DOCSLIB.ORG

Past, Present and Future of Active Radio Frequency Experiments in Space A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Past, Present and Future of Active Radio Frequency Experiments in Space A Past, Present and Future of Active Radio Frequency Experiments in Space A. V. Streltsov, Jean-Jacques Berthelier, A. A. Chernyshov, V. L. Frolov, F. Honary, M. J. Kosch, R. P. Mccoy, E. V. Mishin, M. T. Rietveld To cite this version: A. V. Streltsov, Jean-Jacques Berthelier, A. A. Chernyshov, V. L. Frolov, F. Honary, et al.. Past, Present and Future of Active Radio Frequency Experiments in Space. Space Science Reviews, Springer Verlag, 2018, 214 (8), pp.118. 10.1007/s11214-018-0549-7. insu-01916927 HAL Id: insu-01916927 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01916927 Submitted on 11 Mar 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE OF ACTIVE RADIO FREQUENCY EXPERIMENTS IN SPACE A. V. Streltsov1,2, J.-J. Berthelier3, A. A. Chernyshov4, V. L. Frolov5,6, F. Honary7, M. J. Kosch7,8,9, R. P. McCoy10, E. V. Mishin11, M. T. Rietveld12,13 1Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, Florida, USA; 2National Academy of Sciences at Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; 3LATMOS/IPSL, CNRS-UPMC-UVSQ, UPMC, Paris, France; 4Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia; 5Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; 6Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia; 7Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom; 8South African National Space Agency, Hermanus, South Africa; 9University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; 10Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA; 11 Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; 12EISCAT, Ramfjordbotn, Norway; 13UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway. Abstract. Active ionospheric experiments using high-power, high-frequency transmitters, “heaters”, to study plasma processes in the ionosphere and magnetosphere continue to provide new insights into understanding plasma and geophysical proceses. This review describes the heating facilities, past and present, and discusses scientific results from these facilities and associated space missions. Phenomena that have been observed with these facilities are reviewed along with theoretical explanations that have been proposed or are commonly accepted. Gaps or uncertainties in understanding of heating initiated phenomena are discussed together with proposed science questions to be addressed in the future. Suggestions for improvements and additions to existing facilities are presented including important satellite missions which are necessary to answer the outstanding questions in this field. Keywords. Active experiments. Ionospheric heating. HAARP. SURA. Arecibo. ULF waves. Ionospheric feedback instability. VLF waves. Ionospheric irregularities. Plasma instabilities. Wave-particle interactions. Artificial aurora. EISCAT. Ionosphere. DEMETER. Ionospheric resonator. 1 Acronyms AA - anomalous absorption AGW - acoustic gravity waves AKR - auroral kilometric radiation API - artificial periodic irregularity ASE - artificially stimulated emissions BF layer - the region of scattering from the bottom side F region BUM - broad upshifted maximum BUS - broad upshifted structure BSS - broad symmetrical structure CADI - Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde CNA - cosmic noise absorption DL - descending layer DM - downshifted maximum DMSP - Defense Meteorological Satellite Program DP - downshifted peak DSX - Demonstration and Science Experiments satellite DVH - descending virtual height DW - diagnostic wave EISCAT - European Incoherent SCATter Scientific Association EMIC - electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave ERP - effective radiated power FAC - field-aligned current FAI - field-aligned irregularity HAARP - High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program HIPAS - HIgh Power Auroral Stimulation observatory IAPD - Ion Acoustic Parametric Decay instability IAR - ionospheric Alfvén resonator IDM - intermediate downshifted maximum IDV - ionosphere disturbed volume IFI - ionospheric feedback instability IRI - Ionospheric Research Instrument ISR - incoherent scatter radar LH - lower hybrid LSI - large-scale irregularity LT - Langmuir turbulence MI - modulation instability MUIR - modular UHF ionospheric radar (at HAARP) MSI - medium-scale irregularity MZ - magnetic zenith NC - narrow continuum NEIEL - naturally enhanced ion acoustic line OTHR - over-the-horizon radar 2 OTSI - oscillating two-stream instability PDI - parametric decay instability PFISR - Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar PL - plasma line PMSE - polar mesospheric summer echoes PMWE - polar mesospheric winter echoes PPI - ponderomotive parametric instability PW - pump wave QPO - quasi-periodic oscillation SAPS - subauroral polarization stream SAID - subauroral ion drift SEE - stimulated electromagnetic emission SLT - strong Langmuir turbulence SSA - striction self-action SSI - small-scale irregularity SSSI - supra-small-scale irregularity SST - super strong (Langmuir) turbulence TEC - total electron content TID - travelling ionospheric disturbance TPI - thermal parametric instability TSFI - thermal self-focusing instability UH - upper hybrid UHR - upper hybrid resonance UWE - upshifted wideband emission VPM - VLF and Particle Mapper satellite VPM - VLF and Particle Mapper satellite WALES - weak-altitude extent ion line enhancements WT - weak turbulence 3 Table of Contents 1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................. 6 2 Experimental Facilities ............................................................................................................................ 8 2.1 Ground Facilities .............................................................................................................................. 8 2.1.1 HAARP ...................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.2 SURA ....................................................................................................................................... 