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E-Book Krav Maga Homepage.Pub Austrian Krav Maga Association AKMA Version 01 KRAV MAGA Krav Maga Krav Maga bedeutet auf Hebrä- Selbstverteidigung und keine isch „Nahkampf“ bzw. Kampfkunst oder Kampfsport. „Kontaktkampf“ und ist das Das System beruht auf der natür- Selbstverteidigungssystem der lichen "Kampf-oder-Flucht" israelischen Streitkräfte (IDF), Reaktion, die Idee ist, schnell und Polizei und Sicherheitsdienste. aggressiv zu handeln, um sich von einem oder mehreren Angrei- fern zu befreien. Die Basis des Systems bilden natürliche, bei jedem bereits vor- Krav Maga ist auch optimal handene Reflexe. Krav Maga ist für Frauen geeignet! ein einfaches, wirkungsvolles Selbstverteidigungssystem, das auf instinktive Bewegungen (Reflexe), praktische Techniken und wirklichkeitsnahe Trainings- www.akma.at szenarien setzt. Es ist reine Die Geschichte des Krav Maga Krav Maga in seiner Urform in der israelischen Armee (IDF). losen Selbstverteidigungsmetho- wurde von dem 1910 in Budapest Später wie auch heute wird Krav de wird Krav Maga sowohl in den Inhalt (Ungarn) geborenen und in Preß- Maga auch für Polizisten und USA als auch in Europa in zuneh- burg/Bratislava (heute Slowakei) Zivilisten adaptiert. Dazu wurden mendem Maße auch an zivilen Ziele aufgewachsenen Imi Lichtenfeld die Technik und Taktik der ent- Ausbildungsstätten unterrichtet. entwickelt. sprechenden Rechtslage Merkmale (Notwehr) und Verhältnismäßig- keit angepasst. Veränderung Nach seiner Flucht und einer Zeit bei der britischen Armee durfte er Unterschiede 1942 nach Palästina einreisen. Heute findet Krav Maga außer Dort unterrichtete er Nahkampf in beim israelischen Militär in den Bildserie den damals zionistischen Unter- Trainingskonzepten vieler inter- grundorganisationen Haganah nationaler Militär- und Polizei- Links und Palmach. Nach Gründung einheiten Verwendung. Aufgrund des Staates Israel (1948) wurde der Effizienz dieser kompromiss- Lichtenfeld Nahkampfausbilder Austrian Krav Maga Association AKMA Austrian Krav Maga Association AKMA Ziele des Krav Maga im zivilen Bereich Krav Maga wurde in wesentli- tische Elemente und schöne chen Teilen für den zivilen Techniken. Diese müssen nicht Bereich modifiziert und an die erst langwierig eintrainiert wer- Erfordernisse angepasst. Es soll den und sind auch unter extre- Menschen möglichst schnell in men psychischen Druck schnell die Lage zu versetzen, Aggres- abrufbar. Die Reflexe werden sionen jeder Art zu bewältigen. durch direkte, einfache und effiziente Techniken ergänzt. Damit ist eine möglichst Ziel ist nicht der Sieg über schnelle Beendigung der Ag- Krav Maga Law/Enforcement einen Gegner, sondern das gression gewährleistet. Training für Sicherheitskräfte Meistern jeglicher Aggression und das Überleben von extre- men Bedrohungen. Deshalb verzichtet Krav Maga auf artis- Merkmale von Krav Maga Krav Maga vereint Techniken Abläufe eingehalten werden; Im Gegensatz zu anderen Syste- aus den Bereichen Boxen, Aiki- die gelernten Grundbewegun- men gibt es keine festgelegten do, Judo, Ringen, Jiu-Jitsu, gen werden lediglich mit ande- Technikfolgen oder Handlungs- Stock- und Messerkampf sowie ren dynamischen Zügen kombi- szenarien. zahlreiche Techniken aus weni- niert. Diese Improvisationsfrei- Krav Maga Besonderes Gewicht wird beim ger bekannten Kampfsportar- heit erlaubt es, sich der betref- Training auf Schnelligkeit, ten. Das System soll die natürli- fenden Situation schnellstmög- Durchhaltevermögen, physische Israeli Self Defense chen menschlichen Reflexe so lich anzupassen. Neben den und psychische Stärke, Genau- schulen, dass sie in bedrohli- Grundbewegungen lehrt Krav igkeit und Koordination gelegt. chen Situationen jeglicher Art Maga auch Techniken gegen effektiv eingesetzt werden kön- einen oder mehrere bewaffnete nen. Es müssen keine speziellen Angreifer. Die wichtigsten Merkmale des Systems zusammengefasst: 1. Vermeidung von Verletzungen 2. Einbezug natürlicher Reflexe 3. Verkürzte Verteidigungs- und Angriffszeit 4. Konzentration auf die Schwachstellen des menschlichen Körpers 5. Nutzung aller "natürlicher Waffen" des menschlichen Körpers 6. Nutzung aller möglichen Waffen 7. Keine festen Regeln Optimale Schutzausrüstung 8. Anpassung an die Situation (Dunkelheit, körperliche Schwächen usw.) für Szenarientraining! 