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Some Native Hill Country Trees Other Than Oaks
Some Native Hill Country Trees Other Than Oaks Several weeks ago I wrote about the Hill Country oaks in this column. There are, however a number of common, large, native trees that are not oaks. Here are some of them. Bald cypress ( Taxodium distichum ) is common along the banks of the Guadalupe and its tributaries as well as many other streams in the Hill Country. It is unusual for a conifer (cone-bearing) tree to be deciduous (loses its leaves in the winter) which is why it is called a bald cypress. These trees were highly prized for the durability of the wood for making shingles, which led to the settlement of Kerrville. They are fast growing, and generally the largest trees in the Hill Country. Cedar elm ( Ulmus crassifolia ) is an elm with very small, stiff, rough leaves. It is common throughout the Hill Country where it appears to be equally at home on limestone soils or acidic soils. It flowers and sets seed in late summer, which is unusual, and, because not much is blooming then, it attracts many native bees when flowering. Its leaves turn yellow in the fall. Two other species of elms grow in the Hill Country, although they are not nearly as common as cedar elms. American elm ( Ulmus americana ) and Slippery elm ( Ulmus rubra ) are both large trees with large leaves and are usually found in riparian areas. Escarpment black cherry ( Prunus serotina var. eximia ) is a Hill Country native cherry with thin, soft leaves that turn yellow in the fall. The tiny white flowers are produced on stalks in the spring, followed by tiny cherries for the birds. -
Texas Big Tree Registry a List of the Largest Trees in Texas Sponsored by Texas a & M Forest Service
Texas Big Tree Registry A list of the largest trees in Texas Sponsored by Texas A & M Forest Service Native and Naturalized Species of Texas: 320 ( D indicates species naturalized to Texas) Common Name (also known as) Latin Name Remarks Cir. Threshold acacia, Berlandier (guajillo) Senegalia berlandieri Considered a shrub by B. Simpson 18'' or 1.5 ' acacia, blackbrush Vachellia rigidula Considered a shrub by Simpson 12'' or 1.0 ' acacia, Gregg (catclaw acacia, Gregg catclaw) Senegalia greggii var. greggii Was named A. greggii 55'' or 4.6 ' acacia, Roemer (roundflower catclaw) Senegalia roemeriana 18'' or 1.5 ' acacia, sweet (huisache) Vachellia farnesiana 100'' or 8.3 ' acacia, twisted (huisachillo) Vachellia bravoensis Was named 'A. tortuosa' 9'' or 0.8 ' acacia, Wright (Wright catclaw) Senegalia greggii var. wrightii Was named 'A. wrightii' 70'' or 5.8 ' D ailanthus (tree-of-heaven) Ailanthus altissima 120'' or 10.0 ' alder, hazel Alnus serrulata 18'' or 1.5 ' allthorn (crown-of-thorns) Koeberlinia spinosa Considered a shrub by Simpson 18'' or 1.5 ' anacahuita (anacahuite, Mexican olive) Cordia boissieri 60'' or 5.0 ' anacua (anaqua, knockaway) Ehretia anacua 120'' or 10.0 ' ash, Carolina Fraxinus caroliniana 90'' or 7.5 ' ash, Chihuahuan Fraxinus papillosa 12'' or 1.0 ' ash, fragrant Fraxinus cuspidata 18'' or 1.5 ' ash, green Fraxinus pennsylvanica 120'' or 10.0 ' ash, Gregg (littleleaf ash) Fraxinus greggii 12'' or 1.0 ' ash, Mexican (Berlandier ash) Fraxinus berlandieriana Was named 'F. berlandierana' 120'' or 10.0 ' ash, Texas Fraxinus texensis 60'' or 5.0 ' ash, velvet (Arizona ash) Fraxinus velutina 120'' or 10.0 ' ash, white Fraxinus americana 100'' or 8.3 ' aspen, quaking Populus tremuloides 25'' or 2.1 ' baccharis, eastern (groundseltree) Baccharis halimifolia Considered a shrub by Simpson 12'' or 1.0 ' baldcypress (bald cypress) Taxodium distichum Was named 'T. -
2003 AMENDED BIOLOGICAL OPINION United States Department of the Interior
