Proposed Land Management Plan for the Idaho Panhandle National

Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

APPENDIX F Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Appendix F: Species of Concern and Species of Interest – Idaho Panhandle National Forest...... 1 Introduction ...... 1 Ecological sustainability...... 1 Step 1: Identification of species...... 2 Step 2: Screening Species of Concern and Species of Interest for Further Consideration in the Planning Process ...... 14 Results of Initial Screening...... 16 Further Screening – Information collection...... 17 Species of Concern brought forward for Further Analysis...... 29 Species of Interest brought forward for Further Analysis ...... 29 Step 3: Grouping Species and Selecting Surrogate Species...... 32 Step 4: Plan Components for Species Diversity ...... 41 Step 5: Evaluation of Plan Components on Species Diversity ...... 44 Appendix F: Species of Concern and Species of Interest – Kootenai National Forest ...... 45 Introduction ...... 45 Ecological sustainability...... 45 Step 1: Identification of species...... 46 Step 2: Screening Potential Species of Concern and Species of Interest for Further Consideration in the Planning Process...... 58 Results of Initial Screening...... 60 Further Screening – Information collection...... 60 Species of Concern brought forward for Further Analysis...... 70 Species of Interest brought forward for Further Analysis ...... 70 Step 3: Grouping Species and Selecting Surrogate Species...... 73 Step 4: Plan Components for Species Diversity ...... 82 Step 5: Evaluation of Plan Components on Species Diversity ...... 84 Terms and Abbreviations...... 85 Global and State Ranks from NatureServe and Montana Ranks from the Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy...... 86 Literature Cited...... 87 Literature Reviewed...... 88

Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Appendix F: Species of Concern and Species of Interest – Idaho Panhandle National Forest

Introduction This report documents the identification and selection of species of concern and species of interest by the Forest Supervisor for the Idaho Panhandle National Forests for the Proposed Land Management Plan.

The Idaho Panhandle National Forest is responsible for the management of approximately 2.5 million acres. The majority of the land administered by the Forest is located in Bonner, Boundary, Benewah, Kootenai, and Shoshone counties, Idaho with small portions in Latah and Clearwater Counties, Idaho; Pend Oreille County, Washington; and Sanders and Lincoln Counties, Montana. The forest is bordered on the north by Canada, on the west by the Colville National Forest, on the east by the Kootenai National Forest and on the south by the Clearwater National Forest. Coordination with representatives of the various adjacent forests has occurred during this analysis process.

Ecological sustainability The National Forest Management Act (NFMA) requires land management plans to provide for diversity of plant and animal communities based on the suitability and capability of the land areas while meeting overall multiple use objectives. The 2005 planning rule and associated Forest Service Directives (FSH 1909.12, Chapter 40) specify how to meet this diversity requirement. A hierarchical approach that assesses both Ecosystem Diversity (section 43.1) and Species Diversity (section 43.2) is used in the Idaho Panhandle Proposed Land Management Plan.

The initial focus of the assessment process is on ecosystem diversity, both in addressing the needs of healthy, diverse, and resilient ecosystems within the plan area, and in determining the extent to which maintaining ecosystem diversity will also maintain populations of plant and animal species within their ranges in the plan area. Ecosystem diversity is defined as the variety and relative extent of ecosystem types including their composition, structure, and processes. An assumption relative to terrestrial animals is that ecosystem diversity will maintain habitat for the persistence of the vast majority of species. This has often been referred to as the “coarse filter” conservation approach. For the Idaho Panhandle, a coarse filter ecosystem diversity evaluation was used to compare existing vegetation communities to a set of reference conditions in order to evaluate changes in disturbance regimes and ecological communities. See Appendix B of the CER (Range of Variability) for a complete description of the process used. Based on the results of this evaluation, proposed forest plan components were developed to maintain or move vegetation communities towards a desired level or condition.

A complementary approach (species diversity) to the ecosystem diversity analysis was used for those species for which ecological conditions necessary to sustain populations may not be provided by maintaining ecosystem diversity. In these cases, a species-specific approach was used in the analysis and for the establishment of plan components (where necessary). The assessment of individual species is often referred to as the “fine-filter” approach. Forest Service directives associated with the 2005 Planning Rule provide guidelines for conducting species sustainability assessments. The focus in this analysis is on species that are of regional or local conservation

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-1 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest concern as indicated by documented threats to populations or habitats. Native terrestrial vertebrates and invertebrates known to occur on land administered by the Kootenai National Forest were considered.

Criteria in the USDA Forest Service planning directives were used as the basis for identification of species to include in the species diversity analysis (FSH 1909.12 Chapter 43.2; Effective Date 1/09/2006).

Specifically species included are: • Species listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act • Species of concern • Species of interest

A five step approach was used in the assessment for species of concern and species of interest: 1. Identification of species. 2. Screening of species of concern and species of interest for further consideration in the planning process. 3. Grouping species where possible and, if necessary, selecting surrogate species. 4. Determining plan components for species diversity. 5. Evaluation of plan components on species diversity.

Step 1: Identification of species

Species known to occur on the Forests For each of the criteria identified below for identification of threatened and endangered species and species of concern and species of interest, only those species known to occur on the Forest were considered. A list of vertebrate wildlife species known to occur on the KIPZ was completed for the AMS. For vertebrate species, an inventory was compiled using historical records, national forest, state, county and internet databases. Very little information is available on the Forest for terrestrial invertebrates. To obtain known occurrences of terrestrial invertebrates (mollusks), representatives from the states of Montana and Idaho provided a list of species and locations (Montana Natural Heritage Program and Idaho Conservation Data Center). The species list for the Forest was compared to other species lists recently compiled for large scale analyses, such as the Kootenai River Sub-basin Assessment and the Canadian Rockies Ecoregional Assessment. Dan Casey with the Montana Natural Heritage Program reviewed the list of bird species for the KNF and helped with occurrence data. During this analysis process, additional species were identified as having known occurrences or observations on the IPNF and were added to the IPNF list.

Sources used in compiling this information includes (but is not limited to) the following:

Montana Natural Heritage Program. Available at http://nhp.nris.state.mt.us.pdf Idaho Conservation Data Center and Idaho Fish and Game. Available at http://fishandgame.idaho.gov.pdf Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Available at http://www.fwp.state.mt.us.pdf NatureServe. Available at http://www.NatureServe.org.pdf USFWS birds of conservation concern national priority list. Available at http://migratorybirds.fws.gov.pdf Northern Region sensitive species list. http://fsweb.r1.fs.fed.us/wildlife/wwfrp.pdf

F-2 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Coordination with the Regional Office and zone revisions forests (Western Montana Planning Zone and Clearwater/Nez Perce) occurred during this analysis.

Federally Listed Species The Forest Service has a legal requirement to maintain or improve habitat conditions for threatened, endangered, and proposed species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Species listed under the ESA fall into one of four categories based on viability concerns: threatened, endangered, proposed, or candidate. Species covered under ESA are those listed by the Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service as threatened or endangered. Under FSH 1909.12 43.22b, species listed as candidate or proposed under the ESA are included as potential species of concern. At the present time there are no ESA listed proposed or candidate terrestrial wildlife species.

Table F-1 displays the threatened and endangered species on the IPNF.

Table F-1 Threatened and Endangered Species Species common name Scientific name Status Wildlife Gray wolf Canis lupus Threatened and experimental/non essential Bald eagle Haliaeetis leucocephalus Threatened Canada lynx Lynx canadensis Threatened Grizzly bear Ursus arctos horribilis Threatened Woodland caribou Rangifer tarandus caribou Endangered Fish Kootenai River white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus Endangered

Bull trout Salvelinus confluentus Threatened Plants Water howellia Howellia aquatilis Threatened Spalding’s campion Silene spaldingii Threatened

Species of concern and species of interest Table F-2 displays the criteria used in the identification and selection of species of concern and species of interest, as directed in FSH 1909.12 (sections 43.22 b and c).

Table F-2 Criteria for Identifying Species to be Considered for Species of Concern and Species of Interest Species of concern Criteria Species of interest Criteria 1) Species identified as proposed and candidate 1) Species with ranks of S-1, S-2, N1, or N2 on the species under the ESA. NatureServe ranking system. Those species ranked as S1/S2 in the Idaho Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy were also included. 2) Species with ranks of G-1 through G-3 on the 2) State listed threatened and endangered species Natureserve ranking system that do not meet the criteria as species of concern.

3) Infraspecific (subspecific) taxa with ranks of T-1 3) Species identified as Species of Greatest through T-3 on the Natureserve ranking system. Conservation Concern in State Comprehensive Wildlife Strategies. Tier 1 species identified as species of greatest conservation need in the Idaho Comprehensive Fish and Wildlife Conservation Strategy were included.

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-3 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Species of concern Criteria Species of interest Criteria 4) Species that have been petitioned for federal 4) Bird species on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife listing and for which a positive “90 day finding” has Service Birds of Conservation Concern (BCC) been made (a 90 day finding is a preliminary National Priority List. Species listed for Bird finding that substantive information was provided Conservation Region 10 were included. indicating that the petition listing may be warranted and a full status review will be conducted). No species were identified. 5) Species that have been recently delisted (these 5) Additional species that valid, existing information include species delisted within five years and other indicates are of regional or local conservation delisted species for which regulatory agency concern due to factors that may include: a) monitoring is still considered necessary). significant threats to populations or habitat, b) declining trends in populations or habitat, c) rarity, or d) restricted ranges (for example, narrow endemics, disjunct populations, or species at the edge of their range). Species previously identified as Region 1 sensitive species, Region 1 species at risk, and species on Idaho species of concern list were included. Species identified as being of tribal concern or identified as of local concern during public meetings and/or from various comment periods were also considered. 6) Species that are hunted or fished and other species of public interest. Invasive species may also be considered. Big game species with established hunting seasons were included on the list. No invasive wildlife species were included.

Species of Concern Species of concern are species for which management actions may be necessary to prevent listing under ESA. Using the criteria identified in Table F-2, those plant and animal species known to occur on the Forest were identified for inclusion on the list of species to be considered as potential species of concern and are shown in table F-3. Table F-3 also displays if a species occurs other than year-round (i.e. seasonal).

Table F-3 Species to be considered for Species of Concern Common name Scientific name Ranking Occurrence Amphibians Idaho giant salamander Dicamptodon aterrimus G3S3 Birds American peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus G4T3 Seasonal Americanwhite pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos G3S1B Accidental Terrestrial Invertebrates (mollusks) Bland Oregonian Cryptomastix mullani blandi G3G4T1SNR Humped coin Polygyrella polygyrella G2G3S2 Idaho (Dryland) forestsnail Allogona ptychophora solida G3G4T2T3S1 Kingston Oregonian Cryptomastix sanburni G2G3SH Lyre mantleslug Udosarx lyrata lyrata G2S1 Pygmy slug Kootenaia burkei G1G2S2 Sheathed slug Zacoleus idahoensis G3G4S2 Smokey taildropper Prophysaon humile G1G2S2 Thinlip tightcoil Pristiloma idahoense G2S1 Fish Westslope cutthroat trout Salmo clarki lewisi G4T3 Burbot (ling) Lota lota G5T1

F-4 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Common name Scientific name Ranking Occurrence Plants

Common name Scientific name Upswept moonwort Botrychium ascendens Dainty moonwort Botrychium crenulatum Western goblin Botrychium montanum Peculiar moonwort Botrychium paradoxum Stalked moonwort Botrychium pedunculosum Green bug-on-a-stick Buxbaumia viridis Broad-fruit mariposa lily Calochortus nitidus Constance's bittercress Cardamine constancei Short-spored jelly lichen Collema curtisporum Case's fitweed Corydalis caseana spp. hastata Britton's dry rock moss Grimmia brittoniae Howell's gumweed Grindelia howellii Old man's beard Nodobryoria subdivergens Tapered matchstick Pilophorus clavatus Tattered rag lichen Platismatia herrei Netted specklebelly Pseudocyphellaria anomala Leiberg's tauschia Tauschia tenuissima Whiteworm lichen Thamnolia subuliformis Large spore ulota moss Ulota megalospora Idaho barren strawberry Waldsteinia idahoensis

Species of Interest Species of interest are those species for which management actions may be necessary or desirable to achieve ecological or other multiple use objectives. Using the criteria listed in Table F-2 and considering the factors identified below (a-i), tables F-4 and F-5 display those plant and animal species known to occur on the Forest to be considered for inclusion on the list of potential species of interest. The presence of one or more factors would suggest but not compel, that a species be included as a species of interest.

a. Species habitat or population has declined significantly in the plan area. b. Species and its habitats are not well distributed in the plan area. c. Species population numbers are low in the plan area. d. Species is dependent on a specialized and/or limited habitat in the plan area. e. Species is subject to some imminent threat (for example, invasion of exotic species into habitat or disturbance due to road systems). f. Species habitat or population is not generally secure within its range and NFS lands act as an important refuge. g. Species is of public interest, including those species identified cooperatively with state Fish and Wildlife Agencies consistent with the Sikes Act. h. Species is invasive. i. Species pose a threat to ecosystem or species diversity.

Table F-4 displays the species identified based on the six criteria displayed in Table F- 2. Each column of the table is one of the six criteria. No species met criteria number 2, so there is no column included in the table for that criterion.

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-5 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Table F-4 Species to be considered for Species of Interest on the IPNFs Criteria #3 Criteria #5 Criteria #1 Criteria #4 Criteria #6 Species of Regional Nature Birds of Species of Species Species name Greatest and Local Serve S1- Conserv. Public name Conservation Species of S2/ N1-N2 1/ Concern Interest Need Concern Idaho Idaho 2/ Regional 3/ Idaho 4/ Amphibians Western (Boreal) X (S3) X X X toad Coeur d’Alene X (S2) X X X salamander Northern leopard (S2) X X X frog Wood frog X Columbia spotted X X frog Reptiles Northern alligator X (S2) X X lizard Mammals American badger X American marten X California myotis X (S2) X Fisher X (S1) X X X Fringed myotis X (S2) X X X Merriams shrew X (S2) X North American X (S2) X X X wolverine Northern bog X (S1) X X X lemming Northern flying X squirrel Pygmy shrew X (S4) X X Townsend’s big- X (S2) X X X eared bat Black bear X Elk X Moose X Mountain goat (S2) X X Mule deer X Whitetailed deer X Birds American avocet X American golden X plover Baird’s sandpiper X (SNA) Barn owl X (S5) Black swift X (S1B) X X X X Black tern X (S1B) X X Black-backed X (S3) X X X woodpecker Black-bellied plover X (SNA) Black-necked stilt X Black-throated X (S2B) sparrow Blue grouse X Blue jay X (S5N) Bobolink X (S4B) X Bohemian waxwing X (S1B,S3N)

F-6 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Criteria #3 Criteria #5 Criteria #1 Criteria #4 Criteria #6 Species of Regional Nature Birds of Species of Species Species name Greatest and Local Serve S1- Conserv. Public name Conservation Species of S2/ N1-N2 1/ Concern Interest Need Concern Idaho Idaho 2/ Regional 3/ Idaho 4/ Boreal chickadee X (S4) X Boreal owl X (S2) X X Broad-tailed X (S5B) hummingbird California gull X (S2B,S3N) X Canvasback X (S4B,S2N) Caspian tern X (S2B) X Cattle egret X (S2B) Clark’s grebe X (S2B) X Common grackle X (S3B) Common loon X (S1B,S2N) X X X Common redpole X (S4N) Common tern X (S1B) Double crested X (S2B) X cormorant Eurasion wigeon X (S1N) Flammulated owl X X X X Forster’s tern X (S1B) X Franklin’s gull X (S2B) X Golden eagle X Gray crowned rosy X (S4B, S3N) finch Great blue heron X X Great egret X (S1B) X X Great gray owl X Greater yellowlegs X (SNA) Harlequin duck X (S1B) X X X Herring gull X (S4N) Hooded merganser X (S2B,S3N) X Horned grebe X (S2B) Least sandpiper X (SNA) Lesser scaup X Lesser yellowlegs X (SNA) Lewis’s woodpecker X (S3B) X X X Loggerhead shrike X X Long-billed curlew X (S2B) X X Long-billed X (SNA) dowitcher Marbled godwit X (SNA) X Merlin X (S2B,S2N) X X Mountain quail X (S1) X X Northern goshawk X X X Northern hawk owl X (SNA) X Northern X (S1B) mockingbird Northern pintail S5B,S2N X Northern pygmy owl X Northern shoveler X (S5B,S2N) Pileated X X woodpecker Prairie falcon X Purple martin X (SNA)

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-7 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Criteria #3 Criteria #5 Criteria #1 Criteria #4 Criteria #6 Species of Regional Nature Birds of Species of Species Species name Greatest and Local Serve S1- Conserv. Public name Conservation Species of S2/ N1-N2 1/ Concern Interest Need Concern Idaho Idaho 2/ Regional 3/ Idaho 4/ Pygmy nuthatch X (S1) X X X X Redhead X Red-naped X sapsucker Red-necked grebe S2B X X Red-necked X (SNA) phalarope Ring-billed gull X (S3B,S3N) Sanderling X Sandhill crane X (S3B) X Semipalmated X (SNA) sandpiper Short-eared owl X Snow goose X (SNA) Snowy egret X (S1B) X Solitary sandpiper X Swainson’s hawk X X Three-toed S2 X X woodpecker Trumpeter swan X (S1B,S2N) X X Tundra swan X (S3N) Upland sandpiper X (S1B) X X X Vaux’s swift Western grebe S2B Western sandpiper X (SNA) White-faced ibis X (S1B) X White-headed X woodpecker White-tailed X ptarmigan White-winged X (S4) crossbill Williamson’s X sapsucker Wilson’s phalarope X Wood duck X (S5B) Yellow-billed cuckoo X (S1S2B) X X Terrestrial Invertebrates (mollusks) Fir pinwheel X Pale jumping slug X Aquatic invertebrates Western pearlshell X (S2S4) X X Plants Bog rosemary X Maidenhair X spleenwort Rush aster X Bourgeau's X milkvetch Dwarf birch X Deerfern X Triangle X moonwort

F-8 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Criteria #3 Criteria #5 Criteria #1 Criteria #4 Criteria #6 Species of Regional Nature Birds of Species of Species Species name Greatest and Local Serve S1- Conserv. Public name Conservation Species of S2/ N1-N2 1/ Concern Interest Need Concern Idaho Idaho 2/ Regional 3/ Idaho 4/ Moonwort X Michigan X moonwort Mingan moonwort X Northwestern X moonwort Least moonwort X Buxbaum's sedge X California sedge X String-root sedge X Bristly sedge X Yellow sedge X Henderson’s X sedge Bristle-stalked X sedge Pale sedge X Poor sedge X Phantom orchid X Bog birch lichen X Bulb-bearing X water hemlock Toy soldiers X Transcending X reindeer lichen Clustered lady's X slipper Yellow Lady’s- X slipper Sitka clubmoss X White-flowered X shooting star Spoon-leaved X sundew Crested shield X fern Swamp willow- X weed Green-keeled X cotton grass Creeping X snowberry Large Canadian X St. John's wort Blue flag iris X Tweedy's ivesia X Hall's lung wort X Many-fruit false- X loosestrife Northern bog X clubmoss Ground pine X Beadruby X Meesia X

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-9 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

1/ Species on NatureServe as S1-S2 or N1-N2 signified with “X” in column. Rankings from the State of Idaho Comprehensive Fish and Wildlife Conservation Strategy are listed in parenthesis. 2/ This includes species identified for the Canadian Rockies Ecoregion in the Washington Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy 3/ Region 1 sensitive species and species at risk 4/ Idaho Species of Concern

F-10 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Table F-5 displays the species identified in table F-4, species ranking, and species occurrence on the Idaho Panhandle National Forests if other than year-round.

Table F-5 Species to be considered for Species of Interest Species common name Scientific name Ranking Occurrence Amphibians Western (Boreal) toad Bufo boreas G4S2 Columbia spotted frog Rana luteiventris G4S3 Coeur d’Alene salamander Plethodon idahoensis G4S2 Northern leopard frog Rana pipiens G5S1 Extirpated Wood frog Rana sylvatica G5SH Possibly extirpated Reptiles Northern alligator lizard Elgaria coerulea G5S3 Mammals American badger Taxidea taxus G5S5 American marten Martes americana G5S5 California myotis Myotis californicus G5S4 Seasonal Fisher Martes pennanti G5S3 Fringed myotis Myotis thysanodes G4G5S2 Seasonal Merriam’s shrew Sorex merriami G5S2 North American wolverine Gulo gulo luscus G4S3 Northern bog lemming Synaptomys borealis G4S2 Northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus G5S4 Pygmy shrew Sorex hoyi G5S4 Townsend’s big-eared bat Corynorhinus townsendii G4S2 Seasonal Black bear Ursus americanus G5S5 Elk Cervus elaphus nelsoni G5S5 Moose Alces alces G5S5 Mountain goat Oreamnos americanus G5S5 Mule deer Odocoileus hemionus G5S5 Whitetailed deer Odocoileus virginianus G5S5 Birds American avocet Recurverostra americana G5S5B Seasonal American golden plover Pluvialis dominae G5SNA Accidental Baird’s sandpiper Calidris bairdii G5SNA Migrant Barn owl Tyto alba G5S1B,S1N Seasonal Black swift Cypseloides niger G4S3B Seasonal Black tern Childonias niger G4S3B Seasonal Black-backed woodpecker Picoides arcticus G5S2 Black-bellied plover Pluvialis squatarola G5SNA Transient Black-necked stilt Himantopus mexicanus G5S3B Migrant Black-throated sparrow Amphispiza bilineata G5S2B Accidental Blue grouse Dendragapus obscurus G5S5 Blue jay Cyanocitta cristata G5S5 Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus G5S2B Seasonal Bohemian waxwing Bombycilla garrulus G5S5 Seasonal Boreal chickadee Poecile hudsonica G5S1S2 Boreal owl Aegolius funereus G5S4 Broad-tailed hummingbird Selasphorus platycercus G5S1B Seasonal California gull Larus californicus G5S5B Seasonal Canvasback Aythya valisineria G5S5B Seasonal Caspian tern Sterna caspia G5S2B Migrant Cattle egret Bulbulcus ibis G5S2B Accidental Clark’s grebe Aechmophorus clarkii G5S2B Seasonal Common grackle Quiscalus quiscula G5S5B Transient Common loon Gavia immer G5S2B Seasonal Common redpoll Carduelis flammea G5S5N Seasonal

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-11 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Species common name Scientific name Ranking Occurrence Common tern Sterna hirundo G5S3B Migrant Double crested cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus G5S5B Transient Eurasion wigeon Anas penelope G5S1N Transient Flammulated owl Otus flammeolus G4S3B Seasonal Forster’s tern Sterna forsteri G5S1B Transient Franklin’s gull Larus pipixcan G4G5S2B Transient Golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos G5S4 Gray crowned rosy finch Leucosticte tephrocotis G5S2B,S5N Great blue heron Ardea herodias G5S5B,S5N Great egret Ardea alba G5S1B Accidental Great gray owl Strix nebulosa G5S3 Greater yellowlegs Tringa meanoleuca G5SNA Migrant Harlequin duck Histrionicus histrionicus G4S2B Seasonal Herring gull Larus argentatus G5SNA Hooded merganser Lophodytes cucullatus G5S4B Horned grebe Podiceps auritus G5S4 Least sandpiper Caladris minutilla G5SNA Migrant Lesser scaup Aythya affinis G5S3 Lesser yellowlegs Tringa flavipes G5SNA Migrant Lewis’s woodpecker Melanerpes lewis G4S2B Loggerhead shrike Lanius ludovicianus G4S3B Transient Long-billed curlew Numenius americanus G5S2BS2B Seasonal Long-billed dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus G5SNA Tansient Marbled godwit Limosaq fedoa G5S4B Migrant Merlin Falco columbarius G4S4 Mountain quail Oreortyx pictus G5S1 Accidental Northern goshawk Accipiter gentilis G5S3 Seasonal Northern hawk owl Surnia ulula G5S1 Northern mockingbird Mimus polyglottos G5S1B Accidental Northern pintail Anas acuta G5S5B,S2N Northern pygmy owl G5S3 Northern shoveler Anas clypeata G5S5B Seasonal Osprey Pandion haliaetus G5S5B Pileated woodpecker Drycopus pileatus G5S4 Pinyon jay Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus G5S4 Accidental Prairie falcon Falco mexicanus G5S4 Purple marten Progne subis G5SNA Accidental Pygmy nuthatch Sitta pygmaea G5S4 Redhead Aythya americana G5S5B,S3N Red-naped sapsucker Sphyrapicus nuchalis G5S5B Seasonal Red-necked grebe Podiceps grisegena G5S2B Red-necked phalarope Phalaropus lobatus G4G5SNA Migrant Ring-billed gull Larus delawarensis G5S3B,S3N Sanderling Calidris alba G5SNA Migrant Sandhill crane Grus canadensis G5S5B,S2N Transient Semi-palmated sandpiper Caladris pusilla G5SNA Migrant Short-eared owl Asio flammeus G5S4 Snow goose Chen caerulescens G5S4N Migrant Snowy egret Efretta thula G5S2B Accidental Solitary sandpiper Tringa solitaria G5SNA Migrant Swainson’s hawk Buteo swainsoni G5S3B Transient Three-toed woodpecker Picoides tridactylus G5S2 Trumpeter swan Cygnus buccinator G4S1B,S2N Migrant Tundra swan Cygnus columbianus G5S3N Migrant Upland sandpiper Bartramia longicauda G5S1B Transient Vaux’s swift Chaeturea vauxi G5S3B seasonal Western grebe Aechmophorus occidentalis G5S2B Western sandpiper Calidris mauri G5SNA Migrant

