Assaf Annual Report 2013/14

Home , Claire Penn, Fulufhelo Nelwamondo, Himla Soodyall, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Tshilidzi Marwala, Valerie Mizrahi

1 2 Abbreviations & Acronyms 5

Message from the President 8

Message from the Executive Officer 10

Introduction 12 Strategic Intent 13 Vision 13 Mission 13 Strategic Goals 13 Objectives 13 Values 14 Structure 14

1 Administration and Governance Programme 14 1.1 Governance 15 1.2 Membership 19 1.3 Infrastructure – Personnel and Physical 21

2 Policy Advisory Programme 22 2.1 Health Studies 23 2.2 Biosafety and Biosecurity Studies 25 2.3 Energy and Environment Studies 25 2.4 Humanities Studies 27 2.5 Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Education Studies 27 2.6 Science for Poverty Alleviation Studies 28 2.7 Science Policy Studies 29

3 Scholarly Publishing Programme 30 3.1 Open Access Platform 31 3.2 National Scholarly Book Publishers’ Forum 32 3.3 Peer Review of South African Scholarly Journals 32 3.4 National Scholarly Editors’ Forum 32 3.5 Access to Core Commercial Databases 32 3.6 Joint Working Groups 33 3.7 South African Journal of Science 33

3 4 Liaison Programme 34 4.1 International Strategic Partnerships 35 4.2 Africa Cooperation 36 4.3 National Liaison Activities 38

5 Communication and Publications Programme 41 5.1 Marketing of the Academy 41 5.2 Production, Publishing and Dissemination of Reports 42 5.3 Public Awareness of Science 42

6 South African Young Academy of Science (SAYAS) Activities 43 6.1 Introduction 43 6.2 National Activities 44 6.3 Regional and International Activities 46

7 South African Academy of Engineering (SAAE) Activities 48 7.1 Introduction 49 7.2 National Activities 49 7.3 International Activities 50

8 Abridged Annual Financial Statements for the Year ended 31 March 2014 52

Approval of the Abridged Annual Financial Statements 54 Report of the Independent Auditors 55 Statement of Financial Position 56 Statement of Comprehensive Income 57 Statement of Cash Flows 58 Notes to the Annual Financial Statements 59

ANNEXURE A – ASSAf Member Biographies 60 ANNEXURE B – SAYAS Member Biographies 78 ANNEXURE C – SAAE Member Biographies 80 Abbreviations & Acronyms

AAS African Academy of Sciences AMASA Annual Meeting of African Science Academies ARC Agricultural Research Council ASSAf Academy of Science of South Africa ATPS African Technology Policy Studies Network AU African Union B4FA Biosciences for Farming in Africa BRICS Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa CAETS Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences CAPRISA Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa CASTED Chinese Academy of Science, Technology and Development CBEP Cooperative Biological Engagement Programme CHE Council on Higher Education CoE Centre of Excellence COHORT Committee of Heads of Organisations for Research and Technology CREST Centre for Research on Science and Technology CSfPA Committee on Science for Poverty Alleviation CSPiSA Committee on Scholarly Publishing in South Africa CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research DHET Department of Higher Education and Training DST Department of Science and Technology DVC Deputy Vice-Chancellor EAS Ethiopian Academy of Sciences EU European Union FP7 Seventh Framework Programme FRF First Rand Foundation GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GM Genetic modification GYA Global Young Academy GloSYS Global State of Young Scientists HEI Higher education institute HSRC Human Sciences Research Council

5 IAC InterAcademy Council IAMP InterAcademy Medical Panel IANAS InterAmerican Network of Academies of Sciences IAP The Global Network of Science Academies IBSE Inquiry-based science education ICSU International Council for Science INSA Indian National Science Academy IOM Institute of Medicine KNAS Kenyan National Academy of Sciences MatCH Maternal Adolescent and Child Health Unit MoU Memorandum of Understanding MRC Medical Research Council MTEF Medium-term Expenditure Framework NACI National Advisory Council on Innovation NASAC Network of African Science Academies NCDs Non-communicable diseases Necsa South African Nuclear Energy Corporation NHI National Health Insurance NHLS National Health Laboratory Service NMMU Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University NRF National Research Foundation NSBPF National Scholarly Book Publishers’ Forum NSEF National Scholarly Editors’ Forum NSI National System of Innovation NSTF National Science and Technology Forum NSW National Science Week NYAs National Young Academies OWSD Organisation for Women Scientists in the Developing World R&D Research and development RECORD Renewable Energy Centre of Research and Development RU Rhodes University SAAE South African Academy of Engineering SAASTA South African Agency for Science and Technology Advancement SADC Southern African Development Community

6 SADC WISET SADC Women in Science, Engineering and Technology SANBI South African National Biodiversity Institute SANEDI South African National Energy Development Institute SAJS South African Journal of Science SAYAS South African Young Academy of Science SciELO Scientific Electronic Library Online SciELO-SA Scientific Electronic Library Online-South Africa SfS Science for Society Sida Swedish International Development Agency SNAS Sudanese National Academy of Sciences SPP Scholarly Publishing Programme SPU Scholarly Publishing Unit SSA Sub-Saharan Africa S&T Science and technology STEM Science, technology, engineering and mathematics SU Stellenbosch University SURMEPI Stellenbosch University Rural Medical Education Partnership Initiative TIA Technology Innovation Agency TUT Tshwane University of Technology TWAS The World Academy of Sciences UCT University of Cape Town UFS University of the Free State UKZN University of KwaZulu-Natal UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation Unisa University of South Africa UP University of Pretoria UWC University of the Western Cape VC Vice-Chancellor WG Working Group WoK Web of Knowledge WoS Web of Science ZAS Zimbabwe Academy of Sciences ZYMYAS Zimbabwe Young Academy of Sciences

7 8 The Academy continues energetically to fulfill its mandate of providing evidence-based science advice in support of policy development on issues of national significance to government and beyond. It is gratifying to note the increasing understanding and recognition, across a broad range of sectors, of the unique role that the Academy is positioned to play by virtue of being able to call on a substantial pool of experts able to provide advice that is free of vested interests. In addition to initiating activities such as assessment studies and specialist workshops, the Acad- emy has been pleased to receive, and to respond to, an increasing number of requests to carry out evidence-based studies that would inform policymakers.

The stature of the Academy and its activities at the continental and international levels continue to grow. We serve as executive members of the InterAcademy Medical Panel (IAMP), the Global Network of Science Academies (IAP), and of NASAC, the Network of African Science Academies. In addition, relationships and collaboration with individual academies or groups of academies provide an effective means of pursuing objectives of common interest that extend beyond national boundaries.

Memoranda of understanding (MoU) with fellow academies generally follow a period during which the relationships have matured, and are concluded on the understanding that such agreements be given substance through collaborative activities on issues of mutual interest. The formal conclusion of an MoU with the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, followed a highly successful symposium on technological innovations for a low carbon society, hosted jointly with ASSAf, the launch of the proceedings report in 2013, and the identification of areas of strategic interest to both countries that will form the basis of future collaborative activities.

It is pertinent to highlight the role that the Academy plays in the area of energy, an issue of substantial national importance. Relevant activities in previous years include a symposium on nuclear safety, a commentary on the 2010 Integrated Resource Plan for Electricity, and collaboration in producing a policymakers’ booklet on access to energy in sub-Saharan Africa. This annual report provides details of an in-depth study on the state of energy research in South Africa. The Academy is well placed to contribute to the complex current debates on the preferred energy mix for our country, and anticipates further significant activity in this arena.

It is a great pleasure for me to record my sincere thanks and appreciation to Professor Roseanne Diab, Executive Officer, and to her staff in the secretariat, for their unstinting support and dedi- cation. I also acknowledge the wisdom of Council members who have most ably promoted the cause of the Academy. Finally, I thank the Minister and officials of the Department of Science and Technology for their advice, their efforts in ensuring a solid financial base for the Academy, and for their enthusiastic support of its activities.

Professor Daya Reddy President: Academy of Science of South Africa

9 The past year can be characterised as one in which, following the release of the Ministerial Review Committee report, there was much discussion about the roles of the various institutions in the science system. For the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), the outcome was a greater clarity of vision as the niche of the Academy in the science system in terms of science advice became more defined. Following the discussions around the science policy advisory role, ASSAf has clearly focused its attention on in-depth evidence-based studies that suit the traditional Academy mode of enquiry. Rapid response advice and confidential advice were seen as more suited to the role of the National Advisory Council on Innovation (NACI).

ASSAf’s financial situation improved considerably in this past year as a result of the additional injec- tion of funding into the Scholarly Publishing Programme by the Department of Science and Tech- nology (DST). It has taken a while to appoint the necessary staff and ramp up the activities, conse- quently the full effect of the increased funding will only be realised fully in the next financial year.

10 There was a pleasing output in terms of reports published this past year: a consensus study report on assessment of micronutrients; reports on the research and impact of the centres of excellence for the National Research Foundation (NRF) and a review of the state of the Science, Technology and Innovation system; two peer-review reports on scholarly journals in South Africa, viz. Theology and Health Sciences; three symposium proceedings reports, a policymakers’ booklet on preventing a tobacco epidemic in Africa in collaboration with other African science academies, and a commentary on the establishment of the National Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences. The production of such evidence-based scholarly reports represents the culmination of a large invest- ment of time and effort on the part of our Members and other experts on a volunteer basis and is greatly appreciated and valued. These reports directly address one of ASSAf’s foremost goals – providing science advice in support of policy development.

In addition to in-depth studies, ASSAf convened many workshops and symposia. The highlight of the year was the hosting of the triennial InterAcademy Medical Panel (IAMP) General Assembly and Conference on Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs). Attended by 138 delegates from 48 countries, this conference brought into sharper focus the importance of NCDs for the African continent. ASSAf was elected to the Executive Committee of the IAMP, increasing its role as a global player and adding to its executive membership of The Global Network of Science Academies (IAP), the InterAcademy Council (IAC) and the Network of African Science Academies (NASAC).

ASSAf’s convening power was utilised for the first time to host an official United Nations media event to coincide with the release of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report and raise awareness about climate change impacts. Seven South African climate change scientists involved in the IPCC process addressed a large media gathering and contributed towards another of the Academy’s goals, that of promoting public interest in science.

The Scholarly Publishing Programme (SPP) of ASSAf had some significant achievements in the reporting year. The SciELO-SA open access platform was officially launched at an event that marked the certification of the South African collection and further strengthened the ties between Brazil and South Africa. SciELO became part of the Web of Science collection, which is anticipated to increase visibility of South African journals. In addition to the evaluative journal peer review reports mentioned above, 16 journal titles were added to the open access platform in 2013/14. Ties with both the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET) strengthened in terms of scholarly publishing activities and have laid an important basis for future cooperation.

ASSAf continued to build relationships with other science academies during the past year. We partnered with the Zimbabwe Academy of Sciences (ZAS) and the Kenyan National Academy of Sciences (KNAS) in hosting events that attracted policymakers in each of their countries. Afri- can science academies, supported by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), also collaborated in the production of a report on Preventing a Tobacco Epidemic in Africa. ASSAf’s collaboration with Leopoldina, the German science academy, continues to strengthen with the signing of a memorandum of understanding (MoU), the publication of a joint workshop proceedings report on low carbon technologies and the planning of many future joint activities. Amidst all the Academy activities, it is important not to forget the sterling work that is undertaken consistently throughout the year to produce our two periodical publications, the South African Journal of Science and Quest: Science for South Africa. Both maintain a high standard and fulfil their roles of promoting scholarly activity and raising science awareness respectively.

Finally, it remains for me to acknowledge the guidance and support received from the ASSAf Council, under the leadership of Prof Daya Reddy and to express my sincere thanks to all the staff of the Academy on whom we depend for the many activities and outputs reported here.

Prof Roseanne Diab Executive Officer: Academy of Science of South Africa

11 12 The Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), in its unique position as the only national science academy that is officially recognised by the South African government through the ASSAf Act (Act 67 of 2001), as amended, aims to provide evidence-based scientific advice on issues of public interest to government and other stakeholders. ASSAf regularly publishes its findings and recommendations and also acknowledges the achievements of South African scientists in order to develop the intellectual capacity of the nation and promote innovative scholarly thinking. The Academy enjoys regular interaction and knowledge exchange with other national science academies throughout the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region, the Afri- can continent, and the global scientific community.

Strategic Intent

The Academy will be acknowledged, both nationally and internationally, as a credible, professional and respected collective voice representing the national interests of the sciences, to policy and decision-makers, the private sector, science community and the general public.

Vision

The Academy of Science of South Africa aspires to be the apex organisation for science and scholarship in South Africa, recognised and connected both nationally and internationally. Through its Membership, which represents the collective voice of the most active scholars in all fields of scholarly enquiry, ASSAf aims to generate evidence-based solutions to national problems.

Mission

The mission of the Academy is to: • recognise scholarly achievement and excellence in the application of scientific thinking for the benefit of society; • mobilise Members to ensure that they are available to contribute their expertise in the service of society; • conduct systematic and evidence-based studies on issues of national importance, producing authoritative reports that have significant impact on policymaking; • promote the development of an indigenous system of South African research publications, increasing their quality, visibility, accessibility and impact; • publish science-focused periodicals that will showcase the best of southern African research to a wide national and international audience; • develop productive partnerships with national, regional and international organisations with a view to building our capacity in science and its application within the National System of Inno- vation (NSI); • create diversified sources of funding for sustainable functioning and growth of a national academy; • communicate effectively with relevant stakeholders through various media and fora.

Strategic Goals

The strategic goals of the Academy are as follows: 1. Recognition and reward of excellence 2. Promotion of innovation and scholarly activity 3. Promotion of effective, evidence-based scientific advice 4. Promotion of interest in and awareness of science education 5. Promotion of national, regional and international linkages

Objectives

The key objective of the Academy is to promote and apply scientific thinking in the service of society. To this end, the Academy shall: • use the common ground of scientific knowledge and activity to remove barriers between people and obstacles to the full development of their intellectual capacity; • endeavour in every possible way to inspire, promote and recognise excellence in scientific and technical practice;

13 • investigate and publicly report on various matters, in its own discretion or at the request of government or organisations in civil society, in order to promote and apply scientific thinking in the service of society; • promote science education and a culture of science in the population at large; • maintain strict independence while consulting other organisations and individuals in the widest manner possible; • endeavour to establish and develop close relations with scientific organisations in South Africa and with similar academies in other countries; and • take any other action that it may consider necessary towards the attainment of its key objective.

Values

The values of the Academy are to: • remain independent of government and sectoral lobbies; • use best-available evidence and scientific knowledge as drivers towards generating recommended solutions to national problems; • apply multidisciplinary and consilience in its approach; • adhere to the highest ethical and moral standards; • recognise the essentially developmental nature of our society and the importance of the natural environment, both for their own sake and from a human and utilitarian perspective.

Structure

The activities of the Academy are structured for budgetary and reporting purposes into five programmes: • Administration and Governance Programme • Policy Advisory Programme • Scholarly Publishing Programme • Liaison Programme • Communication and Publications Programme

14 This programme is central to the efficient functioning of the Academy, providing essential administrative and financial support to the Council and the secretariat. The programme is also responsible for all reporting requirements.

Strategic objectives of the programme are: • Promotion of good governance through Council • Promotion of recognition and involvement of Members • Promotion of sound financial management • Promotion of sound human resource management in the secretariat

1.1 Governance

The Academy’s activities are guided by the ASSAf Act (Act 67 of 2001), as amended by the Sci- ence and Technology Laws Amendment Act (Act 16 of 2011), and a set of established regulations that collectively comprise the Academy’s Constitution.

Good governance of the Academy is ensured through regular meetings of Council, the execution of Council elections, support of Council meetings and efficient and effective execution of Council resolutions.

The ASSAf Council comprises 13 members, of whom 12 are elected from the Membership and one is appointed by the Minister of Science and Technology as a representative of the National Advisory Council on Innovation (NACI). The Academy has five office-bearers: the President, two Vice-Presidents, General Secretary and Treasurer.

The appointment of advisors to the ASSAf Council is executed in terms of Regulation 8 of the Con- stitution.

The Council has three standing committees: an Executive Committee comprising the office-bearers that allows for decision-making on important matters in the intervals between Council meetings; an Audit Committee, and a Human Resources Committee.

At least four Council meetings are held each year and Council elections have been held every four years with effect from 2012 in accordance with the Science and Technology Laws Amend- ment Act (Act 16 of 2011).

Council members do not receive any remuneration for their involvement in governing the activities of the Academy. Funds are allocated to cover Council members’ travel and logistical costs associated with Council and other Academy meetings.

15 Council Composition

The composition of the ASSAf Council is as follows.

President and Chairperson of ASSAf Council

Prof Dayanand (Daya) Reddy holds the South African Research Chair in Computational Mechanics in the Department of Math- ematics and Applied Mathematics at the University of Cape Town (UCT). He is also Director of the Centre for Research in Computational and Applied Mechanics, and served as Dean of the Faculty of Science at UCT over the period 1999-2005. He is a recipient of the National Order of Mapungubwe (Bronze), and a Fellow of The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) and the African Academy of Sciences (AAS).

Vice-Presidents

Prof Patricia Berjak is Emeritus Professor and Senior Research As- sociate at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN). She is a Fellow of the university and of TWAS. In 2006, she was awarded the National Order of Mapungubwe (Silver).

Prof Iqbal Parker is the Director of the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, UCT. He was the Head of the Division of Medical Biochemistry and Director of Research in the Health Science Faculty at UCT. He is a founder Member of ASSAf and served as General Secretary from 2000-2004. He is a Fellow of TWAS.

General Secretary

Prof Hester (Esté) Vorster, previous Director of the Centre of Ex- cellence for Nutrition at North-West University and a Research Professor in Nutrition at the university, resigned from the position as General Secretary of ASSAf due to ill health. The Academy is in the process of electing a successor.

Treasurer

Prof Sunil Maharaj holds the South African Research Chair in Gravitating Systems. He is a Senior Professor of Applied Math- ematics at UKZN and serves as Director of the Astrophysics and Cosmology Research Unit.

16 ASSAf Council Members

Prof Robert M Adam is Group Executive at the Aveng Group. He was Chief Executive Officer of the South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa) and was the Director-General of the Department of Science and Technology (DST). He holds the position of Extraordinary Professor of Physics at both the Univer- sity of Pretoria (UP)and the University of South Africa (Unisa).

Prof Ahmed Bawa is Vice-Chancellor and Principal of the Dur- ban University of Technology (DUT). Previously he was Professor and Distinguished Lecturer at Hunter College, City University of New York and Deputy Vice-Chancellor (DVC) for Research at UKZN. He is the former Chairperson of Higher Education South Africa (HESA).

Prof Hoosen Coovadia is Director: Maternal Adolescent and Child Health, Wits and Commissioner at the National Planning Commission in the Presidency. He has been the recipient of some of the highest awards for work in health and human rights from both national and international organisations.

Prof Johann Mouton is Director of the Centre for Research on Evaluation, Science and Technology (CREST) and Director of the African Doctoral Academy at Stellenbosch University (SU).

Prof Himla Soodyall is the Director of the MRC/NHLS/Wits Human Genomic Diversity and Disease Research Unit at the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) and Wits. She is the recipient of the National Order of Mapungubwe (Bronze).

17 Prof Zeblon Vilakazi is the DVC Research and Postgraduate Af- fairs at Wits and Extraordinary Professor at UP.

Prof Brenda Wingfield is Deputy Dean in the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences and Professor of Genetics at UP. She also served as the Chair of the National Science and Techno- logy Forum (NSTF) until recently.

NACI Representative

Prof Francis Petersen is Dean of Engineering and the Built En- vironment at UCT. He is a leader in developing South Africa’s innovation strategy and serves as a member of the NACI Board and is Chair of the Board of the Council for Scientific and Indus- trial Research (CSIR).

