Special Libraries, December 1967

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Special Libraries, 1967 Special Libraries, 1960s

12-1-1967

Special Libraries, December 1967

Special Libraries Association

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u. Id speciar! libraries HUNGER.. . INANITION. . . MARASMUS . . . whatever word you use, the problem is urgent. . .

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SPECIAL LIBRARIES is published by Special Libraries Association, monthly September to April, bimonthly May to August, at 73 Main Street, Brattleboro, Vermont 05301. Editorial Offices: 335 Park Avenue South, New York, New York 10003. Second class postage paid at Brattleboro, Vermont.

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Cost Characteristics of Library Service Masse Bloomfield The Validity of Comparative Technical Library Statistics Margaret N. Sloane Improving the Validity of Comparative Technical Library Statistics J. W. Anderson The Place of Standards in the New Technology of Information Science Jerrold Orne The Association of Jewish Libraries Joseph Yenish

Information Department in the Center for Library Science and Methodology, Budapest Ingetraut Dahlberg Naval Research Laboratory Library Celebrates Forty Years of Service LaVera A. Morgan Second IATUL Seminar Held in Delft Margit Kraft

Special Libraries Association Proposed Increase in Dues 685 Elizabeth R. Usher

Welcome to SLA 713

Features

Have You Heard 724

Off the Press 728

Editor: GUY R. BELL Assistant Editor: ELAINEC. HARRIS Special Libraries Committee Chairman: IRVINGM. KLEMPNER,State University of New York at Albany CHARLOTTEM. MADISON,Curtiss-Wright Corporation MRS.ANNE J. RICHTER,R. R. Bowker Company Papers published in SPECIAL LIBRARIES express the views of the authors and do not represent the opinion or the golicy of the editorial stat7 or the ptblisher. Manuscripts submitted for publication must be typed double s&zce on only one side of paper and mailed to the editor. Authors may order rewints immediately before 07 after publication. Subscriptions: U. S. $20.00; foreign, $21.50; single copies, $2. 0 Annual author-title-subject index published with December issue. @ 1967 by Special Libraries Association. INDEXED in Business Periodicals Index, Documentation Abstracts, Historical Abstracts, Hospital Literature In- dex, Librasy Literature, Library Science Abstracts, Management Index and Public Affairs Information Service. SPECIALLIBRARIE~ Assoc~rr~o~ President MRS. ELIZABETHR. USHER Art Reference Library, Metropolitan Museum of Art Fifth Avenue and 82nd Street, New York 10028 President-Elect HERBERTS. WHITE Documentation, Inc., NASA Facility P. 0.Box 33, College Park, Maryland 20740 Advisory Council Chairman CHARLESH. STEVENS Project Intrex, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Mass. 02139 - Advisory Council Chairman-Elect MRS.CHARLOTTE S. MITCHELL Library, Miles Laboratories, Inc. Elkhart, Indiana 465 14 Treasurer JEANDEUSS Research Library, Federal Reserve Bank of New York Federal Reserve P. 0. Station, New York 10045 Past-President DR. F. E. MCKENNA 148 West 10th Street New York 10014 Directors MRS.THEODORA A. ANDREWS Pharmacy Library, Purdue University Secretary Lafayette, Indiana 47907 MRS.GLORIA M. EVANS Production and Engineering Library Parke, Davis & Company, Detroit, Michigan 48232 CHARLOTTEGEORGI Graduate School of Business Administration Library University of California, Los Angeles, Calif. 90024 EFRENW. GONZALEZ Scientific Division, Bristol-Myers Products 225 Long Avenue, Hillside, New Jersey 07207 PHOEBEF. HAYES Bibliographical Center for Research 1357 Broadway, Denver, Colorado 80203 RUTHNIELANDER Kemper Insurance 4750 North Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60640 Executive Director GEORGEH. GINADER Special Libraries Association 235 Park Avenue South, New York 10003 Membership Dues: Sustaining: $100; Active: $20; Active Paid for Life: $250; Associate: $20; Affiliate: $15; Student: $2; Emeritus: $5. For qualifications, privileges, and further information, write Special Libraries Association. SLA Translations Center John Crerar Library, 35 West 33rd Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616 Annual Conference The 59th Annual Conference will he held at the Statler-Hilton Hotel, Los Angeles, California, June 2-7, 1968. Illuminate the "twilight zone" of serial literature with IRREGULAR SERIALS AND ANNUALS An International Directory Here-for the first time in one convenient form-is bibliographic and buying information on those serials which constitute the "twilight zone" between books and periodicals. IRREGULAR SERIALS AND ANNUALS brings you data on 14,500 current publications (those whose last issue is later than January 1, 1960) issued irregularly or less frequently than twice a year, including yearbooks, annuals, conference proceedings, advances, progresses, etc. Now you can locate and catalog these previously hard-to-find publications.. . This new international directory, companion to Ulrich's INTERNA- TIONAL PERIODICALS DIRECTORY and following the same format, is subject-arranged and fully cross-referenced. Listings give title, subtitle or annota- tion, languages of text, year first published, frequency (if scheduled), date of latest issue (if irregular), price, name and address of issuing body, editor's name and Dewey number(s) for more extensive subject classification. Titles have been entered according to the standard cataloging rules with cross-references where applicable in order to present a bibliographic as well as a buying reference tool. Edited by Emery Koltay. Cloth. 696 pages. Postpaid price: $25.25 net in the U.S. and Canada; $27.75 elsewhere. In New York please add applicable sales tax. Available now. Order your copies today! -R. R. BOWKER COMPANY 1180 Avenue of the Americas, New York 10036 Publishers to the Book World Since 1872 SCIENTECH SCIENTIFIC & )) TECHNICAL TRA NSLA TIONS

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Proposed Increase in Dues

UR SPECIALLIBRARIES ASSOCIATION must make a number of adjustments 0 which have direct effect on our financial picture. In September our Headquar- ters moved to a new, improved, attractive location. While we feel that this change is to the best interest of the Association, we must face the fact that the increase in rental is considerable. Important, too, among the innovations from which we are deriving benefits and for which we must pay are a retirement program, hospitalization, and major medical coverage for our Headquarters staff. In addition, we can well be proud of our new Pay Plan for the staff. The salary ranges now make it possible for SLA to attract experienced and well-qualified personnel who will be able to give to the membership the improved service which is their just due. In May your Board of Directors voted to accept the recommendation of the Finance Committee to increase the dues for the Special Libraries Association to $30.00 per year for Active, Associate, and Affiliate members, and to $500.00 for Life Memberships and $5.00 for Student members, to be effective in January 1969. On May 29 the Advisory Council passed the resolution to support this Board action by requesting favorable membership action from the Divisions and Chapters at the Los Angeles Conference. Several SLA officers and Committee Chairmen will, in the next few months, write informative articles on the need for a dues increase. Your President hopes that all members will read these articles carefully and will not hesitate to ask any questions. It is only with the cooperation of the entire membership that the Spe- cial Libraries Association can continue to be the strong professional organization for all special librarians and information specialists. MRS.ELIZABETH R. USHER Pfesident A survey was taken during 1966 of nine aerospace libraries gathering data on four characteristics of their operation. These four characteristics are: I) circulation; 2) library staff; 3) patrons served; and 4) library space. The total operating costs of each aerospace library were estimated by using a fixed dollar . amount spent per library staff member. Ratios were then taken of the five variables. The most important ratio is that of the cost per circulated item. - For aerospace libraries, this figure averages about $5.00 per circulated item. Comparing the same techniques for several public libraries, it was found that * public libraries spend about $0.62 to circulate one book.

Cost Characteristics of Library Service 1 MASSE BLOOMFIELD

SURVEY WAS undertaken in the latter part sole~rovidesadditional data for compari- A of 1966 to compare four characteristics son. However, none of these studies gives of aerospace libraries with Hughes Aircraft total dollar expenditures which can be re- Company libraries. This survey has produced lated to other library activities. relationships of library activities which may The data from Gibson, Sharp, and Bed- be of value to other libraries. The study also sole appear in Table 1. These three studies was expanded to include selected data con- give figures for total library staff, for library cerning public libraries. patrons, and for total library square feet. A dollar value was determined for the cost Thus, using thzse figures, it is possible to of circulating one item in aerospace libraries determine the relationships of the number of and in public libraries. The literature on cost patrons per library staff member, the library studies tends to show the cost of technical area per patron, and the library area per li- processes. In no previous study of aerospace brary staff member. These are the only rela- or special libraries were dollar figures found tionships that can be found using the earlier which could be compared to those found in data which can be related to the ones found this study using circulation as a base. in the present survey. Gibson and Sharp give only partial dollar costs. Because the three Earlier Studies of Special Library Data earlier studies do not contain either circulation data or tctal costs, they cannot be com- In previous studies of special libraries, pared fully with the data obtained in this such as Gibson1 and Sharp2 performed in study. The one earlier study which comes the late nineteen-fifties, there are ratios which can be related to this survey of aerospace li- closest to the figures generated by this study are those found by Bedsole3 for libraries braries. Also, the survey performed by Bed- having a staff of over fifteen people. Bedsole studied special libraries by industry, includ- MI. Bloomfield is sr~per- ing the aircraft and missile industry, but uisor of the Cr~lvevCity these data do nct compare well with the data Libvnry, Sevvices Divi- of this study. However, Bedsole's data, when b ion, Hzlghes Aivcvaft analyzed by the size of the library, does com- Cowzpaq, Czduer City, pare somewhat with some of the ratios found Califov?zia. His paper was in this study. origiizall) ptzreuted at the 58th A?znunl Cowvention of the Specid Libvnries Associatiou, iMay 3 I, Survey of Aerospace Libraries 1967, New York City, to the Joint Sessio?~ Nine aerospace libraries were surveyed for of the I?zr.vtfame, Metalr/Mnte~ials, Petro- five characteristics. Four of these character- lez~m,Science-Technology, n?zd Tvnmpovta- istics are: I) circulation ; 2) library staff; 3) tio~Dj13ision r. patrons served; and 4) library space. The Table 1. Data from Earlier Studies

Number on library staff Number of square feet in library Number of patrons Number of patrons per library staff member Library square feet per library staff member Library square feet per patron

fifth characteristic is total dollar costs, which industry. The library areas as defined in this was estimaated by assuming each library staff paper include that space which the head li- _ member spent an average of $10,000 per brarian controls and again may or may not year. be entirely devoted to identical functions at It is of some importance that the way in each libraiv surveved. which the data for these characteristics were Libraries of nine aerospace companies were gathered be explained. First, the circulation surveyed. These libraries are all independent, statistics were requested in terms of books altho&h they may or may not have branches. circulated, government reports circulated, For those having branches, the additional and the number of reprints reproduced. By figures for people, space, circulation, and asking for circulation statistics in a three- patrons were included in the total for the part question to the libraries being surveyed, central library. Table 2 shows the various it was felt that the libraries would respond statistical aspects of aerospace library opera- with figures that would be more consistent tion. The high, low, median, and average are with the other libraries than if the tctal cir- given, which should identify the range and culation figure was requested. The library the central tendencies of the data. The data staff members were identified as those people in Table 2 are presented much in the same who report to the head librarian and perform fashion as was used by Gibson and Sharp in library functions. It should be pointed out their studies. The relationships involving cir- that services rendered by libraries vary from culation are considered to be the most im- library to library. For example, some libraries portant of the data shown. The number of provide translators on their staff and others ;irculations per library staff member, the do not. The library with a staff of two most number of circulations per patron served, certainly could not support a translator on its and the estimated cost per circulation all staff. Bedsole points this out very clrarly in point to figures that have- central tendencies his appendix. The number of patrons served and that can be used as indicative characteris- represents not only the salaried research and tics of aerospace libraries. The dollar figure development personnzl but also the salaried shown is m'ant to include all operatingex- engineering personnel, the salaried manage- pense, that is, book budgets, maintenance, ment and the salaried administrative person- salaries, lights, materials, and such. It should nel. The reason for including th:se classes of not include capital items such as the cost of salaried employees was to try to get as reli- the building or major purchases such as a full able a picture as possible of the number of catalcg range. The dollar figures shown in potential library users within the aerospace Table 2 had to be estimated. It was not ex- ~ectednor was it reauested that the aero- set of statistics, is minor. Thus, using this space libraries provide exact dollar amounts technique, the square feet per patron shown of their total expenditures. Budget informa- in the mean column is not the average of . tion of this nature is normally company- .- pri- nine values, but is the average number of ~atein the aerospace industry. However, two square feet of floor space (10,103) divided figures for actual expenditures were available by the average number of patrons served - and they closely approximated the estimate (4,006). It is felt that, by using average of $10,000 a year per library employee. Be- numbers for the ratios, the ratios would more cause the aerospace libraries have large gov- closely represent a better figure of centrat ernment report collections, the expenditures tendency. It should be noted that the median for aerospace libraries may only be valid for and mean are extremely close together for aerospace libraries, and may not be valid for all the characteristics shown in Table 2. those s~eciallibraries which do not have extensive report collections. Public Library Statistics The most important figure shown in Table A comprehensive survey was taken by 2 is the estimated cost per circulated item. Dean Boaz4 of the University of Southern This figure, which comes from two other fig- California for public libraries in a four . ures, which may not be too well standard- county area close by and including Los An- ized, does show a central tendency at the geles. Her survey shows that the cost per - average cost of about $5.00 per circulated book circulated by the public libraries cov- item. ered was about $0.55 in 1964. This is a All the figures shown in the mean column factor of ten less than found for the aero- are given to show the greatest central tend- space libraries. - ency. This is to say that the four numbers The figures given in table 3 are from the for circulation, patrons served, library staff Boaz survey. The first column gives the totals members and space are averages of the four for all the libraries in the survey. Six separate prime characteristics and are not averages of libraries in the survey are shown in the suc- the nine libraries. The difference, using either ceeding columns. These six libraries were

Table 2. Comparison of Selected Aerospace Libraries Low Circulation per month 600 Patrons served 250 Library staff 2 Square feet of floor space 2,575 Square feet of floor space per patron 1.2 Square feet of floor space per library staff member 220 Patrons per library staff member 13 Monthly circulation per library staff member 89 Monthly circulation per patron served 0.45 Total monthly dollars (estimated at $10,000.~erlibrary staff member per year) $40,833 $2,500 $28,333 $25,833 Estimated cost per circulation $9.35 $2.92 $5.50 $5.06 688 SPECIALLIBRARIES chosen primarily to show the effect of size on the sampling, the cost data do indicate a cen- the cost per book circulated. Thus, library 42, tral tendency. which had the lowest circulation of any of In a public library, circulation is by far a the six libraries (60,725), also had the low- more important function than in a special li- est cost per circulated book ($0.40) of the brary. One of the assumptions made for the six individual libraries analyzed. A medium- aerospace libraries is that their circulation sized library with a yearly circulation of 513,- statistics are compiled in an identical manner. 534 books a year had the highest cost per This is not true. For public libraries, book circulated book ($0.69). The two large li- circulation is compiled statistically with more braries shown in Table 3 were both very close evenness than in aerospace libraries. The ma- to the average obtained for all the libraries jor reason for most public library collections - surveyed. The data shown in Table 3 point to is to have books taken out of the library and the fact that size does not seem to have any read. The special library's collection may effect on the cost per circulated book in a take on the characteristics of a reference col- public library. These figures do seem to in- lection in many instances. However, the one dicate that there are greater possibilities for basic measure which provides some common both efficiency and inefficiency to show up base for all public libraries and all special li- markedly in the smaller library systems, braries is circulation. Circulation should be whereas, in the larger systems, the public li- an index to the amount of use a library col-

. brary services seem so uniform that their lection receives. costs per circulated book fall very close to Once this assumption is accepted, then the the cost found for the average of all the li- statistics compiled by one library should have braries in the survey. some relationship to every other library of a Unit cost per circulation has been used in similar nature. The statistics for circulation conjunction with public libraries. Wheeler can be related to the amount of money it and Goldhors in their book, Practical Ad- takes to circulate one item. Thus, in the data ministt,ation of Public Libraries, mention the collected by Dean Boaz, the average Southern use of this ratio. However, these authors did California public library spent approximately not use this ratio as a standard to compare $0.55 for each circulation in 1964-1965. The the activity of public libraries. Dean Boaz average aerospace library spent approximately does not mention this ratio in her survey. $5.00 for each circulation in 1966. The other Public libraries generally use per capita ratios ratios that appear in this paper can be used to define their characteristics. for guidelines, but they are not nearly as indicative of the relative performance of a library as is the dollar amount for a circulated Costs per Professional/Technical Employee item. It is especially important that only sim- In 1958, Knox6 reported that about $500 ilar libraries be compared to similar libraries. a year was being spent by chemical com- The aerospace library cannot be compared panies in support of library services per pro- reasonably with the public library. The way fessional/technical employee. When the cost the two are organized and their missions are figures assumed in this study were divided so different that the cost per circulated item by the number of patrons served, these re- cannot be compared reasonably. The addi- sults averaged $160 per patron served. The tional clerical routines needed to safeguard high for this measure was $780 and the low items classified for security reasons cannot was $38. The probable reason for the wide but help add to the cost of the aerospace li- variation in the aerospace industry is that braries. research personnel are difficult to define. In making any comparisons of the data found in this survey with that found by Gibson and Sharp, the greatest difference is Discussion found in the number of people on the library The data shown in this article are at best staffs. Gibson and Sharp found the average indicative. The number of samples taken has number of people on a library staff of a spe- been small for the data supporting the aero- cial library to be close to six. This survey has space libraries. Despite the limitations of the average at thirty-one people, or about Table 3. Cost per Circulated Book Using Data from a Public Library Survey

