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Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) and JB 318: a Comparison of Two Hallucinogens

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Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) and JB 318: a Comparison of Two Hallucinogens A.E.A. Arch.gen.Psyc-hiat. _., 176-!87 (1960). LSD 801 Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) and JB 318: A Comparison of Two Hallucinogens 11. A_t F.xplora.tor 5, _tudy BINYAMIN Z. LEBOVITSPh.D.;, HAROLDM. VISOTSKY,M.D., and ADRIANM. OSTFELD,M.D., Chicago Introduction and MMI'I were described, compared, and The tlt-st article in this series contained correlated in the initial publication. a description of the purposes and method- The results described in the first paper oh,gy of the study.' The aims of the re- may be summarized as follows: While JB search ,is stated therein were twofold" I1) 318 induced more hallucinations, LSD ad- t_ define the effects of both drugs in terms ministration was oftener followed by changes of psychometric tests, and (21 to corot)are in affect and tu.My image. Both agents sig- the new hallucinogen, Jl; 318 IN-ethyl-3- nificantly elevated the F (Validity), D tfil,eridyl henzilate) with LS1) (lysergic (Depression), Pt (Psychasthenia), and Sc acid diethylamide), a drug that has become (Schizophrenia) scales among the classical a sort of staudard of reference in the area. MMPI scales, as well as D1, D4, Hy3, Scl, rl't'll carefulh" screened medical student Sc2, Sc2 A, and Sc3 of the Harris subscales. vohmteers participated in the double-blind. LSD alone significantly increased the Ma counterbalanced design exI,eriment. "l"hey t Hypomania) scale of the classical scales, ingested 100/_g. of I.S1) on one occasion and the \Vynne Neuroticism Scale, and the 15 rag. of JB 318 on the other. The interx'al Sol A, Sel B, Sc2 B, Sc2 C, DS, and Ma3 between drug experiments was five to eight scales of the Harris subscales. JB 318 alone weeks, t'svchiatric interviews, tape recorded increased Hs (Itypochondriasis) and L and rated, and bodily measurements were (l.ie), among the classical scales and D3, of carried out before and at i/rede:ermined in- the Harris subscales. It decreased Hy2 of lervals after the administration of each the Harris subscales. drug) The Minnesota Multiphasic Per- Subjects whose predrug MMPI exhibited sonatity tn\entorv (MMPl), Rorschach marked constriction, inhibition, and defen- test, Jarvik (.,)uestiomlaire)' and Clyde Mood siveness exhibited the widest range in drug- Scale a were a(hninistered in the 1)redrug induced psychopathology. Some exhibited state and approximately one to two hours almost no change; others figuratively "fell after administration of each agent. The apart." Certain other aspects of the pre- Clvde Mo_t Scale was also administered drug MMPI's correlated with drug effects. three to nine days after each drug experi- The higher the Taylor Manifest Anxiety ment. The effects of the two drugs on be- Scale score on the predrug MMPI the more harlot, on some autonomicallv regulated t)sychol)athology was reported after JB 318. NMv functions, and on the Questionnaire The higher the means of the "Neurotic" and Submitted for publication March 18, 1960. "l_'sychotic" scales on the predrug MMPI Supporte*t by a grant from the U.S. Public the more psychopathology was exhibited tt<dth Service. after I,SD. The scores on the "Neurotic" From the I)epartmenls of Preventive Medicine and " ) " " and Psychiatry. University of Illinois College of t sychotlc scales of the MMPI ad- Medicine, :rod the Department of Psychology, ministered during the period of LSD effect F,_sevch l.niversiLv, correlated significantly and positively with 84/176 LSD AND JB 318 the amount of psychopathology evident in duri.ng the second drug experiment. The Wil- the taped interviews, coxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test was enl- The first paper in this series dealt largely ployed for these comparisons) The Clyde Mood Scale is an adjec'tive check with specific scores on the MMPI and their list consisting of a four-point scale,_ on which correlations with other drug effects. The the subject rates himself with respect to 133 m(x_t- present communication describes the effects describing adjectives. Results are _:ored for seven of the drugs on the quantitative aspects of different moods: Adventt, rons, Co_atente*t, Friendly, the Rorschach test and on the Clyde Mood Energetic, Earnest, Fearful, and Desperate. The instrument was developed by Clyde specifically Scale. We are aware that the first paper to evahnue the effect o¢ drugs on mood. The in the series and the present communication mood scale was administered six times to each have dealt largely with numerical results suhject; once immediately before each drug (pre- and have left unanswered many important drug), again at or just before the peak action questions about the meaning of the data. In of each agent ("peak"), and once