ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 TH Study Guide Please Read The Summary Chapter 45 Pages: 1323­1362 Suspension Systems 98 Points Before We Begin…

Keeping in mind the Career Cluster of Transportation , Distribution & Logistics

Ask yourself:

What careers might be present in this slide series?

What careers might interest me?

How do these careers relate to my other high school classes?

What career cluster is my 4­year plan preparing me for? ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 1. Suspension systems support the ______of the vehicle, keep the ______in contact with the road, maintain correct vehicle ______& proper ______and reduce the effects of forces as the vehicle travels on irregular surfaces.

Chassis, , Curb Height, Alignment ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 2. Vehicles can have either body ­ over­ ______construction or be ______construction.

Frame, Plastibody Frame, Unibody Underbody, Framework ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems

3. Springs can be of either the ______, ______bar, ______, or air type.

Coil, Unwound, Wound Coil, Torsion Bar, Leaf Coil, Torsion Joint, Leak ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 4. The amount of deflection under a certain load is known as ______.

Spring Time Spring Jounce Spring Rate ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 5. ______is the term used to describe a spring compressing as a and wheel moves upward.

Jounce Rebound Pounce ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 6. ______is the term used to describe a spring extending as a tire and wheel moves downward.

Jounce Rebound Pounce ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems

7. A ______dampens or slows the spring motion during jounce & rebound.

Control Arm Sway Bar ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 8. All of the vehicle’s weight supported by the suspension is known as ______weight. The more sprung weight a vehicle has, the better it’s ride will be. (springs under shocks on ) sprung weight: weight of the vehicle that loads the suspension. Sprung Weight Equal to the overall weight minus the unsprung weight. Unsprung Weight Gross Weight ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems

9. The vehicle’s weight not supported by the springs is known as_____ weight.

Sprung Weight Unsprung Weight Gross Weight ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 10. Coil springs can be either ______rate (same shape & same wire) or ______rate.

Linear, Variable Fixed, Variable Taxable, Variable ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 11. In variable rate springs, inactive, transitional, and active coils have the ability to ______or bottom out within each other without touching, lessening the space needed to store the spring.

Nest Best Rest ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 12. Leaf springs may be either ______leaf, ______, or ______.

Multi­Leaf, Monoleaf, Fiber Composite Single Leaf, Oak Leaf, Nylon Stacked Leaf, Monoleaf, Nylon ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 13. A ______pin is frequently used to ensure proper rear location on leaf springs.

Centering or Aligning Offset Inset ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 14. A ______secures the main leaf in a spring set to the frame allowing fore & aft movement.

Spring Rubber Shackle ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 15. Some leaf springs are ______mounted.

Transverse Inverse Reverse ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 16. Fiber composite leafs made of ______and polyester resins weigh only 8­10 pounds.

Nylon Fiberglass Carbon Fiber ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems Note: Fiber composite springs do not sag with age as all springs do. This maintains ride height. ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 17. Air/electronic springs, located in the same places as coils, can provide a 1/3 ______ride.

Harder Smoother More Controllable ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 18. Torsion bars, often described as straightened out coils, have one end anchored to the ______and the other end anchored to the lower control arm. Think of torsion as twisting along an axis.

Unibody Frame Cradle ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 19. Torsion bars are ______(right or left) because they are pre­ stressed for fatigue strength. They are also able to be adjusted to change ride height.

Directional Interchangeable Transverse ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems Note: Torsion bars take up little space and they are adjustable to change height. ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 20. Shock absorbers are ______­sensitive, ______dampening devices.

http://www.adina.com/PROB06­small.gif

Velocity, Hydraulic Speed, Pneumatic Adjustment, Electric ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 21. A shock absorber works on the principle of ______displacement on both jounce & rebound.

Air Electricity ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 22. Angle mounting of shocks dampens both ______& ______torque.

Decelerating & Stopping Accelerating & Braking Cornering & Straight Line ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 23. Since aerated oil is compressible, it can cause a skip in shock operation. ____­______shocks have an internal nitrogen cell or bag to eliminate foaming and aeration of the shock oil. The nitrogen chamber in a gas­charged shock may be pressurized to 25 times atmospheric psi.

Gas­Charged Air­Charged Water­Charged ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 24. Air shock systems can be either ______fill or automatic ______­______.

Automatic, Load­Compensating Manual, Load­Leveling ECM, Load­Sensing ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems

25. Some shock absorber jounce : rebound ratio or dampening rates are adjustable. True or False ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 26. Most suspensions have a ______bar to reduce . They are also known as ______bars or stabilizer bars. Used on both the front and rear suspension systems, the differ in diameter.