F-12 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Species common name Scientific name Ranking Occurrence White-faced ibis Plegadis chihi G5S2B Accidental White-headed woodpecker Picoides albolarvatus G4S2 White-winged crossbill Loxia leucoptera G5S1 Williamson’s sapsucker Sphyrapicus thyroideus G5S4B Seasonal Wilson’s phalarope Phalaropus tricolor G5S3B Seasonal Wood duck Aix sponsa G5S4B,S3N Seasonal Yellow-billed cuckoo Coccyzus americanus G5S2B Accidental Fish Interior redband trout Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusks) Fir pinwheel Radiodiscus abietum G4S2S3 Pale jumping slug Hemphillia camelus G4 Aquatic invertebrates Western pearlshell mussel Margaratifera falcata G4S2S4 Plants Common name Scientific name Bog rosemary Andromeda polifolia Maidenhair spleenwort Asplenium trichomanes ssp. trichomanes Rush aster Symphytotrichum boreale (Aster junciformis) Bourgeau's milkvetch Astragalus bourgovii Dwarf birch Betula pumila v. glandulifera Deerfern Blechnum spicant Triangle moonwort Botrychium lanceolatum Moonwort Botrychium lunaria Michigan moonwort Botrychium "michiganense" Mingan moonwort Botrychium minganense Northwestern moonwort Botrychium pinnatum Least moonwort Botrychium simplex Buxbaum's sedge Carex buxbaumii California sedge Carex californica String-root sedge Carex chordorrhiza Bristly sedge Carex comosa Yellow sedge Carex flava Henderson’s sedge Carex hendersonii Bristle-stalked sedge Carex leptalea Pale sedge Carex livida Poor sedge Carex magellanica ssp. irrigua (C. paupercula) Phantom orchid Cephalanthera austiniae (Eburophyton austiniae) Bog birch lichen Cetraria sepincola Bulb-bearing water hemlock Cicuta bulbifera Toy soldiers Cladonia bellidiflora Transcending reindeer lichen Cladonia transcendens Clustered lady's slipper Cypripedium fasciculatum Yellow Lady’s-slipper Cypripedium parviflorum Sitka clubmoss Diphasiastrum sitchense White-flowered shooting star Dodecatheon dentatum Spoon-leaved sundew Drosera intermedia Crested shield fern Dryopteris cristata Swamp willow-weed Epilobium palustre Green-keeled cotton grass Eriophorum viridicarinatum Creeping snowberry Gaultheria hispidula Large Canadian St. John's wort Hypericum majus Blue flag iris Iris versicolor Tweedy's ivesia Ivesia tweedyi Hall's lung wort Lobaria hallii Many-fruit false-loosestrife Ludwigia polycarpa Northern bog clubmoss Lycopodiella inundata Ground pine Lycopodium dendroideum

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-13 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Species common name Scientific name Ranking Occurrence Beadruby Mahonia nervosa Meesia Meesia longiseta Chickweed monkeyflower Mimulus alsinoides Bank monkeyflower Mimulus clivicola Marsh muhly Muhlenbergia glomerata Pine broomrape Orobanche pinorum Trillium-leaved wood-sorrel Oxalis trilliifolia Arrowleaf coltsfoot Petasites sagittatus Northern beechfern Phegopteris connectilis Devil's matchstick lichen Pilophorus acicularis Whitebark pine Pinus albicaulis Round-leaved orchid Platanthera orbiculata Braun's holly fern Polystichum braunii Naked mnium Rhizomnium nudum White beakrush Rhynchospora alba Red-flowered current Ribes sanguineum Sitka mistmaiden Romanzoffia sitchensis Salmonberry Rubus spectabilis Hoary willow Salix candida Bog willow Salix pedicellaris Pod grass Scheuchzeria palustris Water clubrush Schoenoplectus subterminalis (Scirpus subterminalis) Lance-leaved sedum Sedum rupicola Christmas tree lichen Sphaerophorus globosus Mendocine peatmoss Sphagnum mendocinum Krushea Streptopus streptopoides Short-styled sticky Tofieldia Triantha occidentalis ssp. brevistyla Hudson's bay bulrush Trichophorum alpinum (Scirpus hudsonianus) Northern starflower Trientalis europaea (T. arctica) Western starflower Trientalis latifolia Bog cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos Wild celery Vallisneria americana Selkirk’s violet Viola selkirkii

Step 2: Screening Species of Concern and Species of Interest for Further Consideration in the Planning Process Fish All fish species on the potential species of concern and species of interest lists (Tables F-3 and F- 5) were considered further in the planning process.

Plants All plant species on the potential species of concern and species of interest lists (Tables F-3 and F-5) were considered further in the planning process.

Terrestrial Wildlife Using the following criteria, all species identified as potential species of concern and species of interest were screened to see if those species should or should not be considered further in the planning process:

1. There are no known occurrences or suitable habitat of the species on the forest, grassland, prairie, or other comparable administrative unit. 2. They are secure within the plan area. 3. They are not affected by management or potential plan components.

F-14 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

4. Forest Plan components for ecosystem diversity are sufficient for management of the species.

In addition to the above four criteria, the level of knowledge about each species was considered. In general, only those species with enough information to complete a credible assessment were carried forward for additional evaluation. Where it is currently lacking, critical information that is essential to management was identified and, as feasible or appropriate, will be considered in monitoring programs.

Species of Concern Initial screening was conducted to include only those species with known occurrences on the Forest. All species listed in Table F-3 except the American white pelican were determined to be brought forward for further screening. The American white pelican is considered an accidental species on the forest and not known to occur on National Forest lands and was, thus, dropped from further consideration.

Species of interest Initial screening was conducted to include only those species with known occurrences on the Forest. There are many bird species that are known to occur on the IPNF only for very short timeframes and are not known to breed or nest on the Forest. Some of these species pass through as they are migrating; others occur only accidentally, as this is generally beyond their normal range; still others are transient.

Species known to be migrant, accidental, or transient on the forest include the following (as identified in tables F-4 and F-5 above) and were dropped from further consideration:

American golden plover, Baird’s sandpiper, black bellied plover, balck-necked stilt, black-throated sparrow, Caspian tern, cattle egret, common grackle, Eurasian wigeon, Foresters tern, Franklin’s gull, great egret, greater yellowlegs, least sandpiper, lesser yellowlegs, loggerhead shrike, long-billed dowitcher, marbled godwit, mountain quail, northern mockingbird, purple martin, red-necked phalarope, sanderling, sandhill crane, semipalmated sandpiper, snow goose, snowy egret, solitary sandpiper, swainsons hawk, trumpeter swan, tundra swan, upland sandpiper, western sandpiper, white-faced ibis and yellow-billed cuckoo.

The following species were identified as being S1-S2 in the NatureServe database. However, these species are not ranked as S1 or S2 in Idaho, as identified in the tables above. These species are not on any of the other lists used in this analysis: species of concern, species of greatest conservation need, birds of conservation concern, or regional sensitive species or species at risk. Some of these species are also identified as migrant, accidental, or transient species, resulting in their not being ranked by the state. These species were dropped from further consideration:

Baird’s sandpiper, barn owl, black-bellied plover, blue jay, bobolink, boreal chickadee, broad-tailed hummingbird, canvasback, common grackle, common redpole, gray crowned rosy finch, greater yellowlegs, herring gull, horned grebe, least sandpiper, lesser yellowlegs, long-billed dowitcher, northern hawk owl, purple martin, red-necked phalarope, ring-billed gull, semipalmated sandpiper, snow goose, tundra swan, western sandpiper, and wood duck.

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-15 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

The following species were originally identified on the state of Washington’s list of species of concern. They are not considered species of greatest conservation need in the Washington Comprehensive Wildlife Strategy, or species of concern or species of greatest conservation need for the state of Idaho and were dropped from further consideration:

bobolink, boreal chickadee and osprey.

The following species are considered species of greatest conservation need for the state of Washington. These species are not species of concern or species of greatest conservation need for the state of Idaho and were dropped from further consideration:

Columbia spotted frog, American badger, great blue heron, pileated woodpecker, Vaux’s swift, and silver-bordered fritillary butterfly.

Results of Initial Screening Table F-6 displays species to be brought forward for further screening. All plant species included in tables F-3 and F-5 were brought forward for further screening.

Table F-6 Species to be brought forward for Further Screening Species Of Concern Amphibians Fish Idaho giant salamander Westslope cutthroat trout Birds Burbot (ling) American peregrine falcon Plants Terrestrial Invertebrates (Mollusks) All – See Table F-3 Bland Oregonian Humped coin Idaho dryland forestsnail Kinston Oregonian Lyre mantleslug Pygmy slug Sheathed slug Smokey taildropper Thinlip tightcoil Species Of Interest Amphibians Birds Western (Boreal) toad American avocet Coeur d’Alene salamander Black swift Columbia spotted frog Black tern Northern leopard frog Black-backed woodpecker Wood frog Blue grouse Reptiles Bohemian waxwing Northern alligator lizard Boreal owl Mammals California gull American badger Clark’s grebe American marten Common loon California myotis Flammulated owl Fisher Golden eagle Merriam’s shrew Great blue heron North American wolverine Great gray owl Northern bog lemming Harlequin duck Northern flying squirrel Hodded merganser Pygmy shrew Lesser scaup

F-16 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Species Of Concern Townsend’s big-eared bat Lewis’s woodpecker Black bear Long-billed curlew Elk Merlin Moose Northern goshawk Mountain goat Northern pygmy owl Mule deer Pileated woodpecker Whitetailed deer Prairie falcon Fish Pygmy nuthatch Interior redband trout Redhead Terrestrial Invertebrates (Mollusks) Red-naped sapsucker Fir pinwheel Rednecked grebe Pale jumping slug Short-eared owl Aquatic Invertebrates Three-toed woodpecker Western pearlshell mussel Vaux’s swift Plants Western grebe All – See Table F-5 White-headed woodpecker White-winged crossbill Williamson’s sapsucker Wilson’s phalarope

Further Screening – Information collection Tables F-7 and F-8 display some of the information collected and used in the screening process to determine whether those species should or should not be considered further in the planning process. One of the principle factors considered was determining if Proposed Forest Plan components for ecosystem diversity were adequate to provide for a particular species habitat needs. If so, no further analysis was considered necessary for those species.

Information that was collected includes the following:

1. Current taxonomy. 2. Distribution (including historic and current trends). 3. Abundance (including historic and current trends). 4. Demographics and population trends including population effects resulting from hunting, fishing, trapping, and natural population fluctuations. 5. Diversity (phenotypic, genetic, and ecological). 6. Habitat requirements at appropriate spatial scales. 7. Habitat amount, distribution, and trends. 8. Ecological function. 9. Key biological interactions. 10. Limiting factors 11. Risk factors including various natural and human disturbances (wildland fire, trails, roads, and dams)

Species information was collected from various databases, including but not limited to: NatureServe, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks Animal Field Guides, Idaho Conservation Data Center, the Montana Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy, USFWS Breeding Bird Survey, literature, Canadian Rocky Mountains Ecosystem Assessment, Kootenai River sub-basin assessment, and information gathered from local species experts and other organizations.

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-17 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Table F-7 Species Information for species to be considered for Species of Concern on the IPNFs Common name Occurrence Habitats Major risks Conservation needs Notes Amphibians Idaho giant Occurs in the Coeur Mesic coniferous forests. Adults are Habitat loss and degradation. Loss of Maintain, protect or Readily reinvades salamander d’Alene, Clearwater, and terrestrial and find habitat in humid forests down wood. Migratory risk due to roads restore aquatic and disturbed areas as they Salmon River drainages. under rocks, logs. Most often in the riparian in riparian areas, water quality. Invasive riparian habitats. are restored. no record IPNF zones of mountain streams or rocky shores species. logging operations that of mountain lakes but also in other moist decrease available cover, increase upland environments. sedimentation, and affect bank undercutting necessary for successful breeding (Parker 1991 in Idaho CWCS). Birds American Seasonal. One known High cliffs. Preys on small birds. Disturbance at nesting sites. Minimize disturbance peregrine falcon nest site on IPNF (not during nesting period. used the past 3 years. Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusks) An oregonian Coeur d’Alene River Loss and degradation of habitat. In general there is a lack (Bland) valley. Logging, grazing, roads and fires. of information about (Hendricks 2003). these species. Limit surface disturbance at known sites (Idaho CWCS). Humped coin Yearlong IPNF. Coeur Undisturbed open spruce and Douglas-fir Loss and degradation of habitat. In general there is a lack Include as a group with d’Alene River drainage. forests having diverse forbs, mosses, and Logging, grazing roads and fires. of information about other mollusks. Coeur d’Alene forest. deciduous shrubs in the understory. (Hendricks 2003). Quarry development these species. Limit Commonly near permanent or persistent or expansion. surface disturbance at water. Largest poulations occur in forested known sites (Idaho talus. CWCS). Idaho (dryland) All three forests on IPNF. Open, dry and large basalt taluses at varied No threats have been identified. Considered widespread forestnail elevations. Sites with springs and seeps are in northern Idaho. Include preferred. Most often found on north facing as a group with other slopes. mollusks. Kingston Endemic to Idaho. Coeur Mesic ponderosa pine forests, often in Activities causing surface disturbance, Locate extant Include as a group with Oregonian d’Alene river and Pond ravines or valleys having streams or including timber harvest and grazing. populations of this other mollusks. Oreille lake. springs. species (Idaho CWCS). Lyre mantleslug Yearlong IPNF, Clark Mesic environments in valleys, ravines, Loss and degradation of habitat. In general there is a lack Intolerant of habitat Fork River drainages. St. gorges, or talus fields. Logging and grazing. (Hendricks 2003) of information about alteration. Not found at Joe forest. these species. Limit disturbed sites. Include surface disturbance at as a group with other known sites (Idaho mollusks. CWCS).

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-18 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Pygmy slug All three forests on IPNF. Western hemlock forests. Near perennial Loss and degradation of habitat. Little is In general there is a lack Include as a group with water. Down wood, moss mats, and known about the threats to this species. of information about other mollusks. deciduous tree leaves as substrate. these species. Limit surface disturbance at known sites (Idaho CWCS). Sheathed slug Coeur d’Alene River Douglas-fir, spruce, and ponderosa pine Loss and degradation of habitat. In general there is a lack Absent from sites drainages. Kootenai falls. forests that have a diverse understory of Logging, grazing, fires, and roads. of information about disturbed by timber All three forests on IPNF. forbs and bryophytes. Typically in moist (Hendricks 2003) these species. Limit harvest and livestock valleys, gorges, ravines, and talus fields surface disturbance at grazing. Include as a near permanent water. known sites (Idaho group with other CWCS). mollusks. Smokey St. Joe forest.(Idaho Low to mid elevation mesic pine and spruce Loss and degradation of habitat. In general there is a lack Aquatic management taildropper CDC). forests in large stream or river Surface disturbance from activites such of information about strategy would provide valleys.Occupied habitat is often near as mining and timber harvest. these species. Limit protection of species perennial water at the base of major slopes surface disturbance at habitat. and is characterized by downed wood, a known sites (Idaho diverse understory, and a substantial CWCS). deciduous woody plant and forb component. Thinlip tightcoil Benewah, Kootenai, and Low elevation, low slope ponderosa pine Ground disturbing activities such as In general there is a lack Include as a group with Shoshone counties. St. ane Douglas-fir forests. Associated with a timber harvest and grazing. of information about other mollusks. Joe and Coeur d’Alene variety of substrataes in moist valleys, these species. Limit forests. ravines, gorges, and talus sites. surface disturbance at known sites (Idaho CWCS).

Table F-8 Species Information for species to be considered for Species of Interest on the IPNFs Common name Occurrence Habitats Major risks Conservation needs Notes Amphibians Western (Boreal) Fairly common Ponds, lakes, moist forests and grasslands. Habitat loss and degradation. Disease Maintain and restore Aquatic management toad and parasites. Invasive species. aquatic and riparian strategy will protect and Roadkill mortality. habitats.Groves et al. promote restoration of 1996.Partners in habitat. Amphibian and Reptile Conservation (PARC). Coeur d’Alene Small range in North Springs, seeps, spray zones of waterfalls, Habitat loss and degradation. Disease Maintain and restore Aquatic management salamander Idaho, western Montana and edges of streams. and parasites. Local extirpation due to aquatic and riparian strategy will protect and and B.C. uncommon restricted mobility and fragmentation. habitats.Groves et al. promote restoration of Invasive species. 1996. (PARC). habitat. Northern leopard Possibly Extirpated Permanent water sources during all life Habitat loss and degradation. Disease Maintain and restore In northern Idaho, frog stages. A variety of wetland situations, and parasites. Invasive species. aquatic and riparian populations were found in including marshes, pond margins, and slow Introduced animals. habitats. Additional the Kootenai, Pend moving sections of streams and rivers. direction found in; Oreille, and Clark Fork

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-19 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Common name Occurrence Habitats Major risks Conservation needs Notes (Idaho CWCS). Populations have declined from Groves et al. 1992, Rivers prior to 1955, but historical levels (Idaho CWCS-northern Maxell et al. 2000, populations may no longer leopard frog). Partners in Amphibian persist in this region and Reptile Conservation (Idaho CWCS – northern (PARC). leopard frog). Wood frog No population is known Lake, stream, rivers, generally near open Unknown. Possibly habitat loss and Surveys needed to In Idaho the species was to be extant in Idaho woodlands, meadows and riparian areas. degradation. Disease and parasites. determine if the species found historically at 3 sites (Idaho CWCS-wood frog) Uses adjacent upland habitats for foraging. Invasive species. Introduced animals. persists in Idaho. in Boundary and Bonner counties. No records since 1970 are known, and these populations may have been extirpated. Columbia spotted Common in Idaho. Not Relatively aquatic, rarely found far from Loss and degradation of habitat. Protect known sites, Common in Okanogan frog identified as species of ponds, lakes, creeks. Breeds in seasonally Altered hydrology, bullfrogs and identify and protect and northern Cascades, concern for Idaho. flooded margins of wetlands. introduced fishes. potential habitat declined in other states. (Washington CWCS) Reptiles Northern alligator Uncommon, Dry open forest to cool moist areas near Habitat loss and degradation. Disease Unknown at this time. Little information on this lizard streams. Hides under logs and rocks. Areas and parasites. Invasive species. Little information species available. with bushes, trees, and grassy areas available. Mgmt towards Northern Idaho and needed to provide cover and foraging sites. HRV and long term northwestern Montana. sustainability of snags and down wood. Mammals American badger Identified as species of Inhabits shrub/steppe and other open Lack of information. Habitat loss due to Apparently declining. Recognized as species of greatest conservation habitats agriculture and development. Very few reported caught concern in the Canadian need for Washington by trappers since 1995. Rocky Mountains only. Ecoregional Assessment. American marten Common, furbearing animal California myotis Yearlong IPNF. Western Hibernates in mines, caves, tunnels or Loss of existing and potential roost Identify and protect Conservation guidelines and panhandle counties buildings. May form small maternity colonies sites. Disturbance at roost sites. Loss hibernacula and and management of Idaho in rock crevices, under bark, or under eaves and degradation of large snags and maternity roosts. protocols developed for of buildings. Found in cavities in snags. riparian vegetation. Maintain the longterm Townsend’s big-eared bat. sustainability of snags (Pierson et al. 1999) and riparian vegetation over time. Fisher Rare Low/mid elevation multi-storied, mature and Trapping, loss and degradation of Maintain large habitat Aquatic management older forest with riparian habitat, down large habitat (including snags and down areas (well distributed strategy will protect and wood, forest connectivity. logs). Loss of prey habitat. and connected), promote restoration of particularly “wet habitat. extirpated in productive” forests. Mgmt Washington.

F-20 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Common name Occurrence Habitats Major risks Conservation needs Notes towards HRV (late and old growth successions), and longterm sustainability of snags and down wood. Fringed myotis Seasonal IPNF Mines, caves, bridges, buildings, snags Loss of existing and potential roost Identify and protect Conservation guidelines (large cavities). sites. Disturbance at roost sites. Loss hibernacula and roost and management and degradation of large snags and sites. Maintain the protocols developed for riparian vegetation. longterm sustainability of Townsend’s big-eared bat. snags and riparian (Pierson et al. 1999) vegetation over time. Merriam’s shrew Bonner and Kootenai Grassland/herbaceous, shrubland/chaparral Grassland and shrub steppe being lost Maintain and restore Sparse and uncommon. counties, ID to agricultural and other development. grassland/shrubland Status is secure on a Tolerance of grazing unknown. habitats. global basis. North American Rare to Uncommon High elevation roadless/wilderness. Human disturbance - especially winter Maintain connectivity Wide-ranging carnivore for wolverine rec. at denning sites. Roadless area between roadless and roadless and wilderness management. Trapping. Habitat loss. wilderness areas. dominated GA’s. Prevent human disturbance to den sites. promote effective movement across highway corridors. Northern bog Uncommon, small Sphagnum bogs, fens, wet meadows, moist Habitat loss and degradation. Human Maintain known and Reichel and Corn 1997. lemming isolated habitats. mixed and coniferous forests, alpine sedge disturbance. Grazing. Changes in potential habitats. Apply meadows and mossy streamsides. water regimes. Invasive species. Reduce impacts from management/conservation snow compaction. guidelines for peatlands. Northern flying Common Mixed forest, conifer forest, hardwood Loss and degradation of habitat. loss Maintain the longterm Large range in NA. squirrel forest. Standing snag/hollow tree. Prefers of snags. sustainability of snags Common in many areas. cavities in mature tres. over time. Pygmy shrew Uncommon Grassy openings of boreal forests. Fallen Relatively unknown. Maintain or restore key log/down wood. Burrowing in or using soil. habitat. Maintain the long term sustainability of snags and down wood over time. Townsend’s big- Rare, no roosting or Caves, mines, buildings, bridges, snags Habitat loss and degradation. Loss of Identify and protect Conservation guidelines eared bat. hibernacula sites known large snags. Degradation of riparian roosts and hibernacula. and management habitat. very sensitive to human Retain and maintain protocols developed for disturbance. large snags. Promote the Townsend’s big-eared bat long-term sustainability (Pierson et al. 1999) of key habitat components (riparian areas and snags) over time.

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-21 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Common name Occurrence Habitats Major risks Conservation needs Notes Black bear Common Habitat generalists, Hunting Rocky mountain Common, mostly Habitat generalist. Summer range – mid to Loss and degradation of habitat. Manage summer and Habitat generalist. Large Elk southern portion of forest high elevation. Winter range low elevation Access management – road and winter habitat within socio/economic big game south facing slopes. recreation impacts. Fire exclusion. HRV. Provide security, species on both forests. Invasive species – particularly winter reduce vulnerability. FP direction for summer range. Hunting. Reduce noxious weeds range, security. on winter range. Moose Fairly common. Habitat generalist. Hunting. Predators. Loss and Manage summer and High quality hunting big degradation of habitat. Hunting winter habitat within game species by permit HRV. only. Mountain goat Uncommon, 2 small Alpine and subalpine habitat. Steep grassy Loss and degradation of habitat. Maintain and protect Small, isolated populations on the forest, talus slopes, grassy ledges of cliffs, or Mining. Human-caused disturbance, habitat elements. populations. High quality wilderness/roadless alpine meadows. Usually at timberline or especially winter recreation. Hunting. Reduce human-caused hunting big game species areas above. High elevation roadless/wilderness. disturbance on winter by permit only. range. Mule deer Common mid to high elevation summer range. Winter Loss and degradation of habitat. Manage summer and High quality hunting big range – low elevation south facing slopes. Access management – road and winter habitat within game species. recreation impacts. Invasive species – HRV. Provide security, particularly winter range. Hunting. reduce vulnerability. Reduce noxious weeds on winter range. Whitetailed deer Very common Habitat generalist. Winter rnage – low Loss and degradation of habitat, Maintain summer and High socio/economic big elevation, south facing slopes. particularly winter range. Invasive winter range, within HRV. game species on both species – particularly winter range. Provide security/reduce forests. FP direction for Hunting. vulnerability. Reduce winter range. noxious weeds on winter range. Birds American avocet Rare on IPNF, migrant. Known to nest only in the southern part of Loss and degradation of habitat. Illegal Maintain and restore Not known to occur on In Idaho declines were the state. Breed in potholes, shallow shooting and trapping. Disturbance at wetland habitats. National Forest lands. suggested during the alkaline wetlands, impoundments, the nest site. Nest predation. Wetland period 1966-2004 (- evaporation ponds, and mudflats of inland contamination. 11.7% per year), but lakes. these wre not statistically significant and detection rates along BBS routes wre very low (Sauer et al. 2005 in Idaho CWCS). Black swift Rare. 1 documented Cliffs, waterfalls, caves. Cabinet Mtns.. Decreases in water flow. Disturbance Maintain and conserve Little information location. On NF lands. at nesting areas. habitat elements. available. Uncommon. On associated with Reduce human edge of primary range. wilderness. disturbance.

