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Noxious Weed Management Pocket Guide

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Noxious Weed Management Pocket Guide Noxious Weed This brochure was created to increase Weed Control Methods awareness of noxious weeds, the What are noxious weeds? Management importance of identification, the Noxious weeds are non-native plants that dis- Preventive: Prevention is the first and, per- importance of a weed management rupt native vegetation because they have no haps, the most important step in a weed con- program, and some methods of weed natural controls and are able to adapt to varied trol program. In addition, prevention is proba- Pocket Guide control based on local, state and conditions. As a result of the Colorado Noxious bly the most cost-effective method of weed national research-based information. Weed Act, these weeds have been placed on control. Methods include: maintaining healthy three separate lists (weed names are color- pastures, using weed-free crop seed, weed- coded corresponding to the list they are on): free manure and hay, and clean harvesting How do I control weeds on and tillage equipment, as well as the elimina- tion of weed infestations in areas bordering my property? List A plants: Eliminated everywhere cropland, and in irrigation ditches and canals. 1. Identify the weeds on your property. List B plants: Spread should be stopped Cultural: Methods include, and are not lim- ited to: Establishing and managing an ade- 2. Once a weed is identified, under- List C plants: Control is recommended quate population of desirable vegetation to stand the life cycle of the weed compete with the weeds; utilizing livestock winter or summer annual (cattle, goats, sheep) when possible; mulch- biennial ing; burning; and even plastic weed barriers. simple or creeping perennial Mechanical: Methods include, and are not 3. Understand the types of controls limited to: Hand-pull, hoe, mow and tillage. Preventative ● Biological Cultural ● Chemical Biological: Biological weed control involves Mechanical Palisade Insectary - Home of Colorado’s the utilization of natural enemies for the con- 4. Develop a weed management plan Biological control program (CO Dept of Ag) trol of specific weed species. Biological weed control is never 100% effective, and can take planning saves money and Effective management occurs over time 5 to 10 years for success. However, this increases effectiveness and requires repeated exposure to control method can be successful especially when methods. After years of managing weeds Courtesy: Bob Hammon include long term monitoring to combined with other control methods. address any reinfestations. on your property, infestations should be significantly reduced enabling you to limit timing is a critical part of successful Chemical: Always read the label before efforts to the occasional, scattered plant. weed control. Regardless of which using any herbicide! Weed control with herbi- combination of control methods are cides is an effective tool for many target This brochure is not meant to be all inclusive or used, implementing those control weed species. However, there are several restrictive, but offers guidelines and recommen- aspects to consider when choosing a chemi- methods at the correct stage of dations. References for this guide are thanks cal program. These include: ID of target weed development will increase the to the following sources: weed; herbicide selection; timing of applica- chances for successful weed con- tion; desirable crops or plant species near trol in the shortest period of time, CO Dept. of Ag. - Noxious Weed Management Program http://www.colorado.gov/cs/Satellite/Agriculture-Main/CDAG/1167928159176 control areas; the number of applications per Third Edition - Sept 2013 with the least cost. year, and the number of years for treatment. CO Weed Management Association - Noxious Weed Info. Sprayer calibration methods can be obtained http://www.cwma.org/ Colorado Stale University, U.S. Department of from your local Extension office. Agriculture and Colorado Counties cooperating. (Sprayer Calibration Fundamentals) Cooperative Extension programs are available to all It takes persistence Compiled by: http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/farmmgt/05003.html without discrimination. To simplify technical John Rizza to win the Small Acreage Management Specialist terminology, trade names of products will be used. No Always add a nonionic surfactant @ 0.32 oz/ endorsement of products named is intended nor war on weeds! (970) 243-5068 Ext. 128 criticism implied of products not motioned. [email protected] gal (1qt/100 gal) unless otherwise noted. http://www.ext.colostate.edu/sam/ Bull thistle Canada thistle Musk thistle Plumeless Thistle Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Carduus nulans Carduus acanthoides L Keys to ID Keys to ID Keys to ID Keys to ID Flower heads occur in Leaves are prickly- Purple flowers form in Broad, spine-tipped clusters of 2-5, purple to hairy