Sway, Antisway Tracking, Sway Damper, Sway ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 27. Stabilizer ______& sway bar ______attach sway bars to the control arms & frame.

Bushings, Links Shocks, Kinks Dampers, Rubbers ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 28. ______, are fastened from lower control arms to the frame limit forward & backward movement of lower control arms that don’t make use of the “A” shape.

Strut Rods Mounts Strut Pivots ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 29. Suspension ______are used as rubber­mounted pivots that absorb road shock as they twist.

Dampers Limiters Bushings ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 30. Use only ______­based lubricants on bushings, petroleum­based lubes will deteriorate them.

Vasoline Silicone Water ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems Note: Many suspension components have rubber or polyurethane bushings to absorb road shock. ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems

Note: As bushings go, the word compliance means “give” or movement in the soft component. ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 31. MacPherson struts contain a ______, ______suspension pivot or mount, & ______absorber.

Spring, Lower, Shock Spring, Upper, Shock Spring, Upper, Static ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 32. ______MacPherson suspensions have a mounted separately, not concentrically.

Standard Hybrid Modified ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 33. ______do the dampening function of a shock, locate the spring & the suspension position.

Struts Shocks Bushings ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 34. MacPherson strut suspensions eliminate the ______ball joint and upper ______arm.

Upper, Control Lower, Control Upper, Tracking ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 35. The upper strut ______or bearing plate is the load­carrying member of these suspensions.

Mount Bushing Pivot ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 37. On a modified MacPherson suspension, the lower ______is the load carrying member and the upper mount is the component.

Tie Rod Steering Knuckle ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems

In “double­wishbone style, the strut is not subjected to the side loads generated by braking, cornering, and accelerating. ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems In “double­wishbone style, the dampening is done by the strut & the stability is done by the control arms. Since duties are not shared, the strut can do its job & the control arms can do their job…”specialization”

Increased Stability Better ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 38. The ______­______arm, systems maintain tire­to­road contact throughout jounce & rebound. They are often called SLA, A­frame, or double­wishbone suspensions.

Short­Long Short­Person Short­Change ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 39. A narrow lower control arm is fitted with a ______to control fore & aft movement.

Note: The upper strut mount is not a pivot in this system

Strut Cartridge Strut Link Strut Rod ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 40. The steering ______and wheel ______are often forged into a single component.

Knuckle, Fist Knuckle, Spindle Knuckle, Arm ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 41. Upper and lower ______arms or A­frames have inner pivots to allow up & down movement.

Control Tracking Ackerman ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 42. A ______connects the steering knuckle to the control arm, allowing the knuckle to pivot on the control arm during steering.

Tie Rod Ball Joint Steering Damper ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 43. Ball joints are either ______­carrying or are ______. The load­carrying ball joint generally mounts on the control arm that holds the bottom of or “seats” the spring.

Load, Followers Load, Leaders Load, Slackers ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems

To determine the load­carrying ball joint, follow the load from the road through to the bottom of the spring & the frame ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems

44. Load carrying ball joints are also classified as either ______or ______­ loaded, depending upon how the force of the load tends to either push on or pull on the joint to keep it in its socket. Follower ball joints are said to be ­loaded.

Tension, Compensation Tension, Compression Tension, Torsion ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 45. Some load carriers have ______indicators built into them. If flushed or recessed with a load on, it means they need replacement. Follower joints should have absolutely no play in them.

Bear Wear Rear ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 46. To optimize ride quality & movement some vehicles use the ______­ ______suspension.

Double Wishbone

Double ­ Wishbone Triple ­ Tilde Plain MacPherson Strut Quadra ­ Steer ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 47. During a bounce test, a shock or strut should only oscillate about ____ cycles & then settle.

Once Two Thrice ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 48. Measuring ______height (also called curb height, trim height & ride height) at specific points on each corner & side of the suspension can help determine if springs are broken, sagging, or in need of replacement. **Remember to replace springs in pairs and that some may be position­specific.

Chassis Fender Roof ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 49. Heavy duty work of coil spring removal & installation requires a special spring ______.

Compressors Depressors Arrestors ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 50. A ball joint must be ______and moved with a pry bar to properly check it for looseness.

Unloaded Loaded Loosened ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 51. Some wear tolerances for ball joints are so small, a dial ______must be used to check them for looseness or play. Ball joints should be checked for both axial & radial play or movement.