F-22 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Common name Occurrence Habitats Major risks Conservation needs Notes Black tern Rare. Not known to occur Wetlands, marshes, prairie potholes, and Loss or degradation of wetlands for Maintain and conserve Black terns are limited to on NF lands. small ponds. Semi-colony breeders in breeding and migration. Pesticide habitat elements. breeding locations with shallow freshwater marshes with emergent reduction of favored insect foods. Reduce human appropriate habitat, size, vegetation. Disturbance in nesting colonies, disturbance. and vegetative although tolerant of nearby human composition. Threats not activity. Water level fluctuation. related to activities on FS lands. Black-backed Uncommon. Well distributed and recently burned or Fire suppression. Salvage harvest of Maintain ecological woodpecker insect infested areas. post fire and insect infested areas. processes within the Human disturbance near nest sites. HRV. Retain patches of Loss of snags. insect, disease or fire- killed trees. Blue grouse Common Open coniferous forests, including forest Reforestation of high density Restoration or simulation edges, openings, and aspen groves. replanting. Grazing of open lowland of natural disturbance areas. Off road use by 4 wheel drive regimes. Winter habitat vehicles. Hunting. should be managed to perpetuate large trees important as roost sites. Bohemian Common seasonally Open coniferous or deciduous forest, Loss or degradation of habitat. Maitain and/or restore waxwing IPNF, – not considered suburban/orchard, woodlands. Nests in habitat conditions. species of concern. trees. Boreal owl Uncommon IPNF. Mature/old forest engelmann spruce and Habitat loss and degradation. Maintain and/or restore subalpine fir forests. Disturbance at nest sites. habitat conditions. Maintain the longterm sustainability of snags over time. California gull Uncommon IPNF. Not Found on seacoasts, bays, estuaries, Little information. Not known to occur Little information. Not known to breed on the known to breed on IPNF. mudflats, irrigated fields, lakes, ponds, on FS lands. Maintain and protect IPNF. Threats not related dumps, agricultural lands, and in cities. habitat elements. to activities on FS lands. Breed on barren or sparsely vegetated very little to no habitat on islands in natural lakes, reservoirs, and Fs lands. rivers (Winkler 1996 in Idaho CWCS – California gull). Clark’s grebe Seasonal Marshes, lakes, and bays. Nests among tall Gregarious behavior makes it highly Maintain and protect Not known to breed on the plants growing in water on edge of large susceptible to oiling mortality in habitat elements. IPNF. Threats not related areas of open water. wintering areas. Vulnerable to to activities on FS lands. disturbance of nesting colonies. Common loon Uncommon seasonal, Lowland Lakes and reservoirs (generally Human disturbance at breeding lakes, Maintain or enhance Promote and fund loon nests on several lakes, greater than 10 acres in size). heavy metal poisoning, fluctuating conditions on existing education and monitoring only a few with adjacent water levels, increasing numbers of and recent historic programs. Aquatic NF lands. predators. Shoreline development. nesting, feeding and management strategy will rearing lakes. protect and promote restoration of habitat.

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-23 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Common name Occurrence Habitats Major risks Conservation needs Notes Flammulated owl Common seasonal, Dry montane forests with brushy understory Loss of mature ponderosa pine and Maintain open lower to Comply with snag and nesting known or open grasslands nearby. Low/mid Douglas-fir forest. Fire suppression. mid-elevation mature/old down woody debris throughout the warm/dry elevation multi-storied, open to semi-open Disturbance near breeding, nesting forest habitat near open guidelines. Vegetation portion of the forest. mature and old ponderosa pine and dry and rearing sites. Loss of large snags grassland or shrub restoration to maintain two Douglas-fir forests. and lack of snaag recruitment. habitat. Maintain the or more canopy layers longterm sustainability of and adjacent to snags over time. forest/grass or forest/shrub ecotones. Golden eagle Uncommon to rare. Dry, open and semi-open areas. Prairies, Disturbance at nest sites. Access Protect nest sites. tundra. management (road kills). Habitat loss Restore grasslands and and degradation. Powerlines. Lead shrub-steppe. poisoning. Great blue heron Common Freshwater and brackish marshes, along Generally not impacted by human Maintain and protect Populations stable or lakes, rivers, bays, lagoons, ocean beaches, caused disturbance. Development. habitat elements. increasing in most areas. mangroves, fields, and meadows. Nests Habitat loss. Considered secure in commonly high in trees in swamps and Idaho. forested areas. Often nests with other herons. Great gray owl Uncommon to rare Coniferous and hardwood forests, especially Loss and degradation of habitat. Forest Long-term view of forest Because of the owls large pine, spruce, paper birch, and poplar. Most succession of large meadows. succession and consider home range, management commonly near extensive meadows. In Disturbance at nest sites. Over-grazing landscape and regional must be coordinated Montana lodgepole pine/Douglas-fir. Nest in meadows. forest patterns. Maintain among administrative tops of large broken off tree trunks, in old and/or restore suitable units to maintain links nests of other large birds or in debris habitat. Protection of between interacting platforms from dwarf mistletoe. nesting areas from biological units. No excessive human activity evident population decline during nesting season. in the vast majority of the range. Apparently stable, but actual population data are lacking for many areas. Harlequin duck Uncommon seasonal Forested mountain streams of relatively low Loss or degradation of habitat. Maintain fast moving, low Aquatic management gradient free of human disturbance. Winters Destruction of watershed stability and gradient clear mountain strategy will protect and in rough, coastal waters, especially along stream flow regimes. Sedimentation streams with a healthy promote restoration of rocky shores. and toxic chemical pollution. Human riparian component. habitat. disturbance near breeding areas. Reduce human caused Hunting on wintering grounds. disturbance during nesting season. Cassirer et al. 1996. Hooded Uncommon mostly on Lakes, ponds, streams, marshes, and Human disturbance at nest sites. Loss Maintain and/or restore Aquatic management merganser private land. Winters in estuaries. In Idaho prefers wooded streams and degradation of habitat mostly riparian habitat. Reduce strategy will protect and northwest Pacific, north and flooded bottomlands during summer, associated with changing forestry human caused promote restoration of of California. Year-round winters in open bodies of water. Nests in practices and especially snag removal disturbance during habitat. Threats not

F-24 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Common name Occurrence Habitats Major risks Conservation needs Notes resident in the tree cavities, generally near water. (Dugger et al. 1994 in Idaho CWCS – nesting period. related to activities on FS Panhandle. Stable to hooded merganser). Hunting. lands. increasing population trend (Idaho CWCS – hooded merganser0. Lesser scaup Uncommon mostly Nests near small ponds and lakes, sedge Mortality from fishing nets and lines Fairly common. North Not known to occur on FS private lands. Rangewide meadows, creeks. Fresh to moderately may be substantial. Loss and American Waterfowl lands. declining population brackish seasonal and semi-permanent degradation of wetlands. Over-harvest Management Plan trend (Idaho CWCS – wetlands and lakes with emergent by hunters. Oil spills, contamination. (1986). Maintain and lesser scaup). A year- vegetation. Loss and degradation of habitat due to restore wetlands. Idaho round resident in the drainage and conversion to agriculture, Partners in Flight (2000). Panhandle. dredging and filling. Lewis’s Rare Seasonal Open parklike, mature ponderosa pine and Loss and degradation of habitat. Loss Maintain and restore Known or strongly woodpecker riparian cottonwood with dense understory of large Douglas fir and mixed conifer stands of open canopy suspected serious and large snags. Burned coniferous forests. snags. Fire suppression. Fire mature and older declines. Requires snags of advanced decay for exclusion. ponderosa pine and nesting. cottonwood. Maintain the long-term sustainability of snags over time. Retain large diameter snags (especially within stand replacement fire areas). Long-billed curlew Rare. Very limited habitat Open short grass or mixed prairie with level Loss of habitat. Cultivation of Maintain and/or restore Local population declines on the forest. not known to slightly rolling topography, generally avoid grassland. Hunting along Atlantic grassland habitats. Limit but not widespread. to occur on NF lands. areas with trees, high density sahrubs and coast. Pesticides. Grazing. pesticide use. Extirpated from eastern tall, dense grasses.. Prairies and grassy Disturbance of nest sites. U.S. Threats not related to meadows, generally near water. Nests on activities on FS lands. ground usually in flat areas with short grass. Merlin Common migrant and Sparse conifer stands next to open prairie Pesticides, habitat loss. Due to Maintain and restore Population increasing in locally abundant winter habitats, open stands of conifers and river conversion to agriculture. habitat. Limit pesticide many areas. Widespread resident in Idaho but a bottom forests. Hunt in open country. use. Bird re-introduction. distribution. rare breeder (Craig and Nesting habitat in Idaho shrub-steppe Craig 1989 in Idaho dominated by sagebrush and juniper. CWCS – merlin. Eight nests verified in Idaho. No documented breeding on IPNF. Northern goshawk Uncommon. Found region wide. Wide variety of cover Loss and degradation of habitat. Provide for a large FP direction to protect types but nests usually in mature forest Disturbance near nest sites. Fire landscape with the nest sites. Provide stands >25 acres with high canopy. exclusion. natural mix of vegetation nesting, foraging, and post composition, structure, fledgling areas. and arrangement.

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-25 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Common name Occurrence Habitats Major risks Conservation needs Notes Protect nests, and nesting and post- fledgling stands. Northern pygmy Common Yearlong Dense forests or open woodlands in foothills Loss and degradation of habitat, Maintain the long-term owl and mountains. Frequents meadows while especially snags. sustainability of snags foraging. Usually found in vicinity of forest over time. opening, rather than in unbroken dense forest. -Pileated Original MIS. Not Dependent on large diameter snags Habitat loss and degradation. Loss of Maintain and protect Threats not related to woodpecker considered species of typically in mature forest for nest and roost large diameter snags. habitat elements. activities on FS lands. concern for Idaho sites. Forages in mature forest stands. Maintain the long-term sustainability of snags over time. Prairie falcon Rare. Almost all habitat Open situations in mountainous shrub Human disturbance at nest sites. Maintain and protect Large range in western on private lands. No steppe or grassland areas. Nests on cliffs. electrocution, collisions, pesticides. habitat elements. and central NA. Mostly breeding known to occur Protection of nest sites. stable with some local on the forest. declines. Appears secure overall. Threats not related to activities on FS lands. Pygmy nuthatch Rare. Not known to Late seral, large diameter, live ponderosa Loss and degradation of habitat Retain and restore breed on the forest. pine stands, and large snags. (including large snags). fire exclusion. stands of open canopy Grazing. mature and older ponderosa pine. Maintain the long-term sustainability of snags over time. Retain or maximize loss of large diameter snags. Redhead Uncommon seasonal. Lakes, ponds, permanent wetlands. Habitat loss and degradation. Hunting. Not considered species of concern for Idaho. Species of greatest conservation need for Washington portion of Canadian Rockies Ecoregion. Red-naped Uncommon Mixed conifer forests. Nests in cavity in live Loss and degradation of habitat Maintain the long-term sapsucker tree, frequently near water. (including snags) sustainability of snags over time. Red-necked grebe Bonner county. Occur in Nests on lakes, marshes, ponds or calm Reduced productivity and population Maintain and protect Breeding not known for the panhandle, breed at rivers. Usually in areas with some declines in NA have been attributed to habitat elements. KIPZ. On edge of primary Hayden Lake and other vegetative cover. organochlorine residues, recent Restore wetlands. range. Threats not related

F-26 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Common name Occurrence Habitats Major risks Conservation needs Notes areas. Population trend increases in unnatural predators and to activities on FS lands. unknown. human recreation activities. Loss and degradation of habitat. Short-eared owl One of the worlds most Open landscapes such as marshes, Habitat loss and degradation. Human Protect, enhance, or IPNF appears to be at the widely distributed owls. grasslands, tundra, and agricultural lands disturbance. Residential, commercial, restore potentially northernmost portion of its Reproduction and (e.g. pastures, stubble fields, and hay transportation, utility and agricultural suitable foraging and range in Idaho. population dynamics fields). Rarely bred in forests except in development of suitable nesting breeding habitats. closely associated with areas cleared of trees (Johnsgard 2002 in habitat. the density of its primary Idaho CWCS). prey, small mammals. Uncommon resident. Confirmed or suspected breeder across most of Idaho and winter records in the northern portion of the state. Three-toed Yearlong IPNF Mixed conifer and subalpine forests. Loss and degradation of habitat Maintain ecological woodpecker Excavates cavities in tree or standing snag. (including snags). Fire suppression. processes within the Salvage harvest of post fire and insect HRV. Maintain the long- infested areas. Human disturbance term sustainability of near nest sites. snags over time. Retain patches of insect, disease or fire-killed trees. Vaux’s swift Uncommon to rare Nests and roosts in large diameter hollow Loss of hollow old growth trees Maintain old growth breeder. Common trees in stands of high canopy closure. (Washington CWCS page 137) forests. Maintain the migrant. More common Prefers habitat near open water. Late long-term sustainability in old growth than in stages of deciduous mixed and Douglas-fir of snags over time. younger stands forests. (Montana field guide – Vaux’s swift). Western grebe Very common, mostly on Marshes, lakes, and bays. Nests on large Gregarious behavior makes it highly Maintain and protect Occurs in multiple nations. private lands. Breeds at inland bodies of water. Nests in colonies. susceptible to oiling mortality in habitat elements. Threats not related to several locations in the wintering areas. Vulnerable to activities on FS lands. Panhandle. disturbance of nesting colonies. Water quality and water level fluctuations. White-headed Rare on IPNF. Low elevation, Late seral, large diameter, Loss and degradation of habitat Retain, maintain, or Rare on IPNF woodpecker live ponderosa pine stands, and large (including large snags). Fire exclusion. restore stands of open snags. Grazing. Salvage logging of post fire canopy, mature and habitats. older ponderosa pine. Promote the long term sustainability of late seral, large diameter live

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-27 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Common name Occurrence Habitats Major risks Conservation needs Notes ponderosa pine stands and large snags. White-winged Uncommon. Breeding is Little information available for this species. Salt on roads/mortality. The critical Increase the rotation age crossbill essentially possible Boreal coniferous forests. Breeds in conifer factor influencing crossbill breeding is in areas where logging anywhere throughout its forests of the following tree species; white conifer seed availability. Current occurs. Maintain large range where appropriate spruce, black spruce, red spruce, sitka forestry practices may be detrimental tracts of mature forest, conifer species are spruce, Engelmann spruce and tamarack. to this species because construction especially in northern abundant and producing and maintenance of roads eliminates Idaho. good cone crops. habitat, and because with shorter Several documented logging rotations forests become locations in northern shorter lived and therefore less Panhandle. productive for crossbills (Benkman 1992 in Idaho CWCS). Williamsons Uncommon Mixed conifer forests. Constructs nesting Loss and degradation of habitat Retain and maintain sapsucker cavity in standing snag/hollow tree. (including snags) sufficient snag numbers and sizes and actively promote long-term sustainability within a desired range. Wilson’s phalarope Uncommon to rare. Not Freshwater marshes and wet meadows. Loss and degradation of habitat. Maintain and protect Uncommon. Known or known to occur on NF habitat elements. strongly suspected lands. serious declines. Threats not related to activities on FS lands. Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusks) Fir pinwheel Rare on NF lands. known Moist and rocky Douglas-fir forest at mid Loss and degradation of habitat. Maintain and protect Include as a group with from only a few small, elevations in valleys and ravines. A rich Logging, grazing, roads and fires. habitat elements. other mollusks. isolated populations. understory of forbs, shrubs, and bryophytes (Hendricks 2003) are present. Pale jumping slug Rare on NF lands. Closed to nearly closed canopy ponderosa Loss and degradation of habitat. Maintain and protect Include as a group with pine/Douglas-fir forests adjacent to major logging, grazing, fires, and roads. habitat elements. other mollusks. streams. Pollution and surface disturbance associated with mining. Aquatic invertebrates Western pearlshell Rare to uncommon. Cold, clear, streams and rivers. Often in Loss and degradation of habitat. Maintain and protect Important to Native Known from 1-2 locations reaches having fast current and coarse Changes in water quality. The loss of habitat elements. Americans. on the forest. substrate. Larva are parasitic on salmonids. host fish populations. Collection.

F-28 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Species of Concern brought forward for Further Analysis All species listed in Table F-7 will be considered for further analysis.

Species of Interest brought forward for Further Analysis Table F-9 displays the rationale used in determining whether a species should or should not be considered further in the analysis process as species of interest (per FSH 1909.12 section 43.22d).

Table F-9 Species of Interest - Justification for Elimination or Continuation for Further Analysis Include for Scientific Common name further Justification name analysis Amphibians Western (boreal) Bufo boreas Yes Vulnerable to habitat loss and degradation toad Coeur d’Alene Plethodon Yes Vulnerable to loss and degradation of habitat. salamander idahoensis Listed for Washington portion of Canadian Rockies where it Columbian spotted No is on the edge of its range. Common on the IPNF and in frog Idaho. Northern leopard Rana pipiens No Rare. Known from only one location, not on FS lands. frog Wood frog Rana sylvatica No Possibly extirpated, not known to occur at present time. Reptiles Northern alligator Very secretive. Uncommon. Plan components for Elgaria coerulea No lizard Ecosystem Diversity are adequate for this species. Mammals FS mgmt not likely to have an influence on this species American badger Taxidea taxus No and/or its habitat in the plan area. Threats other than those on NF lands. Not considered species of concern or species of greatest American marten No conservation need on any list. Management for ecosystem diversity will provide for the species. Myotis Sensitive to disturbance at roost and hibernacula. Loss of California myotis Yes californicus snags Vulnerable to loss of mature and older moist forest, snag Fisher Martes pennanti Yes and down wood. Myotis Sensitive to disturbance at roost and hibernacula. Loss of Fringed myotis Yes thysanodes snags Merriam’s shrew Sorex merriami No Rare. On edge of primary range. Secure on a global basis. North American Gulo gulo Yes Sensitive to disturbance at den sites. wolverine Northern bog Synaptomys Potential loss or degradation of habitat. Potential impact Yes lemming borealis from winter motorized use. Northern flying Glaucomys Originally considered on Idaho species of concern list. Not No squirrel sabrinus identified as species of greatest conservation need. Plan components for Ecosystem Diversity are adequate for Pygmy shrew Sorex hoyi No this species. Townsend’s big- Corynorhinus Sensitive to disturbance at roost and hibernacula. Loss of Yes eared bat townsendii snags. FS mgmt not likely to have an influence on this species Black bear No and/or its habitat in the plan area. Threats other than those on NF lands. Rocky mountain Vulnerability due to lack of security. loss/degradation of Cervus elaphus Yes elk winter range. Plan components for Ecosystem Diversity are adequate for Moose Alces alces No this species. Oreamnos Mountain goat Yes Sensitive to disturbance on winter range. americanus Odocoileus Plan components for Ecosystem Diversity are adequate for Mule deer No hemionus this species. White-tailed deer Odocoileus No Very high populations. Not sensitive to disturbance.

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-29 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Include for Scientific Common name further Justification name analysis virginianus Birds Not known to occur on NF lands. FS mgmt not likely to have Recurvirostra American avocet No an influence on this species and/or its habitat in the plan americana area. On edge of primary range. Cypseloides Black swift Yes Sensitive to disturbance at roost sites (waterfalls). niger Not known to occur on NF lands. FS mgmt not likely to have Black tern Childonias niger No an influence on this species and/or its habitat in the plan area. Black-backed Picoides Yes Loss of snags (large fire, insects, and disease events) woodpecker arcticus Dendragapus Plan components for Ecosystem Diversity are adequate for Blue grouse No obscurus this species. Bohemian Bombycilla Mgmt toward acceptable HRV would provide for this No waxwing garrulus species. Aegolius Boreal owl Yes Loss of snags. Large diameter spruce/subalpine fir funereus Not known to occur on NF lands. FS mgmt not likely to have Larus California gull No an influence on this species and/or its habitat in the plan californicus area. Breeding not known on KIPZ. On edge of primary range. FS Aechmophorus Clark’s grebe No mgmt not likely to have an influence on this species and/or clarkii its habitat in the plan area. Common loon Gavia immer Yes Sensitive to disturbance during nesting season. Otus Loss of snags. Large diameter ponderosa pine and Flammulated owl Yes flammeolus Douglas-fir Uncommon. Threats due to other than FS activities. FS Aquila Golden eagle No mgmt not likely to have an influence on this species and/or chrysaetos its habitat in the plan area. Stable or increasing populations. Secure in Idaho. FS mgmt Great blue heron Ardea herodias No not likely to have an influence on this species and/or its habitat in the plan area. Plan components for Ecosystem Diversity are adequate for Great gray owl Strix nebulosa No this species. Histrionicus Sensitive to human-caused disturbance during nesting Harlequin duck Yes histrionicus season. Hooded Lophdytes Very limited habitat. FS mgmt not likely to have an influence No merganser cucullatus on this species and/or its habitat in the plan area. On edge of primary range. Not known to occur on NF lands. Lesser scaup Aythya affinis No FS mgmt not likely to have an influence on this species and/or its habitat in the plan area. Lewis’s Melanerpes Yes Loss of snag, especially large diameter woodpecker lewis Habitat very limited on KIPZ. On edge of primary range. FS Numenius Long-billed curlew No mgmt not likely to have an influence on this species and/or americanus its habitat in the plan area. Very limited habitat on FS lands. Threats other than Falco Merlin No activities on FS lands. FS mgmt not likely to have an columbarius influence on this species and/or its habitat in the plan area. Northern goshawk Accipiter gentilis Yes Sensitive to human caused disturbance during nesting. Northern pygmy Glaucidium Mgmt towards acceptale HRV should provide for this No owl gnoma species. Not on Idaho PIF priority species list as moderate or high Pileated Dryocopus No priority. Not on Washington species of greatest conservation woodpecker pileatus need for Canadian Rockies ecoregion. Rare. Nesting not known to occur on KIPZ. Threats other Falco Prairie falcon No than activities on FS lands. FS mgmt not likely to have an mexicanus influence on this species and/or its habitat in the plan area. Pygmy nuthatch Sitta pygmaea No Loss of snags. Large diameter ponderosa pine Red-naped Sphyrapicus Yes Loss of snags sapsucker nuchalis Podiceps Threats other than activities on FS lands. FS mgmt not likely Red-necked grebe No grisegena to have an influence on this species and/or its habitat in the

F-30 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Include for Scientific Common name further Justification name analysis plan area. Three-toed Picoides Yes Loss of snags. (large fire, insect, and disease events) woodpecker tridactylus Management for Ecosystem Diversity will provide for this Vaux’s swift No species. Not known to occur on NF lands. FS mgmt not likely to have Aechmophorus Western grebe No an influence on this species and/or its habitat in the plan occidentalis area. Threats other than activities on FS lands. White-headed Picoides Yes Loss of snags, large diameter ponderosa pine. woodpecker albolarvatus White-winged FS mgmt to retain and/or manage for more mature forest to Loxia leucoptera No crossbill allow for more cone production. Williamson’s Sphyrapicus Yes Loss of snags sapsucker thyroideus Uncommon. Not known to occur on NF lands. FS mgmt not Phalaropus Wilson’s phalarope No likely to have an influence on this species and/or its habitat tricolor in the plan area. Terrestrial Invertebrates (mollusks) Radiodiscus Fir pinwheel Yes Ground disturbing activities. abietum Hemphillia Pale jumping slug yes Ground disturbing activities. camelus Aquatic Invertebrates Western pearlshell Margaratifera Yes mussel falcata

Tables F-10 and F-11 list those species to be considered for further analysis as species of concern or species of interest after the screening process.

Table F-10 Species to be considered as Species of Concern Amphibians Idaho giant salamander Birds American peregrine falcon Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusks) Bland Oregonian Humped coin Idaho (dryland) forestsnail Kingston oregonian Lyre mantleslug Pygmy slug Sheathed slug Smokey taildropper Thinlip tightcoil Fish Westslope cutthroat trout Burbot (ling) Plants - all (see table F-3)

Table F-11 Species to be considered as Species of Interest Amphibians Coeur d’Alene salamander Western (boreal) toad Mammals California myotis Fisher

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-31 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Fringed myotis North American Wolverine Northern bog lemming Townsend’s big-eared bat Bighorn sheep Elk Mountain goat Birds Black swift Black-backed woodpecker Boreal owl Common loon Flammulated owl Harlequin duck Lewis’s woodpecker Northern goshawk Pygmy nuthatch Red-naped sapsucker Three-toed woodpecker Williamson’s sapsucker White-headed woodpecker Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusks) Fir pinwheel Pale jumping slug Aquatic invertebrates Western pearlshell mussel Fish Interior redband trout Plants – all (see Table F-5)

Step 3: Grouping Species and Selecting Surrogate Species Species of concern and interest were grouped, where possible, using a hierarchical approach, to facilitate a fine scale species evaluation and develop conservation measures. Wildlife species were grouped based on ecological requirements (habitat needs) and identified risk factors or threats. In many cases, the ecological understanding and resources needed to manage all species on an individual basis are not available. Tremendous efficiencies can be gained from managing groups of species. Species groups were reviewed to determine if a surrogate species could be selected to represent that group. No surrogate species were selected. Plant species of concern and species of interest were placed into habitat guilds established for the major habitat types on the Forest.

The Proposed Forest Plan components for vegetation (including biophysical settings), the Northern Region vegetation matrix, and the Interior Columbia Basin (Wisdom et al. 2000) were reviewed and, as possible, used in this grouping process. Various attempts were made to group species, such as by the biophysical settings warm/dry, warm/moist, and subalpine and then, if necessary, by more species specific habitat requirements. It became apparent that ecosystem diversity plan components would provide for the majority of these species habitat (vegetation) needs; however, other factors important to species, such as human disturbance, require species specific plan components.