TOTALFOR ALL LIBRARY LIBRARIESSURVEYED 01

Book circulation 45,658,749 477,936

Registered borrowers 2,627,838 n/a

Library staff 3,248 35.2

Monthly book circulation per library staff member

Monthly book circulation per registered borrower

Operating costs

Cost per circulated book

Cost per library staff member n/n = Not a~ailablr five times as many as Gibson and Sharp. 1900 and rising to $0.276 in 1946. Using Also, the number of patrons served is far data for all California libraries,s the figure greater in this study, by almost a factor of for the cost per item circulated grew from ten. Gibson and Sharp show the average $0.375 in 1953-54 to $0.62 in 1965-66. The number of patrons to be between 250 and figues from 1900 to 1966 follow gmerally 350, and in this study it is 5,000. The data the same pattern as does the cost of living. from Bedsole for special libraries having This indicates that this factor of library serv- over fifteen persons on the library staff, as ices has some stability. shown on Table 1, approximates the data Another figure which may have value is found for aerospace libraries. Bedsole also total costs per library staff member. For the separated his data by aircraft and missile in- aerospace industry, this cost was estimated at dustry, but these figures were for libraries $10,000 per year. For public libraries, this much smaller than the ones reported here. In cost averaged $7,685 in 1964-65 in the Boaz the relationships that Bedsole developed, size study. This figure may be useful when setting does seem to have some determination on current budgets for libraries. such relationships as patrons per library staff It is possible to use the cost per circulated member and library area per library staff item as a characteristic of classes of libraries. member. Because this study was restricted to nine aero- The figure Knox found for financial sup- space libraries, the cost figures are given as port per patron is far greater than that found indicative. in this study. This may be due to the defini- Yet, using these admittedly indicative fig- tion of which employees should be included ures, it is possible to conclude that, if an as patrons. In the aerospace industries, it is aerospace library is spending more than extremely difficult to separate engineers from $5.00 per circulated item (or $0.62 for a research scientists. Whereas, in the chemical public library), that library should conduct industry, the production personnel are easily an analysis to see if its charges are indeed defined and differentiated from the research too high. scientists. Knox surveyed the chemical industry where the research departments are sepa- References rated easily from the engineering and pro- 1. GIBSON,E. B. What Can Be Learned From a duction staffs. The figure Knox found in Library Survey ? Special Libraries, 48, 133-138, 1957. 1959 was $500. The figure found in this 2. SHARP,H. S. A Survey of Electronics Libraries. study was $160. Special Libraries, 49, 157-160,1958. A word of caution should be added when 3. BEDSOLE,D. T. Library Systems in Large In- using the figure shown in this study or any dustrial Corporations. Ann Arbor, Mich., 1961 other study where dollar figures are given. (University of Michigan PH.D.dissertation). 4. BOAZ, M. Strength Through Cooperation in These values must be related to the cost of Southern California Libraries: A Survey. Los living index so that equal dollars can be de- Angeles, 1965. termined. Thus, the $500 that Knox found 5. WHEELER,J. L., and GOLDHOR,H. Practical Ad- in 1959 should have grown considerably in ministration of Public Libraries. New York, Har- the last seven years. If his values had really per and Row, 1962, p. 415-6. 6. KNOX,W. T. et. al. Administration of Technical been comparable, extrapolation from some Information Grocps. Industrial and Engineering index of that year to this would have had to Cherni.rtry, 51, 481%-61A, 1959. have been made. 7. KAISER,W. K. Statistical Trends of Large Public The cost per circulation for public libraries Libraries, 1900-1946.Library Quarterly, 18, 275- has increased steadily along with the cost of 281, 1948. 8. Data taken from various statistical issues of living. The cost per item circulated has been the News Notes of California Libraries, 54-62, calculated by Kaiser7 as being $0.124 in 1959-1967. The basic element which makes comparative library statistics non-valid is inherent in the services offered and the procedures which are followed to effect these services. Disagreement is expressed with Mr. Bloomfield's method of obtaining his statistics, as well as his analysis of them. The conclusion is drawn that perhaps comparative statistics are not the solution; rather, man-

agement should be educated to the fact that each library is unique and statis- . tical conlparison should not be attempted. The Validity of Comparative Technical Library statistics MARGARET N. SLOANE

ONCERNING the validity of comparative tive statistics. I should like to know how C technical library statistics, I should like they have avoided this particular exercise to make my point in the following manner. with management. I call it an "exercise." Should someone ask me, "How is your li- There is a two-drawer file cabinet in my brary?", I would answer, "In comparison office full of exercises labeled "What would with what ?" happen if . . . ?" In comparison with what? That is just "What would happen if we have to cut about what it comes down to when we try to $lo,ooo out of the book budget?" compare one library statistically with another. "What would happen if we have to cut I say that the basic element which makes the library staff by three people ?" comparative statistics non-valid is inherent "What would happen if we don't get the in the services offered and the procedures additional three thousand square feet of which are followed to effect these services. space for the library ?" I would say that in the survey made by As a matter of fact, I have collected such Mr. Bloomfield, among all nine libraries an excellent file of this kind of exercises there is only one factor they have in common over the years that my boss thinks I am a in the circulation procedures: that is the fac- whizz-my response time is always better tor that relates to the records kept of mate- than his other managers. In most instances, rials which leave the library. my response time is dependent upon how I shall not spend time considering whether long it takes my secretary to look through or not we need statistics, and why we need the file drawers, pick out the exercise which them, because if there are technical librarians is applicable to the crisis in effect at the mo- who hare never been called on for compara- ment, and change the date to make it current. Of course, if the exercise is several years Mrs. Sloam is presently old, it wiII involve changing some of the Ijzf ormation Services statistics-and this means retyping the whole iManager at the Ford .- - Foz~ndation, New York. thing; so my response time is a little longer. 1 At the time her article And then., too., have learned a lot over the was written she zuas nzan- years in how to make statistics appeal to ager of TRW Systems management. Techf~icalInf ormation Whereas five years ago I might have said Center, Redondo Beach, ~alifornia.Her pa- "approximately two hundred items are cir- per was first presented at the Joint Session culated a day," I would never say that now; of the Insurance, Metals/Materials Petro- never cite round figures-they carry an aura leton., Science-Technology, and Tvansportation of having been gathered off the top of your Division duving the 38th SLA Convention, head. Today, I would say--quite positively- hlay 31, 1967. "We circulate 198.7 items daily." And there is another important bit of the whole library staff? And why be con- lingo which is very impressive if you are cerned with the entire space allocated to the talking to the budget people-especially the library? And, for the life of me, neither I- capital budget people. Never, never say, nor our Industrial Engineers at TRW with "The Microsystem Page Printer we need whom I talked-can understand how the costs six thousand nine hundred and seventy number of potential patrons should have any - dollars and forty three cents." Instead, just bearing on the cost of circulating an item. toss out, "Oh, the MPP we're going to pur- After studying Mr. Bloomfield's paper, I chase costs between six and seven K . . . a arrived at a formula which gives me a much little under seven K." different figure for the cost of each item cir- These exercises I have done cover all areas culated. of the information department. One of the I took the total of actual salaries of the most difficult is concerned with justifying eight people involved in circulation of all additional information s~ecialistsor litera- materials-books, periodicals, newspapers, ture researcher specialists. Have you ever technical documents (including secret docu- tried this one? About the only way we can ments). These eight people include the li- do it is to equate the salary of one-engineer brary group head in charge of the area. I _ or scientist against that of the information added the standard RPE (Related Payroll specialist or researcher. The salary equation Expense) percentage. I burdened the salary includes, of course, the time it would take figures with space occupied by the circula- an engineer or scientist to do the work versus tion area, communication charges for that the time our trained information Derson area, salary of chief librarian, my salary, my would need to accomplish the same thing. boss's salary, et a1.-all the elements which This is a tough one, but the figures we come go into a true burdened rate at TRW. I took up with are perhaps the most valid of any this final figure and divided it by the num- of the figures connected with my exercises. ber of items circulated for a month, and came My point is: HOWmuch simpler it would up with a quite different figure-in the area be if we had valid comparative statistics at of one dollar per item, as against Mr. Bloom- our fingertips. Not only could I throw away field's figure of five dollars. I must point out my collection of exercises, but I would be that I assume the method of burdening dif- able to give my management a picture of fers from company to company. what goes on in comparable libraries. I must take strong exception to Mr. Bloom- Mr. Bloomfield's survey is excellent. But field's statement that circulation should be I say his statistics are not valid-in a com- an index to the amount of use a library col- parative sense. And why are they not? lection receives. Also, he says that no matter First, I wonder why he picked the circula- how much money is being spent by a library, tion function? In a discussion with him re- or whatever services it provides, circulation garding his survey, he indicated that he felt statistics are going to be the final criteria of that the standard cost Der circulated item is its usefulness. This, he continues, is espe- useful as a measure of efficiency for a library cially true of a public library. I cannot un- -and of course I take exception to that derstand why he has seen fit to make a com- statement also. Of the nine libraries surveyed, parison with a public library. But, to repeat I am sure that the circulation function is the his view that "circulation statistics are going one function which has the least conformitv to be the final criteria of a library's useful- in procedures. ness." This might appear to be true, except And what does his cost of $5 per item for one thing-the reasons behhd the fluc- prove? That we should not circulate mate- tuation from month to month of statistics rials? Or that our procedures result in ineffi- which reflect items circulated. ciency? I will show you later how a drop in A case in point: In our library at TRW circulation and an increase in circulation in one might have noted at one specific month our library were caused by factors which, in last year that in comparison with the pre- reality, reflected an ilzcrease in efficiency. vious month, the circulation of technical I disagree with the formula he used for journals dropped by about 75 per cent- obtaining his figure. Why be concerned with pardon me, no round figures-by exactly 74.5 Fh. Consternation ? Service bad ? No one maintained or is an automated system used? used the journals ? Librarians unpleasant ? If automated-how? Simple key punched Cause for alarm? By looking at the compara- cards or a more sophisticated system? tive statistics alone, I would say, "Yes . . . 6. Are all circulating materials in open there is cause for alarm," except-why did stacks? Or must the staff utilize materials in the circulation figure of journals drop by this closed stacks in serving the patrons who percentage? Because we began Xeroxing in- come into the library ? house copies of the articles requested instead 7. Does the time spent in retrieving mate- of circulating the journals to our patrons and rials to fill requests enter into the statistics? forcing them to Xerox the articles they 8. Are micrographic techniques utilized? wanted. It was as simple as that. reader-printers? printers? If so, does circula- In another instance our circulation of se- tion maintain this collection and serve the cret documents increased markedly. Better patrons and act as the point responsible for service? Patrons more aware of our hold- the maintenance of the equipment ? ings? Librarians more pleasant? Not at all! 9. Is in-house photocopying service avail- Our security department ordered our patrons, able? If so, does circulation accomplish this who were pack rats and were building up reproduction ? their own libraries of secret documents, to 10. Is interlibrary loan service used? Are destroy their copies and utilize the circulat~ng pkotocopies of articles obtained from outside copies in the library. And they did-and the sources for journals not held in the Library? reson for our increase in circulation figures 11. Is reference service offered? Quick of secret documents was as simple as that. reference, or involved searches? Are the in- I have given these two examples to help volved searches referred to a literature re- lead you to the realization that what I said search group which is part of the informa- in the beginning holds true: the basic ele- tion center, or does circulation arrange for an ment which makes comparative statistics non- outside agency to accomplish the search? talid is inherent in the services offered and 12. If materials rn circulation are needed by the procedures which are followed to effect other patrons, does the circulation area recall these services. it, or is the requester told to whom the mate- But if-and 1 say if-we do need com- rials are charged and that he may get it from parative statistics which are valid, let us look the person to whom it is charged ? at some of these procedures and pose some questions which would have to be answered Acquisitions and considered if we are to have valid com- 1. Does the acquisitions department initiate, parative statistics. order, receive, and pay? Or does the company purchasmg department order and pay- and the company receiving department re- 1. Of what is the collection composed? ceive-leaving only selection of materials Books, journals, pamphlets, newspapers, en- an[ initiation of the orders to the library? gineering data such as specs/standards/draw- 2. Does this department order all library ings/T.O.s, et al. ; suppliers' catalogs ? materials for the company personnel as well 2. Do all items circulate? Or, are certain as for the library? materials such as specs/standards distributed 3. Are the records automated? If so, to what only? Do the reference materials c~rculate? extent ? If microfiche or microfilm is part of the 4. What records are kept? On order-closed collection, does this circulate ? orders-and monies expended ? 3. Are the materials recalled on a rigid date- 5. How much bibliographic checking is done due basis ? Or may the patron keep the mate- before placing an order with a supplier? rials, havmg them recalled only when needed 6. Is classified material ordered? If so, this by another patron ? slows down the ordering and can affect the 4. What circulation files are kept and how number of documents ordered in contrast to are they arranged? By call number, date due, a library which shows large numbers of docu- borrower's name ? ments ordered, with no reference to the clas- 5. Are the circulation records manually sification of the documents. 7. Is acquisitions responsible for establish- Other Services ing Field of Interest Registers (FOIR) with 1. Does library include services of a litera- DDC, NASA, AEC, et al. ? ture research group ? Or documentation serv- 8. What reporting is required by company ices ? accounting department of monies expended? 2. If so, what extra work load does this im- 9. Does acquisitions route periodicals? HOW pose on acquisitions and cataloging? For ex- much processing is done on incoming pe- ample: If the research group offers selective riodicals ? dissemination of information, this will im- 10. Are journal subscriptions handled by a pose an added load on acquiring informat~on \-endor who is responsible for automatic re- in esoteric subject areas not required by gen- newal, or does acquisitions have the respon- eral patron usage of the circulating library sibility for individual subscription renewals? collection. Especially is this true in the area of certain foreign publications required by Cataloging company marketing and long-range planning. 1. Are all materials classified, using stand- 3. Are there satellite libraries and other off- ard classification tables? Or are accession site company division libraries for whom the central library is responsible for certain func- numbers only used? Are journals shelved by tions, such as the payment of invoices for title ? materials which are purchased by the satel- 2. To what depth is classification carried? lite libraries maintained by these divisions ? Cutter number, work mark? 3. If LC cards are ordered, is the LC classi- Conclusions fication number on the card used or does the Now, I have stated that the non-validity cataloger adjust this to ensure compatibility of comparative statistics is inherent in the with the existing collection ? services offered and the procedures whlch are 4. What depth is used in the subject catalog- followed to effect these services. ing? What files are maintained for patron I also said that we need valid comparative use ? statistics if we are to be able to justify certain 5. If card catalog is maintained, in what things as competitive in industry. form? Divided catalog? Are book catalog It is not difficult to obtain comparative and and documents catalog compatible in subject competitive salary information. We can get coverage ? this from the Placement Service at SLA 6. How much processing is given unclassi- Headquarters. But even so, we do not know fied documents received on automatic distri- the intimate workings of the libraries or the bution through such channels as AEC, MIT, companies which list these job openings and et al. ? quote the salary ranges. 7. How much processing is given unclassi- So, I am thinking that maybe what we fied documents obtained From DDC, NASA, need to utililize is a buzzphrase generator in- et al. ? Documents which can be reordered as stead of statistics. We have three columns of required ? words, with a number in front of each word 8. Is microfiche utilized? If so, what index- (see next page). ing is done to reflect these holdings and en- Let us think of any three-digit number at random, then select the corresponding buzz- sure their complete utilization ? word from each column. Put them together 9. Are hard copies maintained of those mate- and you come up with something that sounds rials for which microfiche is also held? If so, as though you know what you're talking are thes: hard copies cataloged ? about. 10. What records are maintained in the cata- For instance, let us take 414-functional log department ? Shelf list, subject heading organizational parameter-pretty good! That authority, main entry authority, thesaurus of sounds applicable to a budget reduction exer- descriptors ? cise. Now, how about something to back up 11. What automation is in effect? Book a request for additional staff? Let us try 362 catalogs printed? If so, in what form? By -parallel transitional capability-perfect! subject, by main entry, by call number? Now, what about justification for your annual forecast for growth? Books, docu- So, how do we get valid comparative sta- ments, space, staff. Obviously you are going tistics? Maybe we do not need them; maybe to need a 277 combined with a 556 for this we are approaching this incorrectly. Since one-systematized incremental projection, we seem to agree that our libraries are diffi- combined with responsive logistical time cult to compare, maybe we should begin by phase-you can't beat that! educating our management to the fact that The important thing is that the buzzphrase these comparative statistics they ask us to - generator provides the user with the perfect find are not a true picture, due to the lack of aid for preparing material on any subject. conformity of service and procedures. Automatically you have a thousand different Let us show them how we differ-how combinations that give your words and fig- each library is unique and that comparison ures the proper ring of decisive, progressive, among them gives statistics which are no - knowledgeable authority. more meaningful than the output of the - Our current crop of comparative technical buzzphrase generator, and perhaps what is library statistics are about in the same cate- really needed is a 501 buzzphrase . . . a re- gories as these buzzphrases I've cited. sponsive managerial policy !

COLUMN1 COLUMN2 COLUMN3 0. Integrated 0. Managerial 0. Options 1. Total 1. Organizational 1. Policy 2. Systematized 2. Monitored 2. Capability 3. Parallel 3. Reciprocal 3. Package 4. Functional 4. Digital 4. Parameter 5. Responsive 5. Logistical 5. Concept 6. Programmed 6. Transitional 6. Time-phase 7. Synchronized 7. Incremental 7. Projection 8. Compatible 8. Third-generation 8. Hardware 9. Balanced 9. Flexible 9. Dialogue A comparison of published and unpublished statistics on staff, space, and costs of special libraries led to three graphs which relate staffs, space, and costs to number of potential patrons. These graphs, although they must be viewed as preliminary and tentative, suggest that it is possible to determine the optimal staff size, square footage, and per patron cost of a special library if the industry (or group-concern) served, the number of potential patrons, and the kinds of patrons are known. Further more detailed and systematic study utilizing the approach en~ployedhere is warranted. Improving the Validity of Comparative Technical ~ibrar~Statistics J. W. ANDERSON

OST SPECIAL LIBRARIANS have attempted Roger DeTonnancour of General Dynamics M at one time or another to find com- in Fort Worth has been working on a survey parative statistics that would help them to recently. T. A. Rupprecht of Avco surveyed plan or evaluate their libraries. Almost sixteen missile industry libraries in 1962. Dr. every special librarian faces the question: D. T. Bedsole completed an exhaustive doc- How large in staff, space, and materials toral dissertation comparing "Library Systems should my library be? He faces this question in Large Industrial Corporations" in 1961. when he establishes a library, annually if he The contributors to a symposium on the ad- has much to say about what his budget will ministration of technical information groups be, and in an acute form when his organiza- did a remarkable job of comparing chemi6al tion has to cut back. It is not surprising that industry information centers in 1959. Harold he would look around occasionally for some Sharp published "A Survey of Electronics kind of standard against which to test his Libraries" in 1958., a vear, after Eleanor Gib- judgment, and which might assist him to son had published her survey of twenty-one communicate his needs to his management. "forward-looking" corporation libraries. And And a lot of people have done a lot of look- in March through June of 1966 SLA's own ing around. Professional Standards Committee published