9. Taktisch richtiges Verhalten Seite 2 www.akma.at Austrian Krav Maga Association AKMA Trainingsinhalte im Krav Maga Taktik und Strategie in der Kleidung, Haare, Hände uvm. tänden zur Selbstverteidigung Selbstverteidigung (auch mit Gegenständen) Verteidigung mit Waffen Deeskalation/Eskalation Verteidigung am Boden Verteidigung gegen mehrere (stehende Angreifer), Boden- Training im Boxen, Kicken, unbewaffnete oder bewaffnete kampf (mit und ohne Waffen) Schutz einer 3. Person Bodenkampf für die Straße Angreifer Verteidigung gegen Angriffe Verteidigung gegen Schläge Verteidigung unter wechseln- mit Stock und stockähnlichen und Tritte den Bedingungen und Örtlich- Gegenständen keiten Spezielle Zielgruppen Verteidigung gegen Stoßen und Verteidigung gegen Mes- Ziehen Einfache Wurftechniken Zugriffs-, Festlege– und Trans- serangriffe und messerähnli- porttechniken Verteidigung gegen Angriffe in chen Gegenständen und Szenarientraining ungünstigen Positionen Messerbedrohung Schutz einer 3. Person Model Mugging Befreiungstechniken gegen Verteidigung gegen Schusswaf- Sparring Krav Maga im Personenschutz Umklammerungen, Würgen, fenbedrohungen Festhalten bzw. Fassen der Gebrauch von Alltagsgegens- Krav Maga - Warum es sich verändert? Ursprünglich wurde Krav Maga vor Jahrzehnten oder gar Jahr- richt ist maßgeblich. Krav Ma- rein für militärische Zwecke hunderten in ihrer Tradition und ga ist und war von Anfang an „Ein realistisches entwickelt und dieses Selbst- Form bestehen, stehen nicht auf ein System, welches auf die Selbstverteidigungssystem verständnis hat es bis heute dem selben Stand wie Systeme, einzelnen Zielgruppen zuge- muss sich ständig noch in Israel. Krav Maga hat die sich der Zeit und den Gege- schnitten werden kann (z.B. anpassen!“ sich von dieser einzigen Ziel- benheiten anpassen müssen. In Frauen, Kinder, Polizei, Pflege- gruppe hin zu verschiedensten der heutigen Zeit sind Gefah- personal, Sicherheitspersonal, Personengruppen entwickelt. rensituationen, Waffen, Gesetze Busfahrer uvm.). Nicht die Insofern liegt der Unterschied und viele andere Rahmenbedin- Menschen müssen sich an das zwischen Krav Maga wie es vor gungen immer wieder anders. System anpassen, sondern das Jahrzehnten entwickelt wurde Fahrzeuge die vor 50 Jahren System an den Menschen. Kei- und Krav Maga heute darin, gebaut wurden, entsprechen ne starren, fix vorgelegten Be- dass wir mit Krav Maga ein heute einfach nicht mehr den wegungsabläufe, sondern an für zeitgemäßes den westlichen heutigen Sicherheitsstandards. den Einzelnen individuelle Gegebenheiten angepasstes So muss auch ein Selbstvertei- Verteidigungsmethoden sind Selbstverteidigungssystem für digungssystem wie Krav Maga ausschlaggebend. Darum unter- Jedermann und -frau haben. sich laufend weiterentwickeln scheidet sich Krav Maga nicht und sich immer wieder verän- nur in vielen Einzelheiten son- dern, um den Anspruch auf dern auch im Ganzen von ande- Vieles entwickelt sich im Lau- Realitätsnähe und Praxisbezo- ren Systemen. fe der Zeit weiter, so auch Krav genheit erheben zu können. Maga. Da Krav Maga kein Aber nicht nur Technik und traditionelles System ist, muss Taktik muss sich anpassen, es sich auch weiterentwickeln. auch Trainingsmethodik und Verteidigung gegen mehrere Starre Systeme, die noch so wie zielgruppenorientierter Unter- Angreifer Seite 3 www.akma.at Austrian Krav Maga Association AKMA Kampfsport – Kampfkunst - Selbstverteidigung Krav Maga ist kein Kampfsport der Kampfprinzipien gelegt. durch Stärke zu demonstrieren. und keine Kampfkunst, sondern Dazu gehört auch eine besonde- Krav Maga ist ein absolut zeit- rein zweckorientierte Selbstver- re psychische Situationsschu- gemäßes und realistisches teidigung mit dem Ziel, mit lung. Gelehrt werden bestimmte Kampfsystem. Das heißt, es minimalem Aufwand und re- Abwehr-, Box-, Tritt-, Ellenbo- werden alle Distanzen gelehrt. flexartig anzuwendenden einfa- gen- und Knietechniken, Auch das Umsetzungspotential chen Techniken einen maxima- Schock- und Hebeltechniken der Techniken wird so realis- len Erfolg zu erreichen. sowie effektive Bodenkampf- tisch wie möglich geschult techniken. Bei Krav Maga unter Berücksichtigung der kommt es nicht auf die Schön- psychischen Stressfaktoren, Schießtraining in Israel! Das Krav Maga Selbstverteidi- heit der Bewegung an, es zählt welche bei einem Angriff ent- gungssystem ist ein progressi- lediglich die Effektivität. Das stehen. Es ist ein ideales und ves Kampfsystem für die Ver- System trainiert möglichst rea- der westlichen Mentalität ange- teidigung auf der Straße. Es ist litätsnahe Selbstverteidigungs- passtes Selbstverteidigungssys- ein absolut radikales, direktes, situationen. Der Realitätsgedan- tem und somit bestens auch für zweckgebundenes und äußerst ke wird durch Nachstellen von den zivilen Bereich geeignet. effektives Verteidigungspro- tatsächlich stattfindenden Situa- gramm mit ultimativen, einfa- tionen vermittelt. Ebenso wird chen, in kurzer Zeit zu erlernen- die verbale Situationsbewälti- den Straßenverteidigungstech- gung trainiert, denn viele Situa- niken. Neben den Techniken tionen lassen sich ohne Gewalt wird größter Wert auf die Ver- lösen. Es ist oft angebracht innerlichung und Umsetzung Schwäche zu zeigen und da- KRAV MAGA Szenarientraining mit Schutzanzug! Seite 4 www.akma.at Austrian
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