10 2.1.3 EISCAT ................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1.4 Arecibo .................................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.5 Science Topics ......................................................................................................................... 17 2.2 Satellites .......................................................................................................................................... 18 2.2.1 DEMETER Satellite ................................................................................................................ 20 2.2.2 Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)................................................................ 22 2.2.3 The Demonstration and Science Experiments (DSX) Satellite ............................................... 24 2.2.4 RESONANCE Satellite ........................................................................................................... 26 3 Theory of the HF Ionospheric Modification .......................................................................................... 29 3.1 Propagation of O-Mode Waves ...................................................................................................... 30 3.2 Electrostatic Plasma Waves ............................................................................................................ 31 3.2.1 Wave-Particle Analogy ............................................................................................................ 33 3.3 Ponderomotive Parametric Instability (PPI) ................................................................................... 33 3.3.1 PPI in Isotropic Plasma (PPIL) ................................................................................................. 35 3.3.2 Parametric Decay Instability (PDIL) ........................................................................................ 36 3.3.3 Modulational Instability (MI) .................................................................................................. 36 3.4 PPI in the Plasma Resonance Layer ............................................................................................... 37 3.4.1 Strong Langmuir Turbulence (SLT) ........................................................................................ 38 3.4.2 Coexistence of WT and SLT Regimes .................................................................................... 40 3.4.3 Full-Wave Simulations of SLT at HAARP ............................................................................. 41 O 3.5 PPI in the Upper Hybrid Layer (PPI UH / EB ) .................................................................................... 42 3.5.1 Upper Hybrid PPI ...................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • MHD Interaction in an Electromagnetic Pump for High Flow Rate Loop Of
    MHD interaction in an Electromagnetic Pump for high flow rate loop of ASTRID Sodium Fast Reactor secondary circuit -performances S Letout, Y Duterrail, Y Fautrelle, M Medina, F Rey, G Laffont To cite this version: S Letout, Y Duterrail, Y Fautrelle, M Medina, F Rey, et al.. MHD interaction in an Electromagnetic Pump for high flow rate loop of ASTRID Sodium Fast Reactor secondary circuit -performances. 8th International Conference on Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, Oct 2015, Cannes, France. hal- 01336384 HAL Id: hal-01336384 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01336384 Submitted on 23 Jun 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. MHD interaction in an Electromagnetic Pump for high flow rate loop of ASTRID Sodium Fast Reactor secondary circuit - performances 1 1 1 1 2 2 S. Letout , Y. Duterrail , Y. Fautrelle , M. Medina , F. Rey and G. Laffont 1Grenoble Institute of Technology/CNRS, SIMAP-EPM laboratory, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères, France 2Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, 13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The present paper deals with the analysis of the performances of a very large Annular Linear Induction Pumps (ALIP) for liquid sodium.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract a Highly Efficient, Megawatt Class Constant
    ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: A HIGHLY EFFICIENT, MEGAWATT CLASS CONSTANT IMPEDANCE TUNABLE POWER EXTRACTION CIRCUIT FOR MOBILE IONOSPHERIC HEATERS Amith Hulikal Narayan Doctor of Philosophy, 2020 Dissertation directed by: Professor Thomas M Antonsen Jr Department of Electrical Engineering Ionospheric modification (IM) refers to changes in the ambient properties of the ionosphere that are produced by humans. The ability to control and exploit iono- spheric processes helps us understand naturally occurring phenomena like aurora, scintillations, and airglow. It also helps us improve trans-ionospheric communica- tion and develop new applications that take advantage of the ionosphere as an active plasma medium. Ionospheric Heaters broadcast high power radio waves, typically in the radio frequency (RF) band, to modify the ionosphere in a controlled manner. These facilities are permanent terrestrial installations and do not presently support study at different latitudes. However, past IM experiments conducted at high lati- tudes across the world indicate a strong dependence of ionospheric processes on the geomagnetic latitude. Mobile Ionospheric Heaters will allow for the first time, quantitative explo- ration of the ionosphere at different geomagnetic latitudes. These mobile structures must be relatively smaller than the existing arrays (small enough to fit on the barge of a ship) and highly efficient at the same time. The size and efficiency of the terres- trial heating units prevent their reuse in mobile structures. These factors motivate the need for developing novel heater units. Our research focused on a new high power, high-efficiency RF source that consists of a gridless tetrode RF tube and a highly efficient power extraction circuit.