North American Aviation's S and ID Di- "urofiles"I of six different re~resentativeli- vision Technical Information Center com- braries. These are just a few of the attempts piled some comparative data on a few major to identify good comparative statistics. aerospace libraries in 1963. William H. This searching certainly demonstrates a Jones of Northrop surveyed aerospace special need for cquantities to supplement qualitative libraries in the Los Angeles area in late 1966. standards. Comparative statistics lend a cred- ibility to budget figures which even the most Mr. Anderson, Chairman forceful librarian feels a need for occasion- of SLA's Scieme-Technol- ally, and no special library is so unique as to ogy Division, is head of be incomparable in all aspects of its opera- the Technical Library, Sys- tion. The new comparative salary figures for tems Development Cor- special librarians resulting from the Associa- poration, Snnta Monica, tion's 1967 Salary Survey will ease the task California, He presented of countless special librarians in getting com- this paper ut the Joint pany salary schedules adjusted to fit the mar- Session of the ~nsmrance,~etals/~ate&ls, ket and in estimating future personnel costs. PetroLemm, Science-Technology, and Trans- The great variety of ways in which these sal- portation Divisions during the 1967 Annz~al ary fibres are p;esented will make them use- Conz-ention,May 31, in New York. ful to almost every special librarian and the thoroughness of the study will make them other which shows per patron cost of library credible to almost any management. service, and a third which shows space pro- The salary area is only one of the areas in vided per patron. which comparative figures have been sought, but it is the area in which the greatest num- Size of Library Staff ber seem to agree that standards can be estab- The library size graph displays three lished-this despite the greatly varying needs curves, one for special libraries in general, of individuals. one for chemical information services, and Most of the studies named explore the one for aerospace-missile industry libraries. areas of staff and patron numbers, collection The general curve follows three points: composition, and space; and attention is also Gibson's average of five staff members for given to variety of services, operating costs, the average library serving 236 patrons, and volume of activity. Some quantitative Sharp's average of seven staff members serv- - standards are suggested, such as that the ing 340 patrons, and Bedsole's average of ratio of professional to nonprofessional st& twenty-three serving 1,331 patrons. be 2 to 3 and that the percentage of the spe- The chemicals industry curve follows three cial library budget spent on personnel range points taken from W. T. Knox's report on from slightly below to slightly above 70 per the symposium on the administration of tech- - cent. But that solid standards can really be nical information groups and one point from found in any area outside of salaries is quite Bedsole. According to this curve 6e.average debatable, and the fact that the many search- chemical industry information center or li- ings proclaims a need for quantities by no brary serving 250 primary patrons would means certifies the reliability or applicability employ five staff members; the average cen- of the quantities found. ter serving 500 primary patrons would em- Three graphs will help to display and com- ploy eight staff members, and the average pare some of the statistics reported. There is center serving 1,000 primary patrons would a graph that shows size of library staff as a employ thirteen or fourteen staff members. function of number of intended patrons, an- The aerospace-missiles industry cqve follows four points taken from Jones, one point service given by this library being inadequate taken from Bedsole, and one point taken is just as great as is the possibility that it is from Rupprecht. In deriving the points taken acceptable. But if, on the other hand, the from Jones the two non-industrial libraries probability that service is superior increases he surveyed were eliminated. This left one the farther one moves above the curve, then, library serving fewer than 1,000 patrons, five again, the curve does have some significance. serving 1,000 to 3,000 patrons, and seven serving more than 3,000 patrons. Jones's over- Cost Per Patron all average showed twenty-six or twenty-seven The next graph represents per patron cost people serving about 4,400 patrons. Bed- of library service. This graph shows three sole's average aircraft-missile industry library straight lines, one representing the per pa- served 1,022 patrons with 8.4 staff members, tron cost of chemical information services, and Rupprecht's average missile industry li- another the per patron cost of general in- brary served about 2,900 with twenty-two dustry libraries, and the last the cost of aero- staff members. According to this aerospace- space-missile industry libraries. These lines missile industry curve the average informa- were derived by assuming an average cost of tion service in this industry serving 1,000 $15,000 per staff member to operate a chem- primary people would employ eight or nine ical information center or library and an staff members, the average library serving average cost of $10,000 per staff member to 3,000 would employ twenty-one people, and operate a general industry library or an aero- the average library serving 7,500 would em- space-missile industry library. They also as- ploy thirty-five or thirty-six. sume that about 70 per cent of a library's Note that all the points on these curves, total budget goes for personnel and about except the first Jones point, represent aver- 20 per cent for books and periodicals. Both ages-not individual libraries-and even the $15,000 and the $10,000 figure are prob- these averages do not fall exactly on these ably average to low. The cost of supporting curves. But is it entirely coincidence that chemical information services was reported these points when plotted so strongly sug- at the symposium on the administration of gest curves? Probably not. If it is not entirely technical information groups to range from coincidence, what is the significance to you something over $10,000 to something over if .your library falls markedly above or below $20,000. This was eight or nine years ago. the cur$ appropriate to the industry you The $10,000 figure reflects a personal knowl- serve ? . edge of four different budgets. I kn6wl someone in the aerospace industry The points generating these cost lines whose library is serving about 8,000 with a come from the same sources as do the points staff of thirteen. This puts her library far which generated the library size curves on below the aerospace-missile industry curve. the first graph. The chemical industry line is If this curve has no significance, the possi- suggested by points taken from Knox and bility that the 8,000 being served by these Bedsole, the general industry line by points thirteen are getting an entirely adequate in- taken from Gibson, Sharp, and Bedsole, and formation service is just as great as is the the aerospace-missile industry line by points possibility that they are receiving service taken from Jones, Rupprecht, and Bedsole. which is not up to \their needs. jf, on the According to the chemical industry line, other hand, the probability that service is in- the average company employing 250 scien- adequate increases the farther one drops be- tists spends $310 to $315 per scientist on li- low the line. then the curve does have some brary service, while the average companies significance and could be of great assistance employing 500 and 1,000 scientists spend, in obtaining budgetary support for improved respectively, $285 and $230 per scientist on service. library service. I also know someone whose library is serv- In sharp contrast to the chemical industry, ing about 4,000 with forty-two staff members. the line for the aerospace-missile industry This puts his library noticeably above the shows a much lower level of monetary sup-

aerospace-missile industry curve. If the curve IDort for information services but also ;much has no significance then the possibility of the lower rate of decline in that support as the number of primary patrons served increases. by the first is probably not adequate, and the The lower rate of support may be explained service given by the second is probably su- by the comparatively high proportion of perior? If we can, then these lines do have genuine research personnel served by chem- some significance and, if developed and ade- ical information services. quately documented, could be of great value According to the aerospace-missile indus- to librarians needing quantitative support for try line the average company employing 1,000 their contention that the services they admin- primary information service patrons spends ister require additional support. about $90 per patron on library service, Any librarian's interpretation of the rela- while average companies employing 3,000, tive position his library occupies on this 5,000, and 7,000 primary patrons spend, graph will be influenced by how closely his respectively, about $75, $60, and $45 per over-all budget approximates the $10,000, patron per year. $15,000, or whatever amount per staff mem- If we plot the two libraries I located on ber is found to be average for his industry the first graph also on this graph, the first and how closely his personnel expenditures (the one with thirteen staff members serving approximate 70 per cent and his publications 8,000) appears to be supported by about 20 per cent of his over-all budget. For in- $16.50 per patron (less than half the aver- stance, a library's per staff member expendi- age) and the second appears to be supported ture may be significantly over the industry by about $105 per patron (about 40 per cent average while its per patron support is at the above the average). The contrast is certainly same time significantly under the industry striking-but is it significant? Can we pre- average. An obvious reason for this could be dict without knowing anything more at a11 understaffing-personnel expenditures well about these libraries that the service given under 70 per cent and publications expendi- 700 tures over 20 per cent. In a case like this a The validity of the aerospace-missile in- graph like this could be a great help in com- dustry curve shown here is tarnished by the municating the problem to management. position on the graph of the space point for In his January report to SLA's Board of aircraft-missile industry libraries taken from Directors, Bill Woods said, "The Special Li- Bedsole. The Bedsole point shows the aver- braries Association should take more initia- age space provided per patron in libraries in tive in developing a statistical collection pro- this industry serving about 1,000 primary gram for special libraries." If it can be patrons to be 1.9 square feet, but this falls shown that graphs such as these have valid- quite distant from the Jones curve. ity, there could be none better situated to I am encouraged to believe that there may originate, distribute, and maintain them than be a valid space curve-or curves-by Masse the Association-and none better qualified Bloomfield's experience in collecting space to explain their limitations and proper appli- statistics when he conducted the survey of cations. nine aerospace libraries (see p. 688). The space statistics he collected were plotted on Space Per Patron log-log paper and produced a perfectly The third graph shows space provided per straight line. The over-all average for the patron. On this graph there are only two libraries surveyed by Bloomfield is 2.7 sq. lines-one following points taken from Gib- feet per patron for libraries serving 4,000 son, Sharp and Bedsole, and one for the and the over-all average in the Jones survey aerospace-missile industry taken from space was 2.6 sq. feet per patron for libraries serv- figures given by Jones. A curve for libraries ing 4,400. serving the chemical industry is not shown When I started plotting points taken from because there was only one point available, the various surveys I have mentioned, it from Bedsole. seemed logical that some patterns would show up, but not at all certain. Since all spe- generated reports is not a part of the library. cial libraries are supposed to be different and Without defining basic services and then essentially incomparable, there was a distinct learn~ng what percentage of these services possibility that these statistics would confirm is offered by the participants In a survey, tha, reputation by displaying chaos, an utter we may compare half Libraries against whole absence of patterning. The fact that some libraries without in any way distinguishing curves do show up seems to indicate that all them. is not necessarily clutter-but there was To summarize briefly: Areas to be ex- enough noise generated to make it clear that plored by comparative studies include, be- a good deal of work does need to be done in sides salaries, staff size as a function of pri- this area before the degree of reliance to be mary patrons served, cost in terms of patron placed in curves like these or their applica- support, space per patron, and collection tion is fully understood. composition, at least. That comparative sta- Take the first graph. The different posi- tistics do have some validity seems to be A tions on the graph of the chemical industry borne out by the tendency of information and aerospace-missile industry curves may be gathered in previous studies to fall into pat- caused in part by a different definition in the terns. Presentation of data in graphic form two industries of "primary patron." In the seems to generate curves peculiar to particu- chemical industry this is usually a scientist, lar industries. And, finally, the quality of but in the aerospace industry it is often any comparative technical library statistics can be salaried person. It is appropriate that there improved by defining terms, by delineating be a difference in this definition from indus- within industries the kinds of patrons served try to industry, but it is also important that and their relative numbers, and by detailing all those reporting statistics for any one in- the basic services provided by each library. dustry be agreed on their definitions of terms. Almost every special librarian uses com- One of the reasons that the first librarv parative statistics at one time or another, and spotted on this graph, the one serving 8,000 sometimes repeatedly, as budgetary tools- with thirteen, falls so far below the curve as offensive and defensive tools-but no spe- may be that the need for service by the group cial librarian accepts their validity unques- served by this library is not nearly as great tioningly. There is evidence that they can as that of the group served by the second li- be made valid when properly gathered and brary named, the library serving 4,000 with interpreted, and we owe it to the customers forty-two. If so, the need for service is not we serve and the managements we report to sufficiently defined simply by differentiating to develop the proper procedures and the libraries by industry served. Within particular necessary know-how. industries, such as the aerospace industry, it may be necessary to further delineate need References by identifying more exactly the kinds of patrons served and their relative numbers. 1. BEDSOLE,D. T. Library systems in large in- For instance, it may be necessary to identify dustrial corporations. Ann Arbor, University of the two major classes of personnel served, Michigan, 1961 (PH.D. dissertation) 2. GIBSON,Eleanor B. What Can Be Learned such as development engineers (50 per cent) From a Library Survey? In Special Libraries, April and administrative personnel (20 per cent), 1957, p. 133-8. and so forth. Also, it may be more realistic 3. JONES,H. W. Survey of aerospace special to read the curves on this graph not as lines, libraries in Los Angeles area. Rw. Dec. 1966 (unpublished sheet). but as bands, the bands allowing for differ- 4. KNOX, W. T. Administration of Technical- ences in information needs. Information Groups. In Industrial and Engineer- A second explanation for the first library ing Chemistry, March 1959, p. 48A-61A. 5. RUPPRECHT,T. A. Library Budgets in the is spotted on this graph falling so far below Missile Business: The State of the Art. In Sci- the curve might be found in the number of Tech News, Summer 1962, p. 71-2. services this library offers. It might be that 6. SHARP,H. S. A Survey of Electronics Libraries. in this company the organization which han- In Special Libraries, April 1958, p. 157-61. 7. Special Libraries Association. Professional dles the acquisition, processing, and distrib- Standards Committee. Profiles of Special Libraries. uting or circulating of internally or externally In Special Libraries, March-June 1966. This paper describes in plain language the system by which American standards are formulated, reviewed, and approved, with special reference to information science. Examples of specific needs of this field for which standards are now being codified are cited together with the relevant subcommittees of USASIF39 working on them. The importance of national standards in this and other fields is discussed, with particular references made to ongoing projects touching various problem areas. The fundamental principles of standards work are stated. The Place of Standards in the New Technology of Information Science JERROLD ORNE

OR SOMETHING LIKE ten years now, my scope, design, and application of an object, a Fcontacts with the scientific and technical system, or a device, based upon near-univer- community have been limited. The complex- sal concurrence of producer and consumer ities of managing a sizeable academic library bodies. Without doubt dictionary definitions enterprise during that time have obliged me would be more concise, but they would not to concentrate my efforts on matters quite lend themselves as well to my theme. Having different from those of the years when I thus set the stage, let me talk briefly about actively shared the interests of sci-tech li- standards and how they grow. brarians. I am convinced that the time is As an academic, devoted to thorough and long gone when applied science and basic complete historical documentation, perhaps science could develop independently; for we should start with the standardization of similar reasons, the time is long gone when the size of clubs used by Neanderthal man, the technology of information science could an agreement of sorts, which made for a fair be developed independently, without con- fight. This could be developed today to tinuous interaction with the academic com- standard bullet sizes, which enable us today to munity and with the whole of society. pick up ammunition or guns from our fallen Let us first set some limits, by definition, foes to use on more of their kind. Let me on the parameters of the subject, the place cite a few other examples of hardware more of standards in the new technology of in- familiar to all. Take the evolution of the formation science. Let us say that informa- wheel and rubber tires used on automobiles. tion science is any method, pattern, or sys- This is a good example, because today we tem designed to produce useful data when are all confused by a dual system of tire and where it is needed, in appropriate vol- measures. Mark this confusion; every time ume. The technology of information science you buy tires now, you have to double check may be the sum of or any one of the com- your size statement. If you add to this the ponent elements needed for such methods, metric system of numbering used on foreign patterns, or systems. Now for standard, let car tires, the confusion is multiplied. Take a us start with a discrete, unique definition of second example from the automotive world, and think of the special set of wrench-s you Dr. Ome, who is mi- must have to turn a nut or a bolt on vour versity librarian at the Volkswagen because European standard sizes University of North Car- are metric while our are measured in inches. olina and chairman of the To come even closer to home, compare the USASI Committee 239, numerous types of vacuum radio tubes of not presented his paper at the so long ago with the narrow range still in Science Technology Divi- use and the swiftly standardizing array of sion meetinp. Mav, -,30. transistors we now have. With the tremen- 1967, during the 58th dnnual :LA Conven- dous surge of miniaturization, led by the tion in New York. demands of space exploration, we now face steadily increasing pressure for standardiza- willing and able to undertake its develop- tion of units. Now to bring this home to ment. It then may call a general conference those concerned with information science of all organizations with a substantial inter- and its tools, consider what standardized est in the subject and ask it to recommend plug-in units of a program for computers for or against development of the standard. could and does do for you. If the conference agrees that the work should . In a keynote address1 at the U. S, Ameri- be undertaken and the Institute standards can Standards Institute's 17th National Con- board having jurisdiction in the field conference, Dr. J. Herbert Holloman, then Act- curs, a USA Standards committee is formed. ing Under Secretary of Commerce set forth An organization having a major interest in his credo of Stmidat-ds mzd the Pzdblic Inter- the work or one of the Institute standards est. It outlines in plain language the forces boards is then named administrative sponsor which impel us into ever-increasing involve- of the committee. In the case of 239, the ment with standardization. He makes the sponsor is the Council of National Library careful distinction between voluntary product Associations. The sponsor invites to member- standards based upon economic needs, and ship on the committee all organizations with the type of mandatory standard enforced by a substantial interest in the work. Repre- legislative action arising from the obligation sentation on the committee must be balanced to protect the public. The generalizations he among producers, distributors, consumers, makes are as effective in the area of informa- and general interests, so that no one organ- tion science as in automobile tires, wrenches, ization or group may dominate or be espe- or nuts and bolts. You may not think it so cially favored by the work. strange that I put information science and The actual development of a standard nuts and bolts into the same sentence. The within a USA Standards committee is often good Lord knows we've got plenty of nuts carried out by subcommittees, groups of ex- in information science and they are con- perts who are not necessarily members of stantly bolting! the parent committee. A draft produced by a The cabalistic number system (239, PHs, subcommittee may be widely distributed for X3) has always been a source of jokes, criticism and revised in light of the com- knowing glances, and ribald allusions, par- ments received. When a fairly definitive ticularly since 007 hit the scene. I will sprint draft is achieved, representing the best and through a rapid review of our American sys- most universally accepted practices of every tem of standardization, in order to make sure interested agency in the field, the secretary no one later falls into the path of error. of the Standards committee sends it out to The United States of America Standards ballot of all members of the committee. Since Institute (formerly the American Standards they will have already reviewed and con- Association) is a federation of trade, tech- tributed to formation of the draft, the pre- nical, and professional societies, companies, sumption at this point is that an affirmative government agencies, labor and consumer in- ballot will be cast. When all votes are in, the terests. Many of the USA Standards it ap- results are transmitted to the sponsor, who proves as national standards are developed sends the proposed draft standard to USASI by USA Standards committees which work with its recommendation on approval. The in one particular field. Each committee has a standards board having jurisdiction over the code number: X3 is concerned with informa- committee then reviews the record of devel- tion processing; PH5 with photocopying; opment of the standard, the tabulation of 239 with library work and documentation. committee vote, and reasons for negative A USA Standards committee is born when votes, if any, to determine if the concerned an organization or individual petitions the interests have achieved substantial agreement Institute for a standard and the Institute -consensus-on the standard's provisions. finds that there is no existing standard on If it is satisfied that consensus exists, it will the subject available for approval as a USA approve the document as a USA Standard. Standard and no organization in the field This is, in brief, the standards process. There is no lack of cogent analyses of the 'Magazine of Standards, \ol. 38, no. 3, March, 1967, pp. 67-73. state of information science in our professional literature. In fact, the bibliography of other's analysis if there is not a common this subject would tax the capacity of a size- vocabulary or accepted definitions? Again able machine installation. ~etme-direct your we are talking about standards. And how attention to only a few items. You would do does "delivery" fit in this pattern? If we had well to start with the survey of library auto- all the standards for production and analysis, mation by Donald Black and Earl Farley in what good would the information be if we the AD1 Annual Review for 1966.2 If you had no universal device for carrying this in- will look at Jesse Shera's latest, "Librarians formation wherever it might be needed? Against Machines,"3 it will not be necessary Again, we must have a communication sys- for me to do a historical review. Then if you tem so standardized that it can be placed will read Brad Rogers' "Librarianship in a anywhere and used anywhere in a uniform World of machine^,"^ you will come back manner. Without this, the information may from Shera's lengthy peroration to Rogers' be so garbled that it might just as well be homespun, plain facts. If I were to add one locked in the brain from which it came. It more item to your heavy burden of reading, is inept or inadequate preparation of stand- it would be that lucid, clear-eyed analysis ards that keeps the long list of mechanized "American Automation in Action,-5 written devices or systems experimental in the world by an Australian following a six-month- of information science. Brad Rogers said, long tour of many of our highly publicized in the paper cited earlier, "I often get the automated o~erations. impression that our society is really divided I would like to use this opportunity to de- between the exhorters and the doers, and velop better understanding of the place of that the rate of increase of the former is far standards in the numerous ex~erimentalin- outstripping the latter class." In the area of formation retrieval or selective dissemination standards now, I am here exhorting all spe- programs. Let me suggest first, however, that cial librarians to be doers, while enjoying the scientific community of my topic is not the best of both classes myself. unique. Information needs of other fields Project Marc is a noble effort to solve the are not much different, and there is just as rigorous problems of bibliographical data much need in any field, depending upon delivery. One subcommittee of 239, led by who needs it. What we are concerned with, Mrs. Henriette Avram, is striving to de- then, is, "What have standards to do with velop standards for Machine Input Records. the production, analysis and delivery of in- Only when such standards can be provided formation ?" will Marc be operationally useful. Very early The logic needed to answer this question in the effort it became evident to her that is disarmingly simple. The production of what we call simple alphabetic filing is not so any information is pointless if it is not re- simple for stupid machines. Thus a new sub- corded. Then what form shall this record committee of 239 was born, led by Dr. Theo- take? Anv form the scientist elects? Hardlv! dore Hines at Columbia and devoting its He must bublish or announce his findings in full attention to the development of a stand- some recognized form, provide an abstract, ard for filing. Mrs. Avram also realized that or assign predetermined descriptors to guide there was no common acceptance of what are any who may wish to use his product. This essential bibliographic data elements, and does have a familiar ring. We are talking another offshoot became a contract o~eration about standardized data elements. Now what set in motion to identify and categorize in a about "analysis"? How can anyone use an- matrix all types of bibliographic data elements. The report of this investigation is ' American Documentation Institute. A~nuulRe- about to appear. In the varying fields of sci- zjiew of Information Sciezce and Technologj, vol. ence, the form of an abstract has long been 1, 1966. New York, Wiley, 1966, pp. 273-303. a hotly debated subject. Faced now with an Science, vol. 156, pp. 746-50, May 12, 1967. Peabody Library School, George Peabody College imperative requirement for uniformity to en- for Teachers, Nashville, Tennessee, May 17, 1966, able the machines to digest and regurgitate 22p. abstracted data, a renewed effort is now be- wryan, Harrison. American Automation in Ac- tion, Libmr): Journal, vol. 92, no. 2, January 15, ing mounted by another subcommittee of 1967, pp. 189-196. 239, headed by Dr. John Gribbin of Tulane. The contentious area of subject access is the implicit voluntary character of such stand- province of a large subcommittee on index- ards. This point deserves emphasis. It marks ing, with John Rothman as chairman. His the essential difference between our national group is working on a standard for indexes approach to standards and that of many which they hope will serve equally well for more authoritarian nations. In a recent ap- manual and machine systems. Another team pearance at hearings before the Senate Com- is cultivating the fertile soil of bibliographic merce Committee, the case for voluntary citations, led by Dr. Maurice Tauber. A codes was succinctly made by Francis K. successful standard in this field would ease McCune,c the president of the USA Stand- the labors of writers and editors a hundred- ards Institute, fold, to say nothing of the advantages to "Voluntary codes are good codes because the writers themselves. In one specific area they are developed by knowledgeable and of citation, standardized abbreviations of competent people," periodical title words have been adopted as "Voluntarv codes meet the needs of soci- a national standard. 239 is also concerned ety because all segments of the economy in- with areas of the publishing industry related terested in their application are given an op- to library work and documentation. A repre- portunity to participate in their evolution sentative of the publishing industry accom- and development," panies Z39's delegation to Moscow to dis- "Voluntary codes are unbiased codes," and cuss a standard system of book numbering "Voluntary codes are living codes." for publishers on an international plane. The special librarian has only to consider Many may wonder what connection this how his own efforts up to the present time has with the numerous occasional standards fit in this pattern. If he has striven alone or used or seen, produced by organizations or with others to codify some standard, he groups quite independent not only of USASI, knows how much expertise is needed. He but of one another. It is just because of these knows how critical it is that every concerned variable sources that this discussion has im- person or group must be involved in the portance. work, and he knows that any bias, whether You have all seen and many of you have for economic or personal reasons, must be participated in the production of standards eliminated. If the work has created a living on various levels. These range from a) a standard on any level, and if it is sound, it single decision to standardize the form of a will remain alive and grow stronger and company report series, to z) a national agree- finally attain national acceptance. The librar- ment on a universal system of numbering ian is on sound ground in working for a serial publications. Standards can be, and standard in any area of information science, are, developed in many places and at many so long as he remembers these criteria. The levels. The fundamental principle remains product will have to face rigorous tests of the same. The usefulness of any standard is acceptance in use, and it will endure or dis- exactly proportionate to the extent of its ac- appear depending upon how well cultivated ceptance and use. That is, a local standard is is the soil in which it grows. My own years good if it is accepted and used throughout of work in the standards field have brought the local area. There can be good standards me the conviction that no work on a stand- within geographic areas, within industry or ards problem is ever wasted; the best and organizational units, within governmental only the best of it comes through and en- structure, in fad, in almost any group of two dures. Your field is beset by a multitude of or more individuals. In any given field, the disparate influences, many of which are acceptance and use of a national standard is something less than benign. You will in- fairly complex and difficult to achieve. One evitably overcome these and the USA Stand- can start with any lesser form of standard as ards Institute, 239, and perhaps by then a working draft, and if the material is sound other sectional committees which you will and has, in fact, national usefulness, it can yourselves initiate will be as familiar to you readily be brought into the appropriate chan- as 007 is today. nels for eventual production as a national "McCune, Francis K. The Case for Voluntary standard. By now you are a11 aware of the Codes. New York, USASI, 1767. 8 pp. This is the fourth in an irregular series featuring the history, purpose, and scope of the professional special library associations, other than SLA, prepared especially for the readers of Special Libraries.