2003 AMENDED BIOLOGICAL OPINION United States Department of the Interior FISH AND WILDUFE SERVICE Ecological Services do TAMU-CC, Campus Box 338 6300 Ocean Drive Corpus Christi, Texas 78412 May23, 2003 Ms. Sylvia A, Waggoner Division Engineer Environmental Management Division International Boundary and Water Commission The Commons, Building C, Suite 310 4171 N. Mesa Street El Paso, TX 79902 Consultation No. 2-11-91-F-144 Dear Ms. Waggoner: This document transmits the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's (Service) reinitiated Final Biological Opinion based on our review of the United States Section, International Boundary and Water Commission's (USIBWC) ongoing implementation of vegetation management practices for the Lower Rio Grande Flood Control Project (LRGFCP) in Cameron, Hidalgo, and Willacy Counties, Texas. We have analyzed the proposed action and its effects on the endangered ocelot Leopardus (Felis) pardalis, listed throughout its entire range that includes Texas, Arizona, Mexico to Central and South America, and the Gulf Coast jaguarundi Hemailurus yagouaroundi cacomitli that ranges from Texas to Mexico, in accordance with section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). USffiWC's request and information provided for reinitiation of the 1993 formal consultation and Biological Opinion was considered complete by the Corpus Christi, Texas Ecological Services Field Office (CCESFO) on December 11, 2002. This biological opinion is based on information provided in the April 2002 "Threatened and Endangered Species Report in Support of the Environmental Impact Statement f~r the Maintenance Program of the Lower Rio Grande Flood Control Project", Volume III of the Preliminary Draft Environmental Impact Statement {PDEIS) entitled Alternative Vegetation Management Practices for the LRGFCP Cameron, Hildago, and Willacy Counties, Texas, as well as telephone conversations, field investigations, and other relevant sources of information. -
Key to Leaves of Eastern Native Oaks
FHTET-2003-01 January 2003 Front Cover: Clockwise from top left: white oak (Q. alba) acorns; willow oak (Q. phellos) leaves and acorns; Georgia oak (Q. georgiana) leaf; chinkapin oak (Q. muehlenbergii) acorns; scarlet oak (Q. coccinea) leaf; Texas live oak (Q. fusiformis) acorns; runner oak (Q. pumila) leaves and acorns; background bur oak (Q. macrocarpa) bark. (Design, D. Binion) Back Cover: Swamp chestnut oak (Q. michauxii) leaves and acorns. (Design, D. Binion) FOREST HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ENTERPRISE TEAM TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Oak Identification Field Guide to Native Oak Species of Eastern North America John Stein and Denise Binion Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team USDA Forest Service 180 Canfield St., Morgantown, WV 26505 Robert Acciavatti Forest Health Protection Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry USDA Forest Service 180 Canfield St., Morgantown, WV 26505 United States Forest FHTET-2003-01 Department of Service January 2003 Agriculture NORTH AMERICA 100th Meridian ii iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to thank all those who helped with this publication. We are grateful for permission to use the drawings illustrated by John K. Myers, Flagstaff, AZ, published in the Flora of North America, North of Mexico, vol. 3 (Jensen 1997). We thank Drs. Cynthia Huebner and Jim Colbert, U.S. Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Disturbance Ecology and Management of Oak-Dominated Forests, Morgantown, WV; Dr. Martin MacKenzie, U.S. Forest Service, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection, Morgantown, WV; Dr. Steven L. Stephenson, Department of Biology, Fairmont State College, Fairmont, WV; Dr. Donna Ford-Werntz, Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV; Dr. -
Plants for Bats
Suggested Native Plants for Bats Nectar Plants for attracting moths:These plants are just suggestions based onfloral traits (flower color, shape, or fragrance) for attracting moths and have not been empirically tested. All information comes from The Lady Bird Johnson's Wildflower Center's plant database. Plant names with * denote species that may be especially high value for bats (based on my opinion). Availability denotes how common a species can be found within nurseries and includes 'common' (found in most nurseries, such as Rainbow Gardens), 'specialized' (only available through nurseries such as Medina Nursery, Natives of Texas, SA Botanical Gardens, or The Nectar Bar), and 'rare' (rarely for sale but can be collected from wild seeds or cuttings). All are native to TX, most are native to Bexar. Common Name Scientific Name Family Light Leaves Water Availability Notes Trees: Sabal palm * Sabal mexicana Arecaceae Sun Evergreen Moderate Common Dead fronds for yellow bats Yaupon holly Ilex vomitoria Aquifoliaceae Any Evergreen Any Common Possumhaw is equally great Desert false willow Chilopsis linearis Bignoniaceae Sun Deciduous Low Common Avoid over-watering Mexican olive Cordia boissieri Boraginaceae Sun/Part Evergreen Low Common Protect from deer Anacua, sandpaper tree * Ehretia anacua Boraginaceae Sun Evergreen Low Common Tough evergreen tree Rusty blackhaw * Viburnum rufidulum Caprifoliaceae Partial Deciduous Low Specialized Protect from deer Anacacho orchid Bauhinia lunarioides Fabaceae Partial Evergreen Low Common South Texas species -