F-32 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Wildlife/Fish

Aquatic/Riparian Group This includes those species associated or dependent on aquatic/riparian habitats yearlong or for some critical portion of their life cycle (i.e. nesting, breeding, etc).

Species of Concern: Amphibians - Idaho giant salamander Terrestrial mollusks – humped coin, lyre mantleslug, Pygmy slug, Sheathed slug, Smokey taildropper Fish - Westslope cutthroat trout, burbot.

Species of Interest: Amphibians - Coeur d’Alene salamander, western (boreal) toad Mammals - Fisher, northern bog lemming Birds - Black swift, common loon, harlequin duck, Fish - Interior redband trout. Terrestrial invertebrates - western pearlshell mussel Terrestrial mollusks - Fir pinwheel, pale jumping slug

The Aquatic/riparian group was further refined based on specific habitat requirements for the species identified:

Kootenai River: burbot. Peatlands/bogs/fens: northern bog lemming Lakes >10 acres: common loon Large or perennial streams: harlequin duck, bull trout, interior redband trout, fisher, western pearlshell mussel Waterfalls: black swift Wetlands/general: Idaho giant salamander, western toad Seeps, spray zones: Coeur d’Alene salamander Aquatic associated terrestrial mollusks: humped coin, lyre mantleslug, pygmy slug, sheathed slug, smokey taildropper, fir pinwheel, pale jumping slug.

Terrestrial Group

Species of Concern: Peregrine falcon - cliffs/nesting sites Terrestrial mollusks - Bland Oregonian, Idaho (dryland) forestsnail, Kingston Oregonian, thinlip tightcoil

Species of Interest: Mammals – California myotis, fisher, fringed myotis, North American wolverine, Townsend’ big-eared bat, elk, mountain goat. Birds – black-backed woodpecker, boreal owl, flammulated owl, Lewis’s woodpecker, northern goshawk, pygmy nuthatch, red-naped sapsucker, three-toed woodpecker, Williamson’s sapsucker, white-headed woodpecker.

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-33 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

The terrestrial group was further refined based on specific habitat requirements for the species identified:

Bat group – California myotis, fringed myotis, Townsend’s big-eared bat. Burned forest group - black-backed woodpecker, Lewis’s woodpecker, three-toed woodpecker.

Snag and down wood (Coarse Woody Debris) associated/dependent species – black-backed woodpecker, boreal owl, California myotis, fisher, flammulated owl, fringed myotis, Lewis’s woodpecker, pygmy nuthatch, red-naped sapsucker, three-toed woodpecker, townsend’s big- eared bat, Williamson’s sapsucker, white-headed woodpecker.

Many of the species in this group are associated with older forest and large snags, logs and cavities. Individual species requirements may vary by snag size and species. Some species in this group are associated with a particular habitat type such as warm/dry; others are associated with a particular size class such as large/very large; and still others are general in nature. Some species are also directly associated with burned forest or insect and disease impacted forests.

Big game – generalists: Elk – security/winter range habitats Big game – Subalpine Mountain goat – winter habitats

Tables F-12 and F-13 list the species of concern and species interest and associated groups.

Table F-12 Species of Concern and Species Groups Common name Scientific name Species group Birds American peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus Cliffs - nesting Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusks) Bland Oregonian Cryptomastix mullani Talus/rock - Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusk) blandi Humped coin Polygyrella polygyrella Aquatic - Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusk) Idaho (Dryland) forestsnail Allogona ptychophora Talus/rock -Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusk) solida Kingston Oregonian Cryptomastix sanburni Talus/rock -Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusk) Lyre mantleslug Udosarx lyrata lyrata Aquatic - Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusk) Pygmy slug Kootenaia burkei Aquatic - Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusk) Sheathed slug Zacoleus idahoensis Aquatic - Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusk) Smokey taildropper Prophysaon humile Aquatic - Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusk) Thinlip tightcoil Pristiloma idahoense Talus/rock -Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusk) Fish Westslope cutthroat trout Salmo clarki lewisi Aquatic - streams Burbot (ling) Lota lota Aquatic - streams

F-34 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Common name Scientific name Species group Fisher Martes pennanti Aquatic – perennial streams Fringed myotis Myotis thysanodes Bat North American Wolverine Gulo gulo luscus Subalpine cirque basins Northern bog lemming Synaptomys borealis Aquatic – peatlands/bogs Townsend’s big-eared bat Corynorhinus townsendii Bat Elk Cervus elaphus nelsoni Big game – generalist Mountain goat Oreamos americanus Big game – subalpine – winter habitats Birds Black swift Cypseloides niger Aquatic - waterfalls Black-backed woodpecker Picoides arcticus Burned forest/snags Boreal owl Aegolius funereus Snags - Subalpine Common loon Gavia immer Aquatic – lakes >10 acres Flammulated owl Otus flammeolus Warm/dry habitats/snags Harlequin duck Histrionicus histrionicus Aquatic – large streams Lewis’s woodpecker Melanerpes lewis Burned forest/snags Northern goshawk Accipiter gentilis Warm forest/moist forest Pygmy nuthatch Sitta pygmaea Snags – warm/dry Red-naped sapsucker Sphyrapicus nuchalis Snags Three-toed woodpecker Picoides tridactylus Burned forest/snags Williamson’s sapsucker Sphyrapicus thyroideus Snags White-headed woodpecker Picoides albolarvatus Snags – warm/dry Fish Interior redband trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Aquatic - streams gairdneri Aquatic invertebrates Western pearlshell mussel Margaratifera falcata Aquatic – fish bearing streams Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusks) Fir pinwheel Radiodiscus abietum Aquatic - Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusk) Pale jumping slug Hemphillia camelus Aquatic - Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusk)

Plants

Habitat guilds Habitat guilds were established for the major habitat types on the Forest. Plants on the species of concern and interest lists were placed into the various habitat guilds for further analysis. A description of each of the habitat guilds follows. 1. aquatic 2. peatland a. poor fen b. intermediate/rich fen c. ombotrophic d. paludified forest e. shrub carr 3. deciduous riparian 4. wet forest 5. moist forest 6. dry forest 7. cold forest 8. subalpine

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-35 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Aquatic Guild This guild occurs generally in littoral (< 2 meters) zones of vernal pools, small ponds and lakes, generally at lower elevations. Potamogeton natans (floating-leaved pondweed), Myriophyllum species (water-milfoil), Utricularia species (bladderworts), and other Potamogeton species occur alone or in combination in shallow littoral zones. Nuphar polysepalum (yellow pond lily) and Brasenia shreberi (water-shield) are frequently present as monocultures in deeper littoral zones. Potamogeton amplifolius (large-leaved pondweed), Potamogeton praelongus (white- stalked pondweed), and Potamogeton richardsonii (Richardson's pondweed) are common in deep limnetic zones (> 2 meters) of many lakes. The rare species Scirpus subterminalis (water clubrush) is a member of the aquatic guild.

Peatland Guild Peatlands by definition are habitats whose soil substrate is composed of organic material, where deposition of organic material exceeds decomposition. In north Idaho, peatland habitats are found mostly in the northern three subbasins (Priest, Kootenai and Pend Oreille). This guild can be divided into five distinct sub-guilds, each containing different plant communities and species, substrates, pH and abiotic processes: • poor fen • intermediate/rich fen • ombrotrophic bog • paludified forest • shrub carr

Poor fens occur in glacial scours, kettle holes, isolated oxbows, old lake beds, and at or near the heads of drainages where inflow is limited. Thick layers of Sphagnum peat have accumulated since the end of continental glaciation, about 6,000 - 7,000 years ago. Poor fens are minerotrophic, receiving nutrients from water percolating through mineral soil or bedrock, and are quite acidic (pH values 4-6). These communities are characterized by a solid mat of Sphagnum moss with scattered stems of vascular plants, including rare plants such as Carex chordorrhiza (string-root sedge). Poor fens support the oldest plant communities and have changed little since the end of glaciation 6,000-7,000 years ago (Bursik and Moseley 1995; Moseley 1998). These communities are often erroneously referred to as 'bogs', especially when they occur on floating mats in seepage lakes.

Ombrotrophic bog ('true bog') communities occur in glacial scours, kettle holes, isolated oxbows, old lake beds, and at or near the heads of drainages where inflow is limited. Unlike poor fens, the thick mats of peat accumulate upwards forming hummocks, often at the base of shrubs or downed logs, and are above the influence of the water table. Incoming water and nutrients (from precipitation) are held above the water table, primarily by the low hydraulic conductivity of the Sphagnum peat. Vascular species are few or absent and are restricted to those tolerant of acidic conditions (poor fen species). Rare plants like Carex chordorrhiza (string-root sedge), are adapted to these harsh environments. The pH values are very acidic, ranging from pH 3- pH 4. Compared to rich fens (pH 6 - 7.5) the pH difference is equal to the difference between vinegar and salt water (Crum 1992).

F-36 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest vascular plant species, especially sedges, while rich fens have few (if any) Sphagnum species present. Organic soils of rich fens are formed by accumulation of sedge, grass and brown moss peat (Aulacomnium and Calliergon species). Carex lasiocarpa (slender sedge), Typha latifolia (cattails), and willow (Salix species)-dominated community types may occur as rich fens.

Rich fens are the most floristically diverse of the peatland types. Like poor fens, intermediate and rich fen communities can occur on floating or fixed organic mats. Floating mats contain some of the most ecologically stable communities occurring in north Idaho peatlands because they adjust to fluctuating water levels annually, maintaining constant contact with water and never becoming inundated like fixed (shore) mats. The pH values for intermediate and rich fens can vary from pH 6 - 7.5.

Paludified forests typically occur on the margins of closed peatland basins and often form a mosaic with poor fen, rich fen, or shrub-carr communities. These communities occur with the expansion of peatlands and result from a rise in the water table from peat accumulation. Paludification is thought to precede the formation of poor fen and true bog (ombrotrophic) habitats (Crum 1992). Paludified forests are characterized by an overstory of conifers, usually Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) and P. monticola (white pine), with lesser amounts of Abies lasiocarpa (subalpine fir), A. grandis (grand fir), Picea engelmannii (Engelmann spruce), Thuja plicata (western redcedar) or Tsuga heterophylla (western hemlock), with a soil that is Sphagnum peat. The understory is dominated by Sphagnum moss species and some vascular plants, including some rare species found in poor fens and ombrotrophic bogs.

Shrub-carr habitats include moist shrubland riparian communities. Habitats dominated by willows and other shrubs occur in nearly impenetrable patches along low gradient channels, as stringers or on narrow flood plains along high gradient streams, as mosaic patches within riparian forests, and on margins of meadows and fen communities. Most commonly, one or more shrubs dominate vast areas of moist to wet, seasonally flooded fens or riparian zones. Shrub-carrs often contain willow-dominated shrub lands associated with low gradient meandering channels or fens, and are characterized by Salix drummondiana (Drummond's willow) with lesser amounts of or codominance by Salix geyeriana (Geyer's willow) and S. sitchensis (Sitka willow); they may also contain S. bebbiana var. bebbiana (Bebb's willow) or Alnus incana (thinleaf alder) community types. The rare willows Salix candida (hoary willow) and Salix pedicellaris (bog willow) can be found in shrub-carrs and in shrub/fen mosaics.

Willows are frequently absent or a minor component of shrub lands associated with higher gradient streams. Alnus incana (thinleaf alder), Alnus sinuata (Sitka alder), Cornus sericea (red- osier dogwood) and Rhamnus alnifolia (alder buckthorn) occur as community dominants along higher gradient streams. Patches of Cornus sericea (red-osier dogwood), Salix bebbiana var. bebbiana (Bebb's willow), Crataegus douglasii (Douglas hawthorn) and Crataegus suksdorfii (Suksdorf's hawthorn) are common in association with cottonwood forests on larger stream systems. Channel bars are frequently vegetated with Salix exigua (coyote willow). Rare plant species found in shrub-carr communities include Cypripedium parviflorum (yellow lady's slipper), Dryopteris cristata (crested shield-fern), and Lycopodium dendroideum (groundpine). Rare Botrychium species (moonworts) can also be found on the margins of these communities.

Deciduous riparian Guild Broad-leaved deciduous forests occur on islands and margins of lowland major rivers in the Kaniksu zone such as the Kootenai, lower Clark Fork, Pend Oreille and lower Priest rivers, and along the shores of Pend Oreille Lake and Priest Lake. These forests are most commonly

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-37 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest dominated by Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood), with lesser amounts of introduced P. deltoides (plains cottonwood) and escaped hybrid poplars (Populus trichocarpa X ?), which were planted for streambank stability. Cottonwood communities often are adjacent to shrub-carr communities and can form an indistinguishable mosaic. Collema curtisporum (short-spored jelly lichen) is a rare coastal disjunct lichen found on large diameter black cottonwood.

Stands of Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen) are also present and associated with higher gradient streams or moist seeps. P. tremuloides (quaking aspen), Betula papyrifera (paper birch) and Betula occidentalis (water birch) also occur as secondary components in lowland conifer- dominated forests. Alnus rubra (red alder) is an uncommon but sometimes locally abundant coastal disjunct. It can be a codominant in moist forests in lower elevation riparian zones and meadow margins.

Wet forest Guild This guild is found in wet, generally riparian, often mid- to late-successional western redcedar and western hemlock plant communities, including most identified 'ancient cedar groves' found scattered throughout the northern sub basins, generally at less than 4,000 feet. Certain plant communities within these systems, including Thuja plicata / Oplopanax horridum (cedar/devil's club), Thuja plicata / Athyrium filix-femina (cedar/ladyfern), Thuja plicata / Adiantum aleuticum (cedar/maidenhair fern), Tsuga heterophylla / Gymnocarpium dryopteris (western hemlock/oakfern) and Thuja plicata / Gymnocarpium dryopteris (cedar/oakfern), have a high potential to support rare plants. Clear moss is associated with seeps and "boggy" areas in wet cedar forests.

Other rare species are boreal disjuncts or boreal peripherals such as Phegopteris connectilis (northern beech fern) and Lycopodium dendroideum (groundpine). Certain scattered rare species like the Botrychium species (moonworts), especially Botrychium montanum (western goblin), B. minganense (Mingan moonwort), B. pedunculosum (stalked moonwort), B. paradoxum and B. ascendens (upswept moonwort) occur in these communities on riparian benches or other shallow- sloped microsites. Wet forest communities can also contain, or intergrade into, peatland communities such that Peatland Guild species and Wet Forest Guild species can overlap across the landscape. Some of the Wet Forest Guild species can also be found in Moist Forest Guild habitats.

Moist forest Guild This guild is found in moist Thuja plicata (western redcedar) and Tsuga heterophylla (western hemlock) plant communities, generally in mid- to late-successional stages below 4,800 feet. A few species can also be found in moist Abies grandis / Asarum caudatum (grand fir / ginger) and Abies grandis / Clintonia uniflora (grand fir / queencup beadlily) communities. Certain members of the Wet Forest Guild can also be found in these more mesic upland plant communities. This guild contains the following plant communities: Tsuga heterophylla / Asarum caudatum (hemlock/wild ginger), T. heterophylla / A. caudatum - Aralia nudicaulis (hemlock/ginger - wild sarsaparilla), T. heterophylla / Clintonia uniflora (hemlock / beadlily), T. heterophylla / C. uniflora - Aralia nudicaulis (hemlock / beadlily - wild sarsaparilla), T. heterophylla / C. uniflora - Menziesia ferruginea (hemlock / beadlily - fool's huckleberry), Thuja plicata / Asarum caudatum (cedar/ginger) and Thuja plicata / Clintonia uniflora (cedar/beadlily). Rare Botrychium species (moonworts), especially Botrychium minganense (Mingan moonwort) and B. lanceolatum (triangle moonwort) can be found in shallow-sloped microsites. The boreal species Lycopodium dendroideum (ground pine) can also occur in these more mesic communities.

F-38 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Dry forest Guild This guild encompasses dry, open sites in Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine), Pseudotsuga menziesii / Physocarpus malvaceus (Douglas-fir / ninebark), P. menziesii / Calamagrostis rubescens - Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Douglas-fir / pinegrass - kinnikinnick) and P. menziesii / Festuca idahoensis (Douglas-fir / Idaho fescue) or / Agropyron spicatum [Elymus spicata] (bluebunch wheatgrass) communities, generally below 4,500 feet.

Cold forest Guild Includes the more productive and mesic phases of Abies lasiocarpa / Menziesia ferruginea (subalpine fir/menziesia) and Abies lasiocarpa/Xerophyllum tenax (subalpine fir/beargrass) community types, mostly above 4,800 feet; however, they can occur below 4,800 feet in cold, north-facing drainages. This includes cold riparian areas that can extend well below 4,000 feet and are dominated by cold and wet Abies lasiocarpa / Calamagrostis canadensis (subalpine fir / bluejoint reedgrass) and Abies lasiocarpa / Streptopus amplexifolius (subalpine fir/twisted stalk) communities.

Subalpine forest Guild Includes certain plant communities found at high elevation sites, generally above about 5,000 feet, mostly on ridges, subalpine parklands (subalpine grass and sedge communities), exposed rock outcrops and the following harsh, high elevation communities:

• Abies lasiocarpa (subalpine fir) krummholtz • Abies lasiocarpa / Rhododendron albiflorum (subalpine fir/white rhododendron) • Salix commutata (undergreen willow) • Abies lasiocarpa / Vaccinium scoparium (subalpine fir/grouse whortleberry) • Abies lasiocarpa / Luzula hitchcockii (subalpine fir/smooth woodrush) • Larix lyallii (subalpine larch) / Pinus albicaulis (whitebark pine)

It also includes the harshest (cold and dry) phases of Abies lasiocarpa / Menziesia ferruginea (subalpine fir / menziesia) and Abies lasiocarpa / Xerophyllum tenax (subalpine fir / beargrass) plant communities.

Tables F-14 and F-15 list the plant species of concern and plant species of interest, respectively, and their associated habitat guild.

Table F-14 Plant Species of Concern Common name Scientific name Species group or plant habitat guild Upswept moonwort Botrychium ascendens Wet forest Dainty moonwort Botrychium crenulatum Wet forest Western goblin Botrychium montanum Wet forest Peculiar moonwort Botrychium paradoxum Wet forest/moist forest Stalked moonwort Botrychium pedunculosum Wet forest Green bug-on-a-stick Buxbaumia viridis Wet forest Broad-fruit mariposa lily Calochortus nitidus Dry forest Constance's bittercress Cardamine constancei Deciduous riparian/moist/Wet forest Short-spored jelly lichen Collema curtisporum Deciduous riparian Case's fitweed Corydalis caseana spp. hastata Wet forest Britton's dry rock moss Grimmia brittoniae Moist forest/dry forest Howell's gumweed Grindelia howellii Dry forest

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-39 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Old man's beard Nodobryoria subdivergens Subalpine Tapered matchstick Pilophorus clavatus Wet forest Tattered rag lichen Platismatia herrei Moist forest/Wet forest Netted specklebelly Pseudocyphellaria anomala Wet forest Leiberg's tauschia Tauschia tenuissima Dry/moist forest Whiteworm lichen Thamnolia subuliformis Subalpine Large spore ulota moss Ulota megalospora Wet forest Idaho barren strawberry Waldsteinia idahoensis Moist forests/Wet forest

Table 15 Plant Species of Interest Common name Scientific name Species group or plant habitat guild Bog rosemary Andromeda polifolia Peatland Maidenhair spleenwort Asplenium trichomanes ssp. Rock seeps in moist/wet forest trichomanes Rush aster Symphytotrichum boreale (Aster Peatland junciformis) Bourgeau's milkvetch Astragalus bourgovii Subalpine Dwarf birch Betula pumila v. glandulifera Peatland/deciduous riparian Deerfern Blechnum spicant Wet forest/moist forest Triangle moonwort Botrychium lanceolatum Wet forest/moist forest Moonwort Botrychium lunaria Wet forest Michigan moonwort Botrychium "michiganense" Mesic meadows/moist forest Mingan moonwort Botrychium minganense Wet forest/moist forest Northwestern moonwort Botrychium pinnatum Wet forest/moist forest Least moonwort Botrychium simplex Wet forest/moist forest Buxbaum's sedge Carex buxbaumii Peatland/Wet forest/moist forest California sedge Carex californica Subalpine String-root sedge Carex chordorrhiza Peatland Bristly sedge Carex comosa Peatland Yellow sedge Carex flava Peatland Henderson’s sedge Carex hendersonii Moist/wet forest Bristle-stalked sedge Carex leptalea Peatland Pale sedge Carex livida Peatland Poor sedge Carex magellanica ssp. irrigua (C. Peatland paupercula) Phantom orchid Cephalanthera austiniae Moist/wet forest (Eburophyton austiniae) Bog birch lichen Cetraria sepincola Peatland Bulb-bearing water Cicuta bulbifera Aquatic/peatland hemlock Toy soldiers Cladonia bellidiflora Wet forest Transcending reindeer Cladonia transcendens Wet forest lichen Clustered lady's slipper Cypripedium fasciculatum Moist forest/dry forest Yellow Lady’s-slipper Cypripedium parviflorum Peatland/deciduous riparian Sitka clubmoss Diphasiastrum sitchense Subalpine/cold forest White-flowered shooting Dodecatheon dentatum Wet forest star Spoon-leaved sundew Drosera intermedia Peatland Crested shield fern Dryopteris cristata Peatland Swamp willow-weed Epilobium palustre Peatland Green-keeled cotton grass Eriophorum viridicarinatum Peatland Creeping snowberry Gaultheria hispidula Wet forest/Peatland Large Canadian St. John's Hypericum majus Peatland wort Blue flag iris Iris versicolor Peatland Tweedy's ivesia Ivesia tweedyi Subalpine Hall's lung wort Lobaria hallii Deciduous riparian Many-fruit false-loosestrife Ludwigia polycarpa Peatland/aquatic

F-40 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Common name Scientific name Species group or plant habitat guild Northern bog clubmoss Lycopodiella inundata Peatland Ground pine Lycopodium dendroideum Wet/moist/cold forest/deciduous riparian Beadruby Mahonia nervosa Peatland Meesia Meesia longiseta Peatland Chickweed monkeyflower Mimulus alsinoides Rock cliffs/seeps in wet/moist /dry forest Bank monkeyflower Mimulus clivicola Dry forest Marsh muhly Muhlenbergia glomerata Peatland Pine broomrape Orobanche pinorum Dry forest Trillium-leaved wood- Oxalis trilliifolia Wet forest sorrel Arrowleaf coltsfoot Petasites sagittatus Peatland Northern beechfern Phegopteris connectilis Wet forest Devil's matchstick lichen Pilophorus acicularis Wet forest Whitebark pine Pinus albicaulis Subalpine Round-leaved orchid Platanthera orbiculata Moist forest/Wet forest Braun's holly fern Polystichum braunii Wet forest Naked mnium Rhizomnium nudum Wet forest White beakrush Rhynchospora alba Peatland Red-flowered current Ribes sanguineum Moist forest Sitka mistmaiden Romanzoffia sitchensis Subalpine Salmonberry Rubus spectabilis Wet forest Hoary willow Salix candida Peatland/deciduous riparian Bog willow Salix pedicellaris Peatland Pod grass Scheuchzeria palustris Peatland Water clubrush Schoenoplectus subterminalis Aquatic (Scirpus subterminalis) Lance-leaved sedum Sedum rupicola Subalpine Christmas tree lichen Sphaerophorus globosus Wet forest Mendocine peatmoss Sphagnum mendocinum Peatland Krushea Streptopus streptopoides Wet forest/cold forest Short-styled sticky Triantha occidentalis ssp. brevistyla Peatland Tofieldia Hudson's bay bulrush Trichophorum alpinum (Scirpus Peatland hudsonianus) Northern starflower Trientalis europaea (T. arctica) Peatland Western starflower Trientalis latifolia Deciduous riparian/moist/Wet forest Bog cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos Peatland Wild celery Vallisneria americana Aquatic Selkirk's violet Viola selkirkii Wet forest

Step 4: Plan Components for Species Diversity Ecosystem diversity protections are included in the Proposed Forest Plan strategy and plan components, with direction to maintain or trend vegetative conditions toward a more natural level for various size classes and dominance types as well as old forest/old growth and down wood.

Where it was determined that plan components for ecosystem diversity would not fully address a species or group of species requirements, forest plan components were developed for those species group(s) or individual species to provide for habitats and reduce risks or threats Examples of providing for individual species or groups of species are as follows:

1. Managing for appropriate amounts and distribution of habitats used by the species, including habitat restoration, if necessary.

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-41 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

2. Managing natural and human disturbance factors (wildland fire, roads, trails, dams, and so forth) so their impacts on the species are acceptable. 3. Managing biotic interaction 4. Managing for disturbances that are key to species survival. 5. Managing currently known species locations. This may involve all locations or a subset of locations. 6. Managing newly discovered locations. This could involve all or a subset of locations. 7. Maintaining suitable habitat that is not currently occupied but has a high likelihood of being occupied in the near future.