Council Advisors

Prof Wieland Gevers is Emeritus Professor of Medical Biochem- istry and former Senior DVC at UCT. He is a former President of ASSAf (1998-2004)and is a Fellow of TWAS and a recipient of the National Order of Mapungubwe (Silver).

Prof John Mubangizi is a Professor of Law at UKZN. He is also DVC and Head of the College of Law and Management Stud- ies at the university.

18 Prof Nyameko Barney Pityana is the Rector of the College of the Transfiguration, Grahamstown. He is the former Principal and Vice-Chancellor of Unisa. He was Chairperson of HESA and Chairman of the African Council for Distance Education.

Council Member Attendance of Council Meetings in 2013/14

The ASSAf Council met four times during 2013/14. Office-bearers’ attendance (excluding Prof Vorster) of the Council meetings averaged 81% (See Record of Attendance at ASSAf Council meetings), while the average attendance rate of non-office- bearers, including the advisors to Council), was 57%.

Record of Attendance at ASSAf Council Meetings

Council Member Attendance Prof Rob Adam 3 Prof Ahmed Bawa 2 Prof Patricia Berjak 2 Prof Hoosen Coovadia 3 * Prof Wieland Gevers 1 Prof Sunil Maharaj 4 Prof Johann Mouton 2 * Prof John Mubangizi 3 Prof Iqbal Parker 3 Prof Francis Petersen 0 * Prof Nyameko Barney Pityana 3 Prof Daya Reddy 4 Prof Himla Soodyall 3 Prof Zeblon Vilakazi 2 ** Prof Hester Vorster 1 Prof Brenda Wingfield 3 * Council advisor ** Resigned from Council on 11 February 2014

The Executive Committee met twice during 2013/2014, the Au- dit Committee three times, and the Human Resources Commit- tee twice.

1.2 Membership

The core function of any national science academy is to hon- our the country’s most outstanding scholars by electing them to Membership of the Academy. ASSAf Members are drawn from the full discipline spectrum as shown in the figure below. Of these, 24% are women and 27% black.

19 ASSAf Membership by Discipline 2014

Disciplines

Thirty-two new Members were elected during this past year. Another round of nominations and elections will be conducted in mid-2014.

Members elected in 2013 were:

Name Affiliation Discipline Prof Lee Berger University of the Witwatersrand Life Sciences Prof William (Bill) Bishai University of KwaZulu-Natal Health/Medical Sciences Prof Claude Carignan University of Cape Town Physical Sciences Prof Tilman Dedering University of South Africa Humanities Technological/ Prof Tania Douglas University of Cape Town Engineering Sciences Prof Themba Dube University of South Africa Mathematical Sciences Prof William (Fred) Ellery Rhodes University Life Sciences Prof Jacobus (Kobus) Eloff University of Pretoria Agricultural Sciences Prof Andrew Forbes CSIR National Laser Centre Physical Sciences Prof Bao-Zhu Guo University of the Witwatersrand Mathematical Sciences Prof Willem Hanekom University of Cape Town Health/Medical Sciences Prof Branislav Jeremic Stellenbosch University Health/Medical Sciences Prof Colin Kenyon CSIR Health/Medical Sciences Prof Anna Kramvis University of the Witwatersrand Health/Medical Sciences Prof Delia Marshall University of the Western Cape Education Prof Ebrahim Momoniat University of the Witwatersrand Mathematical Sciences Prof Kathryn Myburgh Stellenbosch University Health/Medical Sciences Prof Sabelo Ndlovu-Gatsheni University of South Africa Humanities Prof Marie-Louise Newell University of KwaZulu-Natal Health/Medical Sciences Prof Stella Nkomo University of Pretoria Economic Sciences Prof Ruksana Osman University of the Witwatersrand Education Prof Michael Pepper University of Pretoria Health/Medical Sciences Prof Francesco Petruccione University of KwaZulu-Natal Physical Sciences Prof Wolfgang Preiser Stellenbosch University Health/Medical Sciences Prof Jeremy Seekings University of Cape Town Social Sciences Prof Dirk Smit Stellenbosch University Humanities Prof Mark Solms University of Cape Town Social Sciences

20 Prof Gary Stevens Stellenbosch University Earth Sciences Prof Caroline Tiemessen University of the Witwatersrand Health/Medical Sciences Prof Louise Viljoen Stellenbosch University Humanities Prof Paula Watt University of KwaZulu-Natal Agricultural Sciences Prof Derek Yach The Vitality Group Health/Medical Sciences

The Council approved emeritus Membership for the following Members: Professors James Bull and Rosalie Finlayson. A Member may become an emeritus Member from the beginning of the year in which the Member turns 70 years of age.

Three Members of the Academy passed away during the year. They were Professors Casper Schutte, Peter Jacobs and Leana Uys.

The total Membership of ASSAf at the end of March 2014 stands at 423.

See Annexure A for a list of ASSAf Members.

1.3 Infrastructure – Personnel and Physical

Activities of the Academy are supported by a secretariat of 23 full-time staff. The secretariat is headed by an Executive Officer, Prof Roseanne Diab.

Ms Nadia Weitz was appointed as Programme Officer: Environment and Energy in the Policy Ad- visory Programme of the Academy and Ms Nadine Wubbeling’s position as Online Publishing Ad- ministrator changed from part time to full time. ASSAf appointed its own Cleaner as an alternative to outsourcing this activity. There were no resignations of staff during 2013/14.

The staff complement at the end of the 2013/2014 financial year was as follows:

Executive Officer : Professor Roseanne Diab Chief Operations Officer : Dr Xola Mati Financial Manager : Mr Morakeng Chiloane Administration Officer – Finance : Mr Justice Baloyi Administration Officer – General : Ms Lebo Makgae Senior Manager: Strategy and Liaison : Dr Takalani Rambau Senior Liaison Officer : Ms Dorothy Ngila Membership Liaison Officer : Ms Renate Venier Senior Programme Officer : Ms Phakamile Mngadi Programme Officer : Ms Zuki Mpiyakhe Programme Officer : Ms Nadia Weitz Communication Manager : Ms Patricia Scholtz Communication and Programme Officer : Ms Henriëtte Wagener Publications Coordinator : Mr Phathu Nemushungwa Director: Scholarly Publishing Unit : Mrs Susan Veldsman SciELO Operations Manager : Mrs Louise van Heerden Project Officer : Mr Mohau Moja Junior Project Officer : Mr Msimelelo Dingiswayo Junior Project Officer : Mr Tyrone Ngonyama Project Officer : Ms Gugulethu Mtsweni Managing Editor, SAJS : Dr Linda Fick Online Publishing Administrator : Ms Nadine Wubbeling Cleaner : Ms Jeanette Olifant

The periodical publications of the Academy, viz. the South African Journal of Science (SAJS) and Quest: Science for South Africa magazine are staffed by part-time contract editors who are supported in their editorial function and in the production of the journals by the full-time staff of the ASSAf secretariat.

The ASSAf secretariat is located in rented premises in Persequor Technopark.

21 22 In order for ASSAf to fulfil its science advisory role regarding key challenges facing the nation, a variety of consensus and assessment studies is undertaken. Activities are aligned closely with government’s strategic goals. ASSAf has expanded its science advisory activities through the publication of policymakers’ booklets on key topics and through commentaries on national policies. In the past year, ASSAf has undertaken three assessment studies, i.e. a Review of the State of the Science, Technology and Innovation System in South Africa, The State of Green Technologies in South Africa and The State of Energy Research in South Africa, of which the first is complete. ASSAf has published one consensus study on Improved Nutritional Assessment of Micronutrients.

Evidence-based study activities form the core of the Academy’s function and are aimed at providing science advice to government on a range of topics to support policy development. Apart from their advisory function, evidence-based study activities provide an important mechanism for establishing and strengthening international links, securing external project-related funding, and in mobilising ASSAf Members to volunteer their service on committees and panels.

ASSAf’s science advisory activities are guided by its Standing Committees, which provide strategic direction and guidance. ASSAf has Standing Committees on Health; Scholarly Publishing in South Africa; Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Education; Biosafety and Bios- ecurity; and Humanities.

The Academy’s full suite of evidence-based projects is summarised below.

2.1 Health Studies

Standing Committee on Health

The Standing Committee on Health was established in 2011 and meets regularly to provide input to the Academy’s various health-related activities.

Improved Nutritional Assessment of Micronutrients

This consensus study is a follow-up to the ASSAf consensus report on HIV/AIDS, TB and Nutrition (2007). One of the key findings of the 2007 report was the (surprising) national deficit in modern nutritional assessment methods, particularly tests of micronutrient status that were grounded in the most up-to-date understandings of relevant physiology and pathological chemistry, and that were reliable, affordable and practically helpful. The aim of the follow-up study was to address this finding, seeking to identify the best assessment modes to contribute to the prevention and treatment of these pandemic infectious conditions in the country. The six micronutrients identified as being most significant are vitamins A and D, folate, and the trace elements zinc, iron and selenium.

The study was published in 2013 and launched on 14 August 2013 during a gala dinner at the InterAcademy Medical Panel (IAMP) Conference on Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) in Jo- hannesburg.

The report confirms that deficiency of these micronutrients is a problem in South Africa and that they contribute directly or indirectly to HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis (TB).

While the nutritional status of the population adversely affects the physical and mental development of children and later performance, the nutritional status of individuals also influences general health, immunity against infectious diseases and protection against the development of chronic NCDs.

Poverty is a fundamental or root cause of under-nutrition because it is associated with unemploy- ment, inability to pay for nutritious food, health care and basic services, disintegration of family life, inability to care for children, vulnerability, homelessness and despair. The multi-factorial and inter-related causes of under-nutrition are characterised by its consequences, which aggravate the primary causes and form a vicious cycle of poverty and under-nutrition from which it is difficult to escape.

The study found that the micronutrient malnutrition affects more South Africans than the previously perceived vulnerable groups, such as infants, children, women of reproductive age and

23 the elderly. Reasons include poverty, food and nutrition insecurity, rapidly changing lifestyles and behaviours, as well as increased availability and affordability of energy-dense, micronutrient-poor foods.

The report calls on government to invest more resources in research on nutrition in general and specifically in the selected six micronutrients, as well as the role of the bowel microflora in contributing to nutritional health.

Reconceptualising Health Professional Education and Training in South Africa

An outcome of a workshop on the Education of Health Professionals, held in July 2012 in Pretoria, was the recognition that there is need for a consensus view on the education and training of health professionals and other health care workers in South Africa to consolidate current efforts and enhance new efforts to address the severe quantitative and qualitative shortfall in the health workforce.

ASSAf was identified as the most appropriate body to undertake such a study. A consensus study proposal was developed and approved by the ASSAf Council. The study commenced in January 2014, with seed funding from the US Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) facilitat- ed by the Stellenbosch University Rural Medical Education Partnership Initiative (SURMEPI). Efforts are underway to raise further funding for this study.

Tobacco Control in Africa

ASSAf collaborated with the United States Institute of Medicine (IOM) as well as science academies in Africa on the topic of tobacco control in Africa.

The aim of the project is to bring the issue of tobacco control to the attention of the African policymakers through a policymakers’ booklet that is endorsed and disseminated by the various academies.

ASSAf elected to launch the report at an event involving representatives from the Southern Afri- can Development Community (SADC). The launch of the report entitled Preventing a Tobacco Epidemic in Africa: A Call for Effective Action to Support Health, Social and Economic Develop- ment took place at an event hosted by ASSAf on 25 March 2014 in Sandton. The report will be disseminated widely in SADC countries.

Tobacco is estimated to kill up to one of every two users, with no other risk factor carrying such a high mortality rate, and costs more than half a trillion dollars in economic damages annually. As the use of tobacco has declined in high-income countries, the tobacco industry has increasingly turned to low and middle-income countries, particularly in Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe, to recruit new users. Without comprehensive tobacco prevention and control policies, it is estimated that smoking prevalence in the African region will increase by nearly 39% by 2030, from 15.8% in 2010 to 21.9% – the largest expected regional increase globally. Increasing prevalence, combined with sustained economic growth and changing population dynamics, could drive tobacco consumption in Africa to double within the next ten years with devastating effects on health, development efforts, and economic growth in African countries.

The Network of African Science Academies (NASAC), in collaboration with eight African academies, including ASSAf, and a 16-member committee of experts produced the report which sum- marises the findings and makes critical recommendations about tobacco-use prevention and control. ASSAf nominated Dr Yussuf Saloojee as the key South African expert to represent ASSAf on the topic.

This report presents the committee’s evidence-based recommendations for tobacco control in Africa. It outlines strategies that should place tobacco control policy on the African leadership agenda.

Mental, Neurological, and Substance Use (MNS) Disorders

In August 2013, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released a workshop summary report entitled Strengthening Human Resources through Development of Candidate Core Competencies for

24 Mental, Neurological, and Substance Use Disorders in sub-Saharan Africa. With funding from the IOM, ASSAf is in the process of conducting follow-up activities with regard to the implementation of core competencies (in South Africa) that were identified in the report.

A survey to assess the current MNS disorders education and training programmes in various institutions for the different cadres of workers is currently underway in preparation for a two-day symposium to be held in May 2014.

2.2 Biosafety and Biosecurity Studies

A Standing Committee on Biosafety and Biosecurity oversees all components of biosafety, including bioethics, bio-risks and good laboratory practice, as well as biosecurity.

The committee is currently undertaking a consensus study on The State of Biosafety and Biosecurity in South Africa funded by the US Cooperative Biological Engagement Programme (CBEP). The project commenced in October 2012 and is due for completion in the second quarter of 2014. The project has the following objectives:

• an assessment of research and diagnostic laboratories in South Africa; • an assessment of existing legislation and regulation in relation to biosafety and biosecurity; • an investigation into the applicability and balance of relevant ethical principles; • an evaluation of existing measures and capacity to detect, identify, control, and prevent the natural, accidental, or deliberate spread of infectious agents.

2.3 Energy and Environment Studies

State of Water in Southern Africa

Funding was received from NASAC to facilitate collaboration between ASSAf and the Zimbabwe Academy of Sciences (ZAS). ASSAf elected to launch the policymakers’ booklet on The State of Water in Southern Africa and to combine this with capacity building activities. The event took place on 6 December 2013 in Zimbabwe. It emphasised the importance and urgency of addressing water issues in Zimbabwe and provided policymakers with key issues to consider for future planning.

The booklet outlines the role that science academies can play in assisting policymakers and man- agers to address some of the key water challenges in the southern African region. It is intended to be useful to policymakers in the water sector, and to policymakers in those sectors that are major water users, such as the agricultural, industrial and mining sectors, as well as those with a mandate to protect the natural environment and those whose policies and decisions impact directly or indirectly on water quantity, quality and accessibility.

The booklet focuses on six countries, namely Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zam- bia and Zimbabwe. However, the messages in the booklet are relevant to the broader southern African region and should resonate with policymakers in the southern Africa region.

Together with other similar studies from East, West and North Africa, which are in progress, the intention is to present an overview of water issues on the continent.

The booklet highlights seven key messages, namely, ensure access to reliable data; develop human and institutional capacity; improve infrastructure provision and maintenance; address invest- ment and financing; adapt and mitigate implications of climate change; manage water quality; and address sanitation challenges.

Technological Innovations for a Low Carbon Society

A symposium on Technological Innovations for a Low Carbon Society was hosted jointly in Octo- ber 2012 by the national science academies of South Africa and Germany, ASSAf and Leopoldina respectively, as one of many initiatives of the German-South Africa Year of Science. It presented an opportunity to highlight partnerships between Germany and South Africa and to intensify cooperation between the two academies in an area of strategic importance to both countries.

25 A proceedings report on the symposium was published in May 2013 and launched at an event that marked the signing of a memorandum of understanding between ASSAf and Leopoldina.

The challenge of finding sustainable, low carbon solutions to a global problem, such as climate change, is pertinent for both Germany and South Africa, notwithstanding their different developmental stages and different socio-economic and political contexts.

Themes addressed included the energy-water-food nexus for resilient societies; low cost, low carbon innovations for poverty alleviation; smart city innovations; new and emerging technologies, such as carbon capture and storage and The Beauti-fuel Project aimed at converting biomass to liquid fuel, and the potential for solar power in South Africa.

It was noted that South Africa can be viewed as a ‘playground’ for finding innovative low carbon solutions due to the untapped wind and solar energy resources and the excellent research ca- pability.

Some of the key messages for South African policymakers that emerged were: • Technological innovation has to be complemented by building generic scientific and technological capabilities. Human capital development is a key underpinning factor. • Technological aspects emerged as not necessarily the major factors to consider in the transition to a low carbon society in South Africa. A call was made to focus more on social developmental and human behavioural aspects. • The job creation potential of low carbon technologies needs to be scrutinised and low carbon technologies that support development and alleviate poverty need to be encouraged. • It was also recognised that there is a need for transition management and that much work is required in terms of setting regulations and standards, accessing international financing opportunities and exploring innovative business models. • The importance of links between government and the private sector were stressed and it was noted that public-private partnerships should be developed to include all stakeholders in society.

Green Technologies: Drivers, Barriers and Gatekeepers

Green technologies are technologies that are environmentally friendly and are created and used in a way that conserves natural resources, minimises damage to the environment and are key to achieving the green economy ambitions of South Africa. Green technologies include, but are not limited to, energy, water, waste, construction and health technologies. The promotion and growth of green technologies are important as they have the potential to create jobs and grow the economy, improve rural livelihoods, conserve natural resources and reduce pollution.

While some green technologies are available to implement, others need further development to become affordable, attractive alternatives. In order to seize innovative and useful opportunities to transition to a green economy, it is important to ensure that the green technologies that are implemented are sustainable in a local context. This can be challenging as well-established technologies often dominate the various sectors and provide services at lower costs, inhibiting new green technology innovations from entering the market. There is a need for a study that documents available green technologies, their strengths and weaknesses, and applicability and implementation in a South African context.

The Academy is undertaking such a study on The State of Green Technologies in South Africa for the DST. As part of the information gathering for this study, ASSAf hosted a symposium on Green Technologies: Drivers, Barriers and Gatekeepers on 10 September 2013. The aim was to identify and discuss factors that influenced the demand and uptake of green technologies.

The target audience at the symposium was representatives from academia, government, the private sector, as well as civil society.

Release of IPCC Fifth Assessment Report

The Academy hosted an official United Nations media event on 31 March 2014 at the Nedbank Corporate Services in Sandton. This event coincided with the release of the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Working Group (WG) II report, which focused

26 on impacts and adaptations. The purpose was to raise media and public awareness of this important report. ASSAf also made use of live streaming and Twitter to convey its activities to the media and public. The event was attended by a large media contingent which was addressed by seven foremost South African scientists involved in the IPCC WG II.

The State of Energy Research in South Africa

The Academy was contracted by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) and its partner organisation, the Renewable Energy Centre of Research and Development (RECORD), to undertake an in-depth study on The State of Energy Research in South Africa. The motivation for the project is to improve the understanding of the energy research landscape in South Africa, in order to support the South African National Energy Development Institute (SANEDI) to fulfill its functions in terms of energy research support and coordination in South Africa.

Specific objectives of the project are: • to provide an overview of current energy research being commissioned and undertaken at higher education institutions (HEIs); • to identify common themes and priorities in energy research; • to identify possible gaps that are not being covered by current energy research; • to compile a profile of the energy researchers actively working in the field; • to make recommendations on future energy research focal areas for South Africa; • to investigate the budgetary allocation to energy research in South Africa from the National Research Foundation (NRF) and other public and private institutions.