above and cot- clusters of 1-5 per branch. bracts located under the flower dark red in color. tony below. Floral bracts are spineless. Flowering heads are terminal, solitary, and Alternate leaves, stalk-less, Small heads, vanilla scent. usually nodding Heads cobwebby- hairy on bottom. pubescent Grows up to 6 feet tall Flowers are composite and purple Identification Identification Lifecycle: Perennial Lifecycle: Biennial, or sometimes winter annual Identification Identification Growth form: Perennial forb Growth form: Forb Flower: Flowerheads are purple and borne in clus- Flower: Heads are terminal, solitary, 1 1/2-3 in Lifecycle: Biennial Lifecycle: Biennial ters of 1-5 per branch. Heads are only about 3/4 in wide, and usually nodding. Deep rose, violet or Growth form: Forb Growth form: Forb/herb wide. June-Oct. purple, occasionally white. Flowers are subtended Flower: Solitary at the ends of branches or in Flower: Flowers are 1.5-2 in wide and clustered Seeds/Fruit: One-seeded fruits (achenes) are straw by broad, spine-tipped bracts. May-July. clusters of 2-5. Bracts appear as sharp spines. at the ends of branches. The flower bracts are or light brown, straight or slightly curved Seeds/Fruit: One-seeded oblong fruit (achene) Purplish-pink; heads are 1-2 inches in diameter somewhat tapered and covered with spines Leaves: Leaves are spiny, alternate, oblong or about 0.2 inches long, shiny, yellowish-brown with a Leaves: Alternate, stalk-less, hairy underneath, plume (pappus) of white hair-like bristles. (Whitson et al. 1996). lance-shaped, with the base leaves stalkless and coarsely lobed, basal leaves spiny. clasping, or extended down along the stem. Leaves: Alternate, dark green, deeply lobed, and Seeds/Fruit: Seeds are capped with a circle of Stems: Spiney, can reach 48” tall. Stems: Mature plants range from 2-4 ft tall. spiny margined. The leaves extend onto the stem plume-like white hairs. giving a winged appearance. Basal rosettes are Roots: Fleshy taproot. Roots: Two types of roots, horizontal and vertical. well developed, leaves elliptical to lanceolate, 6-14 Other: Plumeless thistle are distinguished from Leaves: Leaves are alternate. Bull are the only The horizontal roots produce numerous shoots, in, smooth to densely hairy. musk thistle by the leaf-like spines on stem and thistles in Colorado that are prickly hairy on the while vertical roots store water and nutrients in their hairy leaf underside; flowers are 1/3rd size of musk. top surface of the leaves. They are cottony-hairy many small branches. Stems: Mature plants can grow as tall as 6 ft. It can appear solitarily or with several stems from one on the undersides. Seedling: Early spring growth appears as rosettes Control base, and is highly branched above. Stems: In mature plants the leaves extend down, with spiny-tipped, wavy leaves. Mech: Sever roots below soil surface; mow in full Roots: Fleshy taproot clasping the stem and are divided into segments Other: The floral bracts are spineless. bloom and dispose of flowering heads-seeds can (i.e. strongly decurrent). Control mature after plant is cut. Monitor and retreat as Control necessary to prevent reoccurrences. Mech: Mowing can be effective if done every 10 to Mech: sever the root below the soil surface. Mowing Control Bio: Seedhead weevil (Larinus minutus). Mech: sever the root below the soil surface 21 days throughout the growing season. is most effective when plants are at full-bloom. Bio: Urophora stylata, a fly predator, can be Bio: Cattle, goats, and sheep will graze when plants Bio: seed head weevil and the crown weevil are effective on large infestations. used to help control this thistle. are young and succulent in the spring. HERBICIDE RATE TIMING HERBICIDE RATE TIMING HERBICIDE RATE TIMING HERBICIDE RATE TIMING Aminopyralid 5 fl. oz./acre Spring rosette to Aminopyralid 5 fl. oz./acre Spring rosette to Aminopyralid 5-7 oz./acre Apply to rosettes in Aminopyralid 5-7 ounces/acre Spring at the pre-bud (Milestone) early bolting or in (Milestone) early bolting or in (Milestone) 1 tsp/gal water spring or fall. (Milestone) growth stage and/or to 1 tsp/gal water fall to rosettes. 1 tsp/gal water fall to rosettes. 1 t./gal water fall regrowth. Dicamba (Banvel, 1 qt./ acre Apply to rosettes in Metsulfuron 1 oz. product/acre Spring from bolting Metsulfuron 1 oz. product/acre Spring from bolting Vanquish, or Clarity) spring or fall Chlorsulfuron 1-3 ounces/acre Spring during bud to (Escort XP) to bud stages. (Escort XP) to bud stages. 1oz./gal water (Telar DF) bloom stage and/or to 0.50 gr. / gal water 0.50 gr. / gal water fall regrowth. 0.50 gr. / gal water 2,4-D or 1 qt./acre Apply from bolting to Chlorsulfuron 1 oz. product/acre Spring from rosette Chlorsulfuron 1 oz. product/acre Spring from rosette Clopyralid + 3 pints/acre Apply from rosette to 2,4-D + dicamba bud stages in spring. (Telar) through early (Telar) through early (Rangestar) 1 oz/gal water 2,4-D bud stage when all 1.25 oz / gal water 0.50 gr.
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