City of Carrollton Summary of the Tree Preservation Ordinance (Ordinance 2520, As Amended by Ordinance 2622)
City of Carrollton Summary of the Tree Preservation Ordinance (Ordinance 2520, as amended by Ordinance 2622) A. Application & Exemptions 1. Ordinance applies to all vacant, unplatted or undeveloped property; property to be re- platted or redeveloped, and; public property, whether developed or not. 2. Ordinance does not apply to individual single-family or duplex residential lots after initial development/subdivision, provided that the use of the lot remains single-family or duplex residential. 3. Ordinance does not apply to Section 404 Permits issued by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 4. Routine pruning and maintenance is permitted, provided that it does not damage the health and beauty of the protected tree. B. Protected Trees 1. Only those kinds of trees listed on the Approved Plant List which are 4" in diameter or greater are protected. C. Preservation & Replacement 1. A plan to preserve or replace protected trees must be approved by the City before development or construction, or the removal of any protected tree. The plan must be followed. If no protected trees are present, a letter to that effect, signed by a surveyor, engineer, architect or landscape architect must be submitted to the City. 2. Protected trees to be removed must be replaced. Replacement trees must be chosen from the Approved Plant List, and be of a certain minimum size. Where 12 or more are to be replaced, no more than 34% of the replacement trees may be of the same kind. Replacement trees may be planted off-site, or a fee may be paid to the City instead of replacement, if there is/are no suitable location(s) on the subject property. -
Notes on Persimmons, Kakis, Date Plums, and Chapotes by STEPHEN A
Notes on Persimmons, Kakis, Date Plums, and Chapotes by STEPHEN A. SPONGBERG The genus Diospyros is not at present an important genus of orna- mental woody plants in North America, and while native persimmons once were valuable fruits in the eastern United States, the fruits pro- duced by Diospyros species no longer are important food items in the American home. In the countries of eastern Asia at least two species of Diospyros are among the most common trees encountered in door- yard gardens and orchards, where they are cultivated for their edible fruits as well as for other uses and for their ornamental beauty. J. J. Rein, a German traveler and author, wrote in 1889 that Diospyros kaki Linnaeus f. was "undeniably the most widely distributed, most important, and most beautiful fruit-tree in Japan, Corea, and North- ern China." And in Japan, where D. kaki is second in importance as an orchard crop only to citrus fruit, the kaki often is referred to as the national fruit (Childers, 1972). The rarity with which species of Diospyros are found in cultivation in cool-temperate North America is partially due to the fact that most are native to regions of tropical and subtropical climate and are not hardy in areas of temperate climate. A member of the Ebenaceae or Ebony Family, the genus contains upwards of 400 species that occur Stephen A. Spongberg is a horticultural taxonomist at the Arnold Arbore- tum. He participated in the Arboretum’s collecting trip to Japan and Korea in the fall of 1977, an experience which intensifted his interest in persim- mons. -
Tobusch Fishhook Cactus Species Status Assessment - Final