The study was divided into five broad fields, viz. Renewable Energy (wind, wave, solar, etc.), Re- newable Energy (bio), Nuclear Energy, Fossil Fuels, and Energy Efficiency and Storage. Data were gathered using a combination of desktop studies, interviews and a questionnaire-based survey. In addition, a bibliometric study of energy research in South Africa was conducted; a scan of energy and energy-related intellectual property (IP) was undertaken; and a scan of energy and energy- related Masters and doctoral theses/dissertations was undertaken.

The study report is currently in production.

2.4 Humanities Studies

Standing Committee on Humanities

Activities in the Humanities field are overseen by a Standing Committee on the Humanities, which was established in 2012 following one of the recommendations of the ASSAf consensus study on The State of Humanities in South Africa. The study aimed at examining the status and role of the Humanities in South Africa and suggested ways to strengthen and advance the contribution of the Humanities to national life and development in South Africa.

Publication of the ASSAf consensus study coincided with a report of the Humanities and Social Sci- ences Charter Group of the Department of Higher Education and Training.

Activities of the committee have focused on crafting future cooperation and a way forward for the two reports, as well as planning for an international conference entitled “On being Contro- versial: The Humanities reach out.” The conference will be held from 26 to 27 June 2014 in Pretoria and Professor Craig Calhoun, Director of the London School of Economics and Political Science will be the keynote speaker.

2.5 Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Education Studies

A Standing Committee on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education provides strategic direction to the Academy’s education initiatives. The committee is overseeing two main projects.

Revitalising Agricultural Education and Training (AET) in South Africa

The Agricultural Education and Training (AET) consensus study panel has been constituted, with its main aim being to identify the challenges facing the AET sector in South Africa and to provide

27 recommendations that will ensure efficient and effective education and training. With funding from the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) and the Oppenheimer Memorial Trust (OMT), the panel held its inaugural meeting in October 2013.

La main à la pâte (LAMAP) Pilot Project

An innovative intervention to stimulate learners’ interest in science based on the French Académie des sciences programme known as La main à la pâte (LAMAP) was launched in November 2012 by ASSAf in collaboration with the French Academy, as part of the France-South Africa Season.

A group of South African trainers drawn predominantly from Gauteng HEIs was trained in inquiry- based science education (IBSE) by two French trainers.

The programme was implemented as a pilot project in ten primary schools in the Tshwane District. It is being implemented with the cooperation of the Gauteng Department of Education and the Tshwane South District. The project has experienced funding challenges that have hampered implementation.

2.6 Science for Poverty Alleviation Studies

ASSAf originally constituted its Standing Committee on Science for Poverty Alleviation (CSfPA) to contribute to one of the five new national missions outlined in South Africa’s Research and De- velopment (R&D) Strategy. Over the past few years, a number of forum-type studies on selected topics relevant in the fight to alleviate poverty in South Africa, have been conducted.

GMOs in African Agriculture

The ASSAf policymakers’ booklet on Regulation of Agricultural GM Technology in Africa was initially launched at the African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS) Annual international Con- ference, in Addis Ababa in November 2012. A follow-up launch and localisation event, as well as acapacity building initiative was held on 15 and 16 April 2013 in Nairobi, Kenya.

The event was organised by the Kenya National Academy of Sciences (KNAS) and ASSAf and funded by NASAC and the Biosciences for Farming in Africa (B4FA) Programme. The workshop was attended by representatives from the Kenyan government, various science academies (Ghana, Nigeria, Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya and South Africa), journalists (Ghana, Nigeria, Uganda, Tanza- nia and Kenya) and various other stakeholders. A total of 50 delegates attended the capacity building session by ASSAf.

Agricultural biotechnology, specifically genetic modification (GM) technology, has the potential to contribute to poverty reduction and food security on the African continent.

Increased crop productivity and increased adaptation to drought and pests are some of the benefits, yet Africa has been slow to reap the benefits of GM crops. The main objective of this policymakers’ booklet is to provide science-based information that will encourage safe access to GM technology.

It focuses on ways that could improve the efficiency and quality of policy development for GM technology, as well as on building African policymakers’ confidence by suggesting effective ways of procuring and using scientific evidence in GM risk analysis. It also focuses on the role of the public and the African national science academies and science-related associations in GM regulatory systems and processes.

Given their role of providing evidence-based scientific advice to government and increasing public awareness of science, national science academies in Africa are well placed to take up the challenge of providing evidence-based advice on GM crops. The booklet is a guide to Afri- can policymakers on how they can procure and use evidence to make informed decisions on the development, introduction, commercialisation and use of agricultural GM technology.

28 2.7 Science Policy Studies

Impact of Research undertaken by the Centres of Excellence

ASSAF undertook a study, at the request of the NRF, to assess the impact of research undertaken by the Centres of Excellence (CoEs). The panel was required to assess impact in terms of, inter alia, how research outputs and activities translated into applications; how research awareness was created; and how research influenced or is in the process of influencing policy. The panel was also expected to make recommendations for improving the research outputs of CoEs to better inform policy.

The report noted that there is evidence that the CoEs play an important role in advising and in- teracting with relevant government departments; some of the CoEs have produced policy briefs and assisted with the formulation of national policies. It was suggested that strategic appoint- ments of appropriate government and industrial representatives to CoE boards could facilitate greater uptake of research.

Whilst the CoEs are involved in publicising and increasing the awareness of their research, it was recommended that these activities could be enhanced by the appointment of an expert in the area of science communication and journalism (including the social media) to serve all the CoEs. The ASSAf report was formally handed over and presented to the NRF leadership on 27 September 2013.

Review of the State of the Science, Technology and Innovation System in South Africa

This report was commissioned by the DST and was undertaken by an Academy panel over the period March 2012 to August 2013.

The report aimed at providing an independent critical appraisal of the State of the Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) System in South Africa. It follows and builds on two other system reviews, the 2007 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Review of Innovation Policy and the 2012 Ministerial Review Committee Report on the STI landscape. Most importantly, the report considers how the National System of Innovation(NSI) is conceived within the National Development Plan (NDP) and the expectations that attach to its functioning in this context.

The six chapters of the report take stock of where the country was in 1994, and where it is now, two decades after the first democratic election. The report provides a critical analysis of the NSI and, where possible, seeks to make better use of economic analysis and draws on international experience to tease out the issues.

The report was finalised in January 2014 and submitted to the DST.

29 30 The Scholarly Publishing Programme (SPP) is regarded as a major intervention within the NSI in South Africa. The strategic goal of the SPP is to enhance the national capacity to produce and publish research, on the one hand, and to increase the quality and visibility of South African research publications, on the other. The Scholarly Publishing Unit (SPU) in the Academy is headed by a Director and staffed by six staff members and one DST intern.

The work of the SPP was taken to a new level in the past year with the increased funding from the DST and the formalisation of the relationship between the DST and the Department of Higher Edu- cation and Training (DHET) in terms of scholarly publications. In this respect, a joint Working Group chaired by Mrs Susan Veldsman, Director of the ASSAf SPU, has made substantial progress specifically in the recognition given to the open access platform, Scientific Electronic Library Online- South Africa (SciELO-SA), and in the quality assurance of scholarly publications.

Progress in the full suite of activities of this programme is summarised below.

3.1 Open Access Platform

During the past year, steady progress was made in the implementation of the open access platform, SciELO-SA, for high-quality South African scholarly journals. The project is inspired by a global movement towards the implementation of online journals, pioneered by the SciELO project, based in Brazil.

Criteria for inclusion of journal titles on the platform are (i) recommendations of ASSAf peer-review panels, and/or (ii) accredited by DHET and/or internationally indexed journals in the Thomson Re- uters (formerly ISI) system.

The collection has now grown to 41 titles with an average of one new title per month being added and available on the SciELO platform (www.scielo.org.za). It is expected that at least 180 journals will eventually be published on the platform.

Significant achievements for the reporting year were that the SciELO-SA collection was certified in April 2013 as a regular operational collection indexed in the SciELO Network Global Portal accord- ing to “Criteria, policies and procedures for site classification and certification in the SciELO Net- work”. The SciELO-SA collection was elevated from ‘a collection in development’ to a ‘certified collection’. This greatly enhances the visibility of South African journals and will increase impact factors of our local journals.

The SciELO national collections are operated by countries that adopt SciELO principles, methodol- ogy and technology. The thematic collections are operated at regional and international levels. They all collaborate as a cooperative decentralised network. Each collection operates under its own coordinating centre, management framework and funding structures. SciELO collections are established and developed in a progressive way, starting as a pilot collection, evolving to an ‘in development’ status, with regular operation in the web and, when the mandatory SciELO quality criteria are achieved, it acquires the ‘certified’ status. SciELO collections are governed by an advisory scientific committee responsible for the selection of journals and the periodical evaluation of their performance to remain in the collections.

A successful SciELO-SA launch dinner was held on 22 July 2013 to celebrate the SciELO Network Global Portal certification of the collection. Many dignitaries attended the launch, including the Advisor to the Minister of Science and Technology, Dr Khotso Mokhele, who was the guest speaker, His Excellency Dr Medonca, Ambassador of Brazil, Mr Abel Packer, coordinator/director of SciELO Brazil, and Richard van Noorden, Senior Reporter: Nature.

On the same day, the first SciELO-SA editors’ ‘users’ meeting was held at the Academy. Thirty-five editors and/or sub-editors attended. Topics covered included creative commons licences and publishing agreements between ASSAf and the SciELO-SA journals.

All SciELO journals continued to appear on the Web of Knowledge (WoK) platform as the Sci- ELO Citation Index. The WoK interface allows the subscribed user to access the journal collection Web of Science (WoS) and SciELO together, as well as other individual collections. All the search, navigation and citation metrics functions for the collections are available together or individually. Thomson Reuters produces a list of citations annually that the SciELO journals receive in the WoK

31 and in the WoS and SciELO together. This will allow ASSAf to have a citation rate of SciELO journals that are indexed in WoS and SciELO.

The SciELO network collection celebrated its 15th anniversary with a Scholarly Publishing Confer- ence held in Sao Paulo, Brazil in October 2013. The conference was attended by Prof Robin Crewe, the Chairperson of the Committee for Scholarly Publishing in South Africa, Mrs Susan Velds- man, the Director of the SPU at ASSAf and Mrs Louise van Heerden, the SciELO-SA Operations Manager.

During the reporting period 898 234 articles on the SciELO-SA platform were viewed globally.

3.2 National Scholarly Book Publishers’ Forum (NSBPF)

The National Scholarly Book Publishers’ Forum (NSBPF) focuses on book publishing and was inaugurated in 2011.

The NSBPF has made helpful inputs into an Academy proposal for the establishment of a National Scholarly Books Fund, which has been submitted to the Department of Higher Education and Training’s (DHET) Humanities Charter Group. This proposal proposes a mechanism for the co-funding of high-quality scholarly books that are not being published because of resource constraints.

3.3 Peer Review of South African Scholarly Journals

A report on the completed peer-review process for South African scholarly journals in the Religion, Theology and Related Fields was completed and published in the reporting year.

Five journals were not recommended for DHET accreditation and SciELO-SA adoption, but com- ments and/or advice were provided for the editors and the editorial board to consider. Two journals were recommended for DHET listing, but not recommended for addition to the SciELO-SA collection

Reports on two additional discipline groups, Law and Health Sciences are nearing completion. Peer reviewing of the following three groups: Engineering; Economic and Business Management; and Information and Communication Studies are expected to be rolled out during 2014.

3.4 National Scholarly Editors’ Forum

The National Scholarly Editors’ Forum (NSEF) has become an entrenched event in the annual cal- endar and attendance has risen markedly since its inception. It is aimed at enhancing the quality of editing and management of scholarly journals.

The 7th Annual meeting of the NSEF took place on 23 July 2013 at the CSIR International Conven- tion Centre. It was attended by 98 scholarly editors from multiple disciplines. The morning session was devoted to business issues of the Forum, with the future of the Forum being discussed. Three guest speakers, Abel Packer (SciELO Brazil) Richard van Noorden (Senior Reporter: Nature) and Philip Purnell (Thomson Reuters), presented respectively on SciELO Brazil, the future of scholarly publishing, and evolving article-level indicators to replace the present over-use of journal impact factors.

3.5 Access to Core Commercial Databases

A surplus of research development funds in the 2013/2014 research development grant of the Department of Higher Education and Training has been redistributed for projects as identified by the Joint Working Group, inter alia, Access to Core Commercial Databases.

It is expected that ASSAf will establish a task team to consider all aspects pertaining to implementation of such a project and the implications and considerations for DHET. The team should be tasked to provide an implementation framework that takes account of aspects, such as funding, management, role of stakeholders, budget, etc.

ASSAf would also convene stakeholder consultation workshops with all stakeholders e.g. HESA, Heads of University and Research Libraries, researchers, DVCs Research, DST and DHET, etc., to

32 advocate, get buy-in and to reach agreement regarding the funding model of this project, as well as other important decisions regarding this project. ASSAf is a neutral, well-respected body in the research arena and as such the most appropriate organisation to undertake such a task. Due to the complexity of the implementation of such a project it is imperative for there to be wide support for and understanding of the proposed project and its benefits.

3.6 Joint Working Groups

A workshop on 23 July 2012, regarding collaboration between the DST, DHET and ASSAf, resulted in the establishment of Joint Working Groups. The Working Groups aimed to develop and produce more concrete and consolidated plans on a number of priority areas and to formalise collaboration among these entities.

Scholarly Publishing was highlighted as a priority area with the focus on the peer review of scholarly journals; open access platform for SA scholarly journals and access to core commercial databases.

A surplus of research development funds in the 2013/2014 research development grant of the DHET has been redistributed for projects as identified by the Joint Working Group.

3.7 South African Journal of Science (SAJS)

The South African Journal of Science (SAJS), now in its 110th year of publication, is a multidisciplinary journal published bimonthly by ASSAf. The SAJS publishes original work of importance in any field which will interest readers from more than one discipline. Authors are requested to write their papers and reports in a manner and style that is intelligible to specialists and non-specialists alike. Research contributions, which are peer reviewed, are of three kinds: Review Articles, Research Articles and Research Letters.

The SAJS also serves as a forum for debate about recent developments in research and in higher education. The front section of the journal covers news, news features, book reviews, obituaries, commentaries, letters and news and views articles.

The editorial model comprises an Editor-in-Chief, a Managing Editor, ten Associate Editors in specific discipline fields and an Online Publishing Administrator. One Editorial Board meeting was held in the reporting year.

The goal is to position the SAJS as the foremost repository of editorial comment, scholarly debate, S&T policy analysis, news and views, book reviews, and correspondence relevant to South Africa. The visibility of the SAJS has increased markedly since its availability on the SciELO-SA platform. It is currently the second most frequently accessed journal on the SciELO-SA platform after the South African Medical Journal.

It is available in three formats, i.e. PDF, EPUB and Online, and has adopted the ScholarOne online manuscript submission and peer-review system.

The SAJS was actively marketed through media highlights to all science journals, science editors, and stakeholders such as research institutes, universities, and relevant government institutions.

33 34 The purpose of this programme is to establish and maintain effective relations with strategic international partners, such as national science academies and academy networks and other global scientific organisations. On a national level, the programme aims to establish, strengthen and enhance interactions with key stakeholders, such as national government departments, policymakers in government, and relevant national organisations.

The programme is also responsible for capacity development, ensuring that South African scientists are exposed to opportunities available inside and outside South Africa. National activities focus on young scientist activities through the national Young Scientists’ Conference and the South African Young Academy of Science (SAYAS).

The programme is headed by a Manager and staffed by two Liaison Officers.

4.1 International Strategic Partnerships

ASSAf participates in and maintains effective relations with international science academy networks to enhance global and continental science advisory activities and to facilitate funding opportunities.

ASSAf’s international and regional linkages are selected strategically to drive S&T development in the SADC region and Africa as a whole.

Each of these networks provides ASSAf with an opportunity to increase its sphere of influence and further establish South Africa as a global player.

To date, ASSAf has signed memoranda of understanding (MoUs) with African science academies in Uganda, Nigeria and Mauritius and has partnered with them on many projects.

In March 2013, the Academy entered into a MoU with the Indian National Science Academy (INSA), adding to those with academies in Russia and China.

In August 2013, ASSAf signed a MoU with the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. During this occasion, it was agreed that the two academies would focus their collaboration on the topics of: renewable energy, infectious diseases, environment and health, and mathematics. ASSAf is a member of The Global Network of Science Academies (IAP), the InterAcademy Council (IAC), the InterAcademy Medical Panel (IAMP), the G8+ (now G-Science) grouping of science academies, and the Network of African Science Academies (NASAC).

ASSAf also participates in the Science for Society (SfS) Forum of Presidents of Academies, the Inter- national Human Rights Network of Academies and Scholarly Societies and is active in the activities of The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS).

In the reporting year, ASSAf was elected to the Executive Committee of the IAP and the Executive Committee of the IAMP.

Science and Technology in Society (STS) Forum

The 10th Annual Meeting of the Science and Technology in Society Forum took place from 6-8 October in Kyoto, Japan. About 1 100 global leaders in science and technology, policy, business and media from approximately 100 countries met to discuss the two major themes of innovation and sustainability. ASSAf was represented by Prof Daya Reddy who made a presentation on the topic of Collaboration among Academia, Government and Industry.

InterAcademy Medical Panel

ASSAf hosted an International Conference of the IAMP from 13-16 August 2013 in Johannesburg. The conference was attended by 148 participants from 38 countries across the world with representatives from African science academies, IAMP members, international, and South African experts on non-communicable diseases (NCDs).

35 IAMP, a global network of academies of science and medicine, is committed to improving health world-wide. IAMP activities focus on institutional collaboration to strengthen the role of all academies to alleviate the health burdens of the world’s poorest people; build scientific capacity for health; and provide independent scientific advice on promoting health sciences and health care policy to national governments and global organisations. The IAMP Scientific Conference and General Assembly are held every three years and are hosted by one of the IAMP member academies.

The conference programme was divided into nine themes namely: Poverty and NCDs; Science of prevention; Targeting individual risk behaviours; Cancer; Cutting-edge science; Prevention and management of diabetes; Prevention and management of hypertension-related NCDs; Re- sponse of health systems to NCD challenges and the South African Nutrition Survey Results, and a science policy roundtable. A keynote address on NCDs in South Africa was presented by Ms Malebona Precious Matsoso, Director-General, Department of Health. Sixteen South African scientists presented on various aspects related to the symposia themes. The ASSAf consensus report on Improved Nutritional Assessment of Micronutrients was also launched during the conference.

World Science Forum

The 6th World Science Forum (WSF) was held in Rio de Janairo, Brazil from 25-27 November 2013 and ASSAf was represented by Prof Daya Reddy. With delegates from over 100 countries pledging to advance the use of science for global sustainable development, the WSF published a declaration which will be taken forward by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisa- tion (UNESCO) as a key starting point for preliminary planning of the post-2015 Millennium Sustain- able Development Goals.

Global Science Forum

The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Global Science Forum was held in Tokyo, Japan from 22-24 October 2013. ASSAf was represented by Dr Takalani Ram- bau. The forum meeting focused on “Scientific advice for policymaking and the consequences on the roles and responsibilities for scientists”. The delegates explored different science and policy advisory frameworks.

International Visitors

In its collaboration with TWAS, ASSAf hosted Prof Romain Murenzi, the Executive Director of TWAS, in June 2013 and discussed a number of possible areas of collaboration and possible support to the TWAS Endowment Fund.

In its collaboration with the International Council for Science (ICSU), ASSAf hosted the President of ICSU, Prof Yuan Tseh Lee (Nobel Laureate) and Vice-President of ICSU, Prof William Makgoba, on 24 June 2013. The discussions centred on ICSU’s role in ensuring that there is an uptake and support for Future Earth which is envisaged to be implemented as Future Earth Africa within the continent.