again three to nine days after administration of the drug a third, and final, paper it will be our aim (postdrug). Five subjects receiw_l JB 318 first; to describe in more detail certain features five took LSD first by random assignments. of the behavior of the subjects, to discuss the Eight paired comparisons were made between the qualitative aspects of the Rorschach test, six sets of mood scales. Each scale was corn- and to analyze the significance and meaning ingparedthewithperiodthe ofcorrespondingdmlg effect scale("peak")completedand withdur- of all results, the appropriate postdrug scale. Each ("peak") Method scale was compared with the corresponding post- drug scale. The predrug scales completed before The Rorschach test was administered as part of administratiou of the second dru_ were compared a preselection battery and was repeated during with the first predrug scales. Order effects were the period of effect of the two drugs. Adminis- examined by comparing scores achieved during tration and scoring followed the system outlined the period of effect of the drug administered first by Klogfer _ with minimum reliabilities (rescor- with those achieved during the peri_,l of effect ing 'vs. original scoring) falling in the high 0.g0's. of the second drug. The \Vilcoxon matched- The Rorschach protocols were scored without pairs signed-ranks test was 11s_1 for all these c_msidered systematic knowledge of the other be- comparisons.' havioral and Waychometric data. In addition to the classical scores, the content-scoring categories de- Re,,ults preo_zevelol_l ulmtkmby DeVos,, neutral_namely,, and nhostility,on-neutralanxiety,categobodyries, Rorschach Test.--Table 1 shows the were applied to all responses. The non-neutral means of the Klopfer (classical) scores and category is the sum of the hostility, anxiety, ;rod body preoccul_tion categories. TABLE 1.--Means of the Classical R,,rschach The DeVos system repre_nts an attempt to I'ariahh'._ and Malor DcUos Categories evaluate the affect expressed m the Rorschach During Predrua and Drug States responses through their content symholism. The ............... _---_ ......... scores reflect only the symbolic expression of af- Cl_hml ¢'ategorles Normal LSD JB 318 fects through the dimension of content analysis. R 28.0 37.9 :ms The symbolic meanings of classes attd subclasses w% 44.0 _2.0 ,7.0 of responses were derived by DeVos from M% 1,5.0 18.7 1-t.2 Rorschach and psychoanalytic literature. In es- v% 30.0 35.0 as.o sence, the system is based on an approach similar zc 2.7 2.2 2._ a % 41.4 at.0 32.6 to that used in dream analysis. H % 13.7 14.2 14.8 The Klopfer (classical) and DeVos categories pg 24.3 19.3 1,5..5 of responses were tabulated for t_<h suhjecI. The a _ 8,9,10 a_.t as.,5 as.2 predrug responses were compared with those made DPVoS Categories during the period of effect of JB 318 and with those achieved dnring LSD effects. Scores achieved Anxiety % 11.9 18.8 20.4 during the period of effect of one drug were Hostility % 17,1 1,5.9 200 compared with those made during the other drug Bodypreoecu_m- ti0n % 13.4 8.4 I0.5 period. Order effects were examined by compar- Neutral % 42.0 44.0 38.7 itxg responses made during the period of effect Non-neutral _ 4,5.4 42.',) ,51.5 of the drug administered first with those achieved Lebovlts et al. 85/177 .4R('ItlI'ES" OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY of the major DeVos scoring categories, psychopathologic effects of JB 318 in these Neither drug indnced a _ignificant change in same subjects. any of the _cores. Nor were there any sig- Interrelationshii)s between the Rorschach nificaut ,lifferences between drug effects, variables listed in "Fable l and other drug Similarly, scores achieved during the period effects were sought. Each variable was cor- of effect of the first drug did mJt differ related with the following categories of signiticantly from those made during the drug-induced changes: number of hallucina- second drug trial. Another aspect t_f the tions and illusions, and number of affect faihu-c _,f the drng ext)erilnents to alter changes expressed in rated tapes; % in- the Ror,,chach responses is shown in Table 2. crease in pupil diameter (J13 318) or systolic More than half of the variables showed sig- blood pressure (LSD) ; number of changes 1fificant and positive 51)ea1man rank-order in body image; number of "yes" answers on corlelati(m coet:ficients when the predrug and the Jarvik Questionnaire, and total number the two drug states were c(mal_al-e(l, of psychol)athological 1)henotnena (exclusive In o11h- .he cane. Fc';, did all three in- of the questionnaire). These categories of tercorrelations fail to sh()w at least one sig- drttg effects were chosen because the data nificant c.rrelation. :':,cores achieved dnring were compatible with such a classification, the l,redrug and I,SI) states were most and similar itetns have been discussed fre- similar.
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