Tobusch Fishhook Cactus Species Status Assessment - Final SPECIES STATUS ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR TOBUSCH FISHHOOK CACTUS (SCLEROCACTUS BREVIHAMATUS SSP. TOBUSCHII (W.T. MARSHALL) N.P. TAYLOR) February, 2017 Southwest Region U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Albuquerque, NM Tobusch Fishhook Cactus Species Status Assessment - Final Prepared by Chris Best, Austin Ecological Services Field Office, Suggested citation: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2017. Species status assessment of Tobusch Fishhook Cactus (Sclerocactus brevihamatus ssp. tobuschii (W.T. Marshall) N.P. Taylor). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southwest Region, Albuquerque, New Mexico. 65 pp. + 2 appendices. i Tobusch Fishhook Cactus Species Status Assessment - Final EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Tobusch fishhook cactus is a small cactus, with curved “fishhook” spines, that is endemic to the Edwards Plateau of Texas. It was federally listed as endangered on November 7, 1979 (44 FR 64736) as Ancistrocactus tobuschii. At that time, fewer than 200 individuals had been documented from 4 sites. Tobusch fishhook cactus is now confirmed in 8 central Texas counties: Bandera, Edwards, Kerr, Kimble, Kinney, Real, Uvalde, and Val Verde. In recent years, over 4,000 individuals have been documented in surveys and monitoring plots. Recent phylogenetic evidence supports classifying Tobusch fishhook cactus as Sclerocactus brevihamatus ssp. tobuschii. It is distinguished morphologically from its closest relative, S. brevihamatus ssp. brevihamatus, on the basis of yellow versus pink- or brown-tinged flowers, fewer radial spines, and fewer ribs. Additionally, subspecies tobuschii is endemic to limestone outcrops of the Edwards Plateau, while subspecies brevihamatus occurs in alluvial soils in the Tamaulipan Shrublands and Chihuahuan Desert. A recent investigation found genetic divergence between the two subspecies, although they may interact genetically in a narrow area where their ranges overlap. -
An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the North American Oaks
Article An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the North American Oaks (Quercus Subgenus Quercus): Review of the Contribution of Phylogenomic Data to Biogeography and Species Diversity Paul S. Manos 1,* and Andrew L. Hipp 2 1 Department of Biology, Duke University, 330 Bio Sci Bldg, Durham, NC 27708, USA 2 The Morton Arboretum, Center for Tree Science, 4100 Illinois 53, Lisle, IL 60532, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The oak flora of North America north of Mexico is both phylogenetically diverse and species-rich, including 92 species placed in five sections of subgenus Quercus, the oak clade centered on the Americas. Despite phylogenetic and taxonomic progress on the genus over the past 45 years, classification of species at the subsectional level remains unchanged since the early treatments by WL Trelease, AA Camus, and CH Muller. In recent work, we used a RAD-seq based phylogeny including 250 species sampled from throughout the Americas and Eurasia to reconstruct the timing and biogeography of the North American oak radiation. This work demonstrates that the North American oak flora comprises mostly regional species radiations with limited phylogenetic affinities to Mexican clades, and two sister group connections to Eurasia. Using this framework, we describe the regional patterns of oak diversity within North America and formally classify 62 species into nine major North American subsections within sections Lobatae (the red oaks) and Quercus (the Citation: Manos, P.S.; Hipp, A.L. An Quercus Updated Infrageneric Classification white oaks), the two largest sections of subgenus . We also distill emerging evolutionary and of the North American Oaks (Quercus biogeographic patterns based on the impact of phylogenomic data on the systematics of multiple Subgenus Quercus): Review of the species complexes and instances of hybridization. -
Report Appendices
LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A: Acknowledgements Appendix B: Planning Team Structure Appendix C: Project Timeline Appendix D: Map Units in the GCP&M Ecoregion Appendix E: Portfolio of Conservation Areas in the GCP&M Ecoregion Appendix F: Conservation Element Selection Criteria Appendix G: Terrestrial Systems Appendix H: Freshwater Aquatic Ecological Systems Appendix I: Viable Conservation Element Occurrences--Progress Towards Portfolio Goals Appendix J: Definitions of Rarity Appendix K: Geographic Distribution of Elements Appendix L: Spatial Scale of Elements Appendix M: Viability Guidelines Appendix N: Conservation Goal Default Numbers Appendix O: Method of Portfolio Assembly Appendix P: Viable Conservation Element Occurrences by Taxa Type in the