The ASSAf secretariat hosted a delegation of the Chinese Academy of Science, Technology and Development (CASTED) on 25 June 2013. In China, CASTED is mandated to conduct a number of activities which include S&T statistics analysis, S&T foresighting, interface of S&T and society, S&T and economic development. From the discussion, CASTED emerged as a natural partner since they provide policy advice on science, technology and innovation activities and have published a number of reports, including STI indicators.

4.2 Africa Cooperation

NASAC

In November 2013, NASAC, the Royal Society of London and the Ethiopian Academy of Sciences (EAS) held a workshop on “Climate Change Implications for Africa” in Addis Ababa. The purpose of the workshop was to discuss ways to strengthen existing academy initiatives which address climate change and its impacts on the continent. The discussions were focused on the understanding of implications of climate change across sectors and countries on the African continent based on the new findings from the IPCC Fifth Assessment report; and developing a plan for col-

36 laboration amongst African academies of sciences in order to leverage the combined expertise from varying countries.

NASAC also held its General Assembly in Addis Ababa during which a new board was elected. ASSAf is currently represented by two candidates on the board, with ASSAf Council member, Prof Barney Pityana, elected as the General Secretary for NASAC and former ASSAf President, Prof Robin Crewe serving as the immediate past-Chairperson of the network.

Annual Meeting of African Science Academies

The Annual Meeting of African Science Academies (AMASA) continues to play an important role in bringing together representatives of African academies to share experiences and to provide a platform to conduct policymakers’ roundtables and to engage with policymakers and other stakeholders on issues of critical interest for the entire region.

The 9th AMASA meeting was held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from 10-12 November 2013 with a conference entitled “Biotechnology for Africa’s Development” hosted by the EAS. The conference contributed to a greater understanding of biotechnology and its implications for policymaking on the African continent; highlighted current public-policy challenges in which advisory processes of academies could add value for decision-making; and strengthening of ties between academia, government, non-governmental organisations and the private sector.

All African science academies present collectively issued the Declaration of AMASA-9 on “Bio- technology for Development in Africa” directed at Africa’s policymakers, academics and legisla- tors. The declaration was distributed to relevant target organisations in South Africa.

Academy Development

A country is embedded in a region and derives its strength from the region. By strengthening and initiating science academies in the region, ASSAf is contributing to the strengthening of scholarly work and research activities in the SADC region and beyond.

Tanzania: ASSAf was invited to accompany DST officials to Tanzania in April 2013 and was represented by Dr Takalani Rambau. The meetings were attended by representatives from a number of institutions that are involved in strengthening the Tanzanian Innovation System. The objective of ASSAf was to share how ASSAf was supported by the DST and how the support contributes to evidence-based science advice to support policy development.

Kenya: In April 2014, ASSAf participated in a capacity building workshop which emanated from a joint proposal submitted by ASSAf and the Kenya National Academy of Sciences (KNAS) to NA- SAC. A new KNAS board was elected in late-2012 and presented a good opportunity for capacity building on governance and science advisory activities.

In addition, a workshop on academies and the media was held to coincide with the launch of the policymakers’ booklet on Regulation of Agricultural GM Technology in Africa.

Sudan: ASSAf responded to a NASAC call for capacity building by collaborating with the Suda- nese National Academy of Sciences (SNAS) on a project related to artisanal mining. The project will be implemented during 2014 and represents the first partnership between ASSAf and SNAS.

Zimbabwe: Funding was received from NASAC to facilitate collaboration between ASSAf and the Zimbabwe Academy of Sciences (ZAS). The launch of the policymakers’ booklet on The State of Water in Southern Africa and a capacity building exercise took place on 6 December 2013 in Ha- rare. The event emphasised the importance and urgency of addressing water issues in Zimbabwe and provided policymakers with key issues to consider for future planning. It also provided the ZAS secretariat with experience in coordinating events and provided the Academy members with an opportunity to interact with policymakers.

ASADI Review

The US National Academies have requested the IAC to provide a rigorous final evaluation of the African Science Academy Development Initiative (ASADI) programme. The final objective

37 of the project is to obtain an independent, external evaluation to summarise lessons learned and to make recommendations for future capacity-building activities of this nature. The review team commenced its work in November 2013 and will present its findings at the AMASA meeting in No- vember 2014 in Uganda. ASSAf has seconded Ms Dorothy Ngila to provide secretariat support to the committee during the one-year implementation of the project.

4.3 National Liaison Activities

Recognition of Excellence through Awards

ASSAf Science-for-Society Gold Medals are the apex awards of the Academy and the South Afri- can science system and are awarded in recognition of outstanding achievements by individuals. Up to two gold medals are awarded per annum for outstanding achievement in scientific thinking for the benefit of society.

ASSAf awarded Prof Olive Shisana a gold medal at its Annual Awards Ceremony in October 2013, recognising her as a major player and contributor in the campaign to understand and contain HIV/AIDS in South Africa.

Shisana is Chief Executive Officer of the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), Honorary Pro- fessor at UCT and immediate past-President of the International Social Science Council. Prior to this she served as HSRC’s Executive Director of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS and Health, and as Ex- ecutive Director, Family and Community Health, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland. She is an authority in HIV surveillance, having been a principal investigator for several second- generation surveillance systems for HIV.

Professor Robin Crewe was awarded the prestigious Gold Medal for Outstanding Meritorious Ser- vice. It is only the second time that this award, which acknowledges exceptional service to the Academy, has been bestowed since its inception in 2008.

Crewe served as President of ASSAf from 2004 to 2012 and also played a major leadership role in NASAC.

AU-TWAS Prize for Young Scientists

The AU-TWAS award scheme aims to recognise and reward talented young scientists in Africa.

The AU-TWAS Prize for Young Scientists in South Africa is managed by ASSAf, on behalf of its partners, the African Union Commission (AUC), TWAS and the DST. Through this award, the AU and TWAS jointly recognise and reward an outstanding scientist in South Africa. The recipient should be under the age of 40, living and working in South Africa, and have a record of research publications in internationally recognised science journals.

Two young scientists were recognised at the Annual Awards Ceremony in October 2013 for the prestigious AU-TWAS Young Scientists’ National Award.

The prize in the category Life and Earth Sciences was awarded to Prof Landon Myer from UCT and Prof Cornie Scheffer from SU received the prize in the category Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation.

TWAS Prize on the Public Understanding and Popularisation of Science

ASSAf successfully nominated Professor Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan who received the TWAS Region- al Office for Africa Prize on the Public Understanding and Popularisation of Science.

Sydney Brenner Fellowship

The Sydney Brenner Fellowship, administered by the Academy and supported by the OMT, was awarded for postdoctoral studies in the molecular and cellular biosciences conducted at an advanced level in South Africa at the Annual Awards Ceremony in October 2013.

38 The award was established when Dr Sydney Brenner donated a portion of his 2002 Nobel Prize to ASSAf to permit ASSAf (in partnership with the OMT) to offer a prestigious postdoctoral Fellowship for research in molecular biology to be undertaken in South Africa over two years by an outstanding young scientist.

The emphasis in the selection is on the excellence of the academic track record; evidence of unusual creativity and ingenuity in addressing scientific problems; both the novelty and feasibility of the proposed approach; and the quality, adequacy and appropriateness of the host environment.

The 2014/15 Fellowship was awarded to Dr Anna Coussens, a postdoctoral research Fellow at UCT.

ESASTAP Plus

ASSAf has partnered with the DST in the implementation of ESASTAP Plus, which is an instrument that aims to strengthen technology, research and innovation cooperation between South Africa and the European Union (EU).

ASSAf is conducting an assessment of the various instruments that have been implemented thus far and in particular the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) in preparation for Horizon 2020. The latter is the financial instrument implementing the Innovation Union, a Europe 2020 flagship initiative aimed at securing Europe’s global competitiveness. Running from 2014 to 2020 with an €80 billion budget, the EU’s new programme for research and innovation is part of the drive to create new growth and jobs in Europe.

The prime focus is on the evolution of South Africa’s participation in collaborative research projects and support actions, but also on soliciting inputs from EU coordinators and partners as appropriate. The review will also evaluate participation in collaborative research projects.

Young Scientists’ Activities

ASSAf recognises that it has a responsibility to foster the next generation of leading scholars and to involve young scientists in academy-related activities as much as possible.

In its quest to support the growth of the South African Young Academy of Science (SAYAS), ASSAf continues to provide secretariat support to the young academy.

Women for Science (WfS) Activities

OWSD National Chapter: A National Chapter of the Organisation of Women in Science for the Developing World (OWSD) was established by ASSAf in 2009. The National Chapter has received funding from the IAP for a project that will undertake the first comprehensive survey of IAP member academies to ascertain the inclusion and participation of women scientists. ASSAf is collaborating with the InterAmerican Network of Academies of Sciences (IANAS) Women in Science Group, IAP, OWSD and NASAC in implementing this project. The results of the survey will be presented at the 2016 IAP General Assembly.

IANAS Focal Point Meeting: ASSAf participated in the IANAS Women for Science meeting held on 24-25 October 2013 in Santiago, Chile and was represented by Ms Dorothy Ngila. The objective was to learn how IANAS is managing their WfS activities in order to assist African science academies with the development of the NASAC WfS. The meeting provided an opportunity to network with key leaders in WfS initiatives and to also present the NASAC WfS strategy.

Gender InSite Campaign: The Gender InSITE campaign – gender in science, innovation, technology and engineering (SITE) – was established to promote the awareness of decision-makers that STI policy and planning will be more effective, equitable and sustainable when the gender lens is applied, i.e. when they reflect the vision, aims, concerns, perspectives, knowledge and abilities of both women and men. ASSAf successfully won the bid to host the southern Africa focal point of Gender InSITE. It is hoped that this project will further assist ASSAf in strengthening its bilateral activities with academies in the region as well as the SADC science desk in Botswana. In February 2014, the first Coordinating Group meeting was held in Nairobi after a major grant was received from the Swedish International Development Agency (Sida). The meeting was attended Ms Dorothy

39 Ngila of ASSAf and a Plan of Action for 2014-2015 in the region, as well as a global communications strategy were approved.

South African National Women in Science, Engineering and Technology (WISET) Organisation: Fol- lowing the formation of the African Union and SADC Women in Science, Engineering and Tech- nology (WISET) Organisation, each SADC member state is expected to establish a national organisation. In South Africa, this body is expected to play a coordinating role for women in science activities by various organisations. A national consultative workshop is planned for 2014. ASSAf advises the DST on this matter.

Committee of Heads of Organisations for Research and Technology (COHORT)

ASSAf continues to act as secretariat to the Committee of Heads of Organisations for Research and Technology (COHORT).

The COHORT Chair, Prof Olive Shisana, gave a presentation on behalf of COHORT on priority areas of collaboration between science councils and the business sector at the DST STI Summit that took place on 20 and 21 July 2013.

The summit provided an opportunity for stakeholders to explore ways in which the STI can be strengthened in order to make a meaningful contribution towards the vision for South Africa as set out in the NDP, as well as assisting in the attainment of the objectives of the New Growth Plan and the Industrial Policy Action Plan. ASSAf was represented by Professors Daya Reddy and Roseanne Diab.

Regional and National Lectures

Scholarly lectures provide an opportunity for South African researchers to engage with leading international scholars and at the same time raise the profile of the Academy and promote relations with other organisations.

ASSAf annually hosts a Distinguished Visiting Scholar. Internationally recognised scholar, scientist and writer, Professor Louise Fresco of the Netherlands visited South Africa during February as the 2013/14 ASSAf Distinguished Visiting Scholar.

Fresco’s career involves decades of fieldwork in tropical countries and travel to over 80 countries. She holds a PhD cum laude in tropical agronomy (Wageningen), holds chairs and lectureships at prestigious universities, such as Wageningen, Uppsala, Louvain and Stanford and is a member of four scientific academies. She is currently a Professor at the University of Amsterdam and has recently been appointed President of Wageningen University with effect from 1 July 2014.

Fresco, who specialises in the foundations of sustainable development in an international context, delivered a series of public lectures at various universities and institutions around the country, including the ARC, UP, the Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study, the University of the Western Cape, University of Fort Hare and UKZN. Her lecture, entitled Food and Agriculture: The Next De- cades, focused on food production and consumption trends in the world, with a particular focus on Africa.

Regional lectures, in collaboration with the Royal Society of South Africa, were offered on a regular basis throughout 2013/2014 at UCT.

Institutional Visits

Professor Roseanne Diab and Mrs Susan Veldsman had two successful university visits on 8 April 2013. The first visit was to the University of Zululand, where presentations were given on “An Over- view of ASSAf and its Activities” and “Strengthening the Impact, Visibility and Quality of South African Scholarly Research”. The evening event at UKZN, hosted by Prof Nelson Ijumba, an ASSAf Member and DVC Research, was well attended by ASSAf Members and other interested parties.

Mrs Susan Veldsman paid the University of the Free State a visit on 18 June 2013, addressing them on “Strengthening the Impact, Visibility and Quality of South African Scholarly Research”.

40 The purpose of this programme is to provide effective and targeted communication with ASSAf stakeholders to support the vision of the Academy to be the apex organisation of science and scholarship in South Africa and to manage and produce all printed material for the Academy. These range from ASSAf’s flagship journal, the South African Journal of Science (SAJS), to non- periodical publications for ASSAf’s various workshops and studies.

The science magazine, Quest: Science for South Africa, is published by ASSAf and is aimed at en- gendering understanding of and an interest in science amongst schoolchildren.

The Communication and Publications Programme is staffed by a Communication Manager, a Communication Officer and a Publications Coordinator.

5.1 Marketing of the Academy

ASSAf utilises the advantages of electronic communication optimally and has a well-established internet presence (www.assaf.org.za) and dedicated websites, such as the website for the SAJS (www.sajs.co.za), an ASSAf blog, in which reader interaction is encouraged by addressing topical subjects (www.assaf-interactive.org.za), and a website for online scientific writing (www.assaf.org. za/osc/). All websites are managed internally. The Academy has also embraced social media in the form of Twitter and has started using this medium to publicise its activities.

41 The Academy is also profiled and branded in its publications, dissemination and promotion of its products, i.e. evidence-based research reports, among relevant stakeholders, through the release of press statements and promotion of Academy activities, among others, in its quarterly electronic newsletter.

During the reporting year, the opinion of the Academy was sought by the media regarding a variety of science and academic topics and ASSAf activities received widespread print and broadcast media attention. Twenty-one media statements were released and the Academy was marketed at eight science events, reaching approximately 100 000 learners and members of the public.

ASSAf took part in the DST exhibition during the S&T Budget Vote at Parliament. The exhibition was open to the public from 15-18 May 2013. ASSAf’s evidence-based reports were showcased.

The printed and online media is monitored regularly to determine uptake and impact of Acad- emy activities.

Each issue of the popular science magazine, Quest, features news on the Academy.

5.2 Production, Publishing and Dissemination of Reports

ASSAf produced and disseminated high-quality print versions of periodical publications such as the SAJS, Quest, quarterly Science for Society electronic newsletter, and Annual Report and non- periodical study reports, workshop proceedings, policymakers’ booklets and policy commentaries.

Periodical publications are produced timeously; and study reports are produced in a variety of formats from concise to full versions. All publications are disseminated widely to ASSAf stakeholders.

The following reports were produced and printed: • Research and Impact of the Centres of Excellence – May 2013 • Improved Nutritional Assessment of Micronutrients – June 2013 • Technological Innovations for a Low Carbon Society, Symposium Proceedings Report – June 2013 • Grouped Peer Review of Scholarly Journals in Religion, Theology and Related Fields (RTRF) – June 2013 • Preventing a Tobacco Epidemic in Africa: A Call for Effective Action to Support Health, Social and Economic Development, Policymakers’ Booklet – January 2014 • Green Technologies: Drivers, Barriers and Gatekeepers, Symposium Proceedings Report – Feb- ruary 2014 • Changing Patterns of Non-Communicable Diseases, InterAcademy Medical Panel Confer- ence Proceedings Report – March 2014

5.3 Public Awareness of Science

ASSAf promotes awareness of science amongst the public and particularly among the youth through the publication and dissemination of Quest: Science for South Africa science magazine, release of press statements and active participation in key national science events.

Quest: Science for South Africa is a full-colour, quarterly, popular science magazine directed at a target audience comprising learners, educators and the general public.

With a print run of 25 000 per issue, Quest is widely distributed free of charge to public high schools with science departments and at national science events. In the reporting year, ASSAf attended seven youth-specific science events/olympiads. SciFest 2013 was the biggest with more than 70 000 learners visiting the festival. At the NSTF, Eskom and Mintek competitions, ASSAf sponsored free one-year subscriptions for all the gold category winners.

Quest magazine is available to the general public through subscription.

Each Quest issue is compiled on a specific theme of topical interest, informed by school curricula and general global scientific issues.

42 6.1 Introduction

The South African Young Academy of Science (SAYAS) was founded in September 2011 to be the representative voice of young scientists in South Africa. SAYAS aims to contribute to the national strategic priority of strengthening the skills and human resource base of the country, with a focus on the next generation of scientists.

SAYAS objectives are: • Promoting SAYAS and its value-adding initiatives. • Advancing scientific excellence for South Africa and Africa. • Influencing science policy. • Translating science for society to promote science awareness.

43 Since its inception, SAYAS has inaugurated 40 members who were selected based on their academic excellence and service to society.

In its quest to support the growth of SAYAS, ASSAf continued to provide secretariat support to the young academy.

Highlights of the reporting year include the publication of the first evidence-based report of SAYAS, The Research Experience of Young Scientists in South Africa.

During the year, SAYAS also received funding from the OMT to the amount of R500 000 for the next two years.

New Member Inauguration and General Assembly

SAYAS held its third General Assembly on 6-7 November 2013 at the NRF and inaugurated 10 new members at its annual Inauguration ceremony on 6 November 2013.

The new SAYAS members are:

Name Affiliation Area of Specialisation Philosophy of Science; Philosophy of Epidemiology; Prof Alex Broadbent UJ Philosophy of Medicine; Philosophy of Law Dr Christina Thobakgale UKZN Medical Sciences/Immunologist Trans Studies, Queer Theory, Gender Studies, Dr Ernst van der Wal SU Postcolonial Studies HIV/AIDS and Health Activism, Politics of Global Dr Mandisa Mbali SU Health, Women’s Health Policy Nutrition, Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Disease Epi- Prof Marlien Pieters NWU demiology Prof Mmboniseni Stochastic Control and Optimisation in Banking and Unisa Mulaudzi Finance Recalcitrant Seed Biology, Plant Germplasm Con- Dr Sershen Naidoo UKZN servation, Cryobiology, Plant Ecophysiology, Plant Biochemistry, Plant Molecular Biology Computational Fluid Dynamics; Non-Isothermal Dr Tirivanhu Chinyoka UCT Viscoelastic Flow; Heat and Mass Transfer Dr Tolu Oni UCT Public Health Medicine/Epidemiology String Theory, Quantum Gravity, Quantum Field Prof Vishnu Jejjala Wits Theory, Cosmology

See Annexure B for a full list of SAYAS members.

A new Executive Committee was elected comprising:

• Co-chairs: Dr Sershen Naidoo and Dr Patience Mthunzi. • Executive Committee: Prof Bronwyn Myers and Prof Louis Kotze.

6.2 National Activities

Survey of Young Scientists

SAYAS launched its first evidence-based report on 6 November 2013 entitled The Research Expe- rience of Young Scientists in South Africa. The report analyses a survey conducted by SAYAS on the general needs of young scientists and provides insights into some of the reasons for the low production rate of doctoral students in the country.

Funding, future opportunities and support regarding mentorship, career guidance and financing are the main concerns and challenges of postgraduate students in South Africa. The survey fo-

44 cused on the profile and research experience of postgraduate students and postdoctoral fellows in South Africa – Honours to post-PhD. A total of 1 021 young scientists took part in the survey.

