Background Student Researcher: Preliminary Results Alexis Mercado [email protected] Antitussives, also known as cough medicine are Faculty Advisor: Dr. Steven Farmer [email protected] Overall, our preliminary results reveals the used as remedies that suppress the cough reflex. difference between Codeine and DXM. The Cough syrup can come from two different shocking result is codeine in prescription cough categories, prescription and over the counter syrup and DXM in OTC cough syrup are opiates. (OTC). Prescription cough syrup may contain a Research Question Individuals with influential power such as rap artists, controlled substance known as codeine and Does Popular Culture influence recreational television creators, etc. are taking advantage of their requires a written prescription authorized by use of cough syrup? If so, how? power to expose biological effects in cough syrup physicians. OTC cough syrup may contain a legal because of desired side effects of elevating one’s synthetic form of codeine, called Abstract state of mind or altering one’s state of mind. dextromethorphan (DXM). DXM can be obtained The purpose of this research is to explore the intertwined by anyone eighteen or older without a written relationship between antitussives and popular culture while prescription from physicians. Since the 1990s, it understanding the bodily effects of codeine and has become evident that cough syrup is now used dextromethorphan (DXM). The literature review is aimed to develop an educational and biological understanding of the for recreational purposes from the influence of two classifications of antitussives: codeine and DXM. As for popular culture such as rap artists, tv shows, the influence of popular culture, analyzing rap artists’ and social media trends towards the recreational use of codeine, social media, celebrities, and more. Through this Figure 2: “Dirty Sprite” a slang term will reveal the power of popular culture influence to Figure 1: The cough reflex and for the mixture of Sprite soda and research I will explore the relationship between pathways in humans cough medicine containing consume high dosages of codeine or DXM. I constructed a codeine. antitussives and popular culture. questionnaire for Sonoma State University students, faculty, and staff population to collect data on their knowledge of the relationship between antitussives and popular culture which Discussion Methods will uncover slang terms for recreational use of cough syrup. As the biological mechanisms of Codeine and vLiterature research of codeine, dextromethorphan, DXM are overlooked and recreational use of and cough syrup Dextromethorphan Codeine antitussives increase, there are slang terms vResearch on data involving human consumption individuals use referring to the recreational use of and accessibility of cough syrup cough syrup such as “Purple Drank”, “Sizzurp”, vResearch on popular culture/social media of “Lean”, “Dirty Sprite”, and much more. Further recreational use of cough syrup. research will be analyzed including the data vConstructed a questionnaire for SSU students, Reference collected from the questionnaire about the faculty, and staff population to collect data on v Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. (n.d.). FDA removes approval of Rx opioid cough and cold med in kids under 18. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drugsafety/ucm590435.htm relationship between antitussives and popular their knowledge of the relationship between v Codeine. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/codeine#section=Boiling-Point v Cough Medicine Abuse by Teens. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=cough-medicine- abuse-by-teens-1-2617 culture to uncover increase expose to recreational antitussives and popular culture which uncover v Dextromethorphan/DXM Overdose: Dangers of Abusing Cough Medicine (n.d.). Dextromethorphan/DXM Overdose: Dangers of Abusing Cough Medicine. Retrieved from https://americanaddictioncenters.org/dextromethorphan-dxm use of antitussives. v Watkins, M. (n.d.). Cough Syrup with Codeine Abuse, Also Known as Lean and Purple Drank. Retrieved from slang terms for recreational use of cough syrup. https://americanaddictioncenters.org/codeine-addiction/cough-syrup