Forest plan components have been developed for the various species groups and individual species identified above. Many of the species on the Species of Concern and Species of Interest lists would be adequately protected by one or more of the following Forest Plan components:

• Forest Service management to maintain ecosystem diversity through maintaining or restoring ecological communities of sufficient size, composition, structure, and distribution would provide adequate habitat for many species and provide adequate prey for predators. • The range of aquatic protections such as buffered riparian areas and wetlands would generally protect aquatic and wetland species and protect habitat important to many other species. • Active raptor nests would be adequately protected during the nesting season. • Reducing or eliminating the number of human/wildlife interactions and human caused disturbance during critical timeframes, such as nesting, denning etc. • Federally Listed Species With the exception of the Canada lynx, all T&E species are regulated by recovery plans that include direction for recovery of that particular species. In addition to recovery plans, direction may also be found in State recovery plans, terms and conditions from Biological Opinions and other pertinent regulatory documents.

Grizzly Bear: Direction from the Forest Plan Amendment for Motorized Access Management within the Selkirk and Cabinet-Yaak Grizzly Bear Recovery Zones will be carried forward into the Proposed Land Management Plan for management of grizzly bear. Emphasis will be placed on minimizing the risk of mortality and providing habitat conditions for movement within and between recovery zones.

Bald eagle, Gray wolf: Current management direction for bald eagle and gray wolf will continue to minimize disturbance to nest sites and dens. Proposed Forest Plan components have been developed for the completion of management plans for bald eagle nests on IPNF lands.

Canada Lynx: Current management direction for lynx (Lynx Conservation Assessment and Strategy) will continue to be used for management of lynx habitat until such time as the Northern Rockies Lynx Amendment is complete.

Woodland caribou: Current management direction for woodland caribou will continue to emphasize providing adequate habitat components, increasing the amount of suitable habitat (late succession/old growth), maintaining historic travel/movement corridors, reducing mortality and mininmizing human caused disturbance (especially during the winter season).

F-42 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Species of Concern and Species of Interest Tables F-16 and F-17 display the species of concern and species of interest, respectively, and related Proposed Land Management Plan components.

Table F-16 Species of Concern and Proposed Forest Plan Components Common name Plan components Amphibians Idaho giant salamander Aquatic protections and ecosystem diversity Birds Birds American Peregrine falcon Species protection component and ecosystem diversity Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusks) Bland Oregonian Terrestrial mollusk component Humped coin Aquatic protections/terrestrial mollusk component Idaho (dryland) forestsnail Terrestrial mollusk component Kingston oregonian Terrestrial mollusk component Lyre mantleslug Aquatic protections/terrestrial mollusk component Pygmy slug Aquatic protections/terrestrial mollusk component Sheathed slug Aquatic protections/terrestrial mollusk component Smokey taildropper Aquatic protections/terrestrial mollusk component Thinlip tightcoil Terrestrial mollusk component Fish Westslope cutthroat trout Aquatic protections Burbot Aquatic protections Plants All Species protection component

Table F-17 Species of Interest and Proposed Forest Plan Components Common name Plan components Amphibians Coeur d’Alene salamander Aquatic protections Western (boreal) toad Aquatic protections and ecosystem diversity Mammals California myotis Bat group components, snag components and ecosystem diversity Fisher Aquatic protections, ecosystem diversity Fringed myotis Bat group components, snag components and ecosystem diversity. North American Wolverine Species protection component – subalpine cirques Northern bog lemming Aquatic protections/ habitat protection component Townsend’s big-eared bat Bat group components, snag components, and ecosystem diversity. Elk Big game components and ecosystem diversity Mountain goat Species protection component – winter habitats Birds Black swift Aquatic protections Black-backed woodpecker Snag component, burned forest component and ecosystem diversity Boreal owl Snag component, ecosystem diversity for subalpine Common loon Aquatic protections, species protection component and ecosystem diversity Flammulated owl Snag component, species protection component and ecosystem diversity for warm/dry Harlequin duck Aquatic protections, species protection component and ecosystem diversity Lewis’s woodpecker Snag component, burned forest component and ecosystem diversity Northern goshawk Raptor nest protection and ecosystem diversity. Pygmy nuthatch Snag component and ecosystem diversity for warm/dry Red-naped sapsucker Snag component and ecosystem diversity Three-toed woodpecker Snag component, burned forest component and ecosystem diversity White-headed woodpecker Snag component and ecosystem diversity for warm/dry

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-43 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Common name Plan components Williamson’s sapsucker Snag component and ecosystem diversity Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusks) Fir pinwheel Aquatic protections/terrestrial mollusk component Pale jumping slug Aquatic protections/terrestrial mollusk component Aquatic invertebrates Western pearlshell Aquatic protections Fish Interior redband trout Aquatic protections Plants All Species protection component

Step 5: Evaluation of Plan Components on Species Diversity These provisions are consistent with the limits of agency authorities, the capability of the plan area, and overall multiple use objectives. The combination of components for ecosystem diversity and components for species diversity have been designed to help provide appropriate ecological conditions for all species that have been identified as federally listed species, species of concern and species of interest. Recovery plans, existing conservation strategies and agreements were considered in developing plan components.

Rankings (both NatureServe and State) of species of concern and species of interest change periodically as new information is acquired. These databases will be reviewed and Forest species of concern and species of interest lists upgraded annually. Federally listed species will be updated at the time they are removed or added to the Threatened and Endangered Species List.

Table F-18 lists the plant species are currently on the regional watch list. These are species that have not been identified as species of concern or species of interest, but may be added in the future, depending on new information concerning threats, species biology, or statewide trends. The watch list includes species with insufficient data on population or habitat trends or the threats are poorly understood. There are indications that these species may warrant special status species designation and appropriate inventory or research efforts should be a management priority. These species have historical occurrences (H) on the forest or are highly suspected (S) of occurring on the forest, but have not yet been found.

Table F-18 Plants on Regional Watch List Species Common Name Rare Plant Guild Botrychium lineare (H) linear-leaved moonwort Moist Forest/ Wet Forest Tripterocladium leucocladulum (H) tripterocladium moss Moist / Dry Forest (granite to basalt rock substrates) Astragalus microcystis (H) least bladdery milkvetch Dry Forest Hookeria lucens (H) clear moss Wet Forest Buxbaumia aphylla (S) leafless bug-on-a-stick Subalpine Epipactis gigantea (S) giant helleborine Peatland / Seeps Lobaria scrobiculata (S) textured lungwort Rock cliffs in Dry Forest Pentagramma triangularis (S) goldback fern Wet Forest Thelypteris nevadensis (S) Sierra woodfern Wet Forest (seeps)

F-44 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Appendix F: Species of Concern and Species of Interest – Kootenai National Forest

Introduction This report documents the identification and selection of species of concern and species of interest by the Forest Supervisor for the Kootenai National Forest for the Proposed Land Management Plan.

The Kootenai National Forest is responsible for the management of approximately 2.2 million acres. The majority of the land administered by the Forest is located in Lincoln and Sanders counties, Montana with small portions in Flathead County, Montana and Bonner and Boundary counties, Idaho. The forest is bordered on the North by Canada, on the west by the Idaho Panhandle National Forests, on the east by the Flathead National Forest and on the south by the Lolo National Forest. Coordination with representatives of the various adjacent forests has occurred during this analysis process.

The initial focus of the assessment process is on ecosystem diversity, both in addressing the needs of healthy, diverse, and resilient ecosystems within the plan area, and in determining the extent to which maintaining ecosystem diversity will also maintain populations of plant and animal species within their ranges in the plan area. Ecosystem diversity is defined as the variety and relative extent of ecosystem types including their composition, structure, and processes. An assumption relative to terrestrial animals is that ecosystem diversity will maintain habitat for the persistence of the vast majority of species. This has often been referred to as the “coarse filter” conservation approach. For the Kootenai, a coarse filter ecosystem diversity evaluation was used to compare existing vegetation communities to a set of reference conditions in order to evaluate changes in disturbance regimes and ecological communities. See Appendix B of the CER (Range of Variability) for a complete description of the process used. Based on the results of this evaluation, proposed forest plan components were developed to maintain or move vegetation communities towards a desired level or condition.

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-45 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest vertebrates and invertebrates known to occur on land administered by the Kootenai National Forest were considered.

Specifically species included are: • Species listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act • Species of concern • Species of interest

Step 1: Identification of species

Species known to occur on the Forests For each of the criteria identified below for identification of threatened and endangered species and species of concern and species of interest, only those species known to occur on the Forest were considered. A list of vertebrate wildlife species known to occur on the KIPZ was completed for the AMS. For vertebrate species, an inventory was compiled using historical records, national forest, state, county and internet databases. Very little information is available on the Forest for terrestrial invertebrates. To obtain known occurrences of terrestrial invertebrates (mollusks), representatives from the states of Montana and Idaho provided a list of species and locations (Montana Natural Heritage Program and Idaho Conservation Data Center). The species list for the Forest was compared to other species lists recently compiled for large scale analyses, such as the Kootenai River Sub-basin Assessment and the Canadian Rockies Ecoregional Assessment, both of which cover all or a large portion of the KNF. Dan Casey with the Montana Natural Heritage Program reviewed the list of bird species for the KNF and helped with occurrence data. During this analysis process, additional species were identified as having known occurrences or observations on the KNF and were added to the list.

Sources used in compiling this information includes (but is not limited to) the following:

Montana Natural Heritage Program. Available at http://nhp.nris.staate.mt.us.pdf Idaho Conservation Data Center and Idaho Fish and Game. Available at http://fishandgame.idaho.gov.pdf Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Available at http://www.fwp.state.mt.us.pdf NatureServe. Available at http://www.NatureServe.org.pdf USFWS birds of conservation concern national priority list. Available at http://migratorybirds.fws.gov.pdf Northern Region sensitive species list. http://fsweb.r1.fs.fed.us/wildlife/wwfrp.pdf

F-46 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Coordination with the Regional Office and zone revisions forests (Western Montana Planning Zone and Clearwater/Nez Perce) occurred during this analysis.

Table F-1 displays the threatened and endangered species on the KNF.

Table F-1 Threatened and Endangered Species Species common name Scientific name Status Wildlife Gray wolf Canis lupus Threatened and experimental/non essential Bald eagle Haliaeetis leucocephalus Threatened Canada lynx Lynx canadensis Threatened Grizzly bear Ursus arctos horribilis Threatened Fish Kootenai River white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus Endangered

Bull trout Salvelinus confluentus Threatened Plants Water howellia Howellia aquatilis Threatened Spalding’s campion Silene spaldingii Threatened

Table F-2 Criteria for Identifying Species to be Considered for Species of Concern and Species of Interest Species of concern Criteria Species of interest Criteria 1) Species identified as proposed and candidate 1) Species with ranks of S-1, S-2, N1, or N2 on the species under the ESA. NatureServe ranking system. Those species ranked as S1/S2 in the Montana Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy were also included. 2) Species with ranks of G-1 through G-3 on the 2) State listed threatened and endangered species Natureserve ranking system that do not meet the criteria as species of concern.

3) Infraspecific (subspecific) taxa with ranks of T-1 3) Species identified as Species of Greatest through T-3 on the Natureserve ranking system. Conservation Concern in State Comprehensive Wildlife Strategies. Tier 1 species identified as species of greatest conservation need in the Montana Comprehensive Fish and Wildlife Conservation Strategy were included.

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Species of concern Criteria Species of interest Criteria 4) Species that have been petitioned for federal 4) Bird species on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife listing and for which a positive “90 day finding” has Service Birds of Conservation Concern (BCC) been made (a 90 day finding is a preliminary National Priority List. Species listed for Bird finding that substantive information was provided Conservation Region 10 were included. indicating that the petition listing may be warranted and a full status review will be conducted). No species were identified. 5) Species that have been recently delisted (these 5) Additional species that valid, existing information include species delisted within five years and other indicates are of regional or local conservation delisted species for which regulatory agency concern due to factors that may include: a) monitoring is still considered necessary). significant threats to populations or habitat, b) declining trends in populations or habitat, c) rarity, or d) restricted ranges (for example, narrow endemics, disjunct populations, or species at the edge of their range). Species previously identified as Region 1 sensitive species, Region 1 species at risk, and species on Montana species of concern list were included. Species identified as being of tribal concern or identified as of local concern during public meetings and/or from various comment periods were also considered. 6) Species that are hunted or fished and other species of public interest. Invasive species may also be considered. Big game species with established hunting seasons were included on the list. No invasive wildlife species were included.

Table F-3 Species to be considered for Species of Concern Common name Scientific name Ranking Occurrence Birds American peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus G4T3 Seasonal Tympanuchus phasianellus Possibly Columbian sharp-tailed grouse G4T3 columbianus extirpated Terrestrial Invertebrates (mollusks) Magnum mantleslug (Spotted Magnipelta mycophaga G3 slug) Pygmy slug Kootenaia burkei G2 Sheathed slug Zacoleus idahoensis G3G4 Smokey taildropper Prophysaon humile G3 Terrestrial invertebrates (Insects) Gillette’s checkerspot butterfly Euphydryas gillettii G2G3 Fish Westslope cutthroat trout Salmo clarki lewisi G4T3 Burbot (ling) Lota lota G5T1 Plants Common name Scientific name Short-beaked Aloe-moss Aloina brevirostris

F-48 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Common name Scientific name Ranking Occurrence Upswept moonwort Botrychium ascendens Dainty moonwort Botrychium crenulatum Western moonwort Botrychium hesperium Western goblin Botrychium montanum Pale moonwort Botrychium pallidum Peculiar moonwort Botrychium paradoxum Stalked moonwort Botrychium pedunculosum Horsehair lichen Bryoria subdivergens Disc lichen Buellia badia Icelandmoss Cetraria subalpina Needle lichen Chaenotheca subroscida Short-spored jelly lichen Collema curtisporum Britton's dry rock moss Grimmia brittoniae Washington monkeyflower Mimulus washingtonensis Ragged lichen Platismatia stenophylla Cartilage lichen Ramalina thrausta Spribillei’s groundsel Senecio spribillei

j. Species habitat or population has declined significantly in the plan area. k. Species and its habitats are not well distributed in the plan area. l. Species population numbers are low in the plan area. m. Species is dependent on a specialized and/or limited habitat in the plan area. n. Species is subject to some imminent threat (for example, invasion of exotic species into habitat or disturbance due to road systems). o. Species habitat or population is not generally secure within its range and NFS lands act as an important refuge. p. Species is of public interest, including those species identified cooperatively with state Fish and Wildlife Agencies consistent with the Sikes Act. q. Species is invasive. r. Species pose a threat to ecosystem or species diversity.

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Table F-4 Species to be considered for Species of Interest Criteria #3 Criteria #1 Criteria #4 Criteria #6 Species of Criteria #5 Regional Nature Serve Birds of Species of Species name Greatest and Local Species of S1-S2/ Conserv. Public Conservation Concern N1-N2 1/ Concern Interest Need Montana Montana Regional 2/ Montana 3/ Amphibians Western (Boreal) X (S2) X X X toad Coeur d’Alene X (S2) X X X salamander Northern leopard (S1) X X X frog Reptiles Northern alligator X (S3) X X lizard Western skink X Mammals California myotis X (S4) Fisher X (S3) X X Hoary marmot X North American X (S3) X X wolverine Northern bog X (S2) X X X lemming Preble’s shrew X Pygmy shrew X (S4) X Townsend’s big- X (S2) X X X eared bat Mountain goat X X Bighorn sheep X Black bear X Elk X Moose X Mule deer X Whitetailed deer X Birds Baird’s sandpiper X (SNA) Baird’s sparrow X (S2B) X X Barn owl X (S1B, S1N) X Black swift X (S3B) X X X Black tern X (S3B) X X Black-and-white X (S2S3B) X warbler Black-backed X (S2) X X X woodpecker Black rosy finch X (S2) X X Blue grouse X Blue jay X (S5) Bobolink X (S2B) X Bohemian X (S5) waxwing Boreal chickadee X (S1S2) X Boreal owl X (S4) Brewer’s sparrow X (S2B) X X Broad-tailed X (S1B) X hummingbird

F-50 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Criteria #3 Criteria #1 Criteria #4 Criteria #6 Species of Criteria #5 Regional Nature Serve Birds of Species of Species name Greatest and Local Species of S1-S2/ Conserv. Public Conservation Concern N1-N2 1/ Concern Interest Need Montana Montana Regional 2/ Montana 3/ Burrowing owl X (S2B) X X X California gull X (S5B) Canvasback X (S5B) Caspian tern X (S2B) X Clark’s grebe X (S2S4B) Common grackle X (S5B) Common loon X (S2B) X X X Common redpole X (S5N) Common tern X (S3B) X Double crested X (S5B) cormorant Ferruginous hawk X (S2B) X X Flammulated owl X X X X Forster’s tern X (S2B) X Franklin’s gull X (S3B) X Golden eagle X Grasshopper X (S3B) X sparrow Gray crowned X (S2B, S5N) X rosy finch Great gray owl X Greater yellowlegs X (SNA) Harlequin duck X (S2B) X X X Herring gull X (SNA) Hooded X (S4B) merganser Horned grebe X (S4) Lark bunting X (S3B) X Le Conte’s X (S1S2B) X sparrow Least sandpiper X (SNA) Lesser yellowlegs X (SNA) Lewis’s X (S2B) X X woodpecker Loggerhead shrike X X Long-billed curlew X (S2B) X X X Long-billed X (SNA) dowitcher Marbled godwit X (S4B) X Merlin X (S4) Northern goshawk X X Northern hawk owl X (S1B,S1N) X Northern X (SNA) mockingbird Northern shoveler X (S5B) Olive-sided X X flycatcher Pileated X woodpecker Pinyon jay X (S4) Prairie falcon X Pygmy nuthatch X (S4) X X Red-naped X sapsucker

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Criteria #3 Criteria #1 Criteria #4 Criteria #6 Species of Criteria #5 Regional Nature Serve Birds of Species of Species name Greatest and Local Species of S1-S2/ Conserv. Public Conservation Concern N1-N2 1/ Concern Interest Need Montana Montana Regional 2/ Montana 3/ Ring-billed gull X (S5B) Sandhill crane X (S5B,S2N) Semipalmated X (SNA) sandpiper Snow goose X (S4N) Snowy egret X (SNA) Solitary sandpiper X Swainson’s hawk X X Trumpeter swan X (S2B,S2N) X X Tundra swan X (SNA) Upland sandpiper X (S4B) X Western X (SNA) sandpiper White-faced ibis X (S1B) X White-headed X woodpecker White-tailed X ptarmigan White-winged X (S4) crossbill Williamson’s X sapsucker Wilson’s X phalarope Wood duck X (S5B) Yellow-billed X (S1S2B) X X cuckoo Terrestrial Invertebrates (mollusks) Fir pinwheel X Pale jumping slug X Aquatic invertebrates Striate disc X Western pearlshell X (S2S4) X X Plants Cuddy Mountain X onion Thin-leaf alder X shrubland Red alder X Aloina moss X Round-leaved X orchis Blytt's andreaea X moss Greenleaf X manzanita Water marigold X Deerfern X Triangle moonwort X Mingan moonwort X Least moonwort X Brachythecium X moss Watershield X

F-52 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Criteria #3 Criteria #1 Criteria #4 Criteria #6 Species of Criteria #5 Regional Nature Serve Birds of Species of Species name Greatest and Local Species of S1-S2/ Conserv. Public Conservation Concern N1-N2 1/ Concern Interest Need Montana Montana Regional 2/ Montana 3/ Sagebrush X mariposa lily Small camas X Big-leaf sedge X String-root sedge X Woollyfruit sedge X herbaceous vegetation Pale sedge X Prairie sedge X Beaked sedge X Many-headed X sedge Sheathed sedge X Clustered thistle X Common Clarkia X Sand springbeauty X Pink corydalis X Clustered lady's X slipper Yelow Lady’s- X slipper Sparrow’s-egg X Lady’s-slipper English sundew X Crested shield X fern Slender X cottongrass Green-keeled X cotton grass Common bluecup X Western pearl X flower Hygrohypnum X moss Tule pea X Douglas' X bladderpod Leucolepis X umbrella moss Bitter root X Hall's lung wort X Geyer’s biscuit X root Northern bog X clubmoss Ground pine X One-cone X clubmoss Opposite-leaved X tarweed Cascade barberry X Meesia moss X

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Criteria #3 Criteria #1 Criteria #4 Criteria #6 Species of Criteria #5 Regional Nature Serve Birds of Species of Species name Greatest and Local Species of S1-S2/ Conserv. Public Conservation Concern N1-N2 1/ Concern Interest Need Montana Montana Regional 2/ Montana 3/ Meesia moss X Shortflower X monkeyflower Nodobryoria X subdivergens Oligotrichum moss X Northern adder’s X tongue Northern X beechfern Engelmann and X white spruce/ field horsetail forest Engelmann X spruce/ bluejoint forest Platyhypnidium X moss Kruckeberg’s X hollyfern Mountain hollyfern X Dwarf wooly X heads Pygmy X racomitrium moss Shinyleaf X gooseberry Trailing black X currant Drummond's X willow/ bluejoint shrubland Drummond's X willow/ Northwest Territory sedge shrubland Yerba buena X Pod grass X Tufted bulrush X Water bulrush X Scorpidium moss X Wulf's sphagnum X Pyramid Spirea X Pigflower tellima X Flat-leaved X bladderwort Velvetleaf X huckleberry White violet X Selkirk's violet X

1/ Species on NatureServe as S1-S2 or N1-N2 signified with “X” in column. Rankings from the State of Montana Comprehensive Fish and Wildlife Conservation Strategy are listed in parenthesis. 2/ Region 1 sensitive species and species at risk 3/ Montana Species of Concern

F-54 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Table F-5 displays the species identified in table F-4, species ranking, and species occurrence on the Forest if other than year-round.

Table F-5 Species to be considered for Species of Interest Species common name Scientific name Ranking Occurrence Amphibians Western (Boreal) toad Bufo boreas G4S2 Coeur d’Alene salamander Plethodon idahoensis G4S2 Northern leopard frog Rana pipiens G5S1 Reptiles Northern alligator lizard Elgaria coerulea G5S3 Western skink Eumeces skiltonianus G5S3 Mammals California myotis Myotis californicus G5S4 Seasonal Fisher Martes pennanti G5S3 Hoary marmot Marmota monax G5S3S4 North American wolverine Gulo gulo luscus G4S3 Northern bog lemming Synaptomys borealis G4S2 Preble’s shrew Sorex preblei G4S3 Pygmy shrew Sorex hoyi G5S4 Townsend’s big-eared bat Corynorhinus townsendii G4S2 Seasonal Bighorn sheep Ovis Canadensis G5S5 Black bear Ursus americanus G5S5 Elk Cervus elaphus nelsoni G5S5 Moose Alces alces G5S5 Mountain goat Oreamnos americanus G5S5 Mule deer Odocoileus hemionus G5S5 Whitetailed deer Odocoileus virginianus G5S5 Birds Baird’s sandpiper Calidris bairdii G5SNA Migrant Baird’s sparrow Ammondramus vbairdii S2B Accidental Barn owl Tyto alba G5S1B,S1N Seasonal Black swift Cypseloides niger G4S3B Seasonal Black tern Childonias niger G4S3B Seasonal Black and white warbler Mniotilta varia G5S2S3B Accidental Black-backed woodpecker Picoides arcticus G5S2 Blue grouse Dendragapus obscurus G5S5 Blue jay Cyanocitta cristata G5S5 Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus G5S2B Seasonal Bohemian waxwing Bombycilla garrulus G5S5 Seasonal Boreal chickadee Poecile hudsonica G5S1S2 Boreal owl Aegolius funereus G5S4 Brewer’s sparrow Spizella breweri G5S2B Seasonal Broad-tailed hummingbird Selasphorus platycercus G5S1B Seasonal Burrowing owl Speotyto cunicularia G4S2B Seasonal California gull Larus californicus G5S5B Seasonal Canvasback Aythya valisineria G5S5B Seasonal Caspian tern Sterna caspia G5S2B Migrant Common grackle Quiscalus quiscula G5S5B Transient Common loon Gavia immer G5S2B Seasonal Common redpoll Carduelis flammea G5S5N Seasonal Common tern Sterna hirundo G5S3B Migrant Double crested cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus G5S5B Transient Ferruginous hawk Buteo regalis G4S2B Transient Flammulated owl Otus flammeolus G4S3B Seasonal Golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos G5S4