A key finding of the survey is that 43% of participants indicated that the reason for pursuing postgraduate studies was the desire to pursue an academic career. This proportion increased to 58% among PhD students and postdoctoral fellows. While career opportunities in the tertiary education sector may not be sufficient to satisfy these aspirations at present, the report highlights that young scientists may not know about the developmental needs of the country and other career opportunities. Another finding is that the majority (64%) of young scientists funded their studies through bursaries. Participants emphasised the need for adequate financial support at all levels. “Arguably, if more bursaries are not made available, the number of postgraduate students in South Africa will not increase,” the report states. Other findings include awareness among participants of the importance of quality – teaching institution choice, supervisor choice, high-quality teaching – and the need to publish research results.

National Science Week

SAYAS and ASSAf responded to a call for proposals from the South African Agency for Science and Technology Advancement (SAASTA) to participate during the National Science Week (NSW) activities in different disadvantaged schools around the country. The main goals of the event were to inform Grade 9 learners on the relevance and importance of science in everyday life. Learners were also encouraged to choose mathematics and science subjects for senior phase learning to enable them to pursue careers in these fields.

Scientific presentations by young scientists visiting the schools highlighted the importance of science in everyday life in order to raise awareness about various careers. Outreach activities were conducted in Limpopo, Gauteng and the Eastern Cape from 27 July to 3 August. The NSW was officially launched on 27 July 2013 at the University of Limpopo’s Turfloop campus by the Minister of Science and Technology, Mr Derek Hanekom. Six schools were visited in Limpopo, eight in Ham- manskraal and 12 in the Mthatha district. Scientific lectures, motivational talks and presentations on careers and funding opportunities, supplying reading material, brochures form part of the activities of NSW.

Website and Social Media

The SAYAS website (www.sayas.org.za) has been completed. SAYAS has since its inception been using social media, Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn as a way of communicating relevant information to its members and the public.

SAYAS Board

SAYAS has requested prominent individuals to be part of the SAYAS Advisory Board to provide strategic guidance. Board members will help ensure that the SAYAS leadership is aware of relevant international trends and opportunities, and will use their experience to advise on appropriate actions. The SAYAS Advisory Board members are:

Name Affiliation Discipline/Attributes African Doctoral Academy, Agriculture, Research Management, Prof Frans Swanepoel SU, ARC Board Fundraising Association of Common- Dr John Kirkland Research Management wealth Universities London

Prof Mamokgethi Setati Unisa Mathematics Education

Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Dr Beverley Damonse NRF Education Policy and Management

45 Prof Saleem Badat RU Philosophy of Sociology Development Economics, Urban Dr Renosi Mokati SA Reserve Bank Economics and Policy Analysis Dr Lis Lange UFS African Studies, History Prof Rolf Stumph CHE Philosophy Friedrich-Alexander-Univer- Prof Rudi van Eldik sität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chemistry Germany

ASSAf IAMP Conference

SAYAS participated in the international conference of the IAMP hosted by ASSAf in August 2013. Representatives from the young academies of Zimbabwe, Nigeria, Egypt and the Global Young Academy (GYA) also attended the conference. The conference provided a platform for interaction with other young academies and the potential for collaborative opportunities was explored.

ASSAf Study Panels

SAYAS members participate in various studies conducted by ASSAf:

• Prof Aldo Stroebel and Prof Voster Muchenje – panel members of the consensus study on Agricultural Education and Training • Prof Bronwyn Myers – task team member for Symposium on MNS Disorders • Prof Budeli Mpfariseni – member of the Humanities Standing Committee • Dr Caradee Wright – co-chair of Symposium on Environment and Health with the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina • Dr Regina Maphanga – panel member of assessment study on the State of Energy Research in South Africa.

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Dr Trevor Mundel, President of the Global Health Programme from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foun- dation, together with Prof Salim Abdool Karim, Director of the MRC, hosted a dinner to which SAYAS members in the health sciences were invited. The dinner was held on 20 January 2014 in Cape Town and preceded an announcement by the Foundation of a new partnership with South Africa to find new tools to fight HIV, TB and malaria.

Mentoring

In 2013, SAYAS identified and mentored Grade 10-12 learners at the Bjatladi High School in Lim- popo. The mentoring activity included providing the school with supplementary materials and delivering motivational talks.

6.3 Regional and International Activities

The Global State of Young Scientists

In May 2013, Dr Jeff Murugan (SAYAS member) presented a comprehensive report on the state of young scientists in South Africa, which was used to compile the GYA report titled, The Global State

46 of Young Scientists (GloSYS). The report was presented at the official launch on 21 January 2014 at the Berlin Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities. GloSYS provides an encompassing picture of young scholars’ status and career challenges on a global scale. The study explored the concerns and opportunities for career development of young researchers. The central findings of a precursor project and the resulting recommendations from GloSYS can serve as a basis to improve the state of young researchers throughout the world.

Zimbabwe Young Academy of Sciences

Professor Regina Maphanga represented SAYAS at the launch of the Zimbabwe Young Acad- emy of Sciences (ZIMYAS) on 8 November 2013, where 26 Zimbabwean top young scientists were inaugurated as the founding members of ZIMYAS. The major aim of ZIMYAS is to give voice and professional development scope to young scientists in Zimbabwe. The rationale of the GYA and SAYAS were presented by Prof Regina Maphanga on behalf of the two organisations. The goal of the meeting was to equip founding members of ZIMYAS with an understanding of their roles and functions in the young academy. The milestones accomplished by both academies since their establishments were shared with the founding members. In addition, relevant projects and developments in GYA (a call for partnership on African State of Young Scientists and Africa Regional Meeting in 2014) were highlighted.

World Science Forum

Outgoing Co-chairs Prof Jerome Singh and Dr Caradee Wright attended the World Science Forum in Brazil from the 24-27 November 2013. In 2013, the theme of the meeting was science for global sustainable development and several important recommendations emerged during the meeting and were documented in the Sixth World Science Forum 2013 declaration. These recommendations have been adopted by UNESCO as a key starting point for preliminary planning of the post- 2015 Millennium Sustainable Development Goals.

Africa Young Academies Regional Conference

Prof Alex Broadbent attended the first Africa Young Academies Regional Conference, organised by the GYA in cooperation with NASAC, in Nairobi, Kenya from 3-5 February 2014. The conference on “Accelerating science for development in Africa by increasing the momentum and impact of national young academies” brought together representatives of the member academies from NASAC with all existing national young academies (NYAs) in Africa. The main objective of this African Regional Young Academies Conference was to engage and empower excellent young researchers from across Africa to address the challenges that impede scientific development towards a sustainable future for the region. Towards this goal, the conference aimed to build the momentum, relationships and networks necessary to stimulate the formation of NYAs in Africa, and to connect them into a support network.

Die Junge Akademie Symposium

SAYAS partnered with Die Junge Akademie and the GYA to hold the “Young Academies Sym- posium on Sustainability” as part of the German/South African Year of Science. After a planning meeting in October 2012, hosted by SAYAS in South Africa, young scientists met in Berlin in March 2013 at a symposium entitled “Socio-ecological Novelty – Frontiers in Sustainability Research Symposium”. Here, young scientists debated ways to harness novel solutions from environmental challenges with findings documented in a research article. A science-policy panel event was a highlight of the Berlin meeting when scientists and policymakers discussed the role of science in policymaking. This activity was supported by the senior academies, ASSAf and Leopoldina who held bilateral meetings.

47 48 7.1 Introduction

The South African Academy of Engineering (SAAE) utilises the knowledge and experience of its 170 members, who are eminent engineers representing all engineering disciplines, to achieve its goal of promoting excellence in the science and application of engineering for the benefit of the people of South Africa, and to promote the technological welfare of the nation.

During the past year SAAE undertook the following activities to achieve these goals.

Induction of New Fellows

Nine new fellows were elected in May 2013 and were inducted during the two induction dinners held in Gauteng and the Western Cape in October and November 2013 respectively. The Vice- Chancellor of UP, Prof Cheryl de la Rey, was the guest speaker at the Gauteng dinner and Prof Francis Petersen, Dean of the Faculty of Engineering at UCT, was the guest speaker at the Western Cape dinner.

The new fellows are:

Name Position

Professor, Anglo American Chair in Pyrometallurgy and Garbers-Craig, Andrie Head: Centre for Pyrometallurgy, Department of Materials Science & Metallurgical Engineering, University of Pretoria Honorary Professor of Electrical Engineering, University of Ijumba, Nelson Mutatina KwaZulu-Natal and Deputy Vice-Chancellor Academic Affairs and Research, University of Rwanda Kies,Carl Frederik CEO, Reutech Radar Systems Senior Vice-President: Corporate Administration, Kirby, Andrew Toyota South Africa Motors Murray, Johann Managing Director, Ultimate Air Solutions (Pty) Ltd Specialist Consulting Engineer at Ultimate Raft Designs Pidgeon, John Terry and Director of Research at the Centre for Excellence in Foundation Engineering (CEFE) Pirie, Graham Retired CEO of Consulting Engineers South Africa (CESA).

Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu- Ramjugernath, Deresh Natal

Scheeres, Adriaan CEO and co-founder of Pragma Holdings

7.2 National Activities

Academy Lectures

The Gauteng presentation of the 2012 Academy Lecture was arranged to coincide with the SAAE Annual General Meeting on 29 May 2013 and took place at Vulindlela, Conference Centre in Mid- rand. SAAE fellow Prof Philip Lloyd, Research Professor at the Energy Institute of the Cape Penin- sula University of Technology (CPUT), presented the lecture entitled “Deployment of Low-emission Technologies for Electric Power Generation in Response to Climate Change” to an audience of about 50 people.

The 2013 Academy Lecture was delivered by Prof Mike Muller, former Director-General of the De- partment of Water Affairs, on 3 November 2013 at UCT. The topic of the lecture was “The Wicked Challenge of Sustaining South Africa’s Water Security”. The lecture was attended by more than 100 guests.

49 The Gauteng presentation of Prof Muller’s lecture will take place in June 2014 at Wits. The intention is to present the Annual Academy Lecture in other centres as well to inform and promote debate not only among engineers but also among the general public.

Hendrik van der Bijl Lecture

2013 marked the 50th presentation of the Hendrik van der Bijl Memorial Lecture. The lecture is delivered annually by a leading personality under the general theme of the role of engineering in society. It is arranged under the auspices of SAAE and UP (of which Dr Van der Bijl was Chancellor from 1934 to 1948) to commemorate the great contribution he made to the industrial and scientific development of South Africa.

Prof Christof Heyns, United Nations Special Rapporteur on Extra judicial, Summary or Arbitrary Ex- ecutions, and Professor of Human Rights Law at UP presented the lecture on the topic “Lethal Autonomous Robots”. A report on the same subject presented to the UN Human Rights Council in May 2013 by Prof Heyns elicited ongoing international debate on the legal and ethical implications of this technology within the UN structures, British Parliament and in newspapers around the world.

The lecture was presented on 14 August 2013 to a large audience at UP.

Food Security in South Africa

SAAE is planning a panel discussion on “Food Security in South Africa: A Contribution to the Under- standing from an Engineering Perspective” in collaboration with the ARC.

7.3 International Activities

CAETS

The President of SAAE, Mr Bob Pullen, attended the annual meeting of the international Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences (CAETS) in Budapest in June 2013. He also attended a meeting of the CAETS Board of Directors of which he is a member, a symposium on “Innovative Approaches to Engineering Education” and the CAETS Council Meeting.

50 Prof Philip Lloyd of SAAE presented one of the 12 prepared papers at the CAETS symposium. A recurring theme was the need to reform engineering education. A statement on engineering education, based on this symposium, was published by CAETS after the symposium.

The council meeting was attended by representatives of all 26 affiliated academies, as well as by observers, such as Dr Philip Lloyd.

CAETS Energy Committee

SAAE fellow, Dr Philip Lloyd was nominated by SAAE to serve on the CAETS/ATSE Working Group on “Energy Technologies for a Low Carbon Future”. The Working Group met in Budapest prior to the CAETS meetings to finalise its report entitledOpportunities for Low-carbon Energy Technologies for Electricity Generation by 2030. The report was accepted with acclamation at the CAETS council meeting and approved for publication as a CAETS report. On accepting the report, the council converted the Working Group into an Energy Sub-committee and requested a focused memorandum, or short report, on the issues to be addressed when nations implement a strategy for moving from a traditional energy economy to a low carbon emission alternative. It was requested that reference be made to examples of how low carbon emission opportunities could be realised with some case studies. The report must be ready for consideration by the CAETS council meeting in Beijing in June 2014.

The Energy Sub-committee accepted a SAAE invitation to meet in South Africa in November 2013 and eight members of the Committee from other Academies attended the meeting. The eight visitors represented engineering academies in Germany, India, Australia, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, China and Japan. A representative of the National Academy of Engineering in the USA participated by teleconference.

The President of SAAE, Mr Bob Pullen, attended the meeting together with fellows Philip Lloyd, Mike Shand and Vernon Collis. The meeting of the Energy Sub-committee in South Africa was funded by ASSAf.

51 52 Content

Approval of the Abridged Annual Financial Statements 54

Report of the independent auditors 55

Statement of financial position 56

Statement of comprehensive income 57

Statement of cash flows 58

Notes to the annual financial statements 59

53 Approval of the Abridged Annual Financial Statements

The Council is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the abridged annual financial statements and related information.

The abridged annual financial statements are prepared in accordance with the entity’s own accounting policies. These abridged annual financial statements are based on appropriate accounting policies and were consistently applied, except where otherwise stated, and supported by reasonable and prudent judgements and estimates.

The Council is satisfied that the Academy of Science of South Africa will continue asagoing concern in the year ahead. For this reason, the abridged annual financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis.

The abridged annual financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2014 were approved by the Council on the 25th July 2014 and signed on its behalf by:

President: Academy of Science of South Africa

54 Report of the Independent Auditors on the Abridged Annual Financial Statements

TO THE COUNCIL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE OF SOUTH AFRICA

The accompanying abridged annual financial statements of the Academy of Science of South Africa, which comprise the abridged statement of financial position as at 31 March 2014, and the abridged statement of comprehensive income, statement of changes in equity and statement of cash flows for the year then ended, and a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory notes are set out on pages 55-59. We expressed an unqualified opinion on those annual financial statements in our auditor’s report dated the 25th July 2014.

The abridged annual financial statements do not contain all the disclosures required by the entity’s own accounting policies applied in the preparation of the financial statements of Academy of Science of South Africa. Reading the abridged financial statements, therefore is not a substitute for reading the annual financial statements.

Council’s Responsibility for the Abridged Annual Financial Statements The Council is responsible for the preparation and the fair presentation of these abridged financial statements.

Auditor’s Responsibility Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these abridged annual financial statements based on our audit procedures, which we conducted in accordance with International Standard on Auditing 810, Engagements to Report on Summary Financial Statements.

Opinion In our opinion, these abridged annual financial statements derived from the audited annual financial statements of Academy of Science of South Africa for the year ended 31 March 2014 are consistent, in all material respects with those annual financial statements.

Douglas & Velcich Chartered Accountants (SA) Registered Accountants and Auditors

Johannesburg 25 July 2014

55 Statement of Financial Position at 31 March 2014

2014 2013 2012 2011 R R R R

ASSETS

Non-current assets 650 344 601 596 857 010 1 190 428

Tangible assets 650 344 601 596 857 010 1 190 428

Current assets 16 528 894 12 452 121 10 346 225 10 278 220

Trade and other receivables 581 910 457 888 239 666 179 603

Accrued income 333 500 2 700 000 1 042 000 381 823

Cash and cash equivalents 9 281 360 9 294 233 9 064 559 9 716 794

Investments 6 332 124 - - -

Total assets 17 179 238 13 053 717 11 203 235 11 468 648

LIABILITIES

Non-current liabilities 14 959 027 10 397 348 10 477 763 10 417 726

Operating funds 8 120 089 5 007 634 5 088 049 5 028 012

Sustainability fund 6 838 938 5 389 714 5 389 714 5 389 714

Current liabilities 2 220 211 2 656 369 725 472 1 050 922

Trade and other payables 978 139 1 019 653 362 393 76 797

Provisions for leave pay 372 293 372 916 363 079 478 475

Deferred grant income 869 779 1 263 800 - 495 650

Total reserves and liabilities 17 179 238 13 053 717 11 203 235 11 468 648

56 Statement of Comprehensive Income for the Year ended 31 March 2014

2014 2013 2012 2011 R R R R

INCOME 27 658 581 19 486 368 20 142 470 20 893 317

Grants and donations 26 209 357 18 250 903 18 057 555 17 455 393

Consulting income - - 880 306 2 412 003

Membership fees received 64 700 72 151 105 357 82 050

Interest received 638 586 336 360 395 422 359 890

Fair value adjustment 43 389 - - -

Other income 157 259 140 676 139 537 312 527

Income from publications 545 290 686 278 564 293 271 454

OPERATING EXPENDITURE 23 096 901 19 566 783 20 082 433 20 627 871

Salaries and contributions 1 618 450 1 720 032 1 017 232 1 191 049

Office expenses 2 900 852 2 475 978 2 324 586 2 500 607

Administrative costs 700 572 503 710 260 632 401 822

Computer expenses 206 105 197 496 155 877 126 023

Depreciation 258 541 271 778 382 889 360 577

Printing and stationery 85 288 54 376 58 224 135 244

Rent, electricity and maintenance 1 084 507 1 115 316 1 062 356 963 925

Telephone, fax and postage 138 899 133 257 149 280 160 761

Travel and accommodation 426 940 200 045 255 328 352 255

Project expenses 18 577 599 15 370 773 16 740 615 16 936 215

SURPLUS (DEFICIT)/ FOR THE YEAR 4 561 680 (80 415) 60 037 265 446

BALANCE AT BEGINNING OF YEAR 5 007 634 5 088 049 5 028 012 5 981 011

TRANSFER TO SUSTAINABILITY FUND (1 449 224) - - (1 218 445)

BALANCE AT END OF YEAR 8 120 090 5 007 634 5 088 049 5 028 012

57 Statement of Cash Flows for the Year ended 31 March 2014

2014 2013 2012 2011 R R R R

Cash flows from operating activities

Cash receipts from donors and customers 29 262 473 18 537 586 18 531 158 19 872 286

Cash paid to suppliers and employees (23 274 520) (18 627 908) (19 529 344) (21 631 907)

Cash generated/(utilised in) operations 5 987 953 (90 322) (998 186) (1 759 621)

Interest received 638 586 336 360 395 422 359 890

Net inflow/(outflow) from operating activities 6 626 539 246 038 (602 764) (1 399 731)

Cash flows (utilised in) investing activities (6 639 412) (16 364) (49 471) (82 988)

Acquisition of equipment, at cost (307 288) (16 364) (55 459) (82 988)

Acquisition of units trust (6 332 124) - - -

Proceeds from disposal of assets - - 5 988 -

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (12 873) 229 674 (652 235) (1 482 719)

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 9 294 233 9 064 559 9 716 794 11 199 513

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 9 281 360 9 294 233 9 064 559 9 716 794

58 Notes to the Abridged Financial Statements for the Year ended 31 March 2014

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

1. PRESENTATION OF ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The annual financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for financial instruments, and incorporate the principal accounting policies set out below.

1.1. TANGIBLE ASSETS

Equipment is stated at cost less provision for depreciation. Depreciation is calculated to write off the cost of the assets on the straight line method over their expected useful lives at the following rates:-

Computer equipment and software - 33.33 % per annum

Furniture and fittings - 15 % per annum

Office equipment - 15 % per annum

Computer software - 50 % per annum

1.2 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Financial instruments, which include receivables and bank and cash balances are initially measured at cost, and subsequent recognition is at fair value.

1.3 REVENUE

Income from grants is brought to account in the period to which it relates.

All other income is brought to account as and when received.