    [Show full text]
  • Coordinated Optical and Radar Observations of Ionospheric Pumping for a Frequency Pass Through the Second Electron Gyroharmonic at HAARP M
    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 112, A06325, doi:10.1029/2006JA012146, 2007 Coordinated optical and radar observations of ionospheric pumping for a frequency pass through the second electron gyroharmonic at HAARP M. J. Kosch,1,2,3 T. Pedersen,1 E. Mishin,4 S. Oyama,5,6 J. Hughes,7 A. Senior,2 B. Watkins,5 and B. Bristow5 Received 30 October 2006; revised 20 January 2007; accepted 12 February 2007; published 23 June 2007. [1] On 4 February 2005, the High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility was operated in O and X mode while pointing into the magnetic zenith to produce artificial optical emissions in the ionospheric F layer. The pump frequency was set to 2.85 MHz to ensure passing through the second electron gyroharmonic of the decaying ionosphere. Optical recordings at 557.7 and 630 nm were performed simultaneously with the side-viewing high frequency (HF) and colocated ultra high frequency (UHF) ionospheric radars. No X-mode effects were found. For O-mode pumping, when passing from below to above the second gyroharmonic frequency, the optical intensity shows a distinct increase when the plasma frequency passes through the second electron gyroharmonic, while the UHF backscatter changes from persistent to overshoot in character. The optical intensity decreases when pump wave reflection ceases, dropping to zero when upper-hybrid resonance ceases. The HF radar backscatter increases when the upper-hybrid resonance frequency passes from below to above the second gyroharmonic frequency. These observations are consistent with the coexistence of the parametric decay and thermal parametric instabilities above the second gyroharmonic.
    [Show full text]
  • Formation of a Stationary State of Striations in a Vertically Inhomogeneous Ionosphere
    FORMATION OF A STATIONARY STATE OF STRIATIONS IN A VERTICALLY INHOMOGENEOUS IONOSPHERE N.D.Borisov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Waves Propagation, (IZMIRAN), 142190 Troitsk, Moscow region, Russia, [email protected] Abstract A new theory of a stationary state of striations is presented. Striations are treated as slowly varying with the height wave- guides that trap upper-hybrid resonance (UHR) oscillations. Modes with different discrete eigennumbers are retained in striations. Each mode interacts with a pump wave within a restricted range of heights. Thus the vertical ionospheric inhomogeneity determines the amplification of UHR oscillations. Anomalous absorption of the pump wave associated with the excitation of UHR oscillations in striations is calculated. Typical transversal scales and increase of the electron temperature in striations are estimated. INTRODUCTION One of the most interesting physical phenomena associated with the HF heating of the ionosphere is the formation of striations - elongated plasma depletions [1]. According to the theory striations are created as a result of conversion of the EM pump wave into UHR oscillations on small scale plasma irregularities [2]. UHR oscillations are trapped in striations and increase their amplitude due to the resonance (thermal parametric) instability. The mechanism of amplification of UHR oscillations and the formation of the stationary state of striations is a complicated theoretical problem. The existing modern theories treat this problem taking into account only the transversal plasma inhomogeneity [3, 4]. At the same time it is well-known that the longitudinal inhomogeneity of plasma changes the process of the waves interaction. The instability instead of absolute becomes of a convective type thus restricting the amplitude of the growing waves.
