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Monitoring Freshwater Systems in the Southwest Alaska Network Protocol Narrative

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Monitoring Freshwater Systems in the Southwest Alaska Network Protocol Narrative National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Monitoring Freshwater Systems in the Southwest Alaska Network Protocol Narrative Natural Resource Report NPS/SWAN/NRR—2015/925 ON THE COVER Photograph of Kontrashibuna Lake in Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Alaska. Photograph courtesy of Jeff Shearer Monitoring Freshwater Systems in the Southwest Alaska Network Protocol Narrative Natural Resource Report NPS/SWAN/NRR—2015/925 Jeff Shearer1,2, Claudette Moore1,3, and Krista K. Bartz1 1National Park Service Southwest Alaska Network 240 West 5th Avenue Anchorage, AK 99501 2Current Address: National Park Service Lake Clark National Park and Preserve 240 West 5th Avenue Anchorage, AK 99501 3Current Address: USGS Colorado Water Science Center Western Colorado Office 445 West Gunnison Avenue Grand Junction, CO 81501 February 2015 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service. The series supports the advancement of science, informed decision-making, and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series also provides a forum for presenting more lengthy results that may not be accepted by publications with page limitations. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received formal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data, and whose background and expertise put them on par technically and scientifically with the authors of the information. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. This report is available in digital format from the Southwest Alaska Network website (http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/swan/), and the Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/nrpm/). To receive this report in a format optimized for screen readers, please email [email protected]. Please cite this publication as: Shearer, J., C. Moore, and K. K. Bartz. 2015. Monitoring freshwater systems in the Southwest Alaska Network: Protocol narrative. Natural Resource Report NPS/SWAN/NRR—2015/925. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS 953/128070, February 2015 ii Contents Page Figures.................................................................................................................................................... v Tables .................................................................................................................................................... vi Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................viii Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................................. 1 Background and Objectives ................................................................................................................... 2 Rationale for Monitoring ................................................................................................................ 3 Parameters of Interest ..................................................................................................................... 5 Water Quantity (Surface Hydrology) Parameters ..................................................................... 5 Water Quality (Freshwater Chemistry) Parameters................................................................... 7 Summary of Historical Water Quantity and Quality Data ........................................................... 10 Measurable Objectives ................................................................................................................. 11 Water Quantity Objectives ...................................................................................................... 13 Water Quality Objectives ........................................................................................................ 14 Sampling Design .................................................................................................................................. 15 Rationale for Sampling Design .................................................................................................... 15 Initial Sampling Design ................................................................................................................ 15 Three-Tiered Design and Waterbody Selection ...................................................................... 15 Site Selection ........................................................................................................................... 18 Sampling Frequency and Replication ...................................................................................... 20 Revised Sampling Design............................................................................................................. 22 Monitoring Methods ............................................................................................................................ 26 Field Season Preparation .............................................................................................................. 26 Data Collection ............................................................................................................................. 28 Water Quantity Data ................................................................................................................ 28 Water Quality Data .................................................................................................................. 29 Equipment Cleaning, Maintenance, and Storage ......................................................................... 31 Data Download, Export, and Processing ...................................................................................... 32 Data Management ......................................................................................................................... 34 iii Contents (continued) Page Quality Assurance / Quality Control ............................................................................................ 34 Data Analysis and Reporting ........................................................................................................ 35 Annual Summary Reports ....................................................................................................... 36 Five-Year Synthesis Reports ................................................................................................... 36 Personnel Requirements and Training ................................................................................................. 39 Qualifications and Training .......................................................................................................... 39 Operational Requirements ................................................................................................................... 42 Annual Workload and Field Schedule .......................................................................................... 42 Equipment Needs.......................................................................................................................... 43 Water Quantity Equipment and Supplies ................................................................................ 43 Water Quality Equipment and Supplies .................................................................................. 43 Budget .......................................................................................................................................... 44 Staff Salaries ............................................................................................................................ 44 Travel Expenses....................................................................................................................... 44 Literature Cited .................................................................................................................................... 46 iv Figures Page Figure 1. Map of park units included within the Southwest Alaska Network. ..................................... 2 Figure 2. Conceptual model of projected landscape-level changes in SWAN parks due to climate change ......................................................................................................................................
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