NOTE: Full version of the approved and signed audited financial statements are available at the offices of the Academy of Science of South Africa.

59 60 Quarraisha Abdool Karim is Associate Professor in Clinical Epidemiology at Columbia University, As- sociate Scientific Director of CAPRISA and Adjunct Professor in Public Health at the Nelson R Man- dela School of Medicine, UKZN.

Salim S Abdool Karim is a clinical infectious diseases epidemiologist, Director of CAPRISA and Pro Vice-Chancellor (Research) at UKZN.

Rob Adam is Group Executive: Nuclear at the Aveng Group and an Extraordinary Professor of Physics at both UP and Unisa.

Ralph Adendorff is Professor and Head of the Department of English Language and Linguistics at RU.

Jimi Adesina is Professor and DST/NRF Research Chair at the College of Graduate Studies, Unisa.

Miriam Adhikari is an Emeritus Professor in the College of Health Sciences at the Nelson Mandela School of Medicine at UKZN.

Jill Adler holds the First Rand Foundation (FRF) Mathematics Education Chair at Wits.

Anthony Jide Afolayan is the leader of the Centre for Phytomedicine Research and the Director of the Central Analytical laboratory at UFH.

Mark Alexander is Professor of Civil Engineering at UCT and Director of the Concrete Materials and Structural Integrity Research Unit at UCT.

Marco Andreoli is a private consultant in radioactive raw materials and Specialist Scientist at Nec- sa (formerly the Atomic Energy Board), which he joined in 1982 until retirement in 2011.

Harold Annegarn is a Research Professor in the Department of Geography, Environmental Man- agement and Energy Studies at UJ.

Christopher Charles Appleton is an Emeritus Professor of Parasitology in the School of Life Sciences at UKZN.

Reinhard Richard Arndt was one of the founders of the Rand Afrikaans University, and Head of the Chemistry Department for 12 years.

Lewis David Ashwal is Professor of Petrology, Mineralogy and Geochemistry at Wits School of Geo- sciences.

Lucinda Backwell is a Senior Researcher in the Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Re- search in the School of Geosciences at Wits.

Saleem Badat is Programme Director of international higher education and strategic projects at the Andrew W Mellon Foundation.

Himansu Baijnath is an Honorary Research Professor in the School of Biological and Conservation Sciences at UKZN.

Narend Baijnath is Pro Vice-Chancellor of Unisa.

Yunus Ballim currently holds a personal Professorship at Wits and was the Head of the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering from 2001 to 2005.

Jacek Banasiak is a Senior Professor in the School of Mathematical Sciences at UKZN and has been a Research Professor there since 2011.

Eric Bateman is Emeritus Professor of Respiratory Medicine, UCT and Director of the UCT Lung Institute.

Ahmed Bawa is Vice-Chancellor and Principal of DUT.

Solomon Benatar is Emeritus Professor of Medicine and past founding Director of UCT’s Bioethics Centre.

61 Nigel Charles Bennett occupies the DST-NRF Research Chair in the field of Mammalian Behavioural Ecology and Physiology and the UP Austin Roberts Chair of African Mammalogy.

Lee Berger is Research Professor in Human Evolution and the Public Understanding of Science at Wits.

G Michael Berger was Associate Professor and Head of Chemical Pathology at the Red Cross Chil- dren’s Hospital and Professor and Head of Chemical Pathology at the University of Natal Medical School.

Patricia Berjak is Emeritus Professor and Senior Research Associate at UKZN.

Ann Bernstein heads the Centre for Development and Enterprise, South Africa.

Arvin Bhana is an Honorary Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology, School of Ap- plied Human Sciences at UKZN.

Krish Bharuth-Ram was the Head of NACI.

Ramesh Bharuthram is Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Academic) at UWC.

Nicholas Biekpe is Professor of Development Finance and Econometrics at UCT’s Business School and the President of the Africa growth Institute.

William (Bill) Bishai was Professor of Medicine in the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases at UKZN.

Judith Bishop is Director of Computer Science in Microsoft Research, based in Redmond, United States of America.

Nigel Tempest Bishop is the Head of Department of Mathematics at RU.

Gregory L Blatch is Professor and Dean of the College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria Univer- sity, Melbourne, Australia.

David Block is a Professor of Applied Mathematics and Astronomy at Wits.

Alfred Botha is a Professor of Microbiology at SU.

Liesbeth Botha is Executive Director: Implementation Unit at the CSIR.

Rudie Botha is Emeritus Professor of General Linguistics at SU.

Thomas Hamilton Bothwell is Emeritus Professor of Medicine and an Honorary Professorial Research Fellow at Wits.

Paul Bowen is Professor and former Head of the Department of Construction Economics and Man- agement at UCT.

Charles Kimberlin Brain was Director of the Transvaal Museum in Pretoria and is currently Curator Emeritus at the museum.

George Branch is Emeritus Professor of Biological Sciences and the Marine Biology Research Insti- tute, UCT.

Chris Brink is Vice-Chancellor of Newcastle University, UK.

Paul Andries Brink is Professor and Chairman of the Research Committee, Department of Internal Medicine at SU.

Duncan Brown is Dean of the Arts Faculty at UWC.

62 James Bull is Emeritus Professor and Honorary Research Associate in Organic Chemistry at UCT.

Renier Adriaan Burger is Professor of Physics at NWU.

Sandra Burman is Professor of Socio-legal Studies at UCT and founder Director of the Interfaculty Centre for Socio-Legal Research.

Stephanie Gail Burton is Vice-Principal: Research and Postgraduate Education at UP.

Claude Carignan is a South African Square Kilometer Array (SKA) Research Chair in Multi-wave- length Astronomy in the Department of Astronomy at UCT.

Jane Carruthers is Chair of the Academic Advisory Board of the Rachel Carson Centre at the Lud- wig Maximilian University in Munich, and President of the International Consortium of Environmen- tal History Organisations based at Duke University.

Jennifer Case is a Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at UCT.

Michael Chapman is Emeritus Professor and Fellow of UKZN.

Philip Allan Charles is Head of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of South- Hampton.

Michael Cherry is a Professor of Zoology at SU.

Nithaya Chetty is a Professor of Physics at UP.

Rachel Chikwamba is Group Executive at the CSIR.

Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan is a palaeobiologist in the Zoology Department at UCT.

Renfrew Christie is Dean of Research at UWC.

Alan Christoffels is the DST/NRF Research Chair in Bioinformatics and Health Genomics at UWC.

Walter T Claassen was Professor and Vice-Rector for Research at SU.

Peter Eiddon Cleaton-Jones is an Adjunct Professor in the Wits Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics.

Thomas Eugene Cloete is Vice-Rector, Research and Innovation at SU.

Maureen Coetzee holds a SARChI Chair in Medical Entomology and Vector Control at Wits.

John Darrell Comins is Emeritus Research Professor and Director of the Raman and Luminescence Laboratory at Wits.

Neville Raymond Comins currently consults in the fields of Innovation, National Systems of Innova- tion, and Science Park Development.

Simon H Connell is an Extraordinary Associate Professor at NWU.

Jacobus Conradie is the Head of the Accelerator and Engineering Department of iThemba LABS.

Hoosen Coovadia is Director: Maternal Adolescent and Child Health, Wits and Commissioner at the National Planning Commission in the Presidency.

Anna Coutsoudis is a public health scientist and is a Professor in the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, UKZN.

Don Cowan is Director of the Centre for Genomics Research at UP.

63 Richard Mark Cowling is a Distinguished Professor in the Botany Department at NMMU.

Robin Michael Crewe is the Director of Centre for the Advancement of Scholarship at UP.

Felix Dapare Dakora is Professor and holds the South African Research Chair in Agrochemurgy and Plant Symbioses at TUT.

Peter Dankelmann is Professor in the Department of Mathematics at UJ.

Dennis Martin Davis is a Judge of the Cape High Court and a Competition Appeal Court Judge.

Christian Rudolph de Beer is Senior Vice-Principal at UP.

Tilman Dedering is Professor in History at Unisa.

John Wesley de Gruchy is Emeritus Professor of Christian Studies at UCT.

Cheryl de la Rey is the Vice-Chancellor and Principal of UP.

Van Zyl de Villiers is Director at the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna, Austria.

David Dewar is Emeritus Professor and Senior Research Scholar in the School of Architecture, Plan- ning and Geomatics at UCT.

Maarten de Wit is the Chair of Earth Stewardship Science at NMMU in Port Elizabeth.

Roseanne Diab is the Executive Officer of ASSAf and Emeritus Professor in Environmental Sciences, UKZN.

Leon Milner Theodore Dicks is a Distinguished Professor of Microbiology at SU.

Thulani H Dlamini is an Executive Manager: Research & Development at Sasol.

Tania Douglas is Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Deputy Dean for Research in the Faculty of Health Sciences at UCT.

Kathleen Ann Driveris Emeritus Professor of Mathematics and former Dean of the Faculty of Sci- ence, UCT.

Themba Dube is Professor of Mathematics at Unisa.

John Duncan is a consultant/researcher in Higher Education.

Norman TF Duncan is Professor in Psychology and the Dean of Humanities at UP.

Lourens Marthinus du Plessis is Research Professor in the Faculty of Law at NWU.

Willemien du Plessis is Professor of Law and Director of the Research Unit at the Faculty of Law, NWU.

James du Preez is Head of the Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology at UFS.

Anton Eberhard is a Professor at the University of Cape Town where he directs the Management Programme in Infrastructure Reform and Regulation at the Graduate School of Business.

George Andrian Ekama is Professor of Water Quality Engineering at UCT.

William (Fred) Ellery is Professor of Environmental Science at RU.

George Francis Rayner Ellis is Emeritus Professor of Mathematics at UCT.

64 Irma Eloff is the Dean: Faculty of Education, UP.

Jacobus (Kobus) Eloff is Research Professor leading the Phytomedicine Programme at UP.

Theuns Eloff is former Vice-Chancellor of NWU.

Petra Engelbrecht is a Research Professor in Education, Canterbury Christ Church University, Eng- land.

Patrick George Eriksson is Head of the Department of Geology at UP.

Theunis Erasmus was Vice-Rector at UP.

Arthur George Every is Emeritus Professor of Physics at Wits.

Bernard Fanaroff is Project Manager of the South African Square Kilometer Array Project.

Jill Margaret Farrant holds a Research Chair (Molecular Physiology of Plant Desiccation Tolerance) in the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, UCT.

Sharon Fonnis Professor in the School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand.

Michael William Feast is Honorary Professor of Astronomy at UCT.

Johannes Wolfgang Fedderke is Director of Economic Research Southern Africa and Professor of Economics and International Affairs at Pennsylvania State University.

John Field is Chair of the Partnership for Observation of the Global Ocean and on the Scientific Advisory Council of the Plymouth Marine Laboratory, UK.

Brian Figaji was Vice-Chancellor of the former Peninsula Technikon.

Maxim Finkelstein is Senior Professor in the Department of Mathematical Statistics, UFS.

Rosalie Finlayson is Emeritus Professor at Unisa.

Peter Folb is Emeritus Professor of Pharmacology at UCT.

Andrew Forbes is the Chief Researcher and Research Group Leader for Mathematical Optics at the CSIR National Laser Centre.

Pierre William Froneman is Professor in the Department of Zoology and Entomology at RU.

Richard Francis Fuggle is Emeritus Professor of Environmental Studies at UCT and practises as an environmental consultant.

Christoph Friedrich Garbers is a retired Professor of Organic Chemistry and former Chancellor at Unisa.

Geoff Garrett is Chief Scientist of Queensland, Australia.

Jan Geertsema is Quality Manager of the Faculty of Natural Sciences at NWU after his retirement as Director of Research Support at NWU.

Wieland Gevers is Emeritus Professor of Medical Biochemistry at UCT.

Hendrik Geyer is Director of the Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study.

Nicolaas Claudius (Nico) Gey van Pittius is the Deputy Dean: Research of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SU.

65 David Glasser is a Professor of Chemical Engineering and a Director of the Material and Process Synthesis research unit at Unisa.

Irvy (Igle) Gledhill is a scientist in the Defence, Peace, Safety and Security Unit of the CSIR.

Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela is Senior Research Professor on trauma, forgiveness and reconciliation at UFS.

Richard Joseph Goldstone was a Justice of the Constitutional Court.

Rob Gous is Emeritus Professor and Senior Research Fellow at UKZN.

Kesh Govinder is Professor of Applied Mathematics and Dean and Head of School of Mathemat- ics, Statistics and Computer Science at UKZN.

Glenda Gray is President and CEO of the MRC, non-executive Director of the Perinatal HIV Re- search Unit, Baragwanath Hospital and Professor of Paediatrics at Wits.

Diane Jeanette Grayson is Director of Institutional Audits at the Council on Higher Education.

Minrie Greeff is Professor in Research in the Africa Unit for Trans-disciplinary Health Research at NWU.

Gideon Petrus Greyvenstein is Executive Director of Ennex Developments.

Nicolaas Johannes Grové is Registrar at UP.

Bao-Zhu Guo is Professor of Control Theory and Applied Mathematics at Wits.

Adam Habib is Vice-Chancellor at Wits.

Ariff Ahmed Hafejee is Professor and holds senior positions at Addington and King Edward VIII Hospital.

Fritz JW Hahne was Professor of Theoretical Physics and Dean of Science at SU.

Raymond Haines is a retired Professor of Inorganic Chemistry from UKZN.

Carolyn Hamilton holds a DST-NRF Research Chair in Archive and Public Culture based in the So- cial Anthropology Department at UCT.

Lawrence Hamilton is Professor of Politics at Wits.

Willem Hanekom is Director of the South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Faculty of Health Sciences, UCT.

Ronald Harley is a Regents’ Professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA.

Susan Theresa Largier Harrison is Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering, UCT.

Rashid Hassan is the Director of the Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa, Fac- ulty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, UP.

Henriette Rosalyn Hay is Vice-Rector: Academic at UFS.

Manfred Armin Hellberg is Emeritus Professor of Physics and Senior Research Associate at UKZN.

Fred Thomas Hendricks is the Dean of the Faculty of Humanities at RU.

Jozeph Johannes Henning is a Distinguished Professor of Law, Director of the Centre for Business Law at UFS, and a Professor Extraordinarius of Mercantile Law at Unisa.

Christopher Henshilwood is a Professor at the Institute for Human Evolution, Wits and holds a South African Research Chair in the Origins of Modern Human Behaviour.

66 Christof Heyns is Professor of Human Rights Law and Co-director of the Institute for International and Comparative Law in Africa at UP.

Winston Hide is Associate Professor of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology in the Depart- ment of Biostatistics at Harvard School of Public Health.

John Anthony Higgins is a Professor in the English Department at UCT.

Diane Hildebrandt is the Director of MaPS Research Unit at Unisa’s College of Science, Engineering and Technology and is a Professor of Chemical Engineering.

Michael Johan Richard Hoch is an honorary Professorial Research Fellow at Wits.

Jan-Hendrik Servaas Hofmeyr is Professor of Biocomplexity and Biochemistry at SU.

Sarah Jane Howie is a Professor in the Department of Mathematics, Science and Technology Edu- cation at UP.

Heidi Hudson is Professor of International Relations and Director of the Centre for Africa Studies at UFS.

Henk Huismans is a Professor and Head of Genetics at UP where he was a Professor and Head of the Department of Virology.

Brian John Huntley was former Chief Executive Officer of the South African National Biodiversity Institute and is an Emeritus Professor at UCT.

Gregory Dudley Hussey is Professor and Director of Vaccines for the Africa Initiative at UCT.

Nicola Illing is a Professor in the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology at UCT.

Nelson Ijumba is the Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Academics) at the University of Rwanda.

David Steve Jacobs is an Associate Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences and holds a Research Chair in Animal Evolution and Systematics at UCT.

Wilmot James is a Member of Parliament and Chairperson of the Democratic Alliance.

Hilary Janks is a Professor in the School of Education at Wits.

Estrelita Janse van Rensburg is a Global Medical Director at Global Central Laboratories, Quintiles at UP.

HCJ (Dingie) Janse van Rensburg is Extraordinary Professor in the Centre for Health Systems Re- search and Development at UFS.

Jonathan David Jansen is Rector and Vice-Chancellor at UFS.

Neil Jarvis is Section Head: Division for Africa, Technical Cooperation Department at the Interna- tional Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna, Austria.

Mohamed S Jeenah is the Executive Director responsible for Research and Development at the ARC.

Branislav Jeremic is Head of Oncology at SU and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town.

Trefor Jenkins is Emeritus Professor and Honorary Professorial Research Fellow at Wits.

Eugene Llewellyn Julies is Executive Director of Warrodoms Consulting, and Chief Technical Advi- sor to the Ministry of Commerce in Afghanistan.

Michael Kahn is Professor Extraordinaire at SU and Director of Research and Innovation Associates, Cape Town.

67 Evance Rabban Kalula is Professor of Law in the Faculty of Law, UCT.

Colin Kenyon is Group Leader of the Process Biochemistry Group at the CSIR. He is an Extraordinary Professor in the Department of Biochemistry at UP.

Michael Charles Kew is Emeritus Professor of Medicine and Honorary Research Professor in the Fac- ulty of Health Sciences at Wits and Honorary Research Professor, Groote Schuur Hospital and UCT.

Klaus Koch is currently the Executive Head of the Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science at SU.

Lodewyk Kock is a Distinguished Professor at UFS.

Rifka Kfir is the interim CEO at TIA and Extraordinary Professor at UP Water Institute.

Benito Makhala Khotseng was DVC at UFS.

Johann Kirsten is Professor and Head of the Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development at UP.

Duard Godfried Kleyn is Professor and Dean of the Faculty of Law at UP.

Horst Helmut Klump is Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry and Head of the Department of Biochem- istry at UCT.

Carolina Koornhof is currently the Executive Director: Finance and Business Activities at UP.

Girish J Kotwal was Professor and Chair of Medical Virology, member of the Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine at UCT.

Renée C Kraan–Korteweg heads the Department of Astronomy at UCT.

Anna Kramvis is a Research Professor and Leader of the Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Pro- gramme (HVDRP), Wits.

Helen Laburn is Professor at the School of Physiology at Wits.

Maryke Labuschagne is Professor and Head of the division of Plant Breeding in the Department of Plant Sciences at UFS.

Bernard Lategan is the founding Director of the Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study.

Alison Lewis is a Professor in the Chemical Engineering Department at UCT, Head of Department and the Director of the Crystallisation and Precipitation Research Unit.

Attie Johannes Ligthelm is Dean of the School of Dentistry at UP.

Elsabé Loots is the Dean of the Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences at UP.

Jean M-S Lubuma is Head of the Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics at UP and SARChI Chair in Mathematical Models and Methods in Bioengineering and Biosciences.

Catriona Macleod is Professor of Psychology and SARChI Chair in Critical Studies in Sexualities and Reproduction at RU.

Shabir Madhi is the Executive Director of the National Institute for Communicable Diseases at the National Health Laboratory Service and DST/NRF Research Chair for Vaccine Preventable Disease and Professor of Vaccinology at Wits.

Christopher Cuthber Posela Madiba was Chief Director of Systems Development and Coordina- tion in the Department of Education.

68 Nomathemba Virginia Magi was Dean of the Faculty of Education at UZ.

Sunil Maharaj holds the South African Research Chair in Gravitating Systems and is Professor of Applied Mathematics at UKZN.

Fazal Mahomed is the Director of the Centre for Differential Equations, Continuum Mechanics and Applications at Wits.

Thokozani Majozi is Professor of Chemical Engineering at Wits and holds the NRF/DST Chair in Sus- tainable Process Engineering.

Malegapuru William Makgoba is Vice-Chancellor of UKZN.

Duma Enoch Malaza was Chief Executive Officer of HESA and former Director of Quality Assur- ance at UP.

