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Proposal for Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Navajo Lake Sportfish Improvement

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Proposal for Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Navajo Lake Sportfish Improvement Proposal for Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Navajo Lake Sportfish Improvement Project Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Southern Region Project Background and Summary Navajo Lake is a popular sport fishery on the Cedar City Ranger District. Creel surveys show that this lake receives as much or more fishing pressure than blue ribbon fisheries on the District like Panguitch Lake. Fish management of Navajo Lake has varied over the years, with the primary fishery being catchable rainbow trout. Utah chub are a minnow native to the Bonneville Basin that have been shown to outcompete trout for resources in many lake systems throughout Utah, negatively impacting the quality of the sport fishery. When the chub population is dense, rainbow trout stocked at "catchable" size (10 inches) in the spring show little growth through the summer and limited survival through the winter. Rotenone was used in 1988 and 1997 to eliminate/reduce Utah chub populations in Navajo Lake when their populations rose to the level where the sport fishery was negatively impacted. In the late 2000s when chub populations began increasing the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources stocked splake (a brook trout/lake trout hybrid) into Navajo Lake in the hopes that this fish-eating species might be able to control Utah chub numbers. In the early 2010s this worked well and produced a trophy splake fishery. Winterkill in the late 2010s killed most of the splake and since that time the sport fishery has declined, and Utah chub numbers have continued to rise (Hadley, 2020). The current low water levels provides an opportunity to treat Navajo Lake at a lower cost than has been done previously. Although a complete eradication of Utah chubs is not anticipated; with proper predator management, Navajo Lake can once again be a popular and highly utilized fishery. The previous treatment, completed in 1997, provided over 20 years of quality fishing opportunities. New species such as tiger musky are now available to managers to use as a rough fish control and we anticipate utilizing tiger musky in the future at Navajo Lake to help control Utah Chub. A new Sportfish Management plan will be developed, prior to treatment, to guide management and restocking of sportfish at Navajo Lake into the future. Although the drought situation in Southern Utah is discouraging, it can provide us with opportunities to improve fisheries, Navajo Lake is one of those situations. Project Area Location and Description All acreages, distances, durations and other quantities in this document are approximations based on measurements, samples, estimates, computer models and professional judgment commonly applied in environmental analyses. Navajo Lake is a small (418 acre) natural lake system fortified by a dike (Map 1). The lake drains out the east side through lava tubes into the Sevier River system through the Deer Valley-Midway Creek subwatershed (6th Field Hydrologic Unit Code 160300010102) and into the headwaters of the Virgin River system via Cascade Falls in the Upper North Fork Virgin River subwatershed (6th field HUC 1501000801030. Navajo Lake is approximately 18 miles southeast of Cedar City, UT. The piscicide treatment will only affect Navajo Lake and its small, limited tributaries (T38S, R9W, Section 12 and T38S, R8W, Sections 7, 8, and 9; Salt Lake City Baseline and Meridian). Map 1. Navajo Lake Location Purpose and Need The purpose of this project is to improve sport fishing in Navajo Lake. In order to accomplish this purpose, it is necessary to remove Utah chub. Utah chubs once again dominate the fishery and are affecting overwinter survival of trout. Recent gill net surveys, conducted in May 2021, had catch rates exceeding 500 chubs per net/night. In recent years, attempts to stock additional predators have failed due to overwinter survival of these fishes. Complete eradication of Utah chubs in Navajo lake has not been successful in previous attempts. In 1997, lake volume was estimated at 4100 ac-ft, requiring approximately 10,500 lbs of powdered rotenone for treatment. Currently (as of 05/24/2021) lake level estimates has the lake at approximately 3,000 ac-ft. We anticipate that this level will continue to decline throughout the summer months and will be at/or close to 2,500 ac-ft by September 2021. Proposal Details The Utah Division of Wildlife Resources proposes to remove all fish from Navajo Lake. The use of piscicides, a chemical substance poisonous to fish, is by far the most feasible and effective method of completely removing nonnative trout for native trout restoration (Golden 2011). DWR’s proposal includes the use of rotenone and potassium permanganate (a rotenone neutralizer) in Navajo Lake on the Cedar City Ranger District. The treatment is proposed to take place early fall 2021. Chemicals. Liquid emulsifiable rotenone (Liquid Rotenone, 5% Active Ingredient, EPA Registration No. 89459-85) and powdered rotenone (Rotenone fish toxicant powder, minimum 5% active ingredient, EPA Registration No. 89459-32) will be used by DWR to treat target waters. Rotenone was selected as the chemical to use because of its effectiveness in controlling fish populations and its lack of long-term effects on the environment. Rotenone is a naturally occurring fish toxicant that, when used at the concentrations planned for the DWR project, is only toxic to fish, some aquatic invertebrates and possibly some juvenile amphibians. