History, my thesis supervisor and main guide who patiently read and re-read drafts in order to help make this a far better thesis than it could ever have been otherwise. Thanks also to supervisory panel members Frank Bongiorno, Peter Stanley and Linda Botterill; staff and students of the ANU School of History including those in the National Centre of Biography; and Kent Fedorowich of the University of the West of England. -
Contrasting Irish-Australian Responses to Empire Danny Cusack
Contrasting Irish-Australian Responses to Empire Hugh Mahon M.H.R. and Senator Paddy Lynch Danny Cusack On 11 November 1920 Hugh Mahon, then Federal Labor M.P. for Kalgoorlie, was expelled from the House of Representatives on a motion by Prime Minister W. M. ('Billy') Hughes. He was the first and only person to be so expelled from the Federal Parliament. The pretence for Hughes' action was a speech Mahon had made a few days earlier at Richmond Reserve in Melbourne. At a public meeting to protest against the death in London's Brixton Prison ofhunger-strikerTerence McSwiney on 25 October, Mahon had proclaimed: We have met here today to express sympathy with the widow and the family of the late Lord Mayor of Cork-a man irreproachable in domestic and private life, trusted and beloved by his fellow citizens, and the chief magistrate ofan ancient and important city. What sort of a government is it that has only a felon's cell for a man of his attainments and intellectual gifts, his self-sacrifice and his patriotism? Why there never was in Russian history during the time of the most bloody and cruel Czars a government of more infamous character-to subject to a lingering and a painful death a man of the type of Terence McSweeney [sic). When we read in the papers that his poor widow sobbed over his coffin, I said: 'If there is a just God in heaven, these sobs will reach Him, and will one day swell into a volume that will shake the foundations of this bloody and infamous despotisrn.' At a Loyalty League rally in Perth some eighteen months later, Nationalist (by then ex-Labor) senator Paddy Lynch uttered these words to a very different kind of audience to the one which Mahon had addressed at Richmond: As a pure-bred Irishman, whose pedigree [goes] back to the misty realms of unrecorded things, in the days of[my] boyhood [I] had no special admiration either for the British empire or its flag.[I] went abroad in the world. -
Facts About the Federal Parliament
RESEARCH PAPER SERIES, 2018–19 10 MAY 2017 (UPDATED 7 MAY 2019) First, most and more: facts about the Federal Parliament Hannah Gobbett, Simon Speldewinde and Rob Lundie Politics and Public Administration Section Contents Abbreviations .............................................................................................. 4 Introduction ................................................................................................ 5 Governors-General ...................................................................................... 5 First Governor-General..................................................................................... 5 First Australian-born Governor-General .......................................................... 5 Governor-General serving the longest term .................................................... 5 Governor-General serving the shortest term ................................................... 5 Prime Ministers ........................................................................................... 5 First Prime Minister .......................................................................................... 5 First Leader of the Opposition .......................................................................... 5 Youngest person to become Prime Minister .................................................... 5 Oldest person to become Prime Minister ........................................................ 5 Prime Minister serving the longest term ........................................................ -
Australian Labor Party, New South Wales Branch Annual Conference, 2 - 13 June 1923
CHAPTER 7 Australian Labor Party, New South Wales Branch Annual Conference, 2 - 13 June 1923 Report in The Australian Worker This is the NSW ALP washing its dirty linen in public. Factional warfare reached a very bitter level in 1923, and this Conference is remarkable for replacing the AWU‐dominated Executive with one dominated by a group of more radical unions led by the Miners’ Federation. An enormous amount of Conference time was occupied in discussing electoral mal‐ practice allegedly overseen by the AWU. The reader will learn more about the technology of ballot boxes with sliding panels than about changes in Labor Party policies. Labor Party corruption had been one of the most important issues in the 1922 NSW election, with repeated allegations of Tammany Hall bossism, intimidation and ballot rigging. Federal MP, JH Catts, had denounced the State Executive in the Commonwealth Parlia‐ ment, while NSW parliamentary leader, James Dooley, also publicly accused the Executive of corrupt practices. The Executive responded by expelling both from the party, and imposing AWU supporter, Greg McGirr, as leader of the NSW Labor Caucus. The direct result of this infighting was intervention in the NSW Branch by the Federal Executive in April 1923. Its decision was to leave the resolution of issues to this Annual Conference, although significantly offering no support for McGirr’s leadership of Caucus. It imposed WF Dunn, Dooley’s deputy‐leader, as the interim leader of the parliamentary party. (The documents of Federal intervention are reproduced here.) The interesting question to ask is how the AWU, so strongly entrenched in power in Sussex Street, and with all the levers of factional control in its hands, could lose control of the Annual Conference. -
Votes and Proceedings
1914-15-16. THE PARLIAMENT OF THE COMMONWEALTH. No. 120. VOTES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. WEDNESDAY, 29TH NOVEMBER, 1916. 1. The Housu.m et, at three o'clock p.m., according to the terms of the Resolution of 29th September lastr. -Mr. Speaker took the Chair, and read Prayers. 2. FORMATION OF NEW MINISTRY.-Mr. Hughes informed the House that His Excellency the Governor- General, having accepted the resignation of the late Government, had commissioned him to form a new Administration, and that he had formed it as follows :- The Right Honorable William Morris Hughes, to be Prime Minister and Attorney-General; Senator the Honorable George Foster Pearce, to be Minister of State for Defence; The Honorable Jens August Jensen, to be Minister of State for the Navy; The Honorable William Webster, to be Postmaster-General; The Honorable Alexander Poynton, to be Treasurer; The Honorable William Oliver Archibald, to be Minister of State for Trade and Customs; The Honorable Frederick William Bamford, to be Minister of State for Home Affairs; Senator the Honorable Patrick Joseph Lynch, to be Minister of State for' Works and Railways; The Honorable William Guthrie Spence, to be Vice-President of the Federal Executive Council. Senator the Honorable Edward John Russell and the Honorable William Henry Laird Smith, to be Assistant Ministers. 3. MESSAGE FROM THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL.--ASSENT TO BILLS.-The following Message from His Excellency the Governor-General was presented, and the same was read by Mr. Speaker:- R. M. FERGUSON,. Governor-General. Message No. 173. The following Bills intituled:- The Solicitor-GeneralAct 1916, The Estate Duly Assessment Act 1916, The Supply Act (Works and Buildings) (No.