The Association of Jewish Libraries

JOSEPH YENISH

HE ASSOCIATIONOF JEWISH LIBRARIES with the general one: 1) the Research and Twas created in 1965 by the merger of Special Library Division, comprising mainly two bodies which until then functioned sep- members of the former Jewish Librarians arately. The members of the two bodies au- Association; and 2) the Synagogue, School thorized the merger by a mail referendum and Center Division, comprising mostly in April 1966, and proclaimed it at the members of the former Jewish Library Asso- founding convention of the Association at ciation. A substantial number of members Gratz College in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, now belong to both divisions. in June 1966. The second convention of the The excitement of newness pervades the association was held in Boston, Massachusetts, Association. It is engaged in refining the es- in June 1967; the third convention is tenta- sence and scope of its projects and building tively scheduled for June 1968 in Cincinnati, the apparatus for their implementation. Just Ohio. as the United States of America at the mo- The new Association, sensing that it had ment of its formation had no "record" or to respect the purposes of its two units and "history" of its own---only those of the yet produce much more than merely the sum colonies which formed it-the Association of their former achievements, formulated the has only the histories of its formerly sepa- following purposes : rate parts. A recapitulation of these should enhance the understanding not only of the 1. To promote and improve library services foundations upon which the new Association and professional standards in all Jewish li- has to build but also of the services and ac- braries. complishments which it hopes to bring about. 2. To serve as a center of dissemination of The Jewish Librarians Association was Jewish library information and guidance. organized in New York City in October 3. To encourage the establishment of Jewish 1946, mainly through the efforts of Sophie libraries. Udin, a dynamo of a woman who then was 4. To promote publication of literature librarian of the Zionist Archives and Library, which will be of assistance to Jewish librar- and later, librarian of the Kenesset, until her ianship. death in Jerusalem in 1960. Among the 5. To encourage people to enter the field of founding members were the late Dr. Alex- librarianship. ander Marx of the Jewish Theological Semi- The new Association (for which a general nary of America; the late Dr. Joshua Bloch governing apparatus was provided) organ- of the Jewish Division of the New York ized itself into two divisions, each with its Public Library; Harry J. Alderman of the own government, autonomous but consistent American Jewish Committee Library; Rabbi Philip Goodman of the Jewish Book Council of America; Jacob Dienstag of Yeshiva Mr. Yenish, public rela- University; Dr. I. Edward Kiev of the Jew- tions officer of the Asso- ish Institute of Religion; Rabbi Isidore S. ciation of Jewish Libraries, Meyer of the American Jewish Historical is head librarian at Gratz Society. The membership of this Association College, Philadelphia, grouped itself around several large, influ- Penmyluania. ential, and prestigious academic and com- Officers of the Association of Jewish Libraries include, left to right, Dr. Charles Berlin, president-elect; Jacob 1: Dienstag, president; and ~erbert-C. Zafren, first president of the Association. munal institutions (mostly in Greater New sociations-who met in Cleveland at the York City) whose librarians were outstand- ALA convention a year before. The second ing professionals or scholars or both. They convention of the ~ewishLibrary Associa- felt a need for fraternization; they also talked tion was held in Cleveland in 1963; the of interprofessional tools-of bibliographies, third in New York City in 1964; the last union catalogs, and indexes. In the course of in Detroit in 1965. The Detroit Convention their history they produced a bibliography of had before it the merger proposal of the Dr. Isaac Rivkind's writings in honor of his other Jewish library organization, to which twenty-five years of service in the library of it reacted warmly and appointed a plenipo- the Jewish Theological Seminary ; they also tentiary committee to negotiate the terms. published a checklist of periodicals in two The members of the Jewish Library Asso- large libraries in New York City with the ciation, who reached into twenty-one states, intent of expanding it to include the hold- the District of Columbia and the pro1mces ' ings of as many Jewish libraries as possible. of Ontario and Quebec, consisted largely of The record shows that they prodded each librarians and library workers in synagogues other to greater efforts. But the spark of and community centers. The impulse to es- their intentions did not break forth into the tablish these libraries. and the current. almost minimum flame necessary for organizational passionate drive to expand and make them boiling. Because of the succession of leaders' more useful is one of the earmarks which departures, the narrowness of the structure, characterize the evolution of the American and its members' preoccupation with their Jewish community. The immigrant, Yiddish- unique problems, the organization experi- speaking grandparents of this community enced several demises and rebirths. The lat- are rapidly being gathered unto eternity; al- est resurgence, a very firm one, under a most all the Jews in the United States today young and dynamic leadership, occurred in are native born, most of them of native pi- January 1965. As one of its imperatives, vig- ents. They are "settled"; of comfortable orously championed by President Herbert means; culture-minded; eager to learn about Zafren of the Hebrew Union College in their traditions and historical roots; eager to Cincinnati, it determined to contact and sug- respond intelligently and responsibly to the gest merger to the other Jewish library or- ecumenical breezes which blow about. The ganization. synagogues, which often are also community The Jewish Library Association was or- centers and almost always conduct a religious ganized by a founding convention in At- school, have expanded. So have the com- lantic City, New Jersey, in 1962. It grew munity centers which are not part of a syna- out of informal conversations among a num- gogue. Many of these institutions now oper- ber of Jewish librarians-some of whom ate some kind of a library; others are plan- had the support of well-established local as- ning to organize one. Often the library serves the school; it also serves its adult members. tions of this group did not emphasize theo- A glow of idealism surrounds these libraries; retical speeches; their programs were but the problems which they face-of fi- crammed with intensive work sessions. It is nances, of personnel, of know-how-are very likely to continue to be so during future get- great. togethers of these library workers. Among the persons who head some of But in the future there will be a differ- these libraries are top-notch professionals. ence. For now all who are in the service of One of them is Miriam Leikind, of the Jewish libraries have available to them a Temple Library in Cleveland, Ohio, who unified Association. The already strong im- together with two dedicated colleagues be- petus for increased professionalization among gan in 1963 to publish an Index to Jewish the workers of the former Jewish Library Periodicals patterned after H. W. Wilson Association will be enhanced bv the addi- Company's Reader's Guide to Periodical Lit- tion of their colleagues from the former Jew- eratwe. Only their most self-sacrificing per- ish Librarians Association. With increased severance enabled them to see this publica- resources, increased membership and in- tion through during the triennium of its creased influence the new Association feels existence. Today it enjoys the aid of a private more confident of being able to carry out gift; and is published by the Cleveland Col- some of the tasks before it. Typical of these lege of Jewish Studies to whom the com- are: 1) publication of bibliographies and pilers have cheerfully transferred the copy- indexes; 2) assistance in the standardization right. Another leader is Mrs. Mae Weine, of of cataloging and classification practices; 3) Camden, New Jersey, who, with the assist- promotion of the recruitment of personnel; ance of the Greater Philadelphia Jewish Li- 4) establishment of a center of Jewish library Association, has compiled the "Weine" brary information. classification which (except for the large This report of the new Association is an academic and special libraries) is gaining announcement of one segment of the library widening acceptance. Most of the workers profession, made in a spirit of responsi- in these libraries, though many have become bility to the profession as a whole, that wise and practiced by experience, are not it has assumed a series of tasks. It hopes to library school graduates. They are in search be allowed to give a further account of itself for counsel. As a consequence the conven- in the future. "Documentation of documentation" has become the concern of a number of centers in the world; there is one center, however, that deserves special attention: the Information Department in the Center for Library Science and Methodology, Budapest. Here, 217 entire journals in the field of library and information science are currently documented as well as a number of abstract services. The report describes the information services of this center as well as its cataloging method and printing processes. The special library attached to the center with its 25,000 volumes is dealt with equally. The three advantages of the center's documentation system are pointed out.

Information Department in the Center for Library Science and Methodology,

INGETRAUT DAHLBERG

NDER A 1956 law a division was estab- Hungarian literature-supplemented by an- u lished within the Hungarian National notations-in the documentation field. while Library (Orszagos Szechenyi Konyvtar) the other one announces all the titles of "for- which was to concern itself particularly with eign" documentation literature contained matters of library science. This division either in the 217 journals received by the started on January 1, 1959, as the Center for aforementioned special library or in some Library Science and Methodology. It is com- three hundred other journals accessible from prised of six departments and is housed in a abstract services. In addition to these two building located near the National Library. "current awareness services" the department Besides departments for public libraries, sci- publishes a bimonthly journal Konyvtari entific special libraries, and library training, Figyelo (Library Review), which contains the Center has an information department original articles, translations, reports, sum- which acts as a documentation and informa- maries, and news for librarians and docu- tion center for library and information sci- mentalists in Hungary, offering also an Eng- ences. Attached to it is a special library on lish contents list since 1966. (This journal these combined subjects. The library and is by no means the only Hungarian one in documentation center have been headed by our subject field; other centers also publish Pal Boday since 1959. library and documentation journals; report- edly there are altogether ten Hungarian spe- Publications cial journals in library science and documentation.) The literature on documentation is proc- * essed by the information department in a scope and manner which, to my knowledge, Printing of the Journals and Their Indexes is not duplicated in any other center in the For maximum ease of printing the Express world. This results in the following publica- Znformation journals, all bibliographical en- tions: two journals, called Express Znfor- tries on catalog cards are typed (since 1959) mation in which two to four weeks after so that this form can be used for the com- publication the newest special literature on pilation of each issue of Express Znformation. documentation and library science arranged according to journal issues is announced by * The contribution by L. Bereczky: "Library Se- furnishing original and translated titles, sup- rials" in: Hungarian Library Directory, 2nd vol., Budapest 1965, p. 221-232 lists altogether 24 li- plemented by short abstracts if available. brary and documentation journals for Hungary, One journal limits itself to the titles of some of which are of regional significance only. The method works as folIows: the catalog For the encoding of the literature on li- cards with the newest entries are stacked in brarv science and documentation the follow- close succession.t Then they are copied on an ing classification system was set up: aluminum foil by a Xerox machine (acquired as far back as 1959) and immediately 1) Library and information science; prob- offset-printed. In all cases where content lems of organization; education and train- sheets (Inhalt~fahnen)with the abstracts of ing ; standardization ; conferences. journal articles can be used, they are cut out 2) Publications which furnish a general sur- and added to the titles for further informa- vey; guidelines ; statistics. tion. Each title carries a number which serves 3) Types of libraries; special documentation as the order symbol for the catalog cards in fields and institutions. the card file. Together with the bibliograph- 4) Technical questions pertaining to libraries ical entry (on cards in international library and documentation. format) author reference cards are typed 5) Organization at one single place, ad- (for personal and corporate authors; for ministration, personnel. designations of products, programs or sys- 6) Control of stocks, acquisition, shelving, tems; in the case of anonymous works, also storage. for their titles and for titles of series) in a 7) Cataloging, classification, classification fixed way carrying only the name or designa- systems. tion and the number. Bv this method the 8) Protection of stocks, bookbinding, book- cards can be arranged by stacking and can be hyg'lenes. used for the printing of indexes. 9) Service to readers, user studies, propa- The printing of one issue of the usually ganda for increased use of libraries. hundred-page journal Konyvtari Figyelo is 10) Information work; general questions of handled in an easy and inexpensive way also. information organization ; history of bibliog- The technical preparations for the printing raphy and documentation; publication (edit- process, the typing of the pages with an ing) of documents ; documentation services ; IDEAL typewriter, the editing and making patent documentation. up of an issue are done by some of the ten 11) Bibliographies and documentation prod- assistants of Pal Boday's department itself. ucts. Only the offset printing is delegated to the 12) Publication types ; special collections. reprographic department which services the 13) Book science; publishers ; book fairs. whole Center. The masters for the offset 14) Science in relation to documentation; printing, however, are produced by Xerox history of science; general terminological machine in the information department. problems; script and type; organization of science ; research, etc.