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) found it to be not toxic to humans, other mammals and birds at the concentrations used to remove fish. Rotenone formulations for fisheries management have been widely used in the United States since the 1950s. DWR has used rotenone successfully in many similar projects and has refined application techniques to minimize adverse side effects to the environment. If the water year remains poor it is expected that rotenone will naturally decay before it outlets to another water body, as it has during previous Navajo Lake treatments. Natural decay rates for rotenone are dependent on many factors including, freshwater inflow, oxidation rates and temperature; however, it anticipated that rotenone would degrade to levels below those listed for human exposure concerns (< 40 parts per billion). Sentinel fish will be used to determine that this level is reached. If it is not, then rotenone will be neutralized using potassium permanganate at the inflow to Duck Creek pond and at Cascade Falls. Application. Liquid and powdered rotenone will be applied by DWR to target a concentration of up to 2.0 ppm. Thirty-gallon drip stations will be located on the inflows to Navajo Lake. Boats with aspirator pumps will be used to apply powdered chemical to the lake itself. Pressurized backpack sprayers will be used to apply a diluted solution any backwater and seep areas containing fish that were not effectively treated by the drip station. If necessary, rotenone will be neutralized by DWR with potassium permanganate downstream at the inflow to Duck Creek pond and at Cascade Falls. Design Criteria. The following design criteria will be implemented and included in the Forest Service authorizations: 1. The treatment will occur in the fall to minimize impacts on non-target wildlife species (amphibians, insectivorous birds and bats). The fall treatment period will also minimize the impacts on sport fishing recreation. 2. Each treatment will be preceded by internal and external notifications and media releases to notify the public of treatment sites and dates and will include notification of private landowners in the treatment area and news releases in local papers. 3. The treatment area will be placarded to prohibit public access during treatment and for at least 5 days following treatment. 4. Application of the chemical will be conducted by licensed pesticide applicators in accordance with all applicable regulations and policies. 5. Access by motorized vehicles will be on National Forest System roads designated for motorized vehicle use to the extent possible. Any use of motorized vehicles off of designated routes will be minimal and will require written Forest Service approval. 6. Following treatment, treated waters will remain open to fishing. 7. Transport to the site and storage of chemicals on the site will comply with FSH 2109.14.40 (Pesticide-Use Management and Coordination Handbook, Chapter 40 - Storage, Transportation, and Disposal). Estimated Costs Estimated Volume Total Pounds of Estimated Cost Powdered Rotenone Acre-Feet Required 4,100 (1997 treatment level) 10,587 lbs (97 barrels) $64,117.00 3,000 (Current level) 7,750 lbs (70 barrels) $46,270.00 2,500 (Forecasted level) 6,456 lbs (59 barrels) $38,999.00 As can be seen in the table above: the cost saving of completing a treatment this fall could be in excess of $25,000.00 COMMENT Anglers and local residents have been asking the DWR to complete a treatment and restore the fishing at Navajo Lake. However, DWR understands that is may not be representative of the entire publics perspective and therefore we are providing this project proposal to invite public comment. Please submit comments by July 15th, electronic submissions are preferred but not required. For questions and comment submittal please contact: Richard Hepworth Southern Region Aquatics Program Manager 1470 North Airport Road Cedar City, UT 84721 435-865-6100 [email protected] Literature Cited Hadley, M. (2020). Navajo Lake Trend Net survey 2020. Cedar City, UT: Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. United State Department of Agriculture. (1986). Land and Resources Management Plan for the Dixie National Forest. Cedar City, UT: USDA, Forest Service, Dixie National Forest. .
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