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Globalization and Identity Formation: a Postcolonial Analysis of the International Entrepreneur

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Globalization and Identity Formation: a Postcolonial Analysis of the International Entrepreneur University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 2-2009 Globalization And Identity Formation: A Postcolonial Analysis Of The International Entrepreneur Banu Ozkazanc-Pan University of Massachusetts - Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1 Part of the Business Administration, Management, and Operations Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Ozkazanc-Pan, Banu, "Globalization And Identity Formation: A Postcolonial Analysis Of The International Entrepreneur" (2009). Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014. 73. https://doi.org/10.7275/5648877 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1/73 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GLOBALIZATION AND IDENTITY FORMATION: A POSTCOLONIAL ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENTREPRENEUR A Dissertation Presented By BANU ÖZKAZANÇ-PAN Submitted to the Graduate School of the University Of Massachusetts Amherst in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY February 2009 Isenberg School of Management © Copyright by Banu Özkazanç-Pan 2009 All Rights Reserved GLOBALIZATION AND IDENTITY FORMATION: A POSTCOLONIAL ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENTREPRENEUR A Dissertation Presented By BANU ÖZKAZANÇ-PAN Approved as to style and content by: ____________________________ Marta B. Calás, Chair ____________________________ Linda Smircich, Member ____________________________ Dilek Çetindamar Kozano ğlu, Member ____________________________ Henry Geddes, Member ____________________________ D. Anthony Butterfield, Dean Isenberg School of Management ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation is dedicated to many people. It may ultimately be my writing and work, but many people supported me in achieving it and I would like to thank each and every one of them in making this international project possible. First, I would like to thank the TABC organization and its members in Northern California for allowing me access to their lives and their conferences. To the Turkish (and Turkish-American) entrepreneurs in Northern California and those in Turkey who were kind enough to let me interview them; I thank you very much as you’ve taught me many things about the high-tech sector and about being a researcher. To the Sinerjiturk organization for putting together such a great conference and allowing me to participate and ask many, many questions; I am truly grateful. To my friends and colleagues at or previously at the Isenberg School doctoral program at UMASS Amherst; without you, this dissertation would not be possible. Thank you for your encouragement, friendship, and support: Kristina Bourne, Michael Braun, Paul Donnelly, Carlos Gonzalez, Scott Latham, Arturo Osorio, and Sinead Ruane. To my friends Barbara, Bindu, Tam and Kimberly; your support and home are truly appreciated, thank you. To my family, mom, dad, and pezi; I thank you for believing in me and flying me to where I needed to go! To my husband, Jeff; without you, this nucleus would not exist. To my committee members, Dilek Çetindamar and Henry Geddes; thank you for your patience and guidance, as this dissertation would not be possible without you. Finally, I would like to thank two amazing women, Marta B. Calás and Linda Smircich, whose achievements in the organization studies field have been a source of inspiration, awe, and humility, and whose guidance, encouragement, and friendship have been with me since the beginning. iv ABSTRACT GLOBALIZATION AND IDENTITY FORMATION: A POSTCOLONIAL ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENTREPRENEUR FEBRUARY 2009 BANU ÖZKAZANÇ-PAN, B.A., JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY M.B.A., LOYOLA COLLEGE IN MARYLAND Ph.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST DIRECTED BY: PROFESSOR MARTA B. CALÁS In the United States, the past twenty years has witnessed a growing academic interest in understanding ‘globalization,’ i.e., a series of interconnected social, cultural, and political processes occurring under integrated economies. Management scholars have tried to understand globalization in terms of its potential consequences for companies conducting business in various countries and regions. However, globalization involves more than this, for as new relationships between people and places occur, new ideas about who they/ us are in those relationships also emerge. How can international management scholars thus understand these complex relationships occurring under globalization? How can they theorize and study such relationships? Although there are multiple ways to address these questions, the approach to globalization within U.S.-based international business and management research has been insufficient. First, meta-theoretical assumptions supporting U.S.-based management theories and practices have seldom been questioned in regards to their deployment in non-Western contexts. Second, the emphasis of this research on “cultural differences” implies “separation” and may conceal social and cultural formations established through v global relationships. Thus, alternative approaches to understanding business practices in the context of globalization are needed. To this effect, I first develop the notion of identity formation , based on poststructuralist and postcolonial theories, as a conceptual framework, in contrast with the modernist views of identity informing the extant international management literature. I suggest this notion as an appropriate focus of analysis for understanding contemporary relationships between people in the world. To demonstrate these arguments, I conduct fieldwork focused on the international entrepreneur, specifically the Turkish entrepreneur. Relying on an extended case study design and a multi-method approach, I examine how Turkish entrepreneurs in high-technology sectors in the U.S. and in Turkey engage in identity formation processes. The identity formation framework allows me to demonstrate how globalization processes occur relationally through embedded discourses of hybridity, gender, subalternity, and nation articulated by international entrepreneurs. I further address how postcolonial lenses allow for conceptualizing encounters between West and non-West occurring under globalization as a series of interdependent events at the locus of identity formation. As such, my dissertation offers a theoretically distinct conceptualization for globalization research in international management. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT .........................................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES ...............................................................................................................x CHAPTERS 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................1 State of the IM Field: Studying People and Globalization ................................5 What is Missing from International Management Research ..............................7 Analytical Framework: From Essential to Hybrid Selves ...............................10 The Self ............................................................................................................11 Knowledge .......................................................................................................13 Relationship between My Research Question and Postmodern/ Poststructuralist Assumptions ...............................................14 Identity Understood as a Process ...........................................................14 Identities are Relational .........................................................................15 Conceptualizing Identity from the ‘Non-West’ ...............................................16 Identities are Hybrid ..............................................................................18 Dissertation Outline .........................................................................................20 2. THEORIZING IDENTITY AND CULTURE: FROM INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT TO POSTCOLONIAL ANALYSES .....................................................................24 The Self in IM Scholarship ..............................................................................24 The Problem of Knowledge in IM ...................................................................26 IM Theoretical Interventions to the Problem of Representation .....................27 IM Methodological Interventions to the Problem of Representation ..............31 Why These Interventions and Critiques Are Not Enough ...............................34 3. REFRAMING INTERNATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP THROUGH POSTCOLONIAL FRAMEWORKS ..............................................................37 vii The Analytic Perspective of Homi K. Bhabha: The Hybrid Subject ...............40 The Analytic Perspective of Edward W. Said: Overturning Orientalized Cultural Representations and Giving Voice ...........................43 The Analytic Perspective of Gayatri C. Spivak: Gendered Subaltern Subjects ......................................................................46 Summary of Theoretical Perspectives .............................................................51
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