Cataloging Under this system three staff members of Documentation by the information depart- the information department classify all titles ment is based on the principle of total ex- occurring. At the present time an investiga- ploitation of its special journals. This means tion is under way to determine the best and that all the titles of a given journal are doc- fastest method for compiling subject indexes umented and incorporated into the card file, for the Express Information journals on the even if some of them deal only with fringe basis of the above mentioned classification subjects and are of minor interest. This method is advantageous in that the entries can be typed up almost automatically by of- Mrs. Dahlberg is director fice personnel without previous selection of of the Library and Docu- articles from the journals concerned. The mentation Center of the articles are classified in advance and the titles Ge~manSociety for Doc- are translated Into Hungarian as necessary. umentation, Frankfurt, West Germany. This report was published in t Schindler. B.: The Preparation of the Bibliog- raphy of Agriculture. Chicago Univ. 1951. Also in Germalz in Nachrichten Librt 4 (1954) No. 2 p. 143-52. fiir Dokumentation. DECEMBER1967 71 1 system. Three pertinent methods are simul- and its formal data (size, date of issue, lan- taneously being pursued: "manual," semi- guage of text, and so on) are indicated in mechanical (Peek-a-Boo card system), and the edge holes. Thus fast access to the formal mechanical (with punch cards) compilation. indications of a book is assured. As reported, the department has only one The books are shelved in five different numerically arranged catalog which contains size groups according to current access in a the complete bibliographical data of all en- sort of open compactus store with manual tries. As additional tools there are a number service. All the essential journals are bound. of index catalogs: the author catalog and a Monthly accessions to the library are source catalog. Abstract journals are ex- printed on lists or catalog cards. For the ploited in the-same manner as original jour- printing of these accession lists as well as nals, with one difference. The abstracts are of the cards, six bibliographica1 entries are Xerox copied, cut out, pasted on DIN A6 transferred at one time to aluminum foils cards and deposited in- a catalog together with the aid of the Xerox machine. Later with cards of the original journals. In this this foil is cut into six plates which serve way, for example, one can determine at a for the printing of the single cards for the glance just how many abstracts of articles library catalogs. from the Nachrichten fiir Dokumentation were printed in the year 1964 in Referativtz~i Administration Zhnraal. From 1959 to 1964 some four thousand The (alphabetical) author catalog has a bibliographical units from non-Hungarian supplement which indicates just what ab- literature were cataloged by the information stracts have been published-and where-of department each year. In 1965 the number any given paper of an author. of entries increased to six thousand due to an enormous growth of published literature in The Special Library the field. The annual number of Hungarian Attached to the documentation center is entries on documentation is approximately the special library of library science and eight hundred. documentation literature with 25,000 vol- The information department's budget in- umes. Its holdings are open to any user from cludes a remarkably large sum for transla- all over the country, especially to the librar- tion services, namely more than $3,000 per ians of Hungary's two thousand libraries. vear. This makes it possible to announce all Some two hundred loans are made each Hungarian documentation literature in Eng- month. lish, German, or Russian. Furthermore, the The library is staffed by three librarians. most important English literature in the field Approximately 60 per cent of the publica- is translated into Hungarian. All the trans- tions are acquired through exchange, the lations available are collected in the special rest are purchased or received as legal de- library while those translations of documents posit. The annual acquisition rate amounts in library science or documentation from or to three thousand entries, 217 journals are into other foreign languages can be traced. currently kept. There is an alphabetical author and cor- The Three Advantages of the System porate author catalog, as well as an alpha- 1) The total exploitation of a certain num- betical title catalog in this special library. ber of journals in one field ensures complete Also there is a systematic catalog, since each documentation of literature of a given field book is classified according to the UDC and as far as it is published in these journals. can thus be retrieved for its subject content. 2) The possibility of copying each entry in A special list of UDC numbers with their the same way as it is typed constitutes an in- terms in natural language was made up. expensive and fast way to provide informa- For statistical purposes a catalog of small tion according to many different viewpoints edge-notched punch cards each measuring with the aid of these very entries. half the size of a machine punch card was 3) The procedure does not demand a costly set up. Onto the middle field of each card apparatus; it is easy to handle and requires the bibliographical data of a book are copied almost only semi-skilled personnel. WELCOME TO SLA

[n September of this past year, SLA headquarters moved to shiny new eighth-floor offices at 235 Park Avenue South (Nineteenth Street). The cheer- ful lobby of the twelve-story building is shown above. SLA office space totals 5,700 square feet, as opposed to 4,600 square feet at 31 East Tenth Street, its headquarters from 1939 until the move. There are eleven separate offices, including the reception area, library and conference room, and staff room. SLA Receptionist Joan Mathews, an- swers a call on the monitor board at left. Park Avenue South, which was Fourth Avenue until the beginning of this decade, extends from below Thirty-Fourth Street down to Fifteenth Street. Executive Director George H. Ginader, who joined SLA last September, is shown in his bright, airy office, wh~chdoubles as a small conference room (see partial view of table in above photo). Below, Guy R. Bell, Publica- tions and Public Relations Director, and Edi- tor of "Special Libraries," prepares to begin his next project. Publications and Public Re- lations Assistant Marguerite von Geyr is busy at her desk at right. Miss von Geyr left the Association in October, after the photographs were taken. SLA staff members pictured at their desks on this page are, above left: Margaret Price, Fiscal Services Department Director; Mrs. Ellen Maky, Office Services Super- visor, above right. Below are Mrs. Sylvia Singer, left, Billing and Order Clerk, and Olga Matson, Accounting Clerk. In the foreground is Louis Polgar, an accountant. Mrs. Edith Hughes, Library and Ar- chives Clerk, in SLA's library, which contains reference books, directories, and periodicals pertaining to and about special libraries and special librarianship. There are bound copies of "Spe- cial Libraries," beginning with Volume I, No. I, dated January 1910, and of "Technical Book Review Index," starting with Volume I, 1935-6. In background: Mrs. Ann Buchanan, Editorial Secretary; at left: Mrs. Hughes at ar- chive files ; bottom : executive office "secretary's row." Pictured are Mrs. Buchanan, back to camera, and Mrs. Sylvia Bates, secretary to the Executive Director. in white sweater. SLA's Addressing Service is handled by two full-time and one part-time personnel, under the direction of Ann Firelli, Director of Member- ship and Personnel Services. As of May 1, 1967, 24,501 plates were on file. Shown on the right are Mrs. Mary Thompson, Addressing Serv- ice Assistant, foreground, and Virginia Champ, Ad- dressograph Assistant.

Conference Preview The January 1968 issue of Special Libraries will feature a list of committee members for the fifty-ninth annual Con- ference of SLA, which will be held at the Statler Hilton, Los Angeles, California, June 2-7. Watch for this and future Conference articles. Naval Research Laboratory Library Celebrates Forty Years of Service

N 1944, RUTH H. HOOKER,then librar- whom are professional librarians. Organiza- I ian at the Naval Research Laboratory, pub- tionally the library is divided into three sec- lished an article in Special Libraries (No- tions: the library services section with a col- - vember 1944, 35:9, p. 442-4). During the lection of 113.000 books and bound iournals time that has elapsed the library has ex- and responsibility for all operations involved - panded rapidly and, since this is our fortieth with acquiring and servicing the open litera- anniversary year, it seems appropriate to up- ture; the document section which has a col- date the 1944 article. lection of 350,000 government research re- - At that time, the library had a floor area of ports (one-third of which are classified) ; and 9,000 square feet, a staff of eight, a collection a bibliography section which is responsible . of 12,000 bound volumes, subscriptions to for the preparation of serial bibliographies - 200 periodical titles, a current awareness and the library's current awareness tools. The tool ~ublishedtwice a month. and we bor- pattern of interlibrary loan has completely rowed so many more items than we loaned reversed itself and we now lend twice as that the librarian said the term for this op- much material as we borrow. We subscribe eration should more properly be interlibrary to 1,800 technical journals, approximately borrowing instead of interlibrary loan. We one-third of which are foreign. served seven scientific divisions engaged in In 1964, the library started an automation the research program at the Laboratory. program which would relieve the staff of The Naval Research Laboratory is now many of its clerical operations and ultimately referred to as the Corporate Laboratory of expedite and improve services to our patrons. the Navy and is organized into two major wehave a computer-produced journal hold- departments, the Research Department and ings list for the main library and a compa- the Support Services Department. A director rable list for our branch library at the Office of research and three associates head the re- of Naval Research. Other operations now search program. Under their direction are six- machine controlled are renewal of journals, teen scientific divisions: applications research, distribution of NRL reports and the library's electronics, radar, radio, sound, electronic current awareness tools, circulation of books warfare, chemistry, mechanics, metallurgy, and journals, overdue notices, and inventory solid state, atmosphere and astrophysics, op- of secret documents. Programs at various tical physics, ocean sciences and engineering, stages of completion are subject authority nuclear physics, plasma physics, and under- lists for books and documents and an auto- water sound reference division. All other mated order procedure for reports on micro- - divisions are under the direction of a Navy fiche from the Defense Documentation Cen- Captain, the Director of Support Services. ter. Long-range plans include a book catalog The Laboratory's Director is Capt. James C. in three parts: author, subject, and title; an Matheson, USN, who reports to the Chief of anticipation file for journal check-in proce- Naval Research, Rear Admiral T. B. Owen, dures; and acquisition and cataloging of USN. A total of 3,300 employees work at books. The Naval Research Laboratory has a the Laboratory, approximately 1,130 of large-scale computer which lends itself to whom are scientific and technical personnel. the operation of an information retrieval As the Laboratory's research program has system and a selective dissemination of in- expanded and embraced more fields of inter- formation program based on interest profiles esf and research, the library has likewise of scientists at the Laboratory. Our long- grown in collection, staff, and services and range plans include the development of such has endeavored to keep up with the so-called a system. explosion of scientific literature. The library has recently acquired a micro- At present, our floor area is 20,000 square fiche reader, a reader-printer and microfiche feet, and we have a staff of forty, fifteen of copying equipment. Additional readers will Planning for the new library: left to right, Mrs. Doris P. Baster, deputy librarian; R. J. Zampell, chairman, Naval Research Laboratory's Building Program; LaVera A. Morgan, head librarian; and Dr. James E. Skipper, consultant for planning the proposed new library. be located in strategic locations in the Lab- our shop people built a model table repre- oratory for convenient use by our patrons. By senting 65,000 square feet and library furni- the end of 1967 research reports acquired ture to scale. Several plans have been set up and circulated to our patrons will be on mi- and photographed for comparative purposes crofiche rather than hard copy. The reader- in reaching a final decision for floor plan and printer located in the library will convert the functional arrangement. A formal program microfiche to hard copy when required. The of requirements has been written by the li- advantages of this system will be to get re- brarian and evaluated by a consultant who ports to our users more quickly, save staff was employed to work with her in formulat- time now required to charge and discharge ing requirements. It is hoped that construc- material, and eventually help solve the space tion will start in the early seventies with oc- problem. Seventy-five per cent of our report cupancy one year later. acquisitions will be on microfiche. Our dream for the future is to occupy a The Laboratory has a building program to new building, complete our program of replace out-moded and inadequate facilities mechanizing clerical functions, have an ac- with new buildings. Included in the program tive microfiche program, and develop an in- are plans for a new library building of 65,- formation retrieval and selective diss-mina- 000 square feet, providing for fifteen years tion of information program compatible with growth. During the past four years, the li- other systems in the country, so that we can brarian has visited twenty-four newly erected hook up with them and have quick access to libraries and has complete dossiers on each all scientific information in the disciplines library visited showing good features as well our research program embraces. as major mistakes and pitfalls to avoid. To LAVERAA. MORGAN,Librarian assist the librarian in estimating required Naval Research Laboratory space for all operations and service areas, Washington, D. C. Second IATUL Seminar Held in Delft

HIS IS a report on the second annual Sem- contributions of the library budget of its Tinar on International Library Methods members. Five thousand dollars is the small- and Techniques sponsored by the Interna- est and seventeen thousand the largest con- tional Association of Technological University tribution. At present the Center has twenty- Libraries. The Seminar was held in Delft, seven members and two and a half million the Netherlands, September 4-9, 1967. volumes; it expects to expand to seventy Twenty-two librarians and thirteen lec- members and seven and a half million vol- turers representing fifteen countries and umes within two or three years. three continents assembled in the beautiful While Mr. Williams described a success- modern library of the Technical University ful venture in library cooperation between of Delft to discuss ways and means to comparatively few libraries-located within a improve the dissemination of information reasonable distance from each other, G. A. throughout the world. Hamel, director of the European Translation Gordon Williams, director of the Center Centre (ETC) reported on a highly success- of Research Libraries, which is the successor ful example of cooperation on an interna- of the Midwest Interlibrary Center, described tional scale. the purposes and activities of his organiza- The idea for the foundation of ETC in tion. The Center was established by ten large 1960 originated in the United States, and its university libraries for the purpose of acquir- growth was stimulated by close cooperation ing and housing infrequently used library with the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific materials. Mr. Williams pointed out that it and Technical Information and with the costs 15 cents per year to house a volume; Translations Center of Special Libraries As- thus, participating libraries save a lot of sociation in Chicago. To facilitate a close money by sending their infrequently used cooperation ETC has adopted the descriptive volumes to the Center. The Center keeps cataloging system and the rules for translit- only one copy of each item and lends what- eration used in these two translations centers ever it has, with the exception of too fragile of the United States. materials. The Center also acquires seldom At present ETC concentrates its interest used material and has, for example, a collec- on translations in the fields of natural sci- tion of foreign dissertations which at present ence and technology from Slavic into Western includes 600,000 titles. languages. This might eventually change to Mr. Williams urged librarians to reverse embrace the social sciences too. ETC is an their present policy of spending great information center for and a provider of amounts of money for anticipated needs, and translations. It also has a list of translators. concentrate instead on existing needs by buy- ETC is located in the excellently equipped ing enough copies for adequate service. The Technical Universitv of Delft: this fact con- result of the present policy is that a patron tributes greatly to its success, since the wealth has only a 45 per cent chance of getting a of the library provides the Centre with the book even when the library possesses the bibliographic tools which it needs for its book. Often his chances of getting it are work, and with the technical facilities which better if the library must borrow it from an- make fast service ~ossible.National transla- other library. Mr. Williams considers the tions centers collect translations from all speed of access less important than the possi- sources, government, industrial and private, bility of access. Libraries should be so or- in their respective countries and relay this ganized that they can provide whatever a pa- information to ETC which maintains a card tron needs within a very short time. They file of all translations which come to its at- should have bibliographic access to the world's tention. At present ETC has access through literature, which can include teletype access its files to 600,000 translations, and possesses to a great bibliographic center, and access to 115,000 in film strips housed in little square the literature itself through interlibrary loan. boxes, or in microfiche. About seventy thou- The Center is maintained by 1.5 per cent sand titles are added to the card file yearly 720 ' and some twenty thousand items are acquired he foresaw difficulties in introducing success- either through purchase, gift, or exchange. fully this type of entry, which is foreign Fourteen West European countries, the to catalogers abroad, and which lends itself United States, Canada, and Israel are at pres- to so many different interpretations. ent members of the Centre which is financed The discussion disclosed widespread scep- by a 70 per cent contribution from the Dutch ticism about the wisdom of accepting the . government. The remaining 30 per cent are corporate author entry. It is regretiablL that, borne by the members. thanks to American pressure, European cata- Discussions with the All-Union Institute logers are forced to introduce a cataloging for Scientific and Technical Information of principle whose value is highly debatable- U.S.S.R. are under way to establish whether to say the least-and which created far more an exchange of Chinese and Japanese trans- problems in cataloging than it solved. lations into Russian made at the Institute L. L. Ardern, deputy librarian of the Uni- - would be a worthwhile undertaking. The versity of Strathclyde, discovered in 1935 Centre traces translations without charge and that the first microphotograph in the world makes photocopies at cost. Since 1967 it pub- was produced in Manchester a few hundred lishes World Index of Scientific Translations, yards from the Manchester Central Library a quarterly checklist of periodical articles where he worked. This aroused his interest with annual cumulations. in reprography and he followed its develop- Dr. H. Beutler, director of the European ment closely. Mr. Ardern predicted that the office of AUPELF (Association des univer- Caps-Jefree MIDAS (micro-imaged data sit& partiellement ou entikrement de langue addition system) which was invented in the franpise) described the activities of his in- United Kingdom will lead to paperless of- stitution which links approximately fifty to fices and will revolutionize library techniques. sixty universities all over the world which The machine costs 6,000 pounds and can re- use the French language. The Institute de- cord at intervals of days if necessary up to

