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Organización De Los Estados Americanos Misión De ORGANIZACIÓN DE LOS ESTADOS AMERICANOS MISIÓN DE OBSERVACIÓN ELECTORAL ELECCIONES GENERALES SURINAME 25 DE MAYO DE 2020 INFORME FINAL ÍNDICE I. INFORME FINAL PARA EL CONSEJO PERMANENTE ..................................................................... 3 A. INTRODUCCIÓN .............................................................................................................................. 3 B. FASE PREELECTORAL .................................................................................................................... 5 Reforma electoral ............................................................................................................................. 5 Sistema electoral............................................................................................................................... 5 Organización electoral ..................................................................................................................... 6 Impacto de COVID-19 ....................................................................................................................... 7 Acceso para comunidades indígenas ............................................................................................... 8 C. DÍA DE LAS ELECCIONES ............................................................................................................... 8 D. FASE POSTELECTORAL ............................................................................................................... 11 E. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES ................................................................................... 15 i. Sistema e instituciones electorales ............................................................................................... 15 ii. Organización electoral ................................................................................................................... 16 iii. Tecnología electoral ....................................................................................................................... 17 iv. Justicia electoral ............................................................................................................................. 19 v. Financiamiento de partidos políticos ........................................................................................... 21 vi. Participación política de mujeres ................................................................................................. 22 vii. Participación política de comunidades indígenas ....................................................................... 23 F. AGRADECIMIENTOS ..................................................................................................................... 24 II. ANEXOS – INFORMES POR ÁREA (disponibles solamente en Inglés) .................................... 25 i. ORGANIZACIÓN ELECTORAL ........................................................................................................ 25 ii. TECNOLOGÍA ELECTORAL ............................................................................................................ 45 iii. JUSTICIA ELECTORAL .................................................................................................................... 57 iv. FINANCIAMIENTO DE PARTIDOS POLÍTICOS ............................................................................. 70 v. PARTICIPACIÓN POLÍTICA DE MUJERES ..................................................................................... 76 INTEGRANTES DE LA MISIÓN .............................................................................................................. 86 2 I. INFORME FINAL PARA EL CONSEJO PERMANENTE1 A. INTRODUCCIÓN El lunes 25 de mayo de 2020 se celebraron en la República de Suriname elecciones para un nuevo mandato quinquenal de los 51 miembros de la Asamblea Nacional, los 118 miembros de los Concejos de Distrito y los 772 miembros de los Concejos Locales. El Padrón Electoral para las elecciones incluyó 383.333 votantes registrados en 10 distritos electorales. Diecisiete partidos políticos participaron en las elecciones. A través de una nota diplomática enviada al Secretario General de la Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA), fechada el 19 de junio de 2019, el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Suriname invitó a la OEA a enviar una Misión de Observación Electoral (MOE) con el cometido de observar las Elecciones Generales. El Secretario General aceptó la invitación el 28 de junio de 2019 y confirmó que la Organización desplegaría una Misión de Observación Electoral en caso de contar con los recursos financieros a esos efectos. La declaración de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) del 