Johannes Albertus Geldenhuys Malherbe is a retired Professor and was Dean of Engineering and Vice-Principal at UP.

Tinyiko Sam Maluleke is a DVC at UJ.

Mzamo P Mangaliso is a Professor of Strategic Management at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts in the USA.

Chabani Manganyi was Chairman of the Council for Higher Education and was Vice-Principal of UP.

Vincent Maphai is Executive Director of Corporate Affairs and Transformation at the South African Breweries.

Adrian David Marais is the Head of the Division of Chemical Pathology in the UCT Health Sciences Faculty.

Jacobus Gideon Maree is Professor in the Department of Educational Psychology at UP.

Delia Marshall is an Associate Professor in the Physics Department at UWC.

Tshilidzi Marwala is DVC: Research at UJ.

Thoko V Mayekiso is the DVC for Research and Engagement at NMMU

Bongani Mawethu Mayosi is Professor and Head of the Department of Medicine at UCT.

Anthony David Mbewu is Chief Executive Officer of the South African Government Printing Works.

Veronica McKay is Deputy Executive Dean: College of Education at Unisa.

Lirieka Meintjes-Van der Walt is an Adjunct Professor of Law at UFH.

Barry Vincent Mendelow is Emeritus Professor in the Department of Molecular Medicine and Hae- matology at Wits.

Rajend Mesthrie is Professor of Linguistics at UCT and holder of an NRF Research Chair.

Thaddeus Metz is Humanities Research Professor of Philosophy at UJ.

Joseph Philip Michael is Professor of Organic Chemistry at Wits.

John Robert Midgley is DVC: Research and Innovation at UZ.

Guy Franklin Midgley is a Professor in Botany and Zoology at SU, Chief Director at SANBI and an Associate Professor in the School of Agricultural, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, UKZN.

69 Robert Millar is currently Director of the Mammal Research Institute at UP.

Duncan Mitchell is Emeritus Professor of Physiology at Wits.

Valerie Mizrahi is the Director of the Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and a Professor at UCT.

Philemon Mphathi Mjwara is Director-General of the DST.

Renosi Mokate is Executive Director of the World Bank.

Khotso Mokhele is an Advisor to the Minister of Science and Technology and serves on various boards.

Ebrahim Momoniat is Professor and Head of the School of Computational and Applied Math- ematics at Wits.

Harm Moraal is Emeritus Professor of Physics at NWU.

Vincent Clifford Moran is Emeritus Professor and Research Associate, Department of Biological Sci- ences, UCT.

Alan G Morris is Professor in the Department of Human Biology at UCT.

Lynn Morris heads the HIV Virology Section within the Centre for HIV & STIs at the National Institute for Communicable Diseases and holds a joint appointment as Research Professor at Wits.

Johann Mouton is Director of the Centre for Research on Evaluation, Science and Technology and Director of the African Doctoral Academy at SU.

Malose Jack Mphahlele is Professor of Organic Chemistry at Unisa.

Bangilizwe Mqeke is a Professor of Law and former Dean of Law at RU.

John Cantius Mubangizi is a Professor of Law and DVC at UKZN.

Mammo Muchie is a DST/NRF Research Professor of Innovation and Development at TUT; Senior Research Associate at Oxford University, UK and Adjunct Professor at the Adama Science and Technology University in Ethiopia.

Sospeter Mwijarubi Muhongo is Professor of Geology, University of Dar Es Salaam and an honorary Professor of Geology at UP.

Johan Pieter Muller is Emeritus Professor, School of Education, UCT.

Sagadevan Govindasamy Mundree is Professor and Deputy Director of the Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities at Queensland University of Technology.

Kathryn Myburgh is Professor in the Department of Physiological Sciences, SU.

David Mycock is Assistant Dean Postgraduate in the Faculty of Science at Wits.

Christina Mynhardt is Professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Victoria, Canada.

Jean B Nachenga is Extraordinary Professor at SU and Honorary full Professor of Medicine in the Department of Medicine at UCT.

Gonasageran Naidoo is Emeritus Professor and Senior Research Associate in the School of Life Sci- ences, UKZN.

70 Shamila Nair is Senior Programme Specialist, Africa Department (UNESCO in Paris), Coordinator of the UN Science and Technology Cluster and Director of Research at the French Institute for Health and Medical Research.

Luigi Renzo Nassimbeni is Emeritus Professor in Chemistry, UCT.

Nicoli Nattrass is Professor of Economics and Director of the AIDS and Society Research Unit at UCT.

Daniel James Ncayiyana is Emeritus Professor at UCT and serves as Advisor to the President of the Human Sciences Research Council.

Njabulo Simakhahle Ndebele is Chancellor at UJ.

Sabelo Ndlovu-Gatsheni is Head of Archie Mafeje Research Institute (AMRI) and Professor in the Department of Development Studies at Unisa.

Marie-Louise Newell is Professor of Global Health at the University of Southampton.

Phuthi E Ngoepe is Professor and Director of the Materials Modelling Centre at UL.

Mokubung Nkomo was DVC of Teaching, Learning and Technology at TUT.

Stella Nkomo is Deputy Dean of Research and Postgraduate Studies in the Faculty of Economic Management Sciences and Professor in the Department of Human Resource Management at UP.

Wiseman Nkuhlu is Chancellor of UP.

Jo MF Noero is Professor and Director in the School of Architecture at UCT.

Loyiso Gordon Nongxa is Professor and former Vice-Chancellor and Principal at Wits.

Odireleng Martin Ntwaeaborwa is Professor of Physics at UFS.

Tebello Nyokong is Professor of Physical Chemistry at RU.

Cyril Thomas O’Connor is a Senior Research Scholar in the Department of Chemical Engineering at UCT.

Darragh O’Donoghue is Deputy Chair of the Board of Directors and Head of the Instrumentation Division of the Southern African Large Telescope.

Chikwelu Larry Obiis DVC, Academic Affairs and Research at WSU.

Catherine A Odora Hoppers is the DST/NRF SARChI Research Chair in Development Education at Unisa.

Douglas William Oliver is the Director: School of Pharmacy at NWU.

Gilbert Oke Martin Onwu is Professor of Chemical Education in the Faculty of Education, UP.

Phillip Onyebujoh is the Manager for TB/HIV clinical studies for the Special Programme for Re- search and Training in Tropical Diseases at the World Health Organisation in Geneva.

Frederick Mark Orkin is Visiting Professor at the Wits School of Governance and former Chief Ex- ecutive of the HSRC.

Ruksana Osman holds a personal Professorship at Wits and is Dean of Humanities at Wits.

Nicky Gopalan Padayachee was Professor and Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences, UCT.

Norman Pammenter is Emeritus Professor and Senior Research Associate at UKZN.

71 Mohammed Iqbal Parker is the Director of the Cape Town Component of the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology.

John Parkington is Professor in the Department of Archaeology at UCT.

Adrian (Adi) Walter Paterson is the Chief Executive Officer of the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation.

Hugh Patterton is Professor in the Department of Biotechnology at UFS.

Robert Clive Pattinson is Professor and Clinical Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynae- cology at UP.

Claire Penn is the Simmonds Hampton Chair of Speech Pathology and Audiology at Wits.

Michael Pepper is Director of the Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Professor in the Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UP.

Francis Petersen is Dean of Engineering and the Built Environment at UCT.

Francesco Petruccione is South African Research Chair in Quantum Information Processing and Communication at UKZN and Deputy Director of the National Institute for Theoretical Physics.

John Morley Pettifor is a paediatrician, and Emeritus Professor and Honorary Professorial Research- er at Wits.

Mamokgethi Phakeng is Professor and Vice-Principal of Research and Innovation at Unisa.

Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya is the Director of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS Research Alliance of the HSRC.

Samuel George Harker Philander is Knox Taylor Professor of Geosciences at Princeton University and a Research Professor at UCT.

Ian Phimister is Senior Research Professor at UFS.

William Pick is Emeritus Professor and former Head of the School of Public Health at Wits. He is Hon- orary Professor at UCT and Extraordinary Professor at SU.

Jaco Pienaar is the Director of WorkWell (Research Unit for Economic and Management Sciences) at NWU.

Pragasen Pillay is Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Hydro- Quebec Senior Chair at Concordia University.

Viness Pillay is a NRF/DST Research Chair in Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Polymer-Engineered Drug Delivery Technologies at Wits.

Calie Pistorius is the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Hull in the UK.

Chris Pistorius is Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, Pitts- burgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Nyameko Barney Pityana is the Rector of the College of the Transfiguration, Grahamstown.

Deborah Posel is a Professor in Sociology at UCT.

Anastassios Pouris is Professor and Director of the Institute for Technological Innovation at UP.

Wolfgang Preiser is the Head of the Division of Medical Virology at SU and NHLS Tygerberg.

Zacharias Andries Pretorius is Professor of Plant Pathology in the Department of Plant Sciences at UFS.

72 Bernard Alexander Prior is Professor Extraordinary in the Department of Microbiology at SU.

Hugh Wynford Pritchard is Head of Research in the Seed Conservation Department of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew.

Otto Walter Prozesky was DVC of UP and President of the MRC.

Raj Ramesar is Professor and Head of the Division of Human Genetics at UCT.

Deresh Ramjugernath is a Professor of Chemical Engineering at UKZN.

Mamphela Aletta Ramphele was the Leader of Agang SA.

Michele Ramsay is the Head of the Molecular Genetics Laboratory at the National Health Labora- tory Service and a Professor at Wits.

Douglas Eric Rawlings is currently acting Dean of Science, SU.

Daya Reddy holds the South African Research Chair in Computational Mechanics at UCT.

Priscilla Reddy is the Deputy Executive Director, within the Population Health, Health Systems and Innovations (PHHSI) Research Programme at the HSRC.

Helen Rees is the Executive Director of the Reproductive Health and HIV Research Institute at Wits.

Thomas Rehle is a Visiting Professor of International Health at UCT and serves as a Director and Senior Programme Advisor at the HSRC.

Carolus Reinecke was Professor of Biochemistry and Vice-Chancellor of the former Potchefstroom University.

David Mark Richardson is Distinguished Professor in the Department of Botany and Zoology at SU and Director of the DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology.

Linda Marlene Richter is a Distinguished Research Fellow at the HSRC.

Terence John Robinson is Vice-Dean Research: Faculty of Science, SU.

Andreas Roodt is an Outstanding Professor in Inorganic Chemistry at UFS.

Neil Roos is Associate Research Professor in History at UFS and Co-director of the Vice-Chancellor’s Prestige Scholars’ Programme.

Cornelia Roux is a Professor and Research Director at the Faculty of Education Sciences, NWU.

Justus Christiaan Roux is Director of the Research Unit for Language and Literatures in the South African Context at NWU.

Heinz Rüther is Emeritus Professor of Geomatics at UCT.

Edward Peter Rybicki is a Professor in Microbiology at UCT.

Michael John Samways is Professor and Chair of the Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology at SU.

Roelf Feenstra Sandenbergh is Dean, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology at UP.

Machaba Michael Sathekge is Professor and Head of Nuclear Medicine Department at UP.

73 Christopher Saunders is Emeritus Professor at UCT.

Mary Catherine Scholes is Professor in the School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences at Wits.

Robert Scholes is a systems ecologist in the CSIR’s Natural Resources and the Environment Division.

Barry David Schoub is the former Executive Director of the National Institute for Communicable Diseases.

Roland Schulze is Emeritus Professor in Hydrology at UKZN.

Soraya Seedat is Professor, Executive Head of Department of Psychiatry at SU and South African Research Chair in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Jeremy Seekings is Professor of Political Studies and Sociology, and Director of the Centre for So- cial Science Research at UCT.

Bob JR Seretlo is Emeritus Professor of Physics at UFH.

Vikash Sewram is Director: African Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SU.

Charlie Shackleton is Professor in Environmental Science at RU and DST-NRF SARChI Chair in Inter- disciplinary Science in Land and Natural Resource Use for Sustainable Livelihoods.

John Francis Sharpey-Schafer is a retired Nuclear Physicist and Extraordinary Professor at UWC.

Olive Shisana is Chief Executive Officer of the HSRC.

Sibusiso Sibisi is Chief Executive Officer of the CSIR.

WR Siegfried is Emeritus Professor at UCT.

Silvester Ron Simango is Associate Professor of Linguistics in the Department of English Language and Linguistics at RU.

Leickness Chisamu Simbayi is the Executive Director of HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted infections and tuberculosis research programme at the HSRC.

Mala Singh is Professor Extraordinaire in the Centre for Higher Education Research, Teaching and Learning at RU.

Suprakas Sinha-Ray is Chief Researcher and Director of DST/CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, CSIR.

Beric William Skews is Director of the Flow Research Unit at Wits.

Dirk Smit is Distinguished Professor in Systematic Theology and Ethics at SU.

Hendrik Christoffel (Hennie) Snyman is retired Rector and Vice-Chancellor Port Elizabeth Tech- nikon (now NMMU) and Emeritus Professor of Physics at NMMU.

Mark Solms is Professor in Neuropsychology at UCT.

Himla Soodyall is Director of the MRC/NHLS/Wits Human Genomic Diversity and Disease Research Unit at the National Health Laboratory Service and Wits.

Dan Stein is Professor and Chair of the Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health at UCT.

Gary Stevens is Professor in the Department of Geology and Director of the Central Analytical Facility at SU.

74 Theodor John Stewart is Emeritus Professor of Statistical Sciences (with particular emphasis on operations research) at UCT.

Pieter Streicher Steyn is Professor of Chemistry at SU.

Pieter Helenius Stoker is Emeritus Professor in the School of Physics, NWU.

Anton Ströh is Dean of the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences and a Council member of UP.

Rolf Heinrich Stumpf was Vice-Chancellor at NMMU, Deputy Vice-Chancellor at SU and President of the HSRC.

Gerald Edwin (Gerry) Swan is Dean of the Faculty of Veterinary Science at UP.

Frans Swanepoel is Professor in Animal Science and Director of the African Doctoral Academy at SU.

Christiaan F Swanepoel was Vice-Principal Academic and Research at Unisa and is currently Emeritus Professor and Research Fellow in the Department of African Languages and Literature.

Hendrik Swart is a Senior Professor and currently the Head of the Department of Physics at UFS.

Bohua Sun is Professor and Director of the Centre for Mechanics and Technology at CPUT.

Nthoana Tau-Mzamane is Registrar at WSU.

John Reginald Nuttall Taylor is Professor of Food Science at UP.

Petro Terblanche is a Managing Director: Pelchem (Pty) Ltd.

Jennifer Ann Thomsonis Emeritus Professor of Microbiology in the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology at UCT.

Caroline Tiemessen is Head of the Cell Biology Research Laboratory within the Centre for HIV and STIs/National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service.

Keyan Gray Tomaselli is Director and Senior Professor at the Centre for Communication, Media and Society at UKZN.

Peter Doughtrey Tyson is Emeritus Professor and former Vice-Principal of Wits.

Peter Vale is Professor of Humanities at UJ.

Annél van Aswegen is Director: Human Resources and a member of Council of UP.

Hennie van Coller is a Distinguished Professor and Head of the Department of Afrikaans and Dutch, German and French at UFS.

Andries Johannes van der Walt is Professor, Faculty of Law and South African Research Chair in Property Law, SU.

Jan Horn van Heerden is Professor and Head of the Department of Economics at UP.

Willem Francois Petrus van Heerden is Professor and Head of the Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology in the School of Dentistry at UP.

Paul David van Helden is Professor and Head of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics at SU.

Albert van Jaarsveld is the Chief Executive Officer of the NRF.

Anton Albert van Niekerk is Professor and Chair of the Philosophy Department and Director of the Centre for Applied Ethics at SU.

75 Frederik van Niekerk is DVC: Research, Innovation and Technology at NWU.

Johannes van Staden is Emeritus Professor and Director of the Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, UKZN.

Brian van Wilgen is Research Professor at the Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, SU.

Jacobus Daniel van Wyk is Visiting Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engi- neering Science at UJ.

Arnold van Zyl is the Rector of the Technical University of Chemnitz in Germany.

Willem Heber (Emile) van Zyl is Distinguished Professor in Microbiology and Head of Microbiology Department at SU and DST/NRF Senior Chair of Energy Research: Bio-fuels.

Johan van Zyl is the Group Chief Executive Officer of Sanlam Limited.

Daniel Verwoerd is Research Coordinator of the Faculty of Veterinary Science at UP.

Zeblon Zenzele Vilakazi is DVC: Research and Postgraduate Affairs at Wits and Extraordinary Pro- fessor at UP.

Louise Viljoen is Professor in the Department of Afrikaans and Dutch at SU.

Sibusiso Vil-Nkomo is Professor and Executive Director: Institutional Advancement at UP.

Daniel Visser is DVC: Research at UCT and a Professor of Law.

Renuka Vithal is DVC for Teaching and Learning at UKZN.

Wilma Viviers is a Professor of International Trade and Leader of the Trade and Development research entity at NWU.

James Andrew (Jimmy) Volmink is Dean and Professor of Community Health in the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences at SU.

Gerhard von Gruenewaldt is retired Vice-President of the NRF and a private consultant in the areas of science policy, evaluations and research infrastructure.

Hester (Esté) Vorster is a Research Professor in Nutrition at the NWU.

Lyn Wadley is an Honorary Professor of Archaeology at Wits.

Yusuf Waghid is Professor of Philosophy of Education in the Department of Education Policy Studies at SU.

Anthony David Mortimer Walker is Emeritus Professor and Honorary Research Associate in Physics at UKZN.

Melanie Walker is SARChI Chair in Higher Education and Development and Director of the Centre for Higher Education and Capabilities Research at UFS.

Brian Warner is Distinguished Emeritus Professor of Natural Philosophy and a Senior Scholar at UCT.

76 Herman Wasserman is Professor at the Centre for Film and Media Studies, UCT.

Vanessa Jane Watson is Professor in the School of Architecture, Planning and Geomatics at UCT.

Paula Watt is Professor in Biology at the School of Life Sciences, UKZN.

Alan Weinberg is Emeritus Professor of English at Unisa and contracted to the Research Depart- ment of Unisa.

Mark Charles Wentzel is Professor with the Water Research Group in the Department of Civil Engi- neering at UCT.

Patricia Ann Whitelock is an Astronomer with the South African Astronomical Observatory and Adjunct Professor at UCT.

Alan Whiteside is CIGI Chair in Global Health Policy, at the Balsillie School of International Affairs, and Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo, Canada and an Emeritus Professor of UKZN.

Anna-Lise Williamson is Professor in the Division of Medical Virology in the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences at UCT.

Carolyn Williamson is Professor and Head of the Division of Medical Virology at UCT.

Francis Wilson is Emeritus Professor in Economics at UCT.

Brenda Wingfield is Deputy Dean of Natural and Agricultural Sciences and Professor of Genetics at UP.

Michael Wingfield is Professor and Director of the Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute at UP.

Marié Philliphina Wissing is Professor in Psychology and Researcher in the African Unit for Transdis- ciplinary Health Research at NWU.

David Randle Woods was Vice-Chancellor of RU and DVC: Research at UCT.

Laurence Stuart Wright is Senior Research Associate at NWU.

Xiaohua Xia is a Professor in the Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering Department, UP.

Hong-Kun Xu is Chair Professor and Dean of College of Science at the National Sun Yat-sen Uni- versity, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Derek Yach is Executive Director at The Vitality Institute and Senior Vice-President, The Vitality Group (subsidiary of Discovery Holdings).

Heather Zar is Professor and Head of the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Director of the School of Child and Adolescent Health and Director of the Division of Paediatric Pulmonology at UCT.

Alphose Zingoni is Professor of Structural Engineering and Head of the Department of Civil Engi- neering at UCT.