    [Show full text]
  • Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
    Description of document: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) computer- generated bibliography from the Technical Report database, subject terms: High-Frequency Active Auroral Research Program or HAARP, 2014 Request date: 30-September-2014 Released date: 03-October-2014 Posted date: 13-July-2015 Source of document: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC-R) ATTN: FOIA Requester Service Center 8725 John J. Kingman Road, Suite 0944 Ft. Belvoir, VA 22060-6218 The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. DEFENSE TECHNICA L INFORMATION CENTER 8725 JOHN J. KINGMAN ROAD FORT BELVO IR, VIRG INIA 22016-6218 LNRO"l.T' DTIC-R (FOIA 2015-1) OCT 3 2014 RlftRTO Thi is in re pon e to your ema il dated September 30, 2014, received in this office October I, 2014, reque ting information under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) (enclosure I).
    [Show full text]
  • Artificial Aurora and Ionospheric Heating by HAARP
    Advances in Applied Physics, Vol. 4, 2016, no. 1, 23 - 30 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hikari.com http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/aap.2016.667 Artificial Aurora and Ionospheric Heating by HAARP S. Hadavandkhani Department of Physics, Islamic Azad University(IAU) Varamin Pishva Branch, Iran Bijan Nikouravan1 Department of Physics, Islamic Azad University (IAU) Varamin Pishva Branch, Iran & The Indian Planetary Society (IPS) Mumbai, 400092, India F. Ghazimaghrebi Department of Physics, Islamic Azad University (IAU) Varamin Pishva Branch, Iran Copyright c 2016 S. Hadavandkhani, Bijan Nikouravan and F. Ghazimaghrebi. This article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits un- restricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract A recent experiment was achieved at HAARP to study the scaling of the ionospherically generated ELF signal with power transmitted from the high frequency (HF) array. The results were in excellent agreement with computer simulations. The outcomes approving that the ELF power increases with the square of the incident HF power. This paper present a review on the situation of the ionized particles in Ionospheric layer when stimulated by artificial an ELF and VLF external high energy radio waves. Keywords: Ionospheric modification, Ionospheric heating 1Corresponding author 24 S. Hadavandkhani, Bijan Nikouravan and F. Ghazimaghrebi 1 Introduction Near the ground the air is almost unionized and its electrical conductivity is negligibly small. In very near equilibrium atmosphere, gravity force has a powerful controlling effect up to about 1000 km from the ground [1]. The gradient of the refractive index is responsible for the bending of the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave [2].
    [Show full text]
  • Study of MHD Instabilities in High Flowrate Induction Electromagnetic Pumps of Annular Linear Design Elena Martin Lopez
    Study of MHD instabilities in high flowrate induction electromagnetic pumps of annular linear design Elena Martin Lopez To cite this version: Elena Martin Lopez. Study of MHD instabilities in high flowrate induction electromagnetic pumps of annular linear design. Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph]. Université Grenoble Alpes, 2018. English. NNT : 2018GREAI090. tel-02055466 HAL Id: tel-02055466 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02055466 Submitted on 4 Mar 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE LA COMMUNAUTE UNIVERSITE GRENOBLE ALPES Spécialité : IMEP2 / MECANIQUE DES FLUIDES, PROCEDES, ENERGETIQUE Arrêté ministériel : 25 mai 2016 Présentée par « Elena MARTIN LOPEZ » Thèse dirigée par Yves DELANNOY codirigée par Fabrice BENOIT préparée au sein du SIMAP/EPM dans IMEP2 / MECANIQUE DES FLUIDES, PROCEDES, ENERGETIQUE Etude des instabilités Magnétohydrodynamiques dans les Pompes Electromagnétiques à induction annulaire à fort débit Thèse soutenue publiquement le « 29/11/2018 », devant le jury composé de : Mr. Alain JARDY Professeur, Ecole des Mines de Nancy, Président du jury et Rapporteur Mr. Thierry ALBOUSSIERE Directeur de Recherche, CNRS à Lyon, Rapporteur Mr. Christophe GISSINGER Maître de Conférence, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris, Membre Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • European Patent Bulletin 1983/30