11 de marzo de 2020, de que el brote viral emergente de COVID-19 constituía una pandemia,2 promovió deliberaciones adicionales entre Suriname y la OEA con respecto a la misión propuesta. En todo el hemisferio los gobiernos habían implementado medidas encaminadas a proteger a sus poblaciones frente a la infección, tales como la clausura de sus aeropuertos, espacios aéreos y fronteras. Suriname había cerrado su propio aeropuerto internacional el 14 de marzo de 2020. Como consecuencia no se disponía de vuelos comerciales regulares, lo que representaba un considerable desafío para el despliegue de una Misión. Dada la incertidumbre imperante con respecto al virus se suscitaron también preocupaciones con respecto a la posibilidad de que miembros de la Misión se vieran expuestos al COVID-19; en el momento en que esos temas se estaban considerando, a fines de abril de 2020, las autoridades de Suriname habían dado a conocer diez casos confirmados de COVID-19, con un deceso. Los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades con base en los Estados Unidos (CDC, por sus siglas en inglés) también habían asignado a Suriname una Alerta Sanitaria de Viajes de nivel 3 y habían recomendado evitar los viajes no esenciales. Tras una serie de intercambios de comunicaciones, la OEA y las autoridades de Suriname acordaron una serie de pautas para el despliegue de la Misión, buscando garantizar condiciones seguras para el viaje y la labor de sus miembros, así como para las personas con las que ellos estarían en contacto en Suriname. El marco jurídico de trabajo de la Misión se estableció ulteriormente en un mutuo Acuerdo sobre Privilegios e Inmunidades suscrito por el Gobierno de Suriname y la Secretaría General de la OEA el 14 de mayo de 2020, en Washington DC, antes del envío de la Misión. 1 Presentado al Consejo Permanente de la Organización de los Estados Americanos el 14 de julio de 2021 por el Jefe de Misión Sr. Gonzalo Koncke. 2 Organización Mundial de la Salud, publicación de Twitter, 11 de marzo de 2020, http://twitter.com/OMS/status/1237777021742338049. 3 Análogamente se suscribió un Acuerdo sobre Acceso Electoral entre la Misión, el Gobierno de Suriname y la Comisión Electoral Independiente (CEI)3 de Suriname el 23 de mayo de 2020, en Paramaribo, a la llegada de la Misión. Fue ésta la octava ocasión en que la OEA estuvo presente en un proceso electoral en Suriname.4 Composición y metodología de la Misión de Observación Electoral La Misión de Observación Electoral de la OEA para las Elecciones Generales de mayo de 2020 en Suriname fue encabezada por el Jefe de Gabinete del Secretario General de la OEA, Sr. Gonzalo Koncke, e integrada también por trece expertos de ocho países, tres de los cuales proporcionaron su respaldo en forma remota. Por tratarse de la primera Misión de Observación Electoral desplegada en las Américas después de la declaración de la pandemia de COVID-19, la Misión adoptó un enfoque innovador para asegurar que estuviera en condiciones de cumplir eficazmente su mandato, teniendo en cuenta, al mismo tiempo, las condiciones especiales imperantes. La OEA empleó una metodología dual de observación, tomando contacto en forma virtual con los actores nacionales antes de llegar a Paramaribo y manteniendo reuniones en persona en el terreno. Para todas las reuniones presenciales se adoptaron medidas de precaución, que incluyeron el uso de equipo de protección personal y el distanciamiento social. Todos los miembros de la Misión cumplieron las medidas sanitarias preceptuadas por el Gobierno, incluidas dos pruebas de COVID-19 durante su estadía en Suriname. La labor de la Misión se centró en aspectos clave del proceso electoral, incluidos organización y tecnología electoral, justicia electoral, financiamiento político y participación política de las mujeres. Los miembros de la Misión analizaron también las medidas adoptadas conforme a las recomendaciones formuladas por la Misión de 2015 de la OEA. El día de las elecciones, los diez miembros de la Misión presentes en Suriname observaron la votación en siete de los diez distritos del país. La Misión realizó un seguimiento completo del proceso postelectoral –en especial la recepción y consolidación de resultados por las diferentes autoridades electorales– hasta su partida, el 3 de junio de 2020. Dos días después de las elecciones generales, el miércoles 27 de mayo de 2020, la Misión emitió un Informe Preliminar con sus principales conclusiones y recomendaciones.5 El martes 2 de junio de 2020, antes de su partida, la Misión emitió una declaración adicional,6 3 Por sus siglas en holandés – Onafhankkelijkk Kiesbureau. 4 La OEA llevó a cabo misiones anteriores para las elecciones generales de 1987, 1991, 1996, 2000, 2005, 2010 y 2015. 5 "Misión de Observación Electoral de la OEA concluye trabajo de campo en
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