Portfolio Appendix Q: Portfolio Conservation Areas with Captured Elements Appendix R: Functional Landscapes, Sites and Biological Richness Appendix S: List of Data Gaps APPENDIX A ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The successful completion of the ecoregional conservation plan for the Gulf Coast Prairies and Marshes would not have been possible without the diligent, flexible, and concerted effort of the numerous individuals who assisted along the way as members of the ecoregional planning team and in other capacities. Of particular note have been the contributions of members of the Core Team who devoted large amounts of time, sometimes under duress, toward the completion of this report: Jorge Brenner, Bill Carr, Amalie Couvillion, Troy Ettel, Steve Gilbert, Ray Johnson, Richard Martin, Latimore Smith, and David Wolfe. Special thanks go to Amalie Couvillon who kept momentum going when no one else would or could. In addition, Steve Gilbert went the “extra yard” regarding data management and GIS analysis with committed and positive spirit. -
5 Oglethorpe Oak Pub 2020
Publication WSFNR-20-05C February 2020 Oglethorpe oak — Quercus oglethorpensis Descent Into Oblivion Dr. Kim D. Coder, Professor of Tree Biology & Health Care / University Hill Fellow University of Georgia Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources Oglethorpe oak (Quercus oglethorpensis) is a newcomer in the tree identification world. Originally thought by botanists to be a Southern form of shingle oak (Quercus imbricaria), a more careful series of observations proved otherwise. Oglethorpe oak was identified along a quiet creek in 1940 by a brilliant plant taxonomist, Professor Wilbur Duncan. He named the tree after Oglethorpe County, Georgia where he had first identified the tree. The name honors British general James E. Oglethorpe (1696-1785), founder of the city of Savannah and the colony of Georgia. White Oak By Any Other Name Oglethorpe oak is a member of the beech family (Fagaceae). Oglethorpe oak is in the white oak group of oaks, and was probably not recognized earlier because its bark closely resembles white and post oak, which also grow in the area. The typical tree of record was discovered along Buffalo Creek, 8 miles east of Lexington, GA in 1940. This oak species is a rarity and is seldom seen, partially because of its low population numbers and because of its isolated habitat. Seedlings in the wild are rare. Small to medium sized trees will produce stump sprouts if damaged. Oglethorpe oak is not listed or given any federal protection, but is a species which has been examined for federal protection. It was given a relative low priority compared with other species. -
Urnus Crassifolia Nutt. Cedar Elm Ulmaceae Elm Family John J
Urnus crassifolia Nutt. Cedar Elm Ulmaceae Elm family John J. Stransky and Sylvia M. Bierschenk Cedar elm (Ulmus crassifolia) grows rapidly to its range, cedar elm is often planted as an ornamen- medium or large size in the Southern United States tal shade tree. It has the smallest leaves of any and northeastern Mexico, where it may sometimes native elm and is one of two that flower in the fall. be called basket elm, red elm, southern rock elm, or olmo (Spanish). It usually is found on moist, lime- Habitat stone soils along water courses with other bottom- land trees, but it also grows on dry limestone hills. Native Range The wood is very strong; the lumber is mixed with other southern elm species and sold as rock elm. Its Cedar elm (figs. 1, 2) can be found from extreme seeds are eaten by several species of birds. Within southwestern Tennessee, Arkansas, and eastern and Figure l-The native range of’cedar elm. The authors are Silviculturist (retired), Southern Forest Experi- ment Station, New Orleans, LA, and Assistant Instructor, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX. Ulnus crassifolia South Texas averages 460 mm (18 in), while eastern and central Louisiana receive an average annual rainfall of 1470 mm (58 in). The average number of days without a killing frost is 236. All of the States have a minimum growing season of 220 days. Soils and Topography Cedar elm thrives in deep rich soils (Inceptisols) in the Mississippi Delta and along streams in Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas, where it becomes a large tree along the Colorado and Brazos Rivers (2,15).