77 Foreign Associates

Sydney Brenner is a two-time recipient of the Canada Gairdner International Award and the 2002 Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology or Medicine. He has been widely recognised as one of the key contributors to the understanding of modern molecular biology, programmed cell death (apoptosis), and the role of genes in organ development. He has been instrumental not only in shaping the understanding of modern molecular genetics and cell biology but his research using C. elegans has been fundamental to its adoption as a model organism worldwide. He was pro- leptic Director of the MRC Laboratory where he later set up a Unit of Molecular Genetics based in the Department of Medicine. He founded The Molecular Sciences Institute in California, USA. He retired from the Institute in 2000 and in 2001 was appointed a Distinguished Professor in the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.

Mohamed Hassan is the past-President of the African Academy of Sciences (AAS) and NASAC and current Co-chair of the Global Network of Science Academies. He was a Professor and Dean in the School of Mathematical Sciences, Khartoum University, Sudan and he served as the Execu- tive Director of TWAS. He is a Fellow of TWAS, the AAS and the Islamic World Academy of Sciences. He championed the founding of the AAS and NASAC and in particular, he assisted ASSAf in its infancy phase by ensuring that it reaped the benefits from capacity building grants, which saw ASSAf playing a crucial role in issues such as water, science education, biosecurity and scientific writing in Africa.

78 Alex Broadbent specialises in Philosophy and is an Associate Professor at UJ.

Mpfariseni Budeli specialises in Law and is a Professor at Unisa.

Tiri Chinyoka is a Lecturer in the Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics at UCT.

Shadreck Chirikure specialises in Archaeology – Iron Age, Heritage Studies, Archaeometallurgy and is Senior Lecturer at UCT.

Yahya Choonara specialises in Pharmaceutics and is an Associate Professor at Wits.

Mokhotjwa (Simon) Dhlamini is an Associate Professor in the Department of Physics at Unisa.

Anél du Plessis is Professor of Law at NWU.

Andrea Fuller is an Associate Professor in the School of Physiology at Wits.

Marieka Gryzenhout specialises in taxonomic studies of the cryphonectriaceae and is a Senior Lecturer at UFS.

Vishnu Jejjala is the NRF/DST Research Chair in Theoretical Particle Cosmology at Wits.

Louis Kotzé is Professor of Law at NWU.

Genevieve Langdon is an Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at UCT.

Christine Lochner is an Associate Professor and Co-director of the MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders at SU.

Regina Maphanga is an Associate Professor at the Materials Modelling Centre, UL.

Mandisa Mbali is a Lecturer in the Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology at SU.

Lyndy McGaw is a Senior Lecturer at UP and is Deputy Leader of the Phytomedicine Programme.

Andrew McKechnie is a Professor in the Department of Zoology and Entomology at UP.

Penny Moore is a Reader/Associate Professor at the AIDS research unit of the National Institute for Communicable Diseases at Wits.

Patience Mthunzi is a Senior Scientist at the National Laser Centre of the CSIR.

Voster Muchenje is a Professor of Animal Science and Head of the Department of Livestock and Pasture Science at UFH.

Mmboniseni Mulaudzi is an Associate Professor in the Department of Decision Sciences at Unisa.

Jeff Murugan is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics at UCT.

Bronwyn Myers is an Associate Professor and a Specialist Scientist in the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Unit of the MRC.

Sershen Naidoo is a Lecturer in Plant Ecophysiology at UKZN.

Fulufhelo Nelwamondo is a Principal Researcher and the Manager for Information Security Area of Competence at the National Laser Center at the CSIR.

Tolu Oni is a Senior Research Medical Officer within the Clinical Infectious Disease Research Initia- tive and the Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research at UCT.

79 Marlien Pieters is a Professor in the Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, NWU.

Mathieu Rouget is a Professor at UKZN and holder of the SARChI Chair in Land Use Planning and Management.

Alta Schutte is Professor of Physiology at NWU and holder of the SARChI Chair in the Early Detection and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in South Africa.

Jerome Amir Singh is Head of Ethics and Law at CAPRISA,UKZN.

Bernard Slippers is a Professor of Genetics at UP.

Erick Strauss is a Professor in the Department of Biochemistry atSU.

Aldo Stroebel is Executive Director International Relations and Cooperation at the NRF and affiliated Associate Professor at the Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, UFS.

De Wet Swanepoel is a Professor in the Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiol- ogy, UP.

John Terblanche is an Associate Professor in the Department of Conservation Ecology and Ento- mology at SU.

Christina Thobakgale is a Senior Lecturer and Researcher at the HIV Pathogenesis Programme at UKZN.

Ernst van der Wal is a Lecturer in Visual Studies at the Visual Arts Department of SU.

Marietjie Venter is an Associate Professor, Zoonosis Research Unit, Medical Virology, UP and One Health Programme Director, Global Disease Detection, US-Centres for Disease Control and Pre- vention, South Africa site office.

Amanda Weltman is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathemat- ics at UCT.

Caradee Wright is a Senior Researcher in the Climate Studies, Modelling and Environmental Health Research Group at the CSIR.

80 Christiaan Aldrich is Professor at Curtin University, Perth, Australia.

Mark Alexander is Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at UCT and Director of the Con- crete Materials and Structural Integrity Research Unit at UCT.

Nazir Alli is CEO of the South African National Roads Agency Ltd.

Salim Amod is the founder and Managing Director of Development and Engineering Consultants (Pty) Ltd.

Francois Anderson is Chief Radar and EW System Engineer at CSIR and Fellow at CSIR Defence Peace Safety and Security unit.

Hans Auret is retired Managing Director of Claassen Auret Inc Consulting Engineers.

Ricado Badiali is a Mechanical Consulting Engineer and owner and Director of RB Engineering.

Yunus Ballim is Professor in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Wits.

Trevor Balzer is Chief Operations Officer in the Department of Water Affairs.

Robert Barbour is retired Executive Chairman of Mozal.

Nic Barcza is retired Director Oriel Resources Ltd and Executive Consultant to Mintek.

Danie Barnard is retired Chief Engineer Infrastructure, Transnet Freight Rail.

James Barnard is Global Practice and Technology Leader with Black & Veatch in Kansas City, USA.

Willem Barnard is Executive Chairman of VASTech (Pty) Ltd and Extraordinary Professor at SU.

Thinus Basson is Global Senior Advisor Infrastructure at Hatch.

Coen Bester is Founder CEO of BrainWorks Management (Pty) Ltd.

Ed Bojé is Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, UCT.

Tony Boniface is Director of Arcus Gibb.

Johan Bosman is Director of Namela Consulting (Pty) Ltd.

Dawie Botha is retired Executive Director of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering (SAICE).

Liesbeth Botha is Executive Director, CSIR Implementation Unit.

Pieter Bredell is an independent nuclear consultant.

David Brink is retired Chairman of Murray & Roberts Holdings Limited.

Andries Burger is Professor and Departmental Chairman, Process Engineering, SU.

Colin Carter is retired Director of Ninham Shand Consulting Engineers.

Malose Chaba is Chief Operating Officer: Aggregates and Readymix of AfriSam.

Peter Clogg is retired CEO of Group Five.

Vernon Collis is a Professional Structural Engineer and an architect and is Director of the multidisciplinary consultancy Vernon Collis & Associates.

Pieter Cox is retired Chief Executive and Chairman, Sasol Limited.

81 Ian Craig is Professor and Group Head of the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, UP.

Frank Crowley is retired Managing Director of Grinaker-LTA Ltd.

John Cruise is a Consulting Mining Engineer.

Jan de Beer is retired CEO of Eskom Enterprises, now consultant in power generation.

Bram de Klerk is Group Executive of Sasol Limited.

Antonie de Klerk is Executive Director and Professor, UP.

Giel de Lange is retired Managing Director at IST Nuclear Power Systems.

Louis de Waal is retired Chairman of HHO Africa. Now Chairman of NGO Bicycling Empowerment Network (BEN).

Marius de Waal is retired Chairman of IDC, Iscor, Transnet and Siemens.

Pieter de Waal is retired Manager Technology of Billiton Aluminium Ltd and Executive Director at Blue CubeSystems (Pty) Ltd.

Tania Douglas is Professor of Biomedical Engineering at UCT, Deputy Dean for Research in the UCT Faculty of Health Sciences and Director of the MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit.

Simphiwe Duma is the former CEO of the Technology Innovation Agency.

Johann du Plessis is retired Managing Director of BKS (Pty) Ltd.

Willem du Preez is retired Programme Manager: Fuel Manufacturing Industrialisation at PBMR(Pty) Ltd.

Madeleine du Toit is Professor in the Department of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic Engi- neering at the University of Wollongong, Australia.

George Ekama is Professor of Water Quality Engineering in the Department of Civil Engineering, UCT.

Con Fauconnier is retired CEO of Exxaro Resources Ltd.

Brian Figaji is retired Vice-Chancellor of the Peninsula Technikon and now a Director of companies.

Jack Fletcher is Professor of Chemical Engineering, UCT.

Robert Fröhling is Principal Engineer, Mechanical Technology at Transnet Freight Rail.

Musa Furumele is Chief Executive of Gandlati Strategic Equity (Pty) Ltd.

Andrie Garbers-Craig is Professor, Anglo American Chair in Pyrometallurgy and Head: Centre for Pyrometallurgy, Department of Materials Science & Metallurgical Engineering, UP.

Ferdie Geyer is retired Chairman of G H Marais & Partners.

David Glasser is at Unisa’s College of Science, Engineering and Technology and an Honorary Professor at Wits.

Trueman Goba is Chairman and Managing Director Africa Hatch Goba (Pty) Ltd and Member of the National Planning Commission.

John Gregg is retired Chairman of Gibb Africa.

82 Sybrand Grobbelaar is retired CEO of Grintek Limited.

Louis Grobler is Dean of the Faculty of Engineering, NWU.

Sue Harrison holds the South African DST/NRF Research Chair in Bioprocess Engineering, is the Di- rector of CeBER and Deputy Dean of Engineering and the Built Environment, UCT.

Ralph Havenstein is the former CEO of Angloplatinum.

John Havinga is retired Managing Director of the Mining Products Division of Grinaker-LTA Limited.

Stephan Heyns is Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, UP.

Diane Hildebrandt is the director of MaPS Research Unit at Unisa’s College of Science, Engineering and Technology and is a Professor of Chemical Engineering.

Emile Horak is a founding partner of KUBU Consultancy (Pty) Ltd and Emile Horak and Associates (Pty) Ltd.

Stefan Hrabar is Director of Mirlem (Pty) Limited.

Fred Hugo is retired Director of the Institute of Transport Technology, Department of Civil Engineer- ing, SU.

Dave Hulbert is Specialist Consultant, Hydrometallurgy at Mintek.

Nelson Ijumba is Honorary Professor of Electrical Engineering, UKZN and DVC Academic Affairs and Research, University of Rwanda.

Sunny Iyuke is Professor and Head of the School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Wits.

David Jacobson is an international consultant.

Abbas Jamie is Head of Business Development, Aurecon Group.

Herman Joubert is Managing Member of Tech IQ Consulting Engineers CC.

Johan Joubert is Professor in the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, UP.

Elsabe Kearsley is Head of the Department of Civil Engineering, UP.

Carl Kies is CEO of Reutech Radar Systems.

Andrew Kirby is Senior Vice-President: Corporate Administration, Toyota South Africa Motors.

Hansie Knoetze is Deputy Dean (Teaching) in the Faculty of Engineering, SU.

Bingle Kruger is retired CEO, BKS Group (Pty) Ltd (now AECOM).

Bea Lacquet is DVC, Wits.

Allyson Lawless is Managing Director at SAICE Professional Development and Projects and Allyson Lawless and Associates (Pty) Ltd.

Steve Lennon is Group Executive: Sustainability at Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd.

Barry Lessing is retired Deputy Managing Director, Transnet.

Alison Lewis is Professor and Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering, UCT.

Philip Lloyd is Research Professor in the Energy Institute at CPUT.

83 Pierre Lombard is retired General Manager of Spoornet.

Leon Lorenzen is Director of Studies at Mintrex Pty Ltd in Perth, Australia and Extraordinary Professor at the Department of Process Engineering, SU.

Willem Louw is Director of the Centre for Business Management of Projects, SU.

Hylton Macdonald is retired Construction AdvisorAveng Ltdand Director of HKM Consulting.

Neil Macleod is Head: Water and Sanitation in the eThekwini Municipality.

Thembinkosi Madikane is Managing Director of Igoda Projects (Pty) Ltd.

Nape Maepa is retired Chairman of the SA Telecommunications Regulatory Authority.

Danai Magugumela is Managing Director at Bosch Stemele.

Sunil Maharaj is Head of the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering and SENTECH Chair in Broadband Wireless Multimedia Communications (BWMC), UP.

James Maina is Chief Research Engineer and Research Group Leader: Transport Infrastructure Engineering at CSIR Built Environment.

Thoko Majozi holds the NRF/DST Chair in Sustainable Process Engineering at the Wits University School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering.

Jan Malherbe is Professor in the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, UP.

Trevor Manuel was Minister in The Presidency: National Planning Commission.

Roy Marcus is Chairman of The Da Vinci Institute for Technology Management and Chairman of the Council of UJ.

John Marriott is retired General Manager of SASOL.

Tshilidzi Marwala is Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Research at UJ.

Josua Meyer is Head of the Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering and Chair- man of the School of Engineering, UP.

Petrie Meyer is Professor and Head of the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, SU.

Rodney Milford is Programme Manager: Construction Industry Performance at the Construction Industry Development Board.

Mafika Mkwanazi is Chairman of Western Areas Ltd, Letseng Diamonds and OrlyFunt Holdings.

Allen Morgan is Chairman of Biotherm Energy (Pty) Ltd and retired CEO of Eskom.

Dawid Mostert is retired CEO of Dorbyl and past-President of SEIFSA.

Mike Muller is Commissioner in the National Planning Commission and visiting Adjunct Professor at the Wits University School of Governance.

Johann Murray is Managing Director of Ultimate Air Solutions (Pty) Ltd and retired Founder Principal of MBB Consulting Engineers.

84 Mike Myburgh is retired Chief Executive of South African Airways.

Dempsey Naidoo is Managing Director of Mott MacDonald PDNA.

William Nairn is retired Group Technical Director, Anglo American Plc and member of the Board of Murray and Roberts.

Felix Ndlovu is General Manager, Rail Network (Rehabilitation& Construction), Transnet Freight Rail.

Mongezi Ntsokolo is Group Executive of the Eskom Transmission Division.

Alan Nurick is Head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, UJ.

Gerald Nurick is Professor of Mechanical Engineering, UCT.

Cyril O’Connor is retired Director of the Centre for Minerals Research and founder Director of the Centre for Catalysis at UCT.

Adi Paterson is Chief Executive Officer of the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organ- isation.

Willem Perold is Vice-Dean of Research in the Faculty of Engineering, SU.

Bryan Perrie is Managing Director of the Concrete Institute.

Francis Petersen is Dean of the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UCT.

Terry Pidgeon is Specialist Consulting Engineer at Ultimate Raft Designs and Director of Research at the Centre for Excellence in Foundation Engineering (CEFE).

Willie Pienaar is Managing Director, Tolplan Consulting (Pty) Ltd.

Graham Pirie is retired CEO of Consulting Engineers South Africa (CESA).

Calie Pistorius is Vice-Chancellor of the University of Hull in the UK and former Vice-Chancellor of UP.

Chris Pistorius is Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at the Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, USA.

Tony Press is Projects Executive at Algoa Project Services.

Tinus Pretorius is Professor, Head of Department and Chairman of the Graduate School of Technol- ogy Management, UP.

Vic Prins is a Director of Royal HaskoningDHV South in the Netherlands.

Bob Pullen is retired Deputy CEO of BKS.

Deresh Ramjugernath is Pro Vice-Chancellor: Innovation, Commercialisation, and Entrepreneur- ship, UKZN.

Daya Reddy holds the South African Research Chair in Computational Mechanics in the Depart- ment of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, UCT.

Tony Redman is Group Technical Director and Chairman of Anglo Coal.

Felix Reinders is Programme Manager: Agricultural Water Resources and Conservation at the ARC’s Institute for Agricultural Engineering.

85 Christine Render is Executive Manager Engineering at Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd.

Paul Roberts is an independent specialist consultant on water resources and water engineering.

Howard Roberts is a consultant and non-executive member of RMB’s Credit Committee.

Gustav Rohde is Chief Operating Officer of Aurecon.

Albert Rooseboom is Emeritus Professor in Hydraulics, Faculty of Engineering, SU.

John Sampson is retired Managing Director of Transportation and Traffic Technology Africa (Pty) Ltd and now a consultant.

Roelf Sandenbergh is Dean of the Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Tech- nology, UP.

Adriaan Scheeres is CEO and co-founder of Pragma.

Arnold Schoonwinkel is Vice-Rector for Learning and Teaching, SU.

Mike Shand is a consultant at Aurecon.

Pepi Silinga is Chief Executive of the COEGA Development Corporation.

Johan Slabber is Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, UP.

Dick Stacey is Emertitus Professor of the School of Mining Engineering, Wits.

Bob Stanway is retired Executive Director: Transportation in the City of Johannesburg.

David Stephenson is Emeritus Professor of Hydraulic Engineering, Wits and Adjunct Professor, Uni- versity of Botswana.

Jasper Steyn is Director: Automotive Focus Group in the Department of Engineering and Technol- ogy Management, UP.

Herman Steyn is Professor in Electronic Engineering and Head of the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, SU.

Pieter Strauss is a retired member of management in BKS and works as specialist consultant.

Waldo Stumpf is Professor and Acting Head of the Department of Materials Science and Metal- lurgical Engineering, UP.

Harry Swart is Manager of the business processes service line at Bentley West Management Con- sultants.

Willem van Biljon is CEO of Advanced Technologies and Engineering Company (Pty) Ltd in Midrand.

Willem van Biljon is Technical Manager at DCD Protected Mobility in Isando.

Jack van der Merwe is CEO, Gautrain.

Nielen van der Merwe is Professor of Rock Engineering at the Wits School of Mining.

Pieter van der Walt is Consultant at Reutech Radar Systems and Professor Extraordinary in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, SU.

86 Jannie van der Westhuizen is retired Group General Manager of Sasol Limited.

Frank van Duuren is a retired Consulting Engineer/Specialist in water and public health engineering.

Willem van Niekerk is Senior Vice-President, Tronox, USA.

Wikus van Niekerk is Director of the Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies, SU.

Peter van Niekerk is retired Water Resources Engineering Expert in the Department of Water Affairs.

Theo van Robbroeck is retired Director-General of the Department of Public Works.

Eric van Steen is Professor of Chemical Engineering in the Department of Chemical Engineering, UCT.

Daan van Wyk is Visiting Professor, UJ.

Arnold van Zyl is Rector of the Chemnitz University of Technology in Germany.

Olaus van Zyl is Project Co-ordinator for the Gautrain Rapid Rail Link Project.

Kit Vaughan is Emeritus Professor of Biomedical Engineering, UCT and CEO of CapeRay Medical(Pty) Ltd.

Kobus Venter is a retired Divisional Director of BKS (Aecom).

Alex Visser is Emeritus Professor of the Department of Civil Engineering, UP.

Fritz Wagener is retired CEO of Jones & Wagener and presently Director of Fritz Wagener & Associates.

Kevin Wall is a development consultant and Extraordinary Professor, Faculty of Engineering, UP.

Allan Wijnberg is Director CEO of PRDW (Pty) Ltd Consulting Port and Coastal Engineers.

Rob Williamson is Director of Knight Piésold (Pty) Ltd.

Dave Wright is General Manager: Corporate Planning with Engen Petroleum Ltd.

Xiaohua Xia is Professor in Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, UP.

John Zietsman is founding Director of Zietsman Lloyd & Hemsted.

Alphose Zingoni is Professor and Head of the Department of Structural Engineering, UCT.

87 88