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-55 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Species common name Scientific name Ranking Occurrence Grasshopper sparrow Ammodramus savannarum G5S2B Seasonal Gray crowned rosy finch Leucosticte tephrocotis G5S2B,S5N Great gray owl Strix nebulosa G5S3 Greater yellowlegs Tringa meanoleuca G5SNA Migrant Harlequin duck Histrionicus histrionicus G4S2B Seasonal Herring gull Larus argentatus G5SNA Hooded merganser Lophodytes cucullatus G5S4B Horned grebe Podiceps auritus G5S4 Lark bunting Calamospiza melanocorys S3B Transient Least sandpiper Caladris minutilla G5SNA Migrant Le Conte’s sparrow Ammodramus leconteii G4S1S2B Seasonal Lesser yellowlegs Tringa flavipes G5SNA Migrant Lewis’s woodpecker Melanerpes lewis G4S2B Loggerhead shrike Lanius ludovicianus G4S3B Transient Long-billed curlew Numenius americanus G5S2BS2B Seasonal Long-billed dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus G5SNA Tansient Marbled godwit Limosaq fedoa G5S4B Migrant Merlin Falco columbarius G4S4 Northern goshawk Accipiter gentilis G5S3 Seasonal Northern hawk owl Surnia ulula G5S1 Northern shoveler Anas clypeata G5S5B Seasonal Olive-sided flycatcher Contopus borealis G4S3B Seasonal Pileated woodpecker Drycopus pileatus G5S4 Pinyon jay Gymnorhinus G5S4 Accidental cyanocephalus Prairie falcon Falco mexicanus G5S4 Pygmy nuthatch Sitta pygmaea G5S4 Red-naped sapsucker Sphyrapicus nuchalis G5S5B Seasonal Ring-billed gull Larus delawarensis G5S5B Sandhill crane Grus canadensis G5S5B,S2N Transient Semi-palmated sandpiper Caladris pusilla G5SNA Migrant Snow goose Chen caerulescens G5S4N Migrant Solitary sandpiper Tringa solitaria G5SNA Migrant Swainson’s hawk Buteo swainsoni G5S3B Transient Tundra swan Cygnus columbianus G5SNA Migrant Upland sandpiper Bartramia longicauda G5S4B Transient White-faced ibis Plegadis chihi G5S1B Accidental White-tailed ptarmigan Lagopus leucurus G5S3 Yes White-winged crossbill Loxia leucoptera G5S4 Williamson’s sapsucker Sphyrapicus thyroideus G5S3S4B Seasonal Wilson’s phalarope Phalaropus tricolor G5S4 Seasonal Wood duck Aix sponsa G5S5B Seasonal Fish Interior redband trout Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusks) Fir pinwheel Radiodiscus abietum G4S2S3 Pale jumping slug Hemphillia camelus G4 Aquatic invertebrates Striate disc Discus shimekii Western pearlshell mussel Margaratifera falcata G4S2S4

Plants Common name Scientific name Cuddy Mountain onion Allium fibrillum Thin-leaf alder shrubland Alnus incana shrubland Red alder Alnus rubra Aloina moss Aloina brevirostris

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Plants Common name Scientific name Round-leaved orchis Amerorchis rotundifolia Blytt's andreaea moss Andreaea blyttii Greenleaf manzanita Arctostaphylos patula Water marigold Bidens beckii Deerfern Blechnum spicant Triangle moonwort Botrychium lanceolatum Mingan moonwort Botrychium minganense Least moonwort Botrychium simplex Brachythecium moss Brachythecium reflexum Watershield Brasenia schreberi Sagebrush mariposa lily Calochortus macrocarpus Small camas Camassia quamash Big-leaf sedge Carex amplifolia String-root sedge Carex chordorrhiza Woollyfruit sedge herbaceous vegetation Carex lasiocarpa herbaceous vegetation Pale sedge Carex livida Prairie sedge Carex prairea Beaked sedge Carex rostrata Many-headed sedge Carex synchnocephala Sheathed sedge Carex vaginata Clustered thistle Cirsium brevistylum Common Clarkia Clarkia rhomboidea Sand springbeauty Claytonia arenicola Pink corydalis Corydalis sempervirens Clustered lady's slipper Cypripedium fasciculatum Yelow Lady’s-slipper Cypripedium parviflorum Sparrow’s-egg Lady’s-slipper Cypripedium passerinum English sundew Drosera anglica Crested shield fern Dryopteris cristata Slender cottongrass Eriophorum gracile Green-keeled cotton grass Eriophorum viridicarinatum Common bluecup Githopsis specularioides Western pearl flower Heterocodon rariflorum Hygrohypnum moss Hygrohypnum cochlearifolium Tule pea Lathyrus bijigatus Douglas' bladderpod Lesquerella douglasii Leucolepis umbrella moss Leucolepis acanthoneuron Bitter root Lewisia rediviva Hall's lung wort Lobaria hallii Geyer’s biscuit root Lomatium geyeri Northern bog clubmoss Lycopodiella inundata Ground pine Lycopodium dendroideum One-cone clubmoss Lycopodium lagopus Opposite-leaved tarweed Madia minima Cascade barberry Mahonia nervosa Meesia moss Meesia triquetra Meesia moss Meesia uliginosa Shortflower monkeyflower Mimulus breviflorus Nodobryoria subdivergens Nodobryoria subdivergens Oligotrichum moss Oligotrichum aligerum Northern adder’s tongue Ophioglossum pusillum Northern beechfern Phegopteris connectilis Engelmann and white spruce/ field horsetail Picea (engelmannii x glauca, engelmannii) / equisetum forest arvense forest Engelmann spruce/ bluejoint forest Picea engelmannii / calamagrostis canadensis forest Platyhypnidium moss Platyhypnidium riparioides Kruckeberg’s hollyfern Polystichum kruckebergii Mountain hollyfern Polystichum scopulinum Dwarf wooly heads Psilocarphus brevissimus

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Plants Common name Scientific name Pygmy racomitrium moss Racomitrium pygmaeum Shinyleaf gooseberry Ribes cognatum Trailing black currant Ribes laxiflorum Drummond's willow/ bluejoint shrubland Salix drummondiana / calamagrostis canadensis shrubland Drummond's willow/ Northwest Territory Salix drummondiana / carex utriculata shrubland sedge shrubland Yerba buena Satureja douglasii Pod grass Scheuchzeria palustris Tufted bulrush Scirpus cespitosus Water bulrush Scirpus subterminalis Scorpidium moss Scorpidium scorpioides Wulf's sphagnum Sphagnum wulfianum Pyramid Spirea Spiraea pyramidata Pigflower tellima Tellima grandiflora Flat-leaved bladderwort Utricularia intermedia Velvetleaf huckleberry Vaccinium myrtilloides White violet Viola renifolia Selkirk's violet Viola selkirkii

Step 2: Screening Potential Species of Concern and Species of Interest for Further Consideration in the Planning Process

Fish All fish species on the potential species of concern and species of interest lists (Tables F-3 and F- 5) were considered further in the planning process.

Plants All plant species on the potential species of concern and species of interest lists (Tables F-3 and F-5) were considered further in the planning process.

5. There are no known occurrences or suitable habitat of the species on the forest, grassland, prairie, or other comparable administrative unit. 6. They are secure within the plan area. 7. They are not affected by management or potential plan components. 8. Forest Plan components for ecosystem diversity are sufficient for management of the species.

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Species of Concern Initial screening was conducted to include only those species with known occurrences on the Forest. All species listed in Table F-3 except one (Columbian sharp-tailed grouse) were determined to be brought forward for further screening.

The Columbian sharp-tailed grouse was not brought forward for further consideration as a species of concern. The Columbian sharp-tailed grouse was, until recently, known to occur on the KNF in only one location, the Tobacco Valley on the north end of the Forest. The only known breeding territory (lek) is on private land, owned by the Nature Conservancy and managed by Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Sharp-tailed grouse have not been observed on this lek in the past 4-5 years, although monitoring of the lek has continued. Occasional (unconfirmed) sightings of individual sharp-tailed grouse are still reported in the valley; however, no breeding is known to have occurred over the past 4-5 years. Management of National Forest lands to restore warm/dry habitats towards a more natural condition, and implementing watershed/aquatic plan components should maintain or improve habitat for this species on National Forest lands. Management activities on National Forest lands are not likely to impact this species on the KNF. This species was dropped from further consideration.

Species of interest Initial screening was conducted to include only those species with known occurrences on the Forest. There are many bird species that are known to occur on the KNF only for very short timeframes and are not known to breed or nest on the Forest. Some of these species pass through as they are migrating; others occur only accidentally, as this is generally beyond their normal range; still others are transient.

Species known to be migrant, accidental, or transient on the forest include the following (as identified in the tables F-4 and F-5) and were dropped from further consideration:

Baird’s sandpiper, Baird’s sparrow, black and white warbler, burrowing owl, Caspian tern, common grackle, common tern, double-crested cormorant, ferruginous hawk, greater yellowlegs, lark bunting, least sandpiper, lesser yellowlegs, loggerhead shrike, long-billed dowitcher, marbled godwit, pinyon jay, sandhill crane, semipalmated sandpiper, snow goose, solitary sandpiper, swainsons hawk, tundra swan, upland sandpiper, and white-faced ibis.

The following species were identified as being S1-S2 in the NatureServe database. However, these species are not ranked as S1 or S2 in Montana, as identified in the tables above. These species are not on any of the other lists used in this analysis: species of concern, species of greatest conservation need, birds of conservation concern, or regional sensitive species or species at risk. Some of these species are also identified as migrant, accidental, or transient species, resulting in their not being ranked by the state. These species were dropped from further consideration:

California myotis, Bairds sandpiper, blue jay, bohemian waxwing, boreal owl, California gull, canvasback, common grackle, common redpole, double crested cormorant, greater yellowlegs, herring gull, hooded merganser, horned grebe, least sandpiper, lesser yellowlegs, long-billed dowitcher, merlin, northern shoveler, pinyon jay, ring-billed gull, semipalmated sandpiper, snow goose, tundra swan, white-winged crossbill, and wood duck.

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-59 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Results of Initial Screening Table F-6 displays species to be brought forward for further screening. All plant species included in tables F-3 and F-5 were brought forward for further screening.

Table F-6 Species to be brought forward for Further Screening Species Of Concern Birds Terrestrial Invetebrates (Insects) American peregrine falcon Gillette’s checkerspot butterfly Terrestrial Invertebrates (Mollusks) Fish Magnum mantleslug Westslope cutthroat trout Pygmy slug Burbot (ling) Sheathed slug Plants Smokey taildropper All – See Table F-3 Species Of Interest Amphibians Birds Western (Boreal) toad Barn owl Coeur d’Alene salamander Black swift Northern leopard frog Black tern Reptiles Black-backed woodpecker Northern alligator lizard Blue grouse Western skink Bobolink Mammals Boreal chickadee California myotis Brewer’s sparrow Fisher Broad-tailed hummingbird Hoary marmot Common loon North American wolverine Flammulated owl Northern bog lemming Golden eagle Preble’s shrew Grasshopper sparrow Pygmy shrew Gray crowned rosy finch Townsend’s big-eared bat Great gray owl Bighorn sheep Harlequin duck Black bear Le Conte’s sparrow Elk Lewis’s woodpecker Moose Long-billed curlew Mountain goat Northern goshawk Mule deer Northern hawk owl Whitetailed deer Olive-sided flycatcher Pileated woodpecker Fish Prairie falcon Interior redband trout Pygmy nuthatch Terrestrial Invertebrates (Mollusks) Red-naped sapsucker Fir pinwheel White-tailed ptarmigan Pale jumping slug Williamson’s sapsucker Aquatic Invertebrates Wilson’s phalarope Striate disc Plants Western pearlshell mussel All – See Table F-5

F-60 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest process. One of the principle factors considered was determining if Proposed Forest Plan components for ecosystem diversity were adequate to provide for a particular species habitat needs. If so, no further analysis was considered necessary for those species.

Information that was collected includes the following:

12. Current taxonomy. 13. Distribution (including historic and current trends). 14. Abundance (including historic and current trends). 15. Demographics and population trends including population effects resulting from hunting, fishing, trapping, and natural population fluctuations. 16. Diversity (phenotypic, genetic, and ecological). 17. Habitat requirements at appropriate spatial scales. 18. Habitat amount, distribution, and trends. 19. Ecological function. 20. Key biological interactions. 21. Limiting factors 22. Risk factors including various natural and human disturbances (wildland fire, trails, roads, and dams) Species information was collected from various databases, including but not limited to: NatureServe, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks Animal Field Guides, Idaho Conservation Data Center, the Montana Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy, USFWS Breeding Bird Survey, literature, Canadian Rocky Mountains Ecosystem Assessment, Kootenai River sub-basin assessment, and information gathered from local species experts and other organizations.

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-61 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Table F-7 Species Information for species to be considered as Species of Concern Common Occurrence Habitats Major risks Conservation Notes name needs Birds American Seasonal KNF & IPNF. High cliffs. Preys on small birds. Disturbance at Minimize disturbance peregrine falcon One known nest site on nesting sites. during nesting period. KNF. One known nest site on IPNF (not used the past 3 years. Terrestrial Invertebrates – (mollusks) Magnum mantle Yearlong KNF & IPNF. Low to mid elevation, often with water in the general Loss and degradation Limit surface Found only at undisturbed slug (spotted vicinity. Moist cool sites in relatively undisturbed of habitat. logging, disturbance at known sites, intolerant of habitat slug) forest with an intact duff layer, such as found in grazing, fire. sites (Idaho CWCS). alteration. Include as a moist valleys, ravines and talus areas. Spruce-fir (Hendricks 2003) Aquatic/riparian group with other aquatic appears to be the most frequent forest association. protection. associated mollusks.

Pygmy slug no record KNF. All three Western hemlock forests. Near perennial water. Loss and degradation Limit surface Include as a group with forests on IPNF. Down wood, moss mats, and deciduous tree leaves of habitat. Little is disturbance at known other aquatic associated as substrate. known about the sites (Idaho CWCS). mollusks. threats to this Aquatic/riparian species. protection. Sheathed slug Kootenai falls. Douglas-fir, spruce, and ponderosa pine forests that Loss and degradation Limit surface Absent from sites disturbed have a diverse understory of forbs and bryophytes. of habitat. Logging, disturbance at known by timber harvest and Typically in moist valleys, gorges, ravines, and talus grazing, fires, and sites (Idaho CWCS). livestock grazing. Include as fields near permanent water. roads. (Hendricks Aquatic/riparian a group with other aquatic 2003) protection. associated mollusks. Smokey Recently discovered on Low to mid elevation mesic pine and spruce forests Loss and degradation Limit surface Include as a group with taildropper the Kootenai (Maxell in large stream or river valleys. Occupied habitat is of habitat. Surface disturbance at known other aquatic associated 2005) often near perennial water at the base of major disturbance from sites (Idaho CWCS). mollusks. slopes and is characterized by downed wood, a activites such as Aquatic/riparian diverse understory, and a substantial deciduous mining and timber protection. woody plant and forb component. Substrates consist harvest. of basalt and igneous formations Terrestrial invertebrates (Insects) Gillette’s Unknown. Valleys, glades, open wooded areas in mountains, Isolation of colonies Maintain ecosystem Globally rare. Occurs checkerspot often near streams. Twinberry honeysuckle makes species components, mostly as very widely buttefly (Lonicera involucrata) is the primary larval host vulnerable to permanent especially fire scattered colonies. plant, and western valeriana (valeriana occidentalis), local extirpation from disturbance. Populations could be very lousewort (Pedicularis sp.), speedwell (Veronica any kind of temporary Aquatic/riparian quickly (one season) wormskjoldii) and snowberry (Symphoricarpus habitat disruption protection. eradicated if grazing were albus) are also known to be host plants. including browsing by severe enough. Aquatic large ungulates. protections. * In general there is a lack of information about terrestrial invertebrates. Surveys are needed to assess the current status and to identify site-specific threats and conservation needs (Idaho CWCS).

F-62 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Table F-8 Species information for species to be considered as Species of Interest Species common Occurrence Habitats Major risks Conservation needs Notes name Amphibians Western (Boreal) Fairly common Ponds, lakes, moist forests and Habitat loss and degradation. Disease Maintain and restore aquatic and Aquatic management toad grasslands. and parasites. Invasive species. riparian habitats.Groves et al. strategy will protect and Roadkill mortality. 1996.Partners in Amphibian and promote restoration of Reptile Conservation (PARC). habitat. Coeur d’Alene Small range in North Springs, seeps, spray zones of Habitat loss and degradation. Disease Maintain and restore aquatic Aquatic management salamander Idaho, western Montana waterfalls, and edges of streams. and parasites. Local extirpation due to and riparian habitats.Groves et strategy will protect and and B.C. uncommon restricted mobility and fragmentation. al. 1996. (PARC). promote restoration of Invasive species. habitat. Northern leopard Known from only one site Permanent water sources during Habitat loss and degradation. Disease Maintain and restore aquatic frog on KNF, Rexford district. all life stages. A variety of wetland and parasites. Invasive species. and riparian habitats. Additional situations, including marshes, Introduced animals. direction found in; Groves et al. pond margins, and slow moving Populations have declined from 1992, Maxell et al. 2000, sections of streams and rivers. historical levels (Idaho CWCS- Partners in Amphibian and (Idaho CWCS). northern leopard frog). Reptile Conservation (PARC). Reptiles Northern alligator Uncommon Dry open forest to cool moist areas Habitat loss and degradation. Disease Unknown at this time. Little Little information on this lizard near streams. Hides under logs and and parasites. Invasive species. information available. Mgmt species available. Northern rocks. Areas with bushes, trees, and towards HRV and long term Idaho and northwestern grassy areas needed to provide sustainability of snags and down Montana. cover and foraging sites. wood. Western skink Uncommon Soil, fallen log/down wood. Rocky Little information available. Little information available. Secretive. Life history not areas near streams or on dry Mgmt towards HRV and well known. Uncommon. hillsides. Partial to open wooded direction to provide longterm On edge of primary range. foothills, usually associated with sustainability of snags and down rocks. Often under cover. Digs wood. burrows in soil. Mammals California myotis Uncommon Hibernates in mines, caves, Loss of existing and potential roost Identify and protect hibernacula Conservation guidelines tunnels or buildings. May form sites. Disturbance at roost sites. Loss and maternity roosts. Maintain and management protocols small maternity colonies in rock and degradation of large snags and the long term sustainability of developed for Townsend’s crevices, under bark, or under riparian vegetation. snags and riparian vegetation big-eared bat. eaves of buildings. Found in over time. cavities in snags. Fisher Rare Low/mid elevation multi-storied, Trapping, loss and degradation of Maintain large habitat areas (well Aquatic management mature and older forest with habitat (including snags and down distributed and connected), strategy will protect and riparian habitat, down large wood, logs). Loss of prey habitat. particularly “wet productive” promote restoration of forest connectivity. forests. Mgmt towards HRV (late habitat. extirpated in and old growth successions), and Washington. longterm sustainability of snags and down wood.

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-63 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Species common Occurrence Habitats Major risks Conservation needs Notes name Hoary marmot Uncommon Talus slopes and alpine or Loss and degradation of habitat. subalpine meadows. Shooting. North American Rare to Uncommon High elevation Human disturbance - especially winter Maintain connectivity between Wide-ranging carnivore for wolverine roadless/wilderness. rec. at denning sites. Roadless area roadless and wilderness areas. roadless and wilderness management. Trapping. Habitat loss. Prevent human disturbance to dominated GA’s. den sites. promote effective movement across highway corridors. Northern bog Uncommon, small isolated Sphagnum bogs, fens, wet Habitat loss and degradation. Human Maintain known and potential Apply management lemming habitats. meadows, moist mixed and disturbance. Grazing. Changes in water habitats. Reduce impacts from conservation guidelines for coniferous forests, alpine sedge regimes. Invasive species. snow compaction. peatlands. meadows and mossy streamsides. Preble’s shrew Known from 9 sites Desert, grssland/ There are many information gaps for Need more pitfall trapping scattered across MT. herbaceous,shrubland/chaparral, this species. Need information on across western NA to determine woodland-conifer, woodland- habitat needs and effect of various land status and range. Since habitats hardwood. Burrowing in or usin use practices on populations. No known needs are poorly known this is gsoil, fallen log/debris. threats. critical to protecting the species. Pygmy shrew Uncommon Grassy openings of boreal forests. Relatively unknown. Maintain or restore key habitat. Fallen log/down wood. Burrowing in Maintain the long term or using soil. sustainability of snags and down wood over time. Townsend’s big- Rare, no roosting or Caves, mines, buildings, bridges, Habitat loss and degradation. Loss of Identify and protect roosts and eared bat. hibernacula sites known snags large snags. Degradation of riparian hibernacula. Retain and habitat. very sensitive to human maintain large snags. Promote disturbance. the long-term sustainability of key habitat components (riparian areas and snags) over time. Bighorn sheep 4-5 populations on the Mid elevation steep lands and high Loss and degradation of habitat. Fire Manage summer and winter Hunting allowed by permit forest, all but one elevation roadless/wilderness. exclusion. Invasive species. Access habitat within HRV. reduce only. introduced. management. Hunting. noxious weeds on winter range. Black bear Common Habitat generalists Loss and degradation of habitat. Hunting Hunting allowed both spring and fall in MT. Rocky mountain Elk Common, several small Habitat generalist. Summer range – Loss and degradation of habitat. Access Manage summer and winter Habitat generalist. Large populations mid to high elevation. Winter range management – road and recreation habitat within HRV. Provide socio/economic big game low elevation south facing slopes. impacts. Fire exclusion. Invasive security, reduce vulnerability. species on both forests. FP species – particularly winter range. Reduce noxious weeds on winter direction for summer range, Hunting. range. security. Moose Fairly common. Habitat generalist. Hunting. Predators. Loss and Manage summer and winter High quality hunting big degradation of habitat. Hunting habitat within HRV. game species by permit only. Mountain goat 2 populations on the forest, Alpine and subalpine habitat. Steep Loss and degradation of habitat. Mining. Maintain and protect habitat Small, isolated populations. wilderness/roadless areas grassy talus slopes, grassy ledges Human-caused disturbance, especially elements. Reduce human-caused High quality hunting big of cliffs, or alpine meadows. Usually winter recreation. Hunting. disturbance on winter range. game species by permit at timberline or above. High only.

F-64 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Species common Occurrence Habitats Major risks Conservation needs Notes name elevation roadless/wilderness. Mule deer Common mid to high elevation summer Loss and degradation of habitat. Manage summer and winter High quality hunting big range. Winter range – low Access management – road and habitat within HRV. Provide game species. elevation south facing slopes. recreation impacts. Invasive species – security, reduce vulnerability. particularly winter range. Hunting. Reduce noxious weeds on winter range. Whitetailed deer Very common Habitat generalist. Winter rnage – Loss and degradation of habitat, Maintain summer and winter High socio/economic big low elevation, south facing slopes. particularly winter range. Invasive range, within HRV. Provide game species on both species – particularly winter range. security/reduce vulnerability. forests. FP direction for Hunting. Reduce noxious weeds on winter range. winter range. Birds Barn owl Rare. Not known to occur on Wide variety of situations in open Predation. Commercial development of Montana is north of the normal Frequently found around NF lands. and partly open country farmland, reduction in dairy and sheep breeding range for this species. human habitation. Threats (pastureland, croplands, hayfields). industry, conversion to intensive row- Preserve dense grass foraging not related to activities on Nests in buildings, cliff or standing crop farming, and decline in the number habitat. FS lands. snag. of farms and old farm structures, resulting in a loss of nest sites and important high-quality foraging habitat. pesticides. Black swift Rare. 1 documented Cliffs, waterfalls, caves. Cabinet Decreases in water flow. Disturbance at Maintain and conserve habitat Little information available. location. On NF lands. Mtns.. nesting areas. elements. Reduce human Uncommon. On edge of associated with wilderness. disturbance. primary range. Black tern Rare. Not known to occur on Wetlands, marshes, prairie Loss or degradation of wetlands for Maintain and conserve habitat Black terns are limited to NF lands. potholes, and small ponds. Semi- breeding and migration. Pesticide elements. Reduce human breeding locations with colony breeders in shallow reduction of favored insect foods. disturbance. appropriate habitat, size, freshwater marshes with emergent Disturbance in nesting colonies, and vegetative composition. vegetation. although tolerant of nearby human Appropriate habitat in activity. Water level fluctuation. Montana is patchy at best. Threats not related to activities on FS lands. Black-backed Uncommon. Well distributed and recently burned Fire suppression. Salvage harvest of Maintain ecological processes woodpecker or insect infested areas. post fire and insect infested areas. within the HRV. Retain patches of Human disturbance near nest sites. insect, disease or fire-killed trees. Loss of snags. Blue grouse Common Open coniferous forests, including Reforestation of high density replanting. Restoration or simulation of forest edges, openings, and aspen Grazing of open lowland areas. Off road natural disturbance regimes. groves. use by 4 wheel drive vehicles. Hunting. Winter habitat should be managed to perpetuate large trees important as roost sites. Bobolink Rare. Not known to occur on Tall grass areas, flooded meadows, Habitat loss. Decrease in harfield areas, Providing large areas of suitable Breed widely throughout NF lands. prairies, deep cultivated grains, and earlier and more frequent hay cropping, habitats (native and tame Montana. Still fairly hayfields. and shift from timothy and clover to grasslands of moderate height common & widespread, but alfalfa. and density, with adequate litter), declining due to changing controlling succession, and agricultural practices. BBS