velo~edI a chea~microfilm and microfiche seventy-two documents on a 4 x 6 micro- reader, which soon will be on the market fiche. When this technique is perfected schol- and which will make it possible even to the ars will be able to build their own micro- poorest university to acquire micro copies of fiche libraries and keep them up to date by library materials from AUPELF for its pa- adding new information to a fiche whenever trons. In the discussion Dr. Beutler admitted necessary. Mr. Ardern wondered what hap- that the development of the Murayscope (the pened to a similar machine which was field- trade name of the new reader) was not an tested in John Crerar Library successfully objective necessity since other good and eighteen months ago but of which nothing chean readers were on the market. but na- was heard anvmore. tional pride insisted on a French reader. Mr. Ardern recommended the purchase of Peter Brown, Keeper of Catalogues of the Hawken's Copying Method Mama1 as the Bodleian Library, regretted the fact that best book on reprography, and the News- "shared cataloging" at present was a wholly letter from Hatfield College which evaluates one-way road which benefits chiefly the Li- all new microcopying and reading devices. brary of Congress but not English libraries; By becoming a member of the National Re- he expressed the hope that this situation prographic Centre for Documentation (an- might change when MARC becomes opera- nual dues eight pounds) one receives all tional. their publications free (address: The Secre- A. L. van Wesemael from the Library of tary, NRC, Hatfield College of Technology, the University of Utrecht, a delegate of College Lane, Hatfield, Herts., Great Brit- ICCP (International Conference on Catalog- ain). One hundred shillings will buy the ing Principles) gave a brief report about the Nezusletter without membership. Mr. Ardern Paris Conference of 1961. He spoke about also recommended the purchase of the Zn- the difficulties in adjusting the different ternational Directory of Micrographic Egzrip- cataloging traditions to a single set of rules ment 1967 by Jack Rubin (International and seemed rather disconcerted about the Micrographic Congress, 13388 Hammons acceptance of the "corporate author" entry; Ave., Saratoga, California) and a subscription to National Micro-New (official journal system called Bibliophonesystem. The patron of the National Microfilm Association, Office dials the booknumber on a phone. Lights ap- of Publication, P.O. Box 386 Annapolis, pear in the stacks which lead the stack Maryland 21404) as being important for all assistant to the book. He drops the book in libraries. a "sparachute," in which the book spirals Mr. Ardern sees no signs of a "settling down. If the book is not available a minus down." Newer and newer machines are be- sign will appear on the telephone board. ing introduced, often very little different Union lists are a prerequisite for efficient from each other. He recommended the pro- national and international library service. motion of the use of microfiche at reductions Mr. T. Nielsen, chief of the Copenhagen 15 to 20x plus "add-on" facility; the publica- University Library, and an expert on union tion of important big works at high reduc- lists, called our attention to the great diffi- tions: and the momotion of facsimile trans- culties which the organization of union lists mission. He also suggested the introduction on a grand scale encounters. Even the deci- of one standard order form among libraries, sion whether to make classified lists or author ' free exchange of microcopies, or at least lists is wrought with great difficulties. He yearly accounting among libraries which do hopes that the computer will solve some of . much business with each other. the problems. Dr. van der Wolk, director of the Delft Mrs. Hillboe from the Swedish Patent Technological University Library, was re- Office gave a witty and informative speech on sponsible for the organization of the Semi- the intricacies of patent literature, the gist of nar. He urged us to apply modern techniques which was that one has to work with patents - within the library and to have teletype con- to learn about them. She gave us a valuable . nections with all other libraries. An interna- short bibliography of the most important tional network of teletvpe communications sources of patent literature. J 1 should be used for interlibrary loans, refer- K. H. Roberts, programme specialist of ence service, and all other communications the newly organized Department of Libraries, from library to library. The Delft Techno- Documentation and Archives, UNESCO, logical Library is connected by teletype with Paris, elucidated the complicated organization Washington, Japan, and, of course, with all of UNESCO. With a budget of $61,000,000, major libraries of Europe. The Library in UNESCO tries to help 120 nations to intro- Delft maintains a complete photographic duce or improve library services. The lack of and printing establishment and is capable of qualified librarians in many countries makes filling any library request on microfiche. the training of librarians a very important Dr. van der Wolk suggested that complete activitv of UNESCO. photographic and reprographic equipment Library services must be planned with and connection to the international teletype special regard for the conditions in each par- network should be a part of every library's ticular country. The division will try to prove that there is a direct relationship between the eaui~mentI I todav. The Telecode and the In- ternational Telex Directory can be purchased availability of library service and economic from IATUL (13 Vine Court Road, Seven- growth and development. He recommended oaks, Kent, England for two pounds, two the March-April 1967 issue of UNESCO's shillings). Dr. van der Wolk considers tele- Library Bulletin which contains an article type communication the most efficient and by C. V. Penna on "Planning Library Serv- cheapest way of communication even within ices," and Paul Avicenne's Les Services Bib- an institution. The average cost per outgo- liographiques duns le Monde, I9GO-19G4, ing message for the Delft Library is about which is due for publication this year. ten cents.- Although the cost varies from A. Thompson, Secretary of IFLA, lin- country to country, teletype saves so much guist and experienced librarian, author of time and labor that it should pay for itself ~ibmy~uildin~s of Brilain and Europe, in any country. Delft handles approximately Butterworth, 1963, spoke about the ways by eighty requests daily. which to acquire expertise in library build- Dr. van der Wolk invented and intro- ings. He deplored the fact that library lit- duced in his library an ingenious circulation erature on buildings is seldom evaluative, and that indexing periodicals offer only a the field of automation. A little booklet The bewildering array of bibliographical refer- Inside of Books, which Mr. Sicking gave us, ences. gives insight into the work of the Centre and He recommended Metcalf's Planning ACU- explains its success. The library on automatic demic and Research Libraries as a wonder- information processing was started in 1959 fully detailed classic which unfortunately with six books; today it is the largcst library lacks illustrations and Ellsworth's Plunning on automation in Western Europe. It dis- of College und University Libraries as an seminates knowledge on automatic informa- excellent book which deals with the process tion processing through research and pub- of planning. lications, through instruction, biblicgraphies, Only constant collaboration between a and a card file which contains abstracts of knowledgeable librarian and an experienced books and periodical articles filed according architect can assure a successful building. Ac- to a classification system developed by the cording to Mr. Thompson the new library of Centre. In cooperation with other libraries it St. Louis University has developed the mod- publishes the monthly periodical Literature ern tendency of open shelves to a science. on Automution which abstracts in three lan- IFLA maintains a list of experts on li- guages all the worthwhile literature in the brary buildings in different countries. This field. list can be obtained from Mr. Jean BAton Mr. Bagley, from Hatfield College of (c/o Secretariat of IFLA). Architecture Technology, spoke on "Organizaticn and d'Az/jourdhui devoted its December 1966,' Management." He reorganized the library of January 1967 issue to new library buildings. Hatfield College by employing system anal- Volumes 13, 1963, no. 1 and vol. 15, 1965, ysis. Since the cost-benefit ratio is not the of Libri contain important articles on library decisive factor in library service it would be buildings. hazardous to employ an organization and C. van Dijk, a Dutchman with very management expert who is accustomed to varied library experience and chairman of use cost-benefit ratio as a measuring rod of ISO/TC 46, stressed the importance of efficiency. Therefore, it is important that standardization and the necessity for librar- either the librarian himself learn system anal- ians to keep abreast of developments in this ysis or have one member of his staff trained field. Each library should possess a complete for 0 and M. A great library should be or- set of international standards, should partici- ganized along scientific lines. pate in formulating standards, and should Each lecturer provided us with valuable use them. At the Moscow Conference of IS0 descriptive material and with the most im- it was decided to study the feasibility of as- portant bibliographies for the topic of his signing a book number to each book in order lecture. Each speech was followed by a lively to facilitate indentification, purchase, and discussion which usually continued during cataloging. lunch, which we took as a group either in No library conference today would be the Library or in a nearby restaurant. complete without a discussion of system anal- Our Dutch hosts went out of th-ir way to ysis and automation. Mr. L. M. C. J. Sicking, make our stay not only intellectually reward- head of the Library and Documentation De- ing but also as agreeable as human warmth, partment of the Netherlands Automatic courtesy and meticulous attendance to our Information Processing Research Centre in physical comfort could make it. Amsterdam (Stadhouderslaan 6), provided It was evident in this Seminar that for us with a short state-of-the-art review; the better or for worse, American librarianship gist of it was that automation of library man- exercises a strong influence on librarianship agement is a necessity due to the shortage of throughout the world ; but it was also evident labor. Automation of content retrieval is still that there is much that we could learn from very far off; the KWIC Index cannct be ac- Europe. cepted as a true retrieval system since it is too MARGITKRAFT, Head superficial for that. Mr. Sicking recommended Science Library of Paul Klapper Library the latest edition of Aslib's Handbook of Queens College of the City University of Speclal Librdridmhi~as very informative in New York Have Yon Heard . . . Four SLAers Named to ALA Advisory books, including a rare tract, The English Committee Physician, printed in 1707, and the conven- A number of outstanding educators, librar- ience of computerized library information ians, and other professional leaders, includ- service. Three local Brooklyn hospital li- ing four members of SLA, have been named braries will have access to this facility through to serve as an Advisory Committee to the terminals located in their buildings. American Library Association's Office for Library Education. SLAers are Lester E. On-the-job Training Courses Asheim, ALA staff liaison; Verner W. The U.S. Ofice of Education (USOE) has Clapp, formerly president of the Council selected System Development Corporation on Library Resources ; Dr. Jean Lowrie, head, (SDC) to design a series of on-the-job train- Department of Librarianship, School of ing courses to improve the working skills of . Graduate Studies, Western Michigan Univer- library personnel. The training program will sity and Raynard C. Swank, dean of the be designed to better prepare library person- - School of Librarianship, University of Cali- nel in all types of libraries effectively to meet fornia at Berkeley. The Committee replaces the increasing demands on library services. the Commission on National Planning for The $184,673 project, supported by USOE - Library Education, which reassesses the needs and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, calls of American libraries and makes recom- for design and development of a series of mendations appropriate to these needs for training courses to be conducted over a the selection, education ; utilization of library twenty-month period. personnel. Library Binding Institute Scholarship Medical Research Library of Brooklyn Award The three-thousand-volume Medical Research The Library Binding Institute is now accept- Library of Brooklyn, New York, the coun- ing applications for its $1,000 scholarship try's fifth largest medical library, was dedi- award for 1968, which is administered by cated at the State University of New York the Library Education Division of ALA. Downstate Medical Center in Brooklyn, No- Eligible are graduates, undergraduates, and vember 7. The Library, which combines one librarians, who are engaged in work in a of the oldest collections in the United States special area of research through a library with one of the latest computer library in- school. Applications must be received by formation systems, resulted from the merger January 15. For an application form write of two Brooklyn medical institution libraries, to: Frederic J. O'Hara, Chairman, Scholar- the Academy of Medicine of Brooklyn and ship and Awards Committee, ALA Library the Downstate Medical Center. It becomes Education Division, Graduate Library School, the third largest medical school library in Long Island University, P.O. Greenvale, the country. Actual transfer to Downstate of Long Island, N. Y. 11548. the Academy's collection of books, mono- graphs, and periodicals, valued at $2,500,- 000, started in 1965 and is expected to Cal Fellowships and Assistantships continue through the 1967-68 academic year, The University of California at Berkeley according to Mrs. Helen Kovacs, director of School of Librarianship and Institute of Li- libraries at Downstate and a member of SLA. brary Research has announced the following Also taking part in the ceremony were SLAers fellowships and research assistantships for Scott Adams, deputy-director of the Na- 1968-69: Study leading to the PH.D. or D.L.S. tional Library of Medicine in Bethesda, degrees ; Higher Education Act Fellowships ; Maryland, who is President of the Medical two University Fellowships; eight Research Library Association, and Wesley Draper, Assistantships. For study leading to M.L.S. Academy librarian at Downstate. The Library degree : Higher Education Act Fellowships ; will offer a combination of fine, old medical one Scholarship; and nine Research Assist- antships. These awards range from $600 to in the United States during the period $5,000. Interested applicants should write to 1935-65. the Dean, School of Librarianship, Univer- INDIANASTATE LIBRARY has granted $30,000 sity of California, Berkeley, California 94720. to support a research project to test the feasibility of applying SDI (Selective Dissem- GRANTS ination of Information) to small public li- Council on Library Resources Grants Four braries. Charles H. Davis and Peter Hiatt of Indiana University will establish reader Recipients of recent Council on Library Re- interest profiles based on the Dewey Classi- sources grants include: THEAMERICAN LI- fication scheme. These profiles will serve as BRARY ASSOCIATION'Snewly-established In- the basis for search logic to be used in con- forn~ationScience and Automation Division junction with a computer program. (ISA) which, as the result of the $21,009 grant, will begin publication of a quarterly THE NATIONAL AGRICULTURALLIBRARY Jo~umlof Zzformation Science azd Library has announced a grant of $134,996 to the Automatio~z.The Council will assist publica- University of Pittsburgh on behalf of the tion of the journal for the first three years. Interuniversity Communications Council No date has been set for the start of pub- (EDUCOM) for the support of research lication. The journal, limited to substantive entitled "National Agricultural Library-Land materials, is planned to allow librarians to Grant Institution Information Network." look at the literature as a whole, and to encourage a systems approach to automation. It COMING EVENTS nrill be available to nonmembers of the ISA THETHIRD LIBRARY HISTORY SEMINAR will Division on a subscription basis. THE LI- be held February 8-10 at Florida State Uni- BRARY OF CONGRESSreceived a $2,000 grant versity, Tallahassee. It is jointly sponsored for duplication of two machine-readable files by Florida State University's Library School, of cataloging information, to enable sale History Department, and Strozier Library, and distribution of either on magnetic tapes. and by the l0zlYndl of Library History and The first file presently being made available the American Library History Round Table, is a 1,200-foot sample magnetic tape con- Registration fee for the Seminar is $12, in- taining cataloging records from the Library's cluding a banquet. Four travel scholarships MARC 9 Machine-Readable Cataloging for- will be granted to qualified students. Papers mat. The second file to be made available are invited on the subjects of Library Begin- consists of a set of three magnetic tapes, nings, Library Media, Library Relationships. 2,400 feet each, used to print the seventh For reservations, applications for student edition of the List of Szlbject Headings Used scholarships and further information write in the Dictionmy Catalogs of the Library of Third Library History Seminar, Library Congress. THESCHOOL OF LIBRARIANSHIP School, Florida State University, Tallahassee, AND ARCHIVES,University College, London, Florida 32306. England, received a $7,000 grant from CLR THEDREXEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY for the preparation of a catalog for library GRADUATESCHOOL OF LIBRARYSCIENCE materials in Hindi, which has yet to be estab- CONFERENCEWORKSHOP AND SPECIAL lished in India or elsewhere today. This proj- COURSESschedule for 1967-68 includes: ect will benefit not only Indian libraries, but Data Processing in School Libraries Confer- several large libraries in the United States, ence at the Sheraton Hotel, Philadelphia, Canada, and England, that have major collec- March 28-30; Seminar in Academic Library tions in Hindi and related languages. A Administration (place undecided), May $1,000 grant to THE SOCIE~OF AMERICAN 13-17; Church and Synagogue Library Asso- ARCHIVISTSwill assist in the publication of a ciation Conference at the Bellewe-Stratford volume of professional papers on archives Hotel, May 27-29; Eighth Annual School and record center buildings and equipment. Librarianship Workshop: Library Materials The selected papers relate to the program- in Science, Bellevue-Stratford Hotel, July ming, planning, and functional equipment 7-19; Regional Workshop on Performing of archives and record center buildings built Arts Librarianship, Warwick Hotel, Septem- ber 19-20; Fifth Seminar in Synagogue head of the Business Information Depart- Librarianship, Drexel Campus, October 1- ment of the Cleveland Public Library. November 5; Institute on Hospital Librar- JAMESL. CRAIGof the Yale University staff ianship (place undecided), October 21-25. was recently promoted from assistant to the For further information contact Margaret university librarian and associate university Warrington, Administrative Assistant, at the librarian to the position of assistant head, School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104. Catalogue Department, University Library. - THE HOSPITALLIBRARIANS' SECTION OF In this capacity, Mr. Craig will assist in prob- ' THE ASSOCIATIONOF WESTERNHOSPITALS lems of administration, management, recruit- will hold its annual convention in Portland, ment and introduction of computer-based - Oregon, in April 1968. Portland librarians cataloging procedures with first emphasis on and others interested in the promotion of the sciences. hospitaI libraries are invited to attend the AGNESCRAWFORD, head, U.S. Army Library planning meeting on behalf of the officers of Service, Washington, D. C., was a member the Hospital Librarians' Section. The meet- of a survey team which toured U.S. Army - ing is tentatively set for Monday, April 22. library installations in Europe, November 20- . December 9. The tour, which was requested THE UNIVERSITYOF MARYLANDLIBRARY by the European Theatre, was made princi- ADMINISTRATORS'SECOND ANNUAL DEVEL- pally in Germany, Austria, and Italy. The OPMENT PROGRAMwill be held on August survey included the present state of develop- 11-23, 1968, at the University's Donaldson ment of the library installations, for the pur- Brown Center, Port Deposit, Maryland. Par- pose of making recommendations for inl- ticipants will include senior administrative provement of existing facilities. personnel of large public, research, and academic libraries and school library systems. KEITH DOMS, director of Carnegie Library Under the direction of Dr. John Rizzo of the of Pittsburgh, has been elected president of School of Government and Business Admin- the newly incorporated Pittsburgh Regional istration, George Washington University, the Library Center, an organization of Pittsburgh seminar session will concentrate upon the area academic and research libraries. Other principal administrative issues which face officers of PRLC who are members of SLA senior managers in library organizations. are: Kenneth Fagerhaugh, Carnegie-Mellon, Further information can be had from the vice president; Eleanor McCann, Duquesne Library Administrator's Development Pro- University, and Dr. C. Walter Stone, Uni- gram, School of Library and Information versity of Pittsburgh, both of whom are Services, University of Maryland, College members of the executive council of PRLC. Park, Maryland 20742. DAVID G. DONOVANhas been appointed The 1968 NATIONALMICROFILM ASSOCIA- project officer of the International Relations Office of the American Library Association. TION CONVENTIONwill be held at the Con- rad Hiltcn Hotel, Chicago, Illinois, May Mr. Donovan was previously field director of 21-23, 1968. Write to Louis J. Zeh, Jr., Pro- the Library of Congress in Pakistan, where gram Chairman, 1968 NMA Convention, he served since 1965. In his new position, he Xcrox/University Microfilms, P.O. Box will work with the U.S. Agency for Interna- 1346, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106, for fur- tional Development and other government ther information. agencies in Washington, D. C. HELENFOCKE, professor of the School of MEMBERS IN THE NEWS Library Science of Case Western Reserve HAROLDBLOOMQUIST of the Harvard Medi- University, has been elected to emeritus rank cal Library has taken on an additional re- by the University's trustees. Miss Focke, a sponsibility as acting librarian of the Francis native Clevelander, holds an A.B.degree from A. Countway Library (Harvard) . the Flora Stone Mathcr College (Cleveland) and an M.A. and B.S. in library science from ALFREDABURROWS has been appointed as- WRU. Before joining the WRU faculty as sistant to Agnes Hanson (also an SLAer), associate professor, she was supervising Ii- brarian at Case, then the Case School of Ap- the Colorado academic libraries book process- plied Science. ing center feasibility study, was recently elected vice president and president-elect of MARJORIER. HYSLOPhas been chosen to fill the Colorado Library Association. Mr. Leon- the new post of director of metals informa- ard joined the University library staff earlier tion for American Society for Metals, Metals this year, having previously been with the Park, Ohio. Mrs. Hyslop had served as asso- National Bureau of Standards. ciate director of documentation. She joined the society upon graduation from Ohio State MARYA. MCNIERNEYhas been appointed University, where she majored in metallurgy, supervisor in charge of General Motors pub- in 1930. She has been editor of Review of lic relations research and libraries in New Metal Literature since its inception in 1944, York and Detroit, Michigan. Miss McNier- and continues in this capacity. In her new ney joined GM after seven years with Bache post, Mrs. Hyslop will be responsible for and Company, where she was chief librarian, the abstracting and indexing of technical in- and four years with Standard and Poor's formation in the metals field. Corporation as reference librarian. A native of Newark, New Jersey, she received her JUDITHF. KRUGhas been named director, M.L.S.degree from Columbia University. Office for Intellectual Freedom of the Amer- ican Library Association. Mrs. Krug, who ROBERTS. TANNEHILL,JR., has accepted has been research analyst with ALA's Office the new position of information scientist at for Research and Development since 1965, the Vanderbilt University Medical Center will begin her new duties on December 1. Library, Nashville, Tennessee. Mr. Tanne- She is a graduate of the University of Pitts- hill completed the basic requirements for an burgh and earned her master's degree in M.S. degree in information science at Drexel library science from the University of Chi- Institute of Technology, Philadelphia, and cago. She has done graduate work in political holds a B.A.in chemistry from the University science at both universities. of Southern Mississippi. He will work as a MARGARETM. LAWLOR,former librarian of system designer and analyst. the Jackson County Medical Library, and MARY B. YOUNG has been appointed more recently director of the Rzsearch Hos- chief, Technical Information Branch, Army pital and Medical Center Libraries, Kansas Materials and Mechanics Research Center, City, Missouri, is now librarian of St. Mar- Watertown, Massachusetts. Prior to this ap- garet's Hospital School of Nursing Library, pointment, Miss Young worked as librarian, Kansas City. Miss Lawlor has been a member Documents Section, Air Force Cambridge of SLA since 1948. Research Laboratories, Hanscom Field, Bed- LAWRENCEE. LEONARD,project director for ford, Massachusetts.