    6 1983/30 •p*- 27.07.1983 Lîbl '.; y BibUofr,-, i 0 084 021 - 0 084 527 2 9. JULJ ,:.J ISSN 0170-9305 EPA-EPO-OE8 R^SSHHTRI "'»"»wffro -trz 'iurri, Europäisches European Bulletin européen Patentblatt Patent Bulletin des brevets Inhalt Contents Sommaire I Veröffentlichte Anmeldungen 2 I Published Applications 3 I Demandes publiées 3 1.1 Geordnet nach der Internationalen 1.1 Arranged in accordance with the 1.1 Classées selon la classification Patentklassifikation 8 International Patent internationale des brevets 8 1.2 Geordnet nach PCT-Veröffent- Classification 8 1.2 Classées selon les numéros de lichungsnummern 70 1.2 Arranged by PCT publication publication PCT 70 1.3(1) Geordnet nach Veröffentlichungs- number 70 13(1) Classées selon les numéros de nummern 71 1-3(1) Arranged by publication publication 71 1.3 (2) Geordnet nach Anmelde- number 71 1-3(2) Classées selon les numéros des nummern 75 1.3 (2) Arranged by application demandes 75 1.4 Geordnet nach Namen der number 75 1.4 Classées selon les noms des Anmelder 80 1.4 Arranged by nîme of demandeurs 80 1.5 Geordnet nach benannten applicant 80 1.5 Classées selon les Etats Vertragsstaaten 88 1.5 Arranged by designated contractants désignés 88 1.6 (1) Nach Erstellung des europäischen Contracting State 88 1-6(1) Documents découverts après Recherchenberichts ermittelte neue 1.6 (1) Documents discovered after comple- l'établissement du rapport de Schriftstücke — tion of the European search recherche européenne — 1.6 (2) Gesonderte Veröffentlichung des report — 1.6 (2) Publication séparée du
    [Show full text]
  • A Magnetohydrodynamic Study of Behavior in an Electrolyte Fluid Using Numerical and Experimental Solutions
    Ciência/Science A MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC STUDY OF BEHAVIOR IN AN ELECTROLYTE FLUID USING NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL SOLUTIONS L. P. Aoki, ABSTRACT M. G. Maunsell, This article examines a rectangular closed circuit filled with an electrolyte and H. E. Schulz fluid, known as macro pumps, where a permanent magnet generates a magnetic field and electrodes generate the electric field in the flow. The fluid conductor moves inside the circuit under magnetohydrodynamic effect (MHD). The MHD model has been derived from the Navier Stokes equation and coupled with the Maxwell equations for Newtonian incompressible Universidade de São Paulo fluid. Electric and magnetic components engaged in the test chamber assist Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos in creating the propulsion of the electrolyte fluid. The electromagnetic Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica forces that arise are due to the cross product between the vector density of induced current and the vector density of magnetic field applied. This is the Parque Arnold Schimidt Lorentz force. Results are present of 3D numerical MHD simulation for CP. 13566-590, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brasil newtonian fluid as well as experimental data. The goal is to relate the [email protected] magnetic field with the electric field and the amounts of movement produced, and calculate de current density and fluid velocity. An u-shaped and m-shaped velocity profile is expected in the flows. The flow analysis is performed with the magnetic field fixed, while the electric field is changed. Observing the interaction between the fields strengths, and density of the electrolyte fluid, an optimal configuration for the flow velocity is determined and compared with others publications.