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-65 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Species common Occurrence Habitats Major risks Conservation needs Notes name protecting nesting habitat from data indicate a significant disturbance during the breeding population decline in NA in season. recent decades, particularly in central NA.Threats not related to activities on FS lands. Boreal chickadee Uncommon Little information for Montana exists. Little information available. Loss and Maintain and/or restore habitat Montana is in the southern Boreal coniferous and mixed forests degradation of habitat, particularly conditions. Maintain the longterm extreme of the breeding in vicinity of white cedar and snags. sustainability of snags over time. range. hemlock swamps, and in birches and streamside willows. Nests in natural cavities or abandoned woodpecker holes, or in a cavity dug by a pair in rotten tree stub. Brewers sparrow Rare Little information. Sagebrush. Very Little information. Habitat loss and Maintain and/or restore habitat Breed widely throughout little habitat on KNF, almost none on degradation, grazing, invasive grasses, conditions. Maintain sagebrush Montana.Fairly large range NF lands. fire, brood parasitism, predators, cover and the quality and integrity in western NA, declining in pesticides. Widespread long-term of native vegetation. many areas of the U.S. PIF decline and threats to shrub-steppe watchlist. breeding habitats. Broad-tailed Rare Little information available. Little information. No managament activities Very little to no information hummingbird Ponderosa pine and aspen groves, specific to the broad-tailed for this species. as well as mountain meadows. hummingbird in Montana are documented. Common loon Uncommon seasonal, nests Lowland Lakes and reservoirs Human disturbance at breeding lakes, Maintain or enhance conditions Promote and fund loon on several lakes, only a few (generally greater than 10 acres in heavy metal poisoning, fluctuating water on existing and recent historic education and monitoring with adjacent NF lands. size). levels, increasing numbers of predators. nesting, feeding and rearing programs. Aquatic Shoreline development. lakes. management strategy will protect and promote restoration of habitat. Flammulated owl Common seasonal, nesting Dry montane forests with brushy Loss of mature ponderosa pine and Maintain open lower to mid- Comply with snag and down known throughout the understory or open grasslands Douglas-fir forest. Fire suppression. elevation mature/old forest woody debris guidelines. warm/dry portion of the nearby. Low/mid elevation multi- Disturbance near breeding, nesting and habitat near open grassland or Vegetation restoration to forest. storied, open to semi-open mature rearing sites. Loss of large snags and shrub habitat. Maintain the maintain two or more and old ponderosa pine and dry lack of snaag recruitment. longterm sustainability of snags canopy layers and adjacent Douglas-fir forests. over time. to forest/grass or forest/shrub ecotones. Golden eagle Uncommon to rare. Dry, open and semi-open areas. Disturbance at nest sites. Access Protect nest sites. Restore Prairies, tundra. management (road kills). Habitat loss grasslands and shrub-steppe. and degradation. Powerlines. Lead poisoning. Grasshopper Rare Seasonal Grasslands of intermediate height Loss, degradation and incompatible Maintain open grassland Large range, significant sparrow often associated with clumped management of grassland habitat. population declines in NA vegetation interspersed with Cultivation, urban sprawl, and and probably elsewhere. patches of bare ground. reforestation. Termination of CRP BBS data indicate a program. significant decline in NA

F-66 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Species common Occurrence Habitats Major risks Conservation needs Notes name between 1966 and 1989. Gray crowned rosy Rare Barren, rocky, or grassy areas and No threats known. Maintain and protect habitat Large and widespread. finch cliffs, among glaciers or beyond elements. Apparently stable. timberline. Nests in rock crevices or hole sin cliffs. Great gray owl Uncommon to rare Coniferous and hardwood forests, Loss and degradation of habitat. Forest Long-term view of forest Because of the owls large especially pine, spruce, paper birch, succession of large meadows. succession and consider home range, management and poplar. Most commonly near Disturbance at nest sites. Over-grazing landscape and regional forest must be coordinated among extensive meadows. In Montana meadows. patterns. Maintain and/or restore administrative units to lodgepole pine/Douglas-fir. Nest in suitable habitat. Protection of maintain links between tops of large broken off tree trunks, nesting areas from excessive interacting biological units. in old nests of other large birds or in human activity during nesting No evident population debris platforms from dwarf season. decline in the vast majority mistletoe. of the range. Apparently stable, but actual population data are lacking for many areas. Harlequin duck Uncommon seasonal Forested mountain streams of Loss or degradation of habitat. Maintain fast moving, low Aquatic management relatively low gradient free of human Destruction of watershed stability and gradient clear mountain streams strategy will protect and disturbance. Winters in rough, stream flow regimes. Sedimentation and with a healthy riparian promote restoration of coastal waters, especially along toxic chemical pollution. Human component. Reduce human habitat. rocky shores. disturbance near breeding areas. caused disturbance during Hunting on wintering grounds. nesting season. Cassirer et al. 1996. LeContes sparrow Rare. Mostly on private In Montana have a very limited Little information. Changes in land use. CRP programs may provide large Rare on KNF. Threats not lands. Very little habitat on breeding range. Montana is at the Haying may destroy nests and can be blocks of suitable habitat for this related to activities on FS NF lands. periphery of the Le Conte’s detrimental to breeding birds. Brood species in NE Montana. Maintain lands. sparrows range. Habitat appears to parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds. and protect grasslands. Protect be limited in Montana. Wet Flooding has been known to cause a nest sites from mowing and meadows within peatlands, often large number of nest losses. haying. with a strong sedge component. Wet meadow bog and sedge meadow habitats. Subirrigated meadowland with short stands of grasses. Lewis’s woodpecker Rare Seasonal Open parklike, mature ponderosa Loss and degradation of habitat. Loss of Maintain and restore stands of Known or strongly pine and riparian cottonwood with large Douglas fir and mixed conifer open canopy mature and older suspected serious declines. dense understory and large snags. snags. Fire suppression. Fire exclusion. ponderosa pine and cottonwood. Burned coniferous forests. Requires Maintain the longterm snags of advanced decay for sustainability of snags over time. nesting. Retain large diameter snags (especially within stand replacement fire areas). Long-billed curlew Rare. Very limited habitat on Open short grass or mixed prairie Loss of habitat. Cultivation of grassland. Maintain and/or restore grassland Local population declines the forest. not known to with level to slightly rolling Hunting along Atlantic coast. Pesticides. habitats. Limit pesticide use. but not widespread. occur on NF lands. topography, generally avoid areas Grazing. Disturbance of nest sites. Extirpated from eastern

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-67 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Species common Occurrence Habitats Major risks Conservation needs Notes name with trees, high density shrubs and U.S. Threats not related to tall, dense grasses. Prairies and activities on FS lands. grassy meadows, generally near water. Nests on ground usually in flat areas with short grass. Northern goshawk Uncommon. Found region wide. Wide variety of Loss and degradation of habitat. Provide for a large landscape FP direction to protect nest cover types but nests usually in Disturbance near nest sites. Fire with the natural mix of vegetation sites. Provide nesting, mature forest stands >25 acres with exclusion. composition, structure, and foraging, and post fledgling high canopy. arrangement. Protect nests, and areas. nesting and post-fledgling stands. Northern hawk owl Rare winter visitor. Not Open coniferous or mixed forest, Loss and degradation of habitat, Maintain the longterm Appears to be at the known to breed on the forest edge and clearings, old especially snags. Disturbance near nest sustainability of snags over time. southern extreme for this forest. deciduous forest burns, dense sites. Fire exclusion. Protect nest sites from human species. Trend in Canada is shrubby areas, swamps, scrubby caused disturbance. stable. On the edge of second growth woodland and primary range. No known muskeg. Nests in hollow tops of breeding on forest. dead spruces, birches, natural tree hollows, abandoned woodpecker holes, deserted nests of crows and birds of prey. Olive-sided Rare Seasonal Open or semi open mature and Loss or degradation of habitat. Fire Retain, maintain or restore stands Common. Moderate threats. flycatcher older montane and northern exclusion. of open canopy mature and older Post fire species. Known or coniferous forest. Large conifer ponderosa pine and cottonwood. strongly suspected serious snags. Maintain the longterm declines. sustainability of snags over time. Pileated woodpecker Original MIS. Not Dependent on large diameter snags Habitat loss and degradation. Loss of Maintain and protect habitat Threats not related to considered species of typically in mature forest for nest large diameter snags. elements. Maintain the longterm activities on FS lands. concern for Montana and roost sites. Forages in mature sustainability of snags over time. forest stands. Prairie falcon Rare. Almost all habitat on Open situations in mountainous Human disturbance at nest sites. Maintain and protect habitat Large range in western and private lands. No breeding shrub steppe or grassland areas. electrocution, collisions, pesticides. elements. Protection of nest sites. central NA. Mostly stable known to occur on the Nests on cliffs. with some local declines. forest. Appears secure overall. Threats not related to activities on FS lands. Pygmy nuthatch Rare. Not known to breed Late seral, large diameter, live Loss and degradation of habitat Retain and restore stands of on the forest. ponderosa pine stands, and large (including large snags). fire exclusion. open canopy mature and older snags. Grazing. ponderosa pine. Maintain the longterm sustainability of snags over time. retain or maximize loss of large diameter snags. Red-naped Uncommon Mixed conifer forests. Nests in Loss and degradation of habitat Maintain the longterm sapsucker cavity in live tree, frequently near (including snags) sustainability of snags over time. water. White-tailed Rare Alpine habitats, moist vegetation Loss and degradation of habitat. Maintain and protect habitat Extremely rare. On edge of ptarmigan and rocks present. elements primary range.

F-68 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Species common Occurrence Habitats Major risks Conservation needs Notes name Williamsons Uncommon Mixed conifer forests. Constructs Loss and degradation of habitat Retain and maintain sufficient sapsucker nesting cavity in standing (including snags) snag numbers and sizes and snag/hollow tree. actively promote long-term sustainability within a desired range. Wilsons phalarope Uncommon to rare. Not Freshwater marshes and wet Loss and degradation of habitat. Maintain and protect habitat Uncommon. Known or known to occur on NF lands. meadows. elements. strongly suspected serious declines. Threats not related to activities on FS lands. Terrestrial Invertebrates (mollusks) Fir pinwheel Rare on NF lands. known Moist and rocky Douglas-fir forest at Loss and degradation of habitat. Maintain and protect habitat Include as a group with from only a few small, mid elevations in valleys and Logging, grazing, roads and fires. elements. other mollusks. isolated populations. ravines. A rich understory of forbs, (Hendricks 2003) shrubs, and bryophytes are present. Pale jumping slug Rare on NF lands. Closed to enarly closed canopy Loss and degradation of habitat. Maintain and protect habitat Include as a group with ponderosa ine/Douglas-fir forests logging, grazing, fires, and roads. elements. other mollusks. adjacent to major streams. Pollution and surface disturbance associated withmining. Aquatic Invertebrates Striate Disc Rare. Known from only 2 Loss and degradation of habitat. Maintain and protect habitat locations on the forest. Changes in water quality. elements. Western pearlshell Rare to uncommon. Known Cold, clear, streams and rivers. Loss and degradation of habitat. Maintain and protect habitat Important to Native from 1-2 locations on the Often in reaches having fast current Changes in water quality. The loss of elements. Americans. forest. and coarse substrate. Larva are host fish populations. Collection. parasitic on salmonids.

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-69 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Species of Concern brought forward for Further Analysis All species listed in table F-7, with the exception of the Gillette’s checkerspot butterfly, will be considered for further analysis because Proposed Land Management Plan components for ecosystem diversity will provide adequate protection for this species.

Species of Interest brought forward for Further Analysis Table F-9 displays the rationale used in determining whether a species should or should not be considered further in the analysis process as a species of interest (per FSH 1909.12 section 43.22d).

Table F-9 Species of Interest - Justification for Elimination or Continuation for Further Analysis Common Scientific Include for Justification name name further analysis Amphibians Western Bufo boreas Yes Vulnerable to habitat loss and degradation (boreal) toad Coeur d’Alene Plethodon Yes Vulnerable to loss and degradation of habitat. salamander idahoensis Northern Rana pipiens No Rare. Known from only one location, not on FS lands. leopard frog Reptiles Northern Elgaria No Very secretive. Uncommon. Plan components for Ecosystem alligator lizard coerulea Diversity are adequate for this species. Western skink Eumeces No Very secretive. Uncommon. On edge of primary range. Plan skiltonianus components for Ecosystem Diversity are adequate for this species. Mammals California Myotis Yes Sensitive to disturbance at roost and hibernacula. Loss of myotis californicus snags Fisher Martes Yes Vulnerable to loss of mature and older moist forest, snag and pennanti down wood. Hoary marmot Marmota No FS mgmt not likely to have an influence on this species and/or caligata its habitat in the plan area. North American Gulo gulo Yes Sensitive to disturbance at den sites. wolverine Northern bog Synaptomys Yes Potential loss or degradation of habitat. Potential impact from lemming borealis winter motorized use. Preble’s shrew Sorex preblei No Rare. On edge of primary range. Moderate threats. Pygmy shrew Sorex hoyi No Plan components for Ecosystem Diversity are adequate for this species. Townsend’s Corynorhinus Yes Sensitive to disturbance at roost and hibernacula. Loss of big-eared bat townsendii snags. Bighorn sheep Ovis Yes Human-caused disturbance during lambing and on winter Canadensis habitats. Rocky mountain Cervus Yes Vulnerability due to lack of security. loss/degradation of winter elk elaphus range. Moose Alces alces No Plan components for Ecosystem Diversity are adequate for this species. Mountain goat Oreamnos Yes Sensitive to disturbance on winter range. americanus Mule deer Odocoileus No Plan components for Ecosystem Diversity are adequate for this hemionus species. White-tailed Odocoileus No Very high populations. Not sensitive to disturbance. deer virginianus Birds Barn owl Tyto alba No Not known to occur on NF lands. FS mgmt not likely to have an influence on this species and/or its habitat in the plan area. On edge of primary range.

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-70 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Common Scientific Include for Justification name name further analysis Black swift Cypseloides Yes Sensitive to disturbance at roost sites (waterfalls). niger Black tern Childonias No Not known to occur on NF lands. FS mgmt not likely to have niger an influence on this species and/or its habitat in the plan area. Black-backed Picoides Yes Loss of snags (large fire, insects, and disease events) woodpecker arcticus Blue grouse Dendragapus No Plan components for Ecosystem Diversity are adequate for this obscurus species. Bobolink Dolichonyx No FS mgmt not likely to have an influence on this species and/or oryzivorus its habitat in the plan area. Boreal Poecile No Rare. On edge of primary range. FS mgmt not likely to have an chickadee hudsonica influence on this species and/or its habitat in the plan area. Brewer’s Spizella No On edge of primary range. Habitat limited on KIPZ. FS mgmt sparrow breweri not likely to have an influence on this species and/or its habitat in the plan area. Broad-tailed Selasphorus No Extremely rare. On edge of primary range. FS mgmt not likely hummingbird platycercus to have an influence on this species and/or its habitat in the plan area. Common loon Gavia immer Yes Sensitive to disturbance during nesting season. Flammulated Otus Yes Loss of snags. Large diameter ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir owl flammeolus Golden eagle Aquila No Uncommon. Threats due to other than FS activities. FS mgmt chrysaetos not likely to have an influence on this species and/or its habitat in the plan area. Grasshopper Ammodramus No Rare. Habitat very limited on KIPZ. FS mgmt not likely to have sparrow savannarum an influence on this species and/or its habitat in the plan area. Gray-crowned Leucosticte No Apparently stable. FS mgmt not likely to have an influence on rosy finch tephrocotis this species and/or its habitat in the plan area. Great gray owl Strix nebulosa No Plan components for Ecosystem Diversity are adequate for this species. Harlequin duck Histrionicus Yes Sensitive to human-caused disturbance during nesting season. histrionicus LeConte’s Ammodramus No Breeding not known on KIPZ. On edge of primary range. FS sparrow leconteii mgmt not likely to have an influence on this species and/or its habitat in the plan area. Lewis’s Melanerpes Yes Loss of snag, especially large diameter woodpecker lewis Long-billed Numenius No Habitat very limited on KIPZ. On edge of primary range. FS curlew americanus mgmt not likely to have an influence on this species and/or its habitat in the plan area. Northern Accipiter Yes Sensitive to human caused disturbance during nesting. goshawk gentilis Northern hawk- Surnia ulula No Rare observations. Breeding unknown for KNF. On edge of owl primary range. Stable in Canada. FS mgmt not likely to have an influence on this species and/or its habitat in the plan area. Olive-sided Contopus Yes Loss of snags. Fire exclusion. flycatcher borealis Prairie falcon Falco No Rare. Nesting not known to occur on KIPZ. Threats other than mexicanus activities on FS lands. FS mgmt not likely to have an influence on this species and/or its habitat in the plan area. Pygmy nuthatch Sitta pygmaea No Loss of snags. Large diameter ponderosa pine Red-naped Sphyrapicus Yes Loss of snags sapsucker nuchalis White tailed Lagopus No Extremely rare. On edge of primary range. FS mgmt not likely ptarmigan leucurus to have an influence on this species and/or its habitat in the saxitilis plan area. Williamson’s Sphyrapicus Yes Loss of snags sapsucker thyroideus Wilson’s Phalaropus No Uncommon. Not known to occur on NF lands. FS mgmt not phalarope tricolor likely to have an influence on this species and/or its habitat in the plan area. Terrestrial Invertebrates (mollusks) Fir pinwheel Radiodiscus Yes Ground disturbing activities. abietum

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-71 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Common Scientific Include for Justification name name further analysis Pale jumping Hemphillia yes Ground disturbing activities. slug camelus Aquatic Invertebrates Striate disc Discus Yes shimekii Western Margaratifera Yes pearlshell falcata mussel

Tables F-10 and F-11 list those species to be considered for further analysis as species of concern or species of interest after the screening process.

Table F-10 Species to be considered for Species of Concern Birds American peregrine falcon Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusks) Magnum Mantleslug (Spotted slug) Pygmy slug Sheathed slug Smokey taildropper Fish Westslope cutthroat trout Burbot (ling) Plants - all (see table F-3)

Table F-11 Species to be considered for Species of Interest Amphibians Coeur d’Alene salamander Western (boreal) toad Mammals California myotis Fisher North American Wolverine Northern bog lemming Townsend’s big-eared bat Bighorn sheep Elk Mountain goat Birds Black swift Black-backed woodpecker Common loon Flammulated owl Harlequin duck Lewis’s woodpecker Northern goshawk

F-72 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Olive sided flycatcher Red-naped sapsucker Williamson’s sapsucker Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusks) Fir pinwheel Pale jumping slug Aquatic invertebrates Western pearlshell mussel Striate disc Fish Interior redband trout Plants – all (see Table F-5)

Wildlife/Fish

Aquatic/Riparian Group This includes those species associated or dependent on aquatic/riparian habitats yearlong or for some critical portion of their life cycle (i.e. nesting, breeding, etc).

Species of Concern: Amphibians - Idaho giant salamander Terrestrial mollusks - Magnum Mantleslug (Spotted slug), Pygmy slug, Sheathed slug, Smokey taildropper Fish - Westslope cutthroat trout, burbot.

Species of Interest: Amphibians - Coeur d’Alene salamander, western (boreal) toad

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-73 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Mammals - Fisher, northern bog lemming Birds - Black swift, common loon, harlequin duck, Fish - Interior redband trout. Terrestrial invertebrates - Striate disc, western pearlshell mussel Terrestrial mollusks - Fir pinwheel, pale jumping slug

The Aquatic/Riparian group was further refined based on specific habitat requirements for the species identified:

Kootenai River: burbot. Peatlands/bogs/fens: northern bog lemming Lakes greater than ten acres: common loon Large perennial streams: harlequin duck, bull trout, interior redband trout, fisher Waterfalls: black swift Wetlands: Idaho giant salamander, western toad, Seeps, spray zones: Coeur d’Alene salamander Aquatic associated terrestrial mollusks: magnum mantleslug, pygmy slug, sheathed slug, smokey taildropper, fir pinwheel.

Terrestrial Group

Species of Concern: Peregrine falcon - cliffs/nesting sites

Species of Interest: Mammals – California myotis, fisher, North American wolverine, Townsend’ big-eared bat, bighorn sheep, elk, mountain goat Birds – black-backed woodpecker, flammulated owl, Lewis’s woodpecker, northern goshawk, olive-sided flycatcher, red-naped sapsucker, Williamson’s sapsucker

The terrestrial group was further refined based on specific habitat requirements for the species identified:

Bat group – California myotis, Townsend’s big-eared bat.

Burned forest group - black-backed woodpecker, Lewis’s woodpecker, olive-sided flycatcher.

Snag and down wood (Coarse Woody Debris) associated/dependent species – black-backed woodpecker, California myotis, fisher, flammulated owl, Lewis’s woodpecker, olive-sided flycatcher, Townsend’s big-eared bat.

Big game – generalists: Bighorn sheep - lambing sites, Elk – security/winter range habitats Big game – Subalpine

F-74 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Mountain goat – winter habitats

Tables F-12 and F-13 list the species of concern and species interest and associated groups.

Table F-12 Species of Concern and Species Groups Common name Scientific name Species group Birds American peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus Cliffs - nesting Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusks) Magnum mantleslug Magnipelta mycophaga Aquatic - Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusk) Pygmy slug Kootenaia burkei Aquatic - Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusk) Sheathed slug Zacoleus idahoensis Aquatic - Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusk) Smokey taildropper Prophysaon humile Aquatic - Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusk) Fish Westslope cutthroat trout Salmo clarki lewisi Aquatic - streams Burbot (ling) Lota lota Aquatic - streams

Table F-13 Species of Interest and Species Groups Common name Scientific name Species group Amphibians Coeur d’Alene salamander Plethodon idahoensis Aquatic –seeps/spray zones Western (boreal) toad Bufo boreas Aquatic – generalist wetlands Mammals California myotis Myotis californicus Bat Fisher Martes pennanti Aquatic – perennial streams North American Wolverine Gulo gulo luscus Subalpine cirque basins Northern bog lemming Synaptomys borealis Aquatic – peatlands/bogs Townsend’s big-eared bat Corynorhinus townsendii Bat Bighorn sheep Ovis Canadensis Big game – generalist Elk Cervus elaphus nelsoni Big game – generalist Mountain goat Oreamos americanus Big game – subalpine – winter habitats Birds Black swift Cypseloides niger Aquatic - waterfalls Black-backed woodpecker Picoides arcticus Burned forest/snags Common loon Gavia immer Aquatic – lakes >10 acres Flammulated owl Otus flammeolus Warm/dry habitats/snags Harlequin duck Histrionicus histrionicus Aquatic – large streams Lewis’s woodpecker Melanerpes lewis Burned forest/snags Northern goshawk Accipiter gentilis Warm forest/moist forest Olive-sided flycatcher Contopus borealis Burned forest/snags Red-naped sapsucker Sphyrapicus nuchalis Snags Williamson’s sapsucker Sphyrapicus thyroideus Snags Fish Interior redband trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Aquatic - streams gairdneri Aquatic invertebrates Striate disc Discus shimekii Aquatic – terrestrial invertebrates Western pearlshell mussel Margaratifera falcata Aquatic – fish bearing streams Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusks) Fir pinwheel Radiodiscus abietum Aquatic - Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusk) Pale jumping slug Hemphillia camelus Aquatic - Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusk)

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-75 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Plants

Habitat guilds Habitat guilds were established for the major habitat types on the Forest. Plants on the species of concern and interest lists were placed into the various habitat guilds for further analysis. A description of each of the habitat guilds follows. 3. aquatic 4. peatland a. poor fen b. intermediate/rich fen c. ombotrophic d. paludified forest e. shrub carr 3. deciduous riparian 4. wet forest 5. moist forest 6. dry forest 7. cold forest 8. subalpine

Peatland Guild Peatlands by definition are habitats whose soil substrate is composed of organic material, where deposition of organic material exceeds decomposition. This guild can be divided into five distinct sub-guilds, each containing different plant communities and species, substrates, pH and abiotic processes: • poor fen • intermediate/rich fen • ombrotrophic bog • paludified forest • shrub carr

F-76 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest chordorrhiza (string-root sedge). Poor fens support the oldest plant communities and have changed little since the end of glaciation 6,000-7,000 years ago (Bursik and Moseley 1995; Moseley 1998). These communities are often erroneously referred to as 'bogs', especially when they occur on floating mats in seepage lakes.

Intermediate and rich fens are Sphagnum-poor peatlands with vascular plants contributing the majority of cover and composition. Most people usually refer to these communities as marshes, wet meadows or swamps. Fen soils are organic, usually with little to no decomposition of organic material, while true marshes have mineral soils and usually high rates of decomposition. Intermediate fens have equal dominance by bryophytes (Sphagnum species and true mosses) and vascular plant species, especially sedges, while rich fens have few (if any) Sphagnum species present. Organic soils of rich fens are formed by accumulation of sedge, grass and brown moss peat (Aulacomnium and Calliergon species). Carex lasiocarpa (slender sedge), Typha latifolia (cattails), and willow (Salix species)-dominated community types may occur as rich fens.

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-77 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest contain willow-dominated shrub lands associated with low gradient meandering channels or fens, and are characterized by Salix drummondiana (Drummond's willow) with lesser amounts of or codominance by Salix geyeriana (Geyer's willow) and S. sitchensis (Sitka willow); they may also contain S. bebbiana var. bebbiana (Bebb's willow) or Alnus incana (thinleaf alder) community types. The rare willows Salix candida (hoary willow) and Salix pedicellaris (bog willow) can be found in shrub-carrs and in shrub/fen mosaics.

Deciduous Riparian Guild Broad-leaved deciduous forests occur on islands and margins of lowland major rivers in the Kaniksu zone such as the Kootenai, lower Clark Fork, Pend Oreille and lower Priest rivers, and along the shores of Pend Oreille Lake and Priest Lake. These forests are most commonly dominated by Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood), with lesser amounts of introduced P. deltoides (plains cottonwood) and escaped hybrid poplars (Populus trichocarpa), which were planted for streambank stability. Cottonwood communities often are adjacent to shrub-carr communities and can form an indistinguishable mosaic. Collema curtisporum (short-spored jelly lichen) is a rare coastal disjunct lichen found on large diameter black cottonwood.