Elaine Harris Joins SLA Staff ELAINEC. HARRISbecame Publications and Public Relations Assist- ant of SLA on October 23. Miss Harris will assist Guy R. Bell, Di- rector, with Special Librnries, advertising, public relations, and publicity. Her background is in creative and editorial writing, public relations, publicity and advertising. Most recently, she was responsible in these areas for the Lighthouse, the New York Association for the Blind. Prior to that she assumed similar duties at Clairol, In- corporated. Miss Harris was educated in Massachusetts and Mount Vernon, New York. She attended both Hunter College and City Colleg: of New York, majoring in advertising and minoring in English. She is a Certified Volunteer Braille 'Transcriber for the Library of Congress. Her major interests include the fine arts and music. A student of classical ballet, Miss Harris resides in Manhattan. Offthe Press.. ,

BOOK REVIEWS The addition of a new chapter on "Report literature" fills a definite need. Here, as ASHWORTH,Wilfred, ed. Handbook of Spe- throughout the book, the requirements of the cial Libra~ianship and Information Work, American reader are taken into the fullest . Third Edition. Aslib, London, 1967. 624 p. possible consideration, but the fact remains We are bound to agree with the reviewers that all his particular pragmatic needs cannot . of the first (1955) and second (1962) editions be satisfied without overtaxing the confines of of this Handbook as to its intrinsic value. one volume. Despite that stricture, we con- This value is enhanced by the scarcity of com- sider the book indispensable for all but the prehensive systematic works in the special li- smallest special libraries; the bibliographies appended to each chapter are, by themselves, brary field. What is there besides the work , under review and Strauss?* If the definition worth the price of admission. of a "profession" includes the requirement of DR. KARLA. BAER,Chief Librarian a body of professional literature-as some National Housing Center insist-we may have a difficult time proving Washington, D. C. our claims. The new edition has retained the basic qual- Pandex. New York: Pandex, Inc., 135 West ity that would make it stand out even among 50th Street. (Yearly subscription $460, many competitors: it goes beyond the mere $390 for educational institutions.) presentation of techniques and explains lead- Pan, a word element or prefix taken from ing principles, without shying away from tak- the Greek and meaning "all" and the letters ing a stand on controversial issues. This is -dex taken from the word index, are used to particularly evident in the newly added chap- form the acronym-name of this new index. As ter on "Information retrieval." This chapter, the name implies this is a "pan" or all inclu- by the way, supersedes the one on "Catalogu- sive index, since it covers the fields of science, ing and indexing," and includes the material technology, and medicine. To do this enor- formerly found there, treating these subjects mous task, all the articles from approximately as a phase of data input. The why and where- two thousand key periodicals covering the fore of this change in the arrangement is not above fields are indexed. I have been told that explained and has remained a mystery to us. this basic list will continue to be expanded. On the other hand, the discussion of "Mechan- The coverage of the literature begins with ical aids in library work" is some three hun- calendar year 1967. The index is issued quar- dred pages removed from that of information terly, with the fourth or final quarter of the retrieval even though it includes such sub- year serving as the cumulated annual indes. headings as "Mechanical retrieval and index- Pandex claims that its annual cumulation is ing systems," "Selective dissemination of in- only a few inches thick, and this is so, since it formation," and others of a like nature. We is produced on standard 4 x 6 inch microfiche. suggest a reorganization of the matter of these Users of this index for the first quarter of the two chapters for the next edition, which we year may have been disappointed with the expect no later than 1970-due to the rapid quality of the microfiche. It had a curvature development in the field as well as to the gen- which often required the user to refocus; and eral excellence of the book. it was a negative print. This problem has been At the same time, it is only fair to say that corrected, however, since the quality of the each one of the well coordinated chapters may microfiche I received for the second quarter be considered a monograph that is complete is excellent; and it is a positive print. in itself and may be perused to advantage in- The arrangement of the index on the fiche dependently of the rest of the book: e.g. few allows easy usage. Each fiche has twenty-seven reference librarians-even experienced ones- columns of indes entries, and each column will fail to benefit from studying C. W. Han- has a "header" term on the top line. Searching son's "Subject inquiries and literature search- is reduced to a simple procedure; the searcher ing." simply scans the header terms at the tops of the columns, then proceeds vertically down the * Scientific and Techtzical Libraries; their or- desired column. The index itself is issued in ganization and administration, by Lucille J. two parts, a subject index and an author in- Strauss and others. Interscience Publishers, New dex. The author index contains entries for all York, 1964. secondary as well as primary authors. A11 author names are printed in upper-case letters found in the titles of the articles indexed to aid scanning. A main author entry provides serves as the subject word most useful in de- the following information: all secondary au- scribing the concept common to all the arti- thors, title, journal coden, volume number, cles listed below it. For instance, the word issue (if a weekly), and starting page. A sec- "cow" might be found as a subject word. Be- ondary author entry provides a cross reference neath this subject word entries would be to the main author. The title and other pos- found which might or might not have the sible secondary authors are omitted. This word cow in the title. Entries not having cow omission of the title, however, still allows the in the title would still be found here, how- user to go directly to the shelves after con- ever, since they might have used conceptually sulting a secondary author entry since the related words such as cattle or bovine in the journal title and article paging are given. title. True synonymous words are also found Entries in the subject index provide the fol- together. Thus, articles using tungsten or lowing bibliographic information: full title, wolfram in the title are all found together in primary author only, journal coden, volume, the section under tungsten, with a cross ref- issue (if a weekly), and starting page. A full erence from wolfram. title in context is provided, but several in- Besides bringing together synonyms and teresting space saving devices have been used. words which are conceptually related, all Shortening of the title is achieved by omitting grammatical forms of these words are treated the word "the," and by using the ampersand as though they were synonymous, so they sign (&) for the word "and." In addition, the too are found together in one place. Therefore, word endings "-tion" and "-tions" are short- all singular, plural, adjectival, adverbial, or ened to -tn and -tns respectively. The user noun forms of a subject word would be will soon find, however, that these shortening treated as being synonymous; and articles hav- devices do not impair the legibility of the ing these various forms of the word in their title. Another space saving device has been titles would be found under the same subject used for reporting the periodical title. Periodi- word. Even antithetical terms such as proton cal titles are given in ASTM coden form; a and antiproton, and sexual and asexual will sheet with full titles for the journal coden is be found together. This feature may or may provided with the index. Since secondary au- not prove to be useful to the searcher. All thors are not provided in the subject index, these rules apply to foreign-language subject people citing from the index should use the words as well, since they are found together main author entries in the author index, where with their English language counterparts. complete bibliographic information is given. What a boon for people who have a limited The "subject words," in upper case for facility with foreign languages! Ample cross rapid scanning, are found at or near the edge references provide the syndetic apparatus for of the left-hand margin of the index column. the index, by directing the searcher from syn- In using the index one simply scans down the onyms and conceptually related terms to the column through the subject words as in a authoritative subject word. Besides being time- KWIC-type index. To aid in the scanning saving devices, all the above features preclude process very often secondary words are also the possibility of the user forgetting to look emphasized. When a meaningful secondary for useful subject words and assure him of a word follows the subject word, it is printed in comprehensive search. upper case letters. Occasionally, a meaning- Most recently I received notification of a ful secondary word preceding the subject new service offered by Pandex which should word is printed in upper case letters. This use be of interest to companies and institutions of secondary words to the left and right of the with SDI programs. Starting on November 15, subject word gives added depth to the subject Pandex magnetic tapes generated on an IBM word while one is scanning. 360 computer in either 7 or 9 track format, The subject index is a hybrid between a and in either BCDIC or EBCDIC configura- KWIC-type index and a manually produced tion will be available on a weekly basis at a index employing subject headings. Both a subscription rate of $4,000 a year. This cost computer and humans were used in the in- will include search programs and full docu- dexing process. This marriage of the computer mentation. and the human indexer has produced an in- Another notification has indicated the en- teresting and distinctive indexing scheme. Each larging of the scope of Pandex in the new new subject in the index is indicated by broken year. Plans are under way to add to the index lines which flank a subject word (in upper all English-language books published in sci- case) in the centre of the index column. This ence technology, and medicine (approximately "subject word" which may, or may not, be 6,000 titles a year). These books will be indexed manually, and an average of eight to answer specific queries on all translations, ten subject terms will be assigned to each both Government-sponsored and non-Govern- title. The following bibliographic information ment-sponsored. will be supplied: author(s), title and subtitle, publisher, edition, pagination, LC card number, price, and indication if a paperback. This The 3 R's Program Report coverage of English language books will begin The 3 R's Program: Meeting Industry's Infor- on January 1, 1968. mational Needs, a report to the Division of Pandex, an interdisciplinary index with very Library Development, New York State Li- broad subject coverage, can serve to comple- brary, has been published by the Arthur D. ment the large subject-oriented abstracting and Little consulting firm. Its purpose is to pro- indexing tools such as Chemical Abstracts or vide ideas and guidelines for strengthening the Biological Abstracts. It cannot, however, com- 3 R's program. Members of the Advisory pete with the depth of these larger tools. If Committee for this study were SLAers: Ed- you are looking for a quick interdisciplinary ward A. Chapman, librarian, Rensselaer approach to the whole range of scientific, tech- Polytechnic Institute; Joseph P. Desmond, li- nical, and medical periodical literature, then brarian, Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory; Pandex may be for you. To do this difficult Elizabeth Ferguson, librarian, Institute of Life job and still remain competitive in price Insurance; Eugene B. Jackson, director, In- ($460, $390 for educational institutions) a formation Retrieval & Library Services, IBM machine-produced index on microfiche had to Corporation; Dr. Russell Shank, Smithsonian be devised. While the use of microfiche as the Institution, and Bill M. Woods, formerly ex- media for the index may serve as a deterrent ecutive director, SLA. The supply of this pub- to purchase by some, it should not. Microfiche lication is limited and copies will be available as a means of information transfer is daily to major research libraries. Requests for copies gaining wider acceptance. Furthermore, ever should be directed to: Program Standards and improving technology in readers and reader- Materials Section, Division of Library Devel- printers is proving microfiche to be a conven- opment, New York State Library, Albany, ient as well as compact and economic form for N. Y. 12224. the storage and retrieval of bibliographic information. HAROLDA. SIROONIAN African Affairs Science Librarian Greenwood Periodicals, Inc., New York, an- City College of the nounces a new publication, A Current Bibliog- City University of New York raphy on African Affairs, published for the African Bibliographic Center, Washington. The basic concept of the journal is to assist Termination of Technical Translations African study groups and scholars, educators and universities, specialists and students, pri- Journal vate organizations and librarians with rapid, Technical Translations, announcement journal impartial and comprehensive coverage of pub- published by the Clearinghouse for Federal lished and forthcoming materials about Af- Scientific and Technical Information, will be rica. Special features include an annotated discontinued after December 1967 (Vol. 18, book review section, commentary section; No. 12, dated December 30, 1967). Beginning forthcoming publications section. It is said to in 1968, all U.S. Government-sponsored tech- be the only publication of its kind for area nical translations will be announced in the studies. Requests for subscriptions should be Clearinghouse announcement journal, U.S. directed to: Greenwood Periodicals, Inc., 211 Government Research 6 Development Re- East 43rd Street, New York, N. Y. 10017. ports. The first issue announcing these trans- Cost is $20 per year for twelve issues. One lations will be Vol. 68, No. 1, dated January dollar additional for foreign subscriptions. Sin- 10, 1968. After December 30, translations not gle issues will be sold at $2.25. sponsored by U.S. Government agencies will not be announced by the Clearinghouse. These New Edition of Biomedical Titles translations are now announced in both the Translations Register-Index published by SLA The Suny Biomedical Communication Net- Translations Center, and in the ETC Qzlarterly work announces the publication of the second Index published by the European Translations edition of the Suny Union List of Serials. Centre. The Clearinghouse will continue to The one-thousand-page volume, ready for dis- provide reference information and attempt to tribution December 4, contains entries for more than 25,000 periodical titles which are partment, 50 East Huron Street, Chicago, Illi- held by the sixty libraries in the State Uni- nois 60611. versity of New York. Also included is information about titles held by the libraries of New Electronics Abstracts Journal the City University of New York, and other Electronics Abstracts Journal, a new publica- state libraries such as Roswell Park Memorial tion devoted to the theory, properties, and use Institute in Buffalo and the State Medical Li- of electronic devices and circuits, has been brary in Albany. Entries are in direct title announced by Cambridge Communications, format. Information given includes the hold- publishers of solid-state, computer, and elec- ings statements, cross references from cor- tronics abstracts. Special features of the jour- porate bodies, and information tracing the nal will include coverage of government re- history of a title which has changed its name. search reports, conference proceedings, patents, The titles cover all subjects with the excep- books, and dissertations as well as the world- tion of law. Copies are available at $25 each. wide periodical literature; informative abstracts Orders should be sent to the Upstate Medical prepared, edited, classified and indexed by a Center, 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, New trained staff of scientists and engineers; or- York 13210. ganization with extensive cross references, and subject, source and author indexes. Subscrip- Technological Forecasting tion and other information should be directed A new scientific journal in the field of tech- to Geoffrey Knight, Jr., President, Cambridge nological forecasting and the interrelation be- Communications Corp., 238 Main Street, Cam- tween the social and environmental conditions bridge, Massachusetts 02142. of new technological advances will be published by American Elsevier Publishing Com- John Crerar Library Catalogs pany of New York. The new journal, which Individual sections of the Classified Subject will begin publication in 1968, will be devel- Catalog of the John Crerar Library, Chicago, oped with leading editors from the areas of will be published by the G. K. Hall Co. of government, industry, and the academic world. Boston. Catalogs include: A~lthor-Title Cata- Methodology of forecasting will be one con- log, thirty-five volumes; Classified Subject cern of the new journal. Social and environ- Catalog (including Subject Index), forty-two mental changes resulting from these new volumes; Subject Index to the Classified Sub- technological advances will be explored in ject Catalog, one volume. Descriptive material depth. For technical reasons English will be on the catalogs, including prices and informa- the primary language, although contributions tion on the thirty-four individual sections, is in other languages will be considered. For available on request to G. K. Hall & Co., 70 further information about the new publication, Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111. write American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017. SLA AUTHORS ASHEIM, Lester. The View from ALA: The Library Manpower Office for Library Education. D.C. Libraries, vol. 38, no. 4, Fall 1967, p. 67-9. Library Manpower: Needs and Utilization, HAGLE,Alfred D. The Large Print Revolution. the proceedings of a special conference on li- Library Journal, vol. 92, no. 16, Sept. 15, 1967, brary manpower held in Washington in the p. 3008-10. spring of 1966, is now available from the STERNBERG,Virginia A. et al. A Bibliography American Library Association. Edited by Dr. on Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Aspects Lester Asheim, director, Office of Library Edu- of Nuclear Reactors. 1st ed., 2 vols., Clearing- cation, and an SLA member, the publication is house for Federal Scientific and Technical In- a project of the Library Administration Divi- formation, National Bureau of Standards, sion and the Office of Library Education. The U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, purpose of the conference was to identify what Va., 1967, printed or microfiche. is now being done about the problems of li- STRAIN,Paula M. Trails for Tomorrow. Living brary manpower, what needs to be done, and Wilderness, vol. 31, nos. 96-7, Spring & Sum- who can do it. The proceedings include papers mer, 1967, p. 55-9. given at the conference; summaries of group WALKER,William B. Another Part of the Ice- discussion reports results, and lists of recom- berg: Art Library Resources at the Smith- mendations for action. Copies are available at sonian Institution. D.C. Libraries, vol. 38, no. $1.50 per copy from the ALA Publishing De- 4, Fall 1967, p. 70-5. RECENT REFERENCES Italian, Spanish, Dutch and German. The Glossary is the result of extensive search work by a team Cataloging and Classification of trained professional interpreters and translators. THE UNIVERSITYOF CHICAGOPRESS. Cahdog~e The six languages are cross indexed in such a of Books and Journals, 1891-1965. Chicago and way that names of places, using any of the lan- London: The University of Chicago Press, 1967. guages as a basis, can easily be located. xxxvi, 405 p. illus., tables. $6. (L.C. 66-13859) VOLLMER,Ernst. Encyclopaedia for Hydraulics. This catalog offers a record of all books and Soils and Foundation Engineering. New York: journals that haw appeared under the imprint of American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc., 1967. the University of Chicago Press. It contains a 420 p. 518. listing of titles, authors, and editors; bibliographic This encyclopaedia treats in detail the terms details of all books and series in print; title, au- related to hydraulics, soils and foundation engineer- thor, and publication dates of out-of-print books; ing. Subjects covered are; coastal and harbor a subject listing; illustrations; and a historical in- engineering, river training and regulation, weirs troduction. Also includes a complete descriptive and dams, hydropower plants, water supply and listing of scholarly periodicals which, from the storage, and many others. beginning, have provided a channel for faster WILLIAMS,Neville, ed. Chronology of the Modern and more topical publishing than can be achieved World. New York: David McKay Company, Inc., in book form. 1967. 923 p. $12.50. A dictionary of significant events from 1763 Dictionaries and Encyclopedias through 1965 arranged by year and month and wherever possible by day of month. Is international BOORMAN,Howard L., and HOWARD,Richard C., in scope. On each left-hand page are cited the eds. Biographical Dictionary of Republican China, military and political eyents of the particular year, vol. I: AI-CH'U. New York (and London): while the right-hand page lists events relating to Columbia University Press, 1967. xv, 485 p. map. the arts and sciences. The use of such a reference $20. (L.C. 67-12006) book to the librarian or research specialist, the First volume of a projected five-volume series, copy editor, writer, student, teacher and broad- sponsored by the School of International Affairs caster are at once apparent. of Columbia University and supported by grants from the Ford Foundation. Directories CLASON,W. E., comp. Dictionary of Metallurgy. New York: American Elsevier Publishing Com- AMERICANSOCIETY OF ASSOCIATIONEXECUTIVES. pany, Inc. 1967. viii, 634 p. $25. Encyclopedia of Meeting and Convention Speakers. English/American (with definitions), French, Washington, D. C.; 1967. 112 p. photos. pap. Spanish, Italian, Dutch and German with 6714 $5 ; $2.50 to members. entries. Provides cross-keyed alphabetical indexes More than 400 speakers are listed in this first for each of the languages included. edition, dedicated to assisting the professional association executive in his selection of the finest Encyclopedia of Auditing Techniques, 2 vols. speakers for his program, for conventions, semi- Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1967. nars, and meetings of associations. Speakers have approx. 1,400 p. $39.95. been recommended and used during the past year This encyclopedia deals with audits of a great by members of the Society. The comment for each variety of business activities and organizations: speaker is provided by the editorial staff and drawn from doctor's office to department store, labor from material in the files on the speaker. The union to oil operator, two-man partnership to final section of the book indexes the speakers in highly organized and publicly owned utility. 38 broad subject areas. Members are urged to KLEIN, Bernard, and ICOLARI,Daniel, eds. Ref- submit additional information and names of new erence Encyclopedia of ihe American Indian, with speakers for inclusion in the next edition. a Special Introduction by Robert L. Bennett. New Directory of Manufacturers' Representatices York: B. Klein and Company, 1967. 536 p. $15. (Agents), 6th ed. New York: Manufacturers' Provides listings of subject related museums, Agent Publishing Co., 1967. 219 p. $25. libraries, associations, government agencies; sources Lists more than 15,000 manufacturers' domestic of visual and instructional aids, and authentic arts and export representatives in the United States, and crafts ; reservations and tribal councils ; monu- Canada and Puerto Rico. Listings are arranged ments and state parks; government publications, geographically and include the principal products newspapers, magazines and periodicals ; Indian each "rep" carries and the trading area covered. schools; related course offerings of U.S. colleges HUENEFELD,Irene Pennington. International Di- and universities; biographical sketches of living rectory of Historical Clothing. Metuchen, N. J.: Indian and non-Indian notables in Indian affairs; The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1967, x, 175 p. $5. and a 2,000-entry annotated, classified bibliography. (L.C. 67-10186) LANA, Gabriella, et al. Glossary of Geographical Lists authentic clothing of various periods and Names. New York: American Elsevier Publishing countries found in museums, art galleries, histori- Company, Inc., 1967. viii, 184 p. $10. cal societies, libraries and churches, located in 5950 geographical names in English, French, Canada, the United States, and Europe. It provides a comprehensive reference on acquisitions of casual, industrial work or study. The short course which formal, national and regional clothing; military, this book comprises will be relevant to library civil and professional uniforms; and ecclesiastical students planning careers in industry or in the vestments. commercial or technical departments of public libraries. STECKLER,Phyllis B., ed. The Bowker Annual of Library and Book Trade Information. 1967. Wyllis LECHT, Charles P. The Programmer's ALGOL. E. Wright, Consulting Editor, Sponsored by the New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1967. Council of National Library Associations, 12th ed. 252 p. illus. $8.95. New York: R. R. Bowker Company, 1967. 454 p. This highly detailed reference source on ALGOL ills. tables. $10.25; outside U.S. and Canada is arranged alphabetically. Includes a directory $11.30. (L.C. 55-12434) which aids in identifying a particular form of Yearly record of developments in the library statement or declaration as having been derived and book trade fields. New in this edition are from one of the six statements and four declara- reports on library standards for service to the tions available within ALGOL. The Appendixes blind, the status of library statistics of national include a discussion of the concept of reserved scope, and the new Federal Library Advisory identifiers, a list of mathematical functions avail- groups. Also a survey of developments in intel- able in most ALGOL compilers, a set of repre- lectual freedom. Index. sentative ALGOL programs derived from contributions to the Communications of the Association for The Standard Periodical Directory, 2d ed. New Computing Machinery, and a glossary of terms. York: Oxbridge Publishing Company, Inc., 1967. 1024 p. $25, includes a semi-annual supplement. PERRY, Robert H., ed. Engineering Manual: a Lists and describes 40,000 publications and clas- Practical Reference of Data and Methods in sifies them under 200 major subject headings. Has Architectural, Chemical, Civil, Electrical, Me- an edge index for the convenience of users in chanical, and Nuclear Engineering, 2d ed. (Mc- locating both specific field of interest and the Graw-Hill Handbook Series). New York: Mc- periodical titles in the index. Graw-Hill Book Company, 1967. 770 p. illus. $11.75. Offers in one compact volume all of the essen- Information Handling Techniques tial working concepts, tables, formulas, and facts Conzputers in Higher Education: Report of the needed to answer the questions that arise in day- President's Science Advisory Committee. Washing- to-day engineering assigments. The manual brings ton, D. C.: The White House, 1967. vi, 79 p. together the needed facts, methods, procedures, illus., tables. pap. 30c. (Order from Superintend- and recently adopted techniques in the various ent of Documents, US. Government Printing branches of engineering. Index. Office) SELYE, Hans. Symbolic Shorthand Sjstem. (Rut- The widespread use of computing in scholar- gers Series on Systems for the Intellectual Organi- ship as well as industry and government has come zation of Information, Vol. VI, edited by Susan about not because of a general enthusiasm for Artendi) . New Brunswick, N. J.: Rutgers-The computers, but because this new tool has found State University Graduate School of Library Serv- vital and increasing use in each field in which it ice, 1966. 89 p. figures. pap. $3.50. (Available has been applied. Recommends that the Federal from Rutgers University Press) Government- collect data concerning computers This volume resulting from an investigation and the jobs, personnel, and educational facilities concerned with systems for the Intellectual Organ- associated with them, making annual forecasts. ization of Information, under a grant from the HERSEE,E. H. W. A Simple Approach to Elec- National Science Foundation. The presentation of tronic Computers, 2d ed. New York: Gordon & the study was followed by a panel discussion with Breach, 1967. xi, 261 p. tables, figures. $7.50. the audience participating. The points brought out Not intended primarily for future mathemati- in the discussion are incorporated in the volume. cians and engineers. It has endeavored to keep Symbolic Shorthand System should be considered the treatment simple to be well within the grasp as a system-language of our documentation service. of anyone who is interested in modern advances and wants to know how a computer works. The additional material is largely confined to three CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING chapters. Index. Positions open and wanted-50 cents per line; HOUGHTON,Bernard, ed. Information Work To- minimum charge $1.50. Other classifieds-90 cents day, Papers presented at a Symposium for In- a line; $2.70 minimum. Copy must be received by formntion Workers held at Liverpool School of tenth of month preceding month of publication. Librnrjanship in September 1966. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books and London: Clive Bingley, 1967. POSITIONS OPEN 119 p. $4.50. Symposium of papers delivered at a conference held in Liverpool in September 1966 for informa- Ac~ursrno~sLIBRARIAN: Opportunity to plan mechanized system, develop collectivn for new tion workers in industry, with particular reference dental college, and continue development of a to newcomers in the field from other areas of collection supporting Colleges of Health Related DECEMBER1967 Professions, Medicine, Nursing, and Pharmacy. open and competitive. Rice Univ. provides ex- Library Science degree required; science library cellent fringe benefits. Information Exchange is experience desired. Salary $6,660-$9,600. Usual special merit program under State Technical Serv- fringe benefits. Send resume to Ted F. Srygley, ices Act. Requires MLS with experienced knowl- Health Center Librarian, J. Hillis Miller Health edge of literature of business and commerce, or, Center Library, University of Florida, Gainesville, business degree with strong business information Florida 32603. background. Apply: R. L. O'Keeffe, Director, R.I.C.E., Fondren Library, Rice University, Hous- ton, Texas 77001. An equal opportunity employer. CATALOGERS(LC). Eleven college libraries in beautiful Finger Lakes area beginning cooperative processing center. Learn automation while you ORLANDOPUBLIC LIBRARY has positions immedi- earn. We're moving ahead. Want to join us! ately available in the Action Center of Florida: Two positions ($7,000-$8,000 to begin) open Head of Technical Processes-Librarian IV; Li- Jan. 1968. Send resume to: Robert Schalau, Di- brarian I (no or little experience required) and rector, College Center of the Finger Lakes/Library Librarian I1 in Adult Services with special interest Center, Gen. Del. Ithaca, N. Y. 14850. in any of these areas: Business, Science and Tech- nology, Fine Arts, General Information and Refer- ence. Fifth-year library degree required. New im- CATALOGLIBRARIAN: TO catalog and supervise proved salary scale in effect. Liberal fringe the processing of all library materials in a busy benefits. Apply: Orlando Public Library, Ten biomedical library, and to actively participate in North Rosalind, Orlando, Florida 32801 an acquisitions/cataloging mechanization project. We prefer someone with a scientific background, a reading knowledge of a foreign language, some acquaintance with medical terminology, the NLM cataloging rules, classification scheme and MeSH. FOR SALE Salary: $7,000-$7,500 depending on training and experience. Apply: Estelle Brodman. Ph.D., Li- LIBRARIANS:I buy and sell scientific and scholarly brarian and Professor of Medical History, Wash- back-issues. Please submit your want lists and lists ington University School of Medicine Library, of duplicate materials you wish to sell or exchange. 4580 Scott Avenue. St. Louis, Missouri, 63110. Prompt estimates. Fred. Ludwig, Rte. 4, Box 115, Tucson, Arizona 85704. CIRCULATIONLIBRARIAN: TO supervise a busy circulation desk in an active Medical Center Li- NEW, OUT-OF-PRINTTECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC brary. Present staff consists of three full-time and BOOKS of many publishers in stock-immediate four part-time circulation clerks and one part-time delivery-price quotations upon request. Technical librarian, and two shelvers. Salary: $6,400-$7,200 and Scientific Book Center, 111 Smithfield St., depending on training and experience. Apply: Es- Pittsburgh, Pa. 15222, (412) 281-2228. telle Brodman, Ph.D., Librarian and Professor of Medical History, Washington University School of Medicine Library, 4580 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Journal of Aeronautical Sciences, volumes 1 to 15, Missouri 63110. unbound. Make bid. Mrs. G. Forman, c/o Maitan, 167 Sackville Road, Garden City. New York 11510. CLARKART INSTITUTE,Williamstown, Mass. requires a cataloguer with M.L.S. degree, background in foreign languages and history of art, to THANKS for keeping us so busy that we had no assist in the rapid development of its library in time for selecting and addressing our customary anticipation of a program of graduate study in art Season's Greetings. Please accept our heartiest history. Salary dependent on qualifications and wishes in this manner. Albert J. Ph~ebig,ABAA, experience. Apply to Michael Rinehart, Librarian. Foreign Books & Periodicals, Box 352, White Plains, N. Y. 10602.

DREXELINSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYLIBRARIES invites applications for three professional positions: 1) Head of Reference Department, 2) Li- brary Science Divisional Librarian, and 3) Serials Cataloger (assistant to Department Head). Re- quirements: ALA accredited library degree and appropriate experience. Starting salary: $7.000- $9,600, depending upon position and experience. L~beral academic vacation, retirement, and fringe benefits. Apply: Richard L. Snyder, Director of Libraries, Drexel Institute of Technology, Philn- delphia, Pennsylvania 19104.

Hundreds of Libraries-big and small-now print HEAD, BUSINESSINFORMATION SERVICESUP~T- 3 x 5 professional catalog cards and postcards (any vises the business information service of the Re- quantities) with new precision geared stencil printer gional Information and Communication Exchange- especiallydesigned for Library requirements.Buy di- a new service to western Gulf Coast business, com- rect on Five Year, Guarantee. FREE- Write TO- merce, and industry, located at and managed by DAY for description, pictures, and low direct prxce. the Fondren Library, Rice University. Salary is CARDMASTER, 1920 Sunnyside, Dept. 412, Chicago 40 Cxpert Service on MAGAZINE SUBSCRIPTIONS for SPECIAL LIBRARIES

Faxon Librarians' Guide Available on Request Sturdy-Attractive-Unique 0 LOW COST PERIODICAL For the very best subscription service AND PAMPHLET FILES ALL SIZES SAME PRICE -ask about our Till Forbidden Auto- F. 0. B. St. Louis matic Renewal plan. $3.18 per doz. any assortment desired. 12 doz. or more. $2.88 per doz. . FREE SAMPLE MAGAFILE sent upon request.You will receive it by return mail along with handy size-chart and additional details. No obligation or salesman follow-up. F. W. FAXON CO., INC. %I?kp@hd- 515-525 Hyde Park Avenue Boston, Mas. 02131 THE MAGAFILE CO. Continuous Service To Libvaries Since 1886 P. 0. BOX 3121 8 ST. LOUIS, M0. 63130

ACQUISITIONS LIBRARIAN The Library at the Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories has a requirement for an Ac- quisitions Librarian. This large technical library is a national repository for nuclear literature, and houses a substantial literature collection which includes over 31,000 books, etc. and 1,900 journals with a total of 2,566 subscriptions. Research reports currently total 182,000 with some reports on microfiches. Viewing and automatic print-out equipment are available. The successful candidate for this position will be a B.L.S. graduate. Among the duties will be the responsibility for the initial selection of books in Physics, Chemistry, Mathe- matics, Biology, Engineering, Metallurgy, etc. and periodical additions. The successful candidate will also become involved in the computer processing of periodical ordering and library loan circulations records, as well as the supervision of junior staff. The town of Deep River, located approximately seven miles from the Laboratories, is the home of our professional staff. It is situated on the Trans-Canada Highway, mid- way bttween North Bay and Ottawa. There are train, bus, and summer air service con- nections with most major centres. Recreational activities in both winter and summer are many and varied. Starting salary up to $9,000, depending on qualifications. Please write for application form, quoting FILE 11 B ATOMIC ENERGY OF CANADA LIMITED Chalk River, Ontario Professional Librarian A Professional librarian is required to assume responsibility for the combined library of the firms of Woods Gordon & Co. Management Con- sultants and darkson ~orddn& Co. Chartered Complete composition, press ~ccountents.The locdtion is in dodntown To- T ronto. and pamphlet binding facilities, cou- This is a highly-specialized professional library which contains an extensive collection of busi- pled with the knowledge and skill ness and technical books, ~eriodicals, reports. statistical data and other 'reference 'material: gained through fifty years of experi- Subjects in the management consulting area Include electronic data processing operations ence, can be put to your use-profitably research marketing manufacturing' economics personndl, etc. subiects in the accbunting area include auditing taxation, financial controls, analysis of flnandia~statements, etc. The duties of the librarian will include cata- logulng, lla~sonw~th publishers, asslstlng professional staff in research work and the development of effective information' retrieval. Clerical assistance will be provided. Applicants must THE VERMONT be universitv graduates with a B.L.S. or M.L.S. from an acireiiited Library S.chool,. and prefer- ably two to three years experience In a speclal- PRINTING COMPANY ized library that has a buslness or technical ori- entation. The salary is commensurate with qualifications and experience and reflects the senlor nature of Brattleboro, Vermont this posltlon. Replies which will be treated in strictest confidence khould state age education detailed busine;s experience and 'present salary, and should be addressed to: "Professional Librarian". PRINTERS OF THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL Woods, Gordon & Co. OF SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS 15 WELLINGTON STREET WEST TORONTO 1, CANADA

REFERENCE LIBRARIANS THE IKTERNATIONAL LABOR OFFICE, a specialized agency of the UNITED NATIONS, wishes to establish a roster of candidates for future openings of junior and senior reference librarians. These are fixed term posts (two years) at the ILO's headquarters in GENEVA, SWITZERLAND. Applicants must possess a graduate degree in librarianship or information science with undergraduate major in the social sciences; excellent knowledge of English or French with very good reading and speaking knowledge of the other; additional languages an asset; experience in economics, industrial relations or business library reference work; an understanding of co-ordinate indexing as well as an interest in working with a computer-based information network/retrieval system. Salary range $5,690 to $1 1,913, tax free, according to qualifications and experience. Various allowances (family allowances, education pant for children, repatriation grant, six weeks' annual leave, travel expenses for official and dependents on appointment and repatriation, home leave every two years for official and dependents, pension fund, sickness insurance plan, etc.). Request application form from: WASHINGTON BRANCH INTERNATIONAL LABOR OFFICE 917 15th Street, N.W. Washington, D. C. 20005 Applications will be handled in the strictest confidence. I LAWRENCE RADIATION LABORATORY

Lawrence Radiation Laboratory with over 5600 employees is located in the San Francisco Bay Area and is engaged in many phases of nuclear research. Due to expanding programs, several new openings now exist. TECHNICAL INFORMATION DEPARTMENT LIBRARY Large technical library with 400,000 research reports, 85,000 bound volumes and 1,250 periodical titles. The Library has a staff of 58. Computerized methods are operational in all areas of the Library. CURRENT OPENINGS: Literature Scientists Chemistry, Physics, Geology, Engineering, Electronics, Biology or another field of science required. Experience in technical reference, literature searching and bibliography, abstracting, indexing and data evaluation and analysis. Salary range 900-1400. Positions are also open for persons with a subject background in science. Salary range 700-950. Reference Librarians Experience in scientific/technical reference and bibliography. Fifth year Library school degree required. Salary range 800-1150. Technical Processes Librarian Staff position to the Assistant Librarian for Information Processing. Work with data processing techniques. Fifth year Library Science degree and experience in book/document/serial acquisitions and cataloging necessary. Salary range 800-1150. Benefits include 3 weeks vacation plus 10 additional paid holidays. Starting salaries are based on pertinent experience.

For further information please contact Dean Wise, Personnel Office. P.O. Box 808 69-127, Livermore, California 94550. U.S.Citizenship required. An Equal Opportunity Employer.

WP8110 8 diatio21. borator'9 IVERSllY of CALIFOR NIA SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION PUBLICATIONS *Aviation subject headings and classifica- L~terature of executive management tlon guide, 1966 ...... $6.30 (SLA Bibliography no. 5), 1963 ... 4.25 Busmess and industrial libraries in the Map collections in the U.S. and Can- United States, 1820-1940, 1965 .. 7.00 ada; a directory. 1954 . . 3.00 *A chedtlist for the organization, opera- * Mutual exchange in the scientific li- tlon and evaluation of a company brary and technical information center library. 2nd ed., 1966 . . 3.00 fields, 1967 ...... 2.00 Correlation index document series & PB National insurance organizat~onsIn the reports, 1953 ...... 10.00 United States and Canada, 1957 . . 3 50 Creation & development of an insur- Picture sources, 2nd ed., 1964 ...... 6.75 ance library, rev. ed., 1949 ...... 2.00 Source list of selected labor statistics, Dictionary of report series codes, 1962 12.75 rev. ed., 1953 ...... 2.00 Directory of business and financial serv- Sources of commodity prices, 1960 .... 5.00 ices. 1963 ...... 6.50 Sources of insurance statistics, 1965 ... 8.25 Directory of special libraries, 1953 .... 5.00 *Special libraries: a guide for manage- *German chemical abbreviations, 1966 . 6.50 ment. 1966 ...... 4.00 Guide to metallurgical information Special lihraries: how to plan and equip (SLA Bibliography no. 3), 2nd ed., them (SLA Monograph no. 2), 1963 5.55 1965 ...... 7.00 Sub)ect headings in advertising, market- Guide to Russian reference and language ing and communications media, 1964 5.95 aids (SLA Bibliography no. 4). 1962 4.25 Translators and translations: services and sources in science and technology, Handbook of scientific and technical awards in the United States and Can- 2nd ed., 1965 ...... 14.50 ada, 1900-1952, 1956 ...... 3.00 U.S. sources of petroleum and natural gas statistics, 1961 ...... 6.00 *The library: an introduction for library assistants. 1967 ...... 4.00 1.atest publications SCIENTlFlC MEETINGS-Subscription, $15.00; Single copies, $6.00 SPEClAL LIBRARIES-Subscription, $20.00; Foreign, $21.50; Single copies, $2.00 TECHNICAL BOOK REVIEIV INDEX-Subscription, $15.00 ;Foreign, $16.00 ;Singlecopies, $2.25 TRANSLATIONS REGISTER-INDEX-Subscription, $30.00

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library on negative microfilm r------' St. Paul, Minn. 55101 from 3M IM/PRESS-the 3M International Microfilm Press. Please send us a year's subscription of The New York Times on 35mm microfilm Beginning January 1, 1968, you can re- beginning Jan. 1,1968. Our check for $525 ceive the TIMES on 35mm negative rolls is enclosed. mailed every two weeks. Each roll contains No, we do not wish to order now, but two complete weeks of issues. Cost: $525 for send us more information about business and technical data on microfilm from a year's subscription. 3M IM/PRESS. Why negative microfilm? Because negative rolls offer sharper, cleaner positive copies in Name seconds from a Microfilm Reader Printer. I Organization Place your 1968 subscription now for THE Address NEW YORK TIMES on microfilm by mail- City Statezip- ing the coupon. ------SECOND (1968) EDITION-DIRECTORY OF SPECIAL LIBRARIES AND INFORMATION CENTERS READY NOW ! ! Edited by Anth~nyT. Kruzas, Associate Professor of Library Science, University of Michigan

Three thousand new entries Three hundred more pages Four hundred new subjects Nine new appendixes

Since p~lblicationin 1963 of the tirst edition of thc DlRECTORY OF SPECIAI. LIBRARIES AND INFORMATION CENTERS. specialized centers for the acquisition and organization of printed materials dealing with specific activities and interests have continued to grow in number and scope. The second edition of DSLIC' represents an updated continuation of the standard guide to collections and personnel in U. S. and Canadian special libraries, information centerc. documentation centers. and other similar units. sponsored by government agencies. business firms, trade associations. and professional societies. as well as major special collections in university and public lihraries.

In this edition, detailed entries for 11,500 special librarie\ and information centers are arranged alphabetically by nanie of the supporting organization-the U. S. facilities in one section. the Canadian in another. The individual entries provide more than a dozen facts. including official name. address, and telephone number; name of sponsoring organization or institution: address. nanie. and title of the person in charge: and thc names of other professional personnel.

2,500 Additionrrl Zlwits Gi7len in Eighteen Appendixes Eighteen appendixes-nine more than in the first edition-contain 9,500 name and address listings, by state, for special information facilities not included in the main part of the volume. These include units such as U. S. Information Agency I-ibraries, U. S. Regional Libraries for the Blind, National Aeronautics and Spacc Administration Regional Dissemination Centers, and National Bureau of Standards National Standard Reference Data Centers.

Collectively, the 13.000 specialized research libraries represent tlic pri~neaources of in-depth information concerning more than 1,000 subjects-some as general its electrical engineering and business administration. and many a.; specialized as the cattle industrv, beryllium, and family planning. -/ ,* - 1,0,f8 Page.\ S1cbjert Index S28.50

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