    [Show full text]
  • Electromagnetic Pumps for Liquid Metals
    Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1965 Electromagnetic pumps for liquid metals Gutierrez, Alejandro U. Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/12091 NPS ARCHIVE 1965 GUTIERREZ, A. ELECTROMAGNETIC \>\M?$ FOR LIQUID METALS ALEJANDRO U. GUTIERREZ CLAIR E. HECKATHORN \m H Hi »»»»»i iL^LlllJAhUiA:. •y iduatt; DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY ifornia ELECTROMAGNETIC PUMPS FOR LIQUID METALS ***** Alejandro U. Gutierrez and Clair E. Heckathorn ELECTROMAGNETIC PUMPS FOR LIQUID METALS by Alejandro U. Gutierrez Lieutenant Junior Grade, Chilean Navy and Clair E. Heckathom Lieutenant, United States Navy Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING United States Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, California 19 6 5 ELECTRON GNETIC PUMPS FOR LIQUID METALS by Alejandro U. Gutierrez and Clair E. Heckathorn This work is accepted as fulfilling the thesis requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING from the United States Naval Postgraduate School ABSTRACT This thesis is the result of a literary research on the subject of electromagnetic pumps for liquid metals. The research was conducted at the U. S. Naval Postgraduate School to educate the authors in the field oi" electromagnetic pimps and to fulfill requirements for a Master of Science Degree i n Electrical Engineering. This thesis which is a synopsis or' information obtained from various technical publications is designed to give the reader information on the theory and design of electromagnetic pumps in general. Included are: (I) Description of operation of all types of conduction and induction pumps (?) The development of the DC conduction pump from the equivalent circuit.
    [Show full text]
  • An Ionospheric Modification Facility for the Magnetic Equator J
    An Ionospheric Modification Facility for the Magnetic Equator J. L. Chau, Jicamarca Radio Observatory, Peru ([email protected]) S. A. Gonzalez, Arecibo Observatory, Arecibo, Puerto Rico, USA ([email protected]) M. P. Sulzer, Arecibo Observatory, Arecibo, Puerto Rico, USA ([email protected]) E. Nossa, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA ([email protected]) B. Isham, Interamerican University, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, USA ([email protected]) Summary This is a conceptual proposal for the deployment of an ionospheric modification facility, also called and HF facility or ionospheric heater, near the geomagnetic equator. A heater is a powerful high- frequency (HF), or shortwave, radio transmitter that can be used to induce a number of phenomena in the ionospheric plasma. Some of these phenomena provide insights into complicated plasma physics processes that may occur elsewhere in nature but that are difficult or impossible to explore in the laboratory or numerically. Other HF-induced phenomena provide diagnostics of naturally- occurring ionospheric phenomena. HF ionospheric modification may affect the propagation of radio signals passing through the modified region, which is how the phenomenon was first discovered (i.e. the Radio Luxembourg effect [Bailey and Martyn, 1934]). HF transmissions may modify plasma density, increase electron and ion temperatures (which is why they are called heaters), create field-aligned plasma density irregularities that may be interrogated by small coherent scatter radars, and generate VLF and ELF radiation, which has practical societal utility (e.g. in underwater communications and underground remote sensing). By inducing turbulence, and through other processes, they add energy to electrostatic ion-acoustic and Langmuir modes that may be observed by incoherent scatter.
    [Show full text]
  • Electromagnetic Pump
    Acta Scientific Applied Physics Volume 2 Issue 3 August 2021 Review Article Electromagnetic Pump Bahman Zohuri* Received: June 19, 2021 Galaxy Advanced Engineering, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Albuquerque, New Published: July 09, 2021 Mexico, USA Bahman Zohuri. *Corresponding Author: Bahman Zohuri, Galaxy Advanced Engineering, Chief © All rights are reserved by Executive Officer (CEO), Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. Abstract An electromagnetic pump is a pump that moves liquid in form of metal in particular, any electrically conductive liquid using electromagnetism phenomena. By law of physics of electromagnetic, a magnetic field can be defined as a set at right angles to the direction the liquid moves in, while a current is passing through it as well. This events, induce an electromagnetic force for the movements of the liquid. Applications of electromagnetic pump is including pumping liquid metal through any cooling system that areKeywords: installed inside of liquid metal container in particular. Electromagnetic; Pump; Liquid; Heat Transfer; Neutronic; Electric Current; Pumping Liquid Metal Introduction Electromagnetic Pumps are passive pump system and have Sodium is used as a coolant in fast breeder reactors because of a fairly good conductor of electricity also and this has led to de- - its excellent neutronic and heat transfer characteristics. Sodium is - velopment of many electromagnetic sensors and devices for use in been integrated in use for pumping liquid sodium in auxiliary cool ing circuits such as fill and drain from the container of such metal - lic liquid, and purification circuits of sodium cooled fast breeder liquid sodium. One such device is the electromagnetic pump which nuclear reactors, such as Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMF is used to pump liquid sodium in auxiliary circuits of a fast reactor BR).
    [Show full text]