Wet Forest Guild This guild is found in wet, generally riparian, often mid- to late-successional western redcedar and western hemlock plant communities, including most identified 'ancient cedar groves' found scattered throughout the northern sub basins, generally at less than 4,000 feet. Certain plant communities within these systems, including Thuja plicata / Oplopanax horridum (cedar/devil's club), Thuja plicata / Athyrium filix-femina (cedar/ladyfern), Thuja plicata / Adiantum aleuticum (cedar/maidenhair fern), Tsuga heterophylla / Gymnocarpium dryopteris (western hemlock/oakfern) and Thuja plicata / Gymnocarpium dryopteris (cedar/oakfern), have a high potential to support rare plants. Clear moss is associated with seeps and "boggy" areas in wet cedar forests.

F-78 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest minganense (Mingan moonwort), B. pedunculosum (stalked moonwort), B. paradoxum and B. ascendens (upswept moonwort) occur in these communities on riparian benches or other shallow- sloped microsites. Wet forest communities can also contain, or intergrade into, peatland communities such that Peatland Guild species and Wet Forest Guild species can overlap across the landscape. Some of the Wet Forest Guild species can also be found in Moist Forest Guild habitats.

Moist Forest Guild This guild is found in moist Thuja plicata (western redcedar) and Tsuga heterophylla (western hemlock) plant communities, generally in mid- to late-successional stages below 4,800 feet. A few species can also be found in moist Abies grandis / Asarum caudatum (grand fir / ginger) and Abies grandis / Clintonia uniflora (grand fir / queencup beadlily) communities. Certain members of the Wet Forest Guild can also be found in these more mesic upland plant communities. This guild contains the following plant communities: Tsuga heterophylla / Asarum caudatum (hemlock/wild ginger), T. heterophylla / A. caudatum - Aralia nudicaulis (hemlock/ginger - wild sarsaparilla), T. heterophylla / Clintonia uniflora (hemlock / beadlily), T. heterophylla / C. uniflora - Aralia nudicaulis (hemlock / beadlily - wild sarsaparilla), T. heterophylla / C. uniflora - Menziesia ferruginea (hemlock / beadlily - fool's huckleberry), Thuja plicata / Asarum caudatum (cedar/ginger) and Thuja plicata / Clintonia uniflora (cedar/beadlily). Rare Botrychium species (moonworts), especially Botrychium minganense (Mingan moonwort) and B. lanceolatum (triangle moonwort) can be found in shallow-sloped microsites. The boreal species Lycopodium dendroideum (ground pine) can also occur in these more mesic communities.

Dry Forest Guild This guild encompasses dry, open sites in Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine), Pseudotsuga menziesii / Physocarpus malvaceus (Douglas-fir / ninebark), P. menziesii / Calamagrostis rubescens - Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Douglas-fir / pinegrass - kinnikinnick) and P. menziesii / Festuca idahoensis (Douglas-fir / Idaho fescue) or / Agropyron spicatum [Elymus spicata] (bluebunch wheatgrass) communities, generally below 4,500 feet.

Cold Forest Guild Includes the more productive and mesic phases of Abies lasiocarpa / Menziesia ferruginea (subalpine fir/menziesia) and Abies lasiocarpa/Xerophyllum tenax (subalpine fir/beargrass) community types, mostly above 4,800 feet; however, they can occur below 4,800 feet in cold, north-facing drainages. This includes cold riparian areas that can extend well below 4,000 feet and are dominated by cold and wet Abies lasiocarpa / Calamagrostis canadensis (subalpine fir / bluejoint reedgrass) and Abies lasiocarpa / Streptopus amplexifolius (subalpine fir/twisted stalk) communities.

Subalpine Guild Includes certain plant communities found at high elevation sites, generally above about 5,000 feet, mostly on ridges, subalpine parklands (subalpine grass and sedge communities), exposed rock outcrops and the following harsh, high elevation communities: • Abies lasiocarpa (subalpine fir) krummholtz • Abies lasiocarpa / Rhododendron albiflorum (subalpine fir/white rhododendron) • Salix commutata (undergreen willow) • Abies lasiocarpa / Vaccinium scoparium (subalpine fir/grouse whortleberry) • Abies lasiocarpa / Luzula hitchcockii (subalpine fir/smooth woodrush) • Larix lyallii (subalpine larch) / Pinus albicaulis (whitebark pine)

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-79 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Tables F-14 and F-15 list the plant species of concern and plant species of interest, respectively, and their associated habitat guild.

Table F-14 Plant Species of Concern Common name Scientific name Species group or plant habitat guild Short-beaked Aloe-moss Aloina brevirostris Grassland Upswept moonwort Botrychium ascendens Wet Forest Dainty moonwort Botrychium crenulatum Wet Forest Western moonwort Botrychium hesperium Wet Forest Western goblin Botrychium montanum Wet Forest Pale moonwort Botrychium pallidum Wet Forest Peculiar moonwort Botrychium paradoxum Wet Forest/moist forest Stalked moonwort Botrychium pedunculosum Wet forest Horsehair lichen Bryoria subdivergens Subalpine Disc lichen Buellia badia Subalpine Icelandmoss Cetraria subalpina Subalpine Needle lichen Chaenotheca subroscida Dry forests Short-spored jelly lichen Collema curtisporum Deciduous riparian Britton's dry rock moss Grimmia brittoniae Moist forest Washington monkeyflower Mimulus washingtonensis Moist forest Ragged lichen Platismatia stenophylla Moist forest/wet forest Cartilage lichen Ramalina thrausta Moist forest/wet forest Spribillei’s groundsel Senecio spribillei Moist forest/wet forest

Table 15 Plant Species of Interest Common name Scientific name Species group or plant habitat guild Cuddy Mountain onion Allium fibrillum Dry forest Thin-leaf alder shrubland Alnus incana shrubland Moist forest/wet forest Red alder Alnus rubra Moist forest/wet forest Aloina moss Aloina brevirostris Wet forest Round-leaved orchis Amerorchis rotundifolia Wet forest Blytt's andreaea moss Andreaea blyttii Wet forest Greenleaf manzanita Arctostaphylos patula Dry forests Water marigold Bidens beckii Aquatic Triangle moonwort Botrychium lanceolatum Moist forest/wet forest Mingan moonwort Botrychium minganense Moist forest Least moonwort Botrychium simplex Dry forest/moist forest Brachythecium moss Brachythecium reflexum Moist forest Watershield Brasenia schreberi Aquatic Sagebrush mariposa lily Calochortus macrocarpus Dry forest Small camas Camassia quamash Moist forest Big-leaf sedge Carex amplifolia Moist forest String-root sedge Carex chordorrhiza Aquatic Woollyfruit sedge herbaceous Carex lasiocarpa herbaceous Moist forest vegetation vegetation Pale sedge Carex livida Peatland Prairie sedge Carex prairea Peatland Beaked sedge Carex rostrata Aquatic Many-headed sedge Carex synchnocephala Moist forest Sheathed sedge Carex vaginata Deciduous riparian Clustered thistle Cirsium brevistylum Dry forest/moist forest

F-80 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Common name Scientific name Species group or plant habitat guild Common Clarkia Clarkia rhomboidea Dry Forest Sand springbeauty Claytonia arenicola Dry forest/moist forest Pink corydalis Corydalis sempervirens Dry forest/moist forest Clustered lady's slipper Cypripedium fasciculatum Warm forest/moist forest Yelow Lady’s-slipper Cypripedium parviflorum Deciduous riparian Sparrow’s-egg Lady’s-slipper Cypripedium passerinum Deciduous riparian English sundew Drosera anglica Aquatic Crested shield fern Dryopteris cristata Aquatic Slender cottongrass Eriophorum gracile Peatland Green-keeled cotton grass Eriophorum viridicarinatum Peatland Western pearl flower Heterocodon rariflorum Dry forest Hygrohypnum moss Hygrohypnum cochlearifolium Subalpine Tule pea Lathyrus bijigatus Dry forest Douglas' bladderpod Lesquerella douglasii Dry forest Leucolepis umbrella moss Leucolepis acanthoneuron Moist forest Bitter root Lewisia rediviva Dry forest Hall's lung wort Lobaria hallii Moist forest Geyer’s biscuit root Lomatium geyeri Dry forest Northern bog clubmoss Lycopodiella inundata Peatland Ground pine Lycopodium dendroideum Moist forest/wet forest One-cone clubmoss Lycopodium lagopus Moist forest/wet forest Opposite-leaved tarweed Madia minima Dry forest Cascade barberry Mahonia nervosa Dry forest Meesia moss Meesia triquetra Peatland Meesia moss Meesia uliginosa Subalpine Shortflower monkeyflower Mimulus breviflorus Moist forest Nodobryoria subdivergens Nodobryoria subdivergens Subalpine Oligotrichum moss Oligotrichum aligerum Moist forest Northern adder’s tongue Ophioglossum pusillum Aquatic Northern beechfern Phegopteris connectilis Moist forest Engelmann and white spruce/ Picea (engelmannii x glauca, Moist forests field horsetail forest engelmannii) / equisetum arvense forest Engelmann spruce/ bluejoint Picea engelmannii / calamagrostis Moist forests forest canadensis forest Platyhypnidium moss Platyhypnidium riparioides Moist forest/deciduous riparian Kruckeberg’s hollyfern Polystichum kruckebergii Subalpine Mountain hollyfern Polystichum scopulinum Moist forest Dwarf wooly heads Psilocarphus brevissimus Aquatic Pygmy racomitrium moss Racomitrium pygmaeum Moist forest Shinyleaf gooseberry Ribes cognatum Moist forest Trailing black currant Ribes laxiflorum Moist forests Drummond's willow/ bluejoint Salix drummondiana / calamagrostis Moist forest/deciduous riparian shrubland canadensis shrubland Drummond's willow/ Northwest Salix drummondiana / carex Moist forest/deciduous riparian Territory sedge shrubland utriculata shrubland Yerba buena Satureja douglasii Moist forest Pod grass Scheuchzeria palustris Aquatic Tufted bulrush Scirpus cespitosus Peatland Water clubrush Schoenoplectus subterminalis Aquatic (Scirpus subterminalis) Scorpidium moss Scorpidium scorpioides Peatland Wulf's sphagnum Sphagnum wulfianum Moist forest/deciduous riparian Pyramid Spirea Spiraea pyramidata Moist forest/ wet forest Pigflower tellima Tellima grandiflora Moist forests Flat-leaved bladderwort Utricularia intermedia Aquatic Velvetleaf huckleberry Vaccinium myrtilloides Moist forest White violet Viola renifolia Moist forest/wet forest Selkirk's violet Viola selkirkii Moist forest/wet forest

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-81 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

8. Managing for appropriate amounts and distribution of habitats used by the species, including habitat restoration, if necessary. 9. Managing natural and human disturbance factors (wildland fire, roads, trails, dams, and so forth) so their impacts on the species are acceptable. 10. Managing biotic interaction 11. Managing for disturbances that are key to species survival. 12. Managing currently known species locations. This may involve all locations or a subset of locations. 13. Managing newly discovered locations. This could involve all or a subset of locations. 14. Maintaining suitable habitat that is not currently occupied but has a high likelihood of being occupied in the near future.

Federally Listed Species With the exception of the Canada lynx, all T&E species are regulated by recovery plans that include direction for recovery of that particular species. In addition to recovery plans, direction may also be found in State recovery plans, terms and conditions from Biological Opinions and other pertinent regulatory documents.

F-82 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Species of Concern and Species of Interest Tables F-16 and F-17 display the species of concern and species of interest, respectively, and related Proposed Land Management Plan components.

Table F-16 Species of Concern and Proposed Forest Plan Components Species Proposed Forest Plan components Birds American Peregrine falcon Species protection component and ecosystem diversity

Terrestrial invertebrates - mollusks Magnum Mantleslug Aquatic protections/terrestrial mollusk component Pygmy slug Aquatic protections/terrestrial mollusk component Sheathed slug Aquatic protections/terrestrial mollusk component Smokey taildropper Aquatic protections/terrestrial mollusk component Fish Westslope cutthroat trout Aquatic protections Burbot Aquatic protections

Table F-17 Species of Interest and Proposed Forest Plan Components Species Proposed Forest Plan components Amphibians Coeur d’Alene salamander Aquatic protections Western (boreal) toad Aquatic protections Mammals California myotis Bat group components, snag components, and ecosystem diversity. Fisher Aquatic protections, ecosystem diversity North American Wolverine Species protection component Northern bog lemming Aquatic protections/ habitat protection component Townsend’s big-eared bat Bat group components, snag components, and ecosystem diversity. Bighorn sheep Big game components and ecosystem diversity Elk Big game components and ecosystem diversity Mountain goat Species protection component Birds Black swift Aquatic protections Black-backed woodpecker Snag component, burned forest component and ecosystem diversity Common loon Aquatic protections, species protection component and ecosystem diversity Flammulated owl Snag component, species protection component and ecosystem diversity Harlequin duck Aquatic protections, species protection component and ecosystem diversity Lewis’ woodpecker Snag component, burned forest component and ecosystem diversity Northern goshawk Raptor nest protection and ecosystem diversity. Olive sided flycatcher Snag component, burned forest component and ecosystem diversity

KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report F-83 Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Species Proposed Forest Plan components Red-naped sapsucker Snag component and ecosystem diversity Williamson’s sapsucker Snag component and ecosystem diversity Terrestrial invertebrates (mollusks) Fir pinwheel Aquatic protections/terrestrial mollusk component Pale jumping slug Aquatic protections/terrestrial mollusk component Aquatic invertebrates Striate disc Aquatic protections/terrestrial invertebrate component Western pearlshell Aquatic protections Fish Interior redband trout Aquatic protections Plants All Species protection component

Table F-18 Plants on Regional Watch List Species Common Name Rare Plant Guild Botrychium lineare (H) linear-leaved moonwort Moist Forest/ Wet Forest Moist / Dry Forest (granite to basalt Tripterocladium leucocladulum (H) tripterocladium moss rock substrates) Astragalus microcystis (H) least bladdery milkvetch Dry Forest Hookeria lucens (H) clear moss Wet Forest Buxbaumia aphylla (S) leafless bug-on-a-stick Subalpine Epipactis gigantea (S) giant helleborine Peatland / Seeps Lobaria scrobiculata (S) textured lungwort Rock cliffs in Dry Forest Pentagramma triangularis (S) goldback fern Wet Forest Thelypteris nevadensis (S) Sierra woodfern Wet Forest (seeps)

F-84 KIPZ Draft Comprehensive Evaluation Report Appendix F – Species of Concern and Species of Interest

Terms and Abbreviations Following is a description of the terms and abbreviations used in this document.

Terms on Occurrence Seasonal Species migrates into Montana and normally remains for part of the year.

Yearlong Species is present yearlong (may be inactive or rarely detected during some seasons)

Known Species is known to occur on the Forest.

Suspected Species is suspected to occur on the Forest

Accidental Species is outside of its normal range

Migrant Occurring regularly on migration at particular staging areas or conservation spots where the species might warrant conservation attention. Conservation status refers to the aggregating transient population of the species. Species passes through the area during spring or fall migration periods, but does not remain on the forest

Transient Species may temporarily inhabit an area.

Terms on Species Status Sensitive Species identified by the Regional Forester for which population viability is a concern as evidenced by significant downward trend in population or a significant downward trend in habitat capacity.

Endangered Species is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

Threatened Species is likely to become endangered within the foreseeqable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

Candidate Ready for proposal. Species for which FWS or NOAA fisheries has on file sufficient information on biological vulnerability and threats to support a proposal to list as endangered or threatened.

Proposed Species that is proposed in the Federal Register to be listed as either threatened (PT) or endangerd (PE) under section 4 of the Endangered Species Act.

XN Experimental population. Non essential. A population (including its offspring) of a listed species designated by rule published in the Federal Register that is wholly separate geographically from other populations of the same species. an experimental population may be subject to less stringent prohibitions than are applied to the remainder of the species to which it belongs. An experimental “non-essential” population is a population whose loss would not appreciably reduce the prospect of survival of the species in the wild.

Conservation Tier 1 species or greatest conservation need as identified in “Montana’s Need Comprehensive Fish and Wildlife Conservation Strategy

Concern Native animals breeding in the state that are considered to be “at risk” due to declining population trends, threats to their habitats, and/or restricted distribution

Potential Animals for which current, often limited, information suggests potential vulnerability or for which additional data are needed before an accurate status assessment can be made.

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Global and State Ranks from NatureServe and Montana Ranks from the Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Listed below are definitions for interpreting NatureServe and State conservatiuon status ranks (GRanks and SRanks). These ranks reflect an assessment of the condition of the species rangewide (GRank) and statewide (SRank). Rangewide ranks are assigned by NatureServe and statewide ranks are assigned by the Montana Natural Heritage Program. Species are assigned ranks ranging from 1 (highest concern) to 5 (lowest concern). Table F-19 contains definitions for the codes. A full explanation of the rank codes can be found at http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/ranking.htm.

Table F-19 Definitions of NatureServe and State Conservation Status Ranks Rank Definition G Global (range-wide) status S Statewide status T Rank for a subspecific taxon (subspecies, variety, or population); appended to the global rank for the full species. N GX or SX GH or SH G1 or S1 Critically imperiled because of extreme rarity or because of some factor making especially vulnerable to extinction. G2 or S2 Imperiled because of rarity or because of other factors demonstrably making it very vulnerable to extinction throughout its range. G3 or S3 Either very rare and local throughout its range, or found locally (even abundantly at some of its locations) in a restricted range, or vulnerable to extinction throughout its range because of other factors. G4 or S4 Apparently secure, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery. G5 or S5 Demonstrably secure, though it may be quite rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery. GNR or SNR Unranked. Conservation status not yet assessed. GU or SU Unranked. Currently unrankable due to lack of information or due to substantially conflicting information about status or trends. Q Taxonomic distinctiveness of this entity at the current level is questionable. SR Species reported in Montana but without a basis for either accepting or rejecting the report, or the report not yet reviewed locally. GNA or SNA Not applicable. A conservation status rank is not applicable because the species is not a suitable target for conservation activities. B Breeding. Conservation status N Nonbreeding. Conservation status refers to the non-breeding population of the species.

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Literature Cited Cassirer, E. F., J. D. Reichel, R. L. Wallen, and E. C. Atkinson. 1996. Harlequin Duck (Histrionicus histrionicus) conservation assessment and strategy for the U.S. Rocky Mountains. Unpublished Technical Report, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Lewiston, Idaho, U.S.A. Groves, C. R., E. F. Cassirer, D. L. Genter, and J. D. Reichel. 1996. Coeur d’Alene salamander (Plethedon idahoensis). Natural Areas Journal 16: 238-247. Groves, C. R. and C. Peterson. 1992. Distribution and population trends of Idaho amphibians as determined by mail questionnaire. Conservation Data center, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Boise, Idaho, U.S.A..Hendricks, Paul. 2003. Status and Conservation Management of Terrestrial Mollusks of Special Concern in Montana. Report to Region I, U.S. Forest Service. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena. 67 pp. + appendices. Available at: http://nhp.nris.state.mt.us/animal/reports/inverts/Montana_Mollusk_Report.pdf Maxell, B.A. 2000. Management of Montana’s amphibians: a review of factors that may present a risk to population viability and accounts on the identification, distribution, taxonomy, habitat use, natural history, and the status and conservation of individual species. Report to USFS Region 1, Order Number 43-0343-0-0224.University of Montana, Wildlife Biology Program. Missoula, Montana. 161 pp. Available at: http://www.isu.edu/~petechar/iparc/Maxell_Mgmnt.pdf

Idaho Department of Fish and Game. 2005. Idaho Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy. Idaho Conservation Data Center, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Boise, ID. Available at: http://fishandgame.idaho.gov/cms/tech/CDC/cwcs.cfm Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation. 1999. Conference, Conserving Amphibians and Reptiles in the New Millennium, 2-4 June 1999; Atlanta, Georgia. Available at http://www.parcplace.org Pierson, E. D., M. C. Wackenhut, J. S.Altenbach, P. Bradley, P. Call, D. L. Genter, C. E. Harris, B. L. Keller, B. Lengus, L. Lewis, B. Luce, K.W. Navo, J. M. Perkins, S. Smith, and L. Welch. 1999. Species conservation assessment and strategy for Townsend’s big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii townsendii and Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens). Idaho Conservation Effort, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Boise, Idaho, USA. Reichel, J. D., and J. G. Corn. 1997. Northern Bog Lemmings: survey, population parameters, and population analysis. Report to USDA Forest Service. Montana Natural Heritage, Helena, Montana, U.S.A. Wisdom, M. J., R. S. Holthausen, B. C. Wales, C. D. Hargis, V. A. Saab, D. C. Lee, W. J. Hann, T. D. Rich, M. M. Rowland, W. J. Murphy and M. R. Eames. 2000. Source habitats for terrestrial vertebrates of focus in the interior Columbia basin: broad-scale trends and management implications. Vols. 1-3. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-485. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Portland, Oregon, USA.

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Literature Reviewed Dolan, Patricia M. 1994. The Common Loon in the Northern Region: Biology and Management Recommendations. USDA Forest Service Region 1. Foresman, Kerry R. 2001. The Wild Mammals of Montana. Special Publication No. 12, The American Society of Mammalogists. Frest, Terrence J. and Edward J. Johannes. 1995. Interior Columbia Basin Mollusk Species of Special Concern. Available: http://www.icbemp.gov/science/frest_1.pdf Genter, David L. and Katherine A. Jurist. 1995 Bats of Montana. Montana Natural Heritage Program. Available: http://fwp.mt.gov/content/fieldguide/batsummary.pdf Hendricks, Paul. 2003. Status and Conservation Management of Terrestrial Mollusks of Special Concern in Montana. Report to Region I, U.S. Forest Service. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena. 67 pp. + appendicies. Available: http://nhp.nris.state.mt.us/animal/reports/inverts/Montana_Mollusk_Report.pdf Hendricks, Paul, Compiler. 2005. Surveys for Animal Species of Concern in Northwestern Montana. Report to Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks, State Wildlife Grants Program, Helena, Montana. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena, MT. 53 pp. Available: http://nhp.nris.state.mt.us/Reports/NW_Animals_SWG_052605.pdf Hendricks, Paul and Bryce Maxell. 2005. Provisional Inventory and Monitoring Protocols for Terrestial Mollusks of the USFS Northern Region. Montana Natural Heritage Program. Hendricks, P. and B.A. Maxell. 2005. Bat Surveys on USFS Northern Region Lands in Montana: 2005. Report to the USDA Forest Service, Northern Region. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Helena, MT. 12 pp. plus appendices. Hendricks, Paul and Bryce Maxell. 2005. USFS Northern Region 2005 Land Mollusk Inventory: a Progress Report. Montana Natural Heritage Program. Hendricks, Paul and Bryce Maxell. 2005. Personal discussion with Forest Service planning biologists. Idaho Department of Fish and Game. 2005. Idaho Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy. Idaho Conservation Data Center, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Boise, ID. Available: http://fishandgame.idaho.gov/cms/tech/CDC/cwcs.cfm Lenard, S., J. Ellis, C. Jones, and C. Tilley. P.D. Skaar’s Montana Bird Distribution, 6th Edition. Montana Audubon, Helena, Montana. Maxell, B.A. 2000. Management of Montana’s amphibians: a review of factors that may present a risk to population viability and accounts on the identification, distribution, taxonomy, habitat use, natural history, and the status and conservation of individual species. Report to USFS Region 1, Order Number 43-0343-0-0224.University of Montana, Wildlife Biology Program. Missoula, Montana. 161 pp. Available: http://www.isu.edu/~petechar/iparc/Maxell_Mgmnt.pdf

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Maxell, Bryce A., J. Kirwin Werner, Paul Hendricks, Dennis L. Flath. 2003. Herpetology in Montana: Checklists, Dichotomous Keys, Accounts for Native, Potentially Native, and Exotic Species, and Indexed Bibliography. Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology. The Montana Animal Field Guide. Natural Heritage Program and Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. Available: http://nhp.nris.state.mt.us/animalguide/ Montana Bird Distribution - Query Database. Montana Natural Heritage Program, Montana Audubon, and the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks. Available: http://nhp.nris.state.mt.us/mbd/query.asp Montana’s Comprehensive Fish and Wildlife Conservation Strategy. 2005. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, 1420 East Sixth Avenue, Helena, MT 59620. Available: http://fwp.mt.gov/wildthings/cfwcs/strategy.html Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, Montana Natural Heritage Program. July 2004. Animal Species of Concern. Available: http://nhp.nris.state.mt.us/animal/reports/2004_MASOC.pdf NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. 2002. Version 4.7. Arlington, Virginia, USA: NatureServe. Available: http://www.natureserve.org/explorer Poole, A. (Editor). 2005. The Birds of North American Online. Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY. Available: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/BNA/ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Birds of Conservation Concern 2002. Division of Migratory Bird Management, Arlington, Virginia. 99 pp. Available: http://migratorybirds.fws.gov/reports/bcc2002.pdf USDI Fish and Wildlife Service. 1/17/2006.Threatened, Endangered and Candidate Species for the Kootenai National Forest. Available: http://montanafieldoffice.fws.gov/Endangered_Species/Listed_Species/Forests. html USDI Fish and Wildlife Service. 1/17/2006. Idaho Endangered, Threatened, Proposed and Candidate Species by County. Available: http://www.fws.gov/idahoes/county/Idaho.htm Werner, J. Kirwin, Bryce A. Maxell, Paul Hendricks, and Dennis L. Flath. 2004. Amphibians and Reptiles of Montana.

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