Caliper Indicator Bore Gauge ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 52. ______play is measured at a right angle to the joint centerline. ______play is measured with a dial indicator on the same axis as the centerline of the ball joint. (aka: lateral)

Radial Axial Radial, Axial Radical, Axial Radial, Axis of Evil ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 52. ______play is measured at a right angle to the joint centerline. ______play is measured with a dial indicator on the same axis as the centerline of the ball joint. (aka: lateral)

Radial, Axial Radical, Axial Radial, Axis of Evil ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 53. Wear indicator ball joints (most often load carriers) must remain ______to check for wear.

Unloaded Loaded Greased ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 54. Ball joints are mounted to control arms in one of four basic ways: ______, ______, press­fit, and threaded into the control arms. A very common mounting method is press­fit.

Rivets, Bolts Screws, Nails Pins, Brackets ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 55. Alignment should be performed after MacPherson strut, spring or ball joint service. True or False ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 56. Control arm ______are pressed in & out of their bores with special tools. There may also be bushings on strut rods and sway bars.

Bushings Eccentrics Insulators ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 57. ______malfunction can cause steering & handling problems, braking that is not smooth, excessive bouncing after stops, cupped wear patterns on tires & spring bottoming.

Control Arm Ball Joint Shock Absorber ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 58. A shock absorber can be _____ tested for lag, skip, or seizing at any point.

Shock Abosrber Bounce Test

Bench Hammer Torch ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 59. Replacing MacPherson strut components requires the use of a strut ______.

Compressor Depressor Agressor ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 60. Rear suspension systems may be either ______­axle, ______­independent, or independent.

Live, Semi­Independent, Independent ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 61. Rear suspension systems most often use either ______or ______springs.

Coil, Air Coil, Leaf Torsion Bar, Leaf ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 62. The axle housing is connected to leaf springs with ____­bolts.

shackle

U ­ Bolts

T­Bolts U­Bolts W­Bolts ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 63. The rear spring eye is held to the frame with a ______to allow fore & aft spring movement as it jounces & rebounds. Axle tramp on acceleration causes poor traction.

shackle

U ­ Bolts

Sheckle Shackle Heckle ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 64. Rear coil spring suspensions must have ______arms, trailing arms or links to limit lateral movement as well as to control accelerating and braking torque.

Control Tracking Stabilizer ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 65. A ______bar may be used to help reduce sideways (lateral) movement of the rear axle.

Tracking Sway Haltenberger

ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 66. When servicing a semi­independent rear suspension, never remove both ______absorbers at the same time. hoses, lines, cables could be damaged and coil springs will fly out at you!

Shock Awe Rock ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 67. Rear strut suspensions can use either MacPherson or ______struts. *These struts are not load carriers and do not have upper pivots needed for steering.

Chapman Hader Ackerman ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 68. Some rear suspensions use ______mounted multiple or mono­leafs.

Transverse Reverse Diagonal ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 69. When servicing rear coil springs, service _____ coil at a time, but replace the springs in ______.

One, Pairs One, Fall One, Winter ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 70. Electronically controlled suspensions may be either ______or ______.

Transverse, Longitudinal Active, Passive Integral, Separate ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 71. ______suspensions use electronic shock absorbers with variable valving.

Transverse Active Integral ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 72. ______regulates the flow of ­rheological fluid, by a variable magnetic field produced by a small electric coil mounted inside the shock, that changes from a fluid to a semi­solid instantly & directly proportional to the magnetic field applied to it. Response time is 5mSec.

Transverse, Longitudinal Magnaride® Integral, Separate ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems 73. Sensors on systems include a: ______angle sensor, ______sensor, lateral acceleration sensor, and a G­sensor. *These systems can also control squat on acceleration.

Transverse, Longitudinal Steering, Roll Integral, Separate ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems During acceleration, the front of the vehicle lifting & the rear of the vehicle lowering is known as “squat”. Active suspensions can limit squat. ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems

http://competitionx.com/ ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems Front Suspension with Torsion Bar Springs

Credit: Motor Manufacturing ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems Coil­Spring Front Suspension ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems MacPherson Strut Front Suspension ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems

Camber Caster ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems Camber Caster

Inward – Outward Tilt of the Tire Forward ­ Rearward Tilt of the Steering Axis As Viewed from the Front of the Vehicle As Viewed from the Side of the Vehicle ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems

Scragging is the process of subjecting the spring to a load greater than that which will be experienced in service. This ensures that the spring steel has yielded and adopted permanent curvature. ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